CHAPTER 14

EDUCATION
14.01 Education is not only one of the most Among the districts in 2001, Khurda district
important factors of economic growth but also has the highest literacy of 79.6%, where as
the means to holistic development of Malkangiri has the lowest with 30.5%. The
societies. It helps to improve skills and thus State Government have intended to raise the
has a significant impact on Production and literacy rate from 63.08% to 83.96% in the
productivity. Eleventh Plan period.

14.02 Indian States are under Constitutional EARLY CHILDHOOD CARE EDUCATION
(ECCE)
obligation to provide free and compulsory
14.04 The UNICEF assisted ECCE
education to all children up to the age of 14.
programme is being implemented in the State
The Government of Orissa have formulated a
since 1982 with the objective of inducting
number of goals for the education sector like
children in the age group of 3-5 years into
Universalisation of Elementary Education
primary education with a view to achieve the
(UEE) in the State by 2010, universal literacy,
aim of Universalisation of Elementary
development of secondary and higher
Education (UEE). The existing ICDS centers,
secondary education, skill development
which also play an important role in this
through vocational education in higher
regard, are being strengthened. The following
secondary schools & modernisation of
achievements have been made during 2005-
technical education. There has been a steady
06.
improvement in the literacy rates of the State
over successive decades, which is a result of Arunima training has been imparted to all
34,201 Anganwadi workers of ICDS.
expansion of educational infrastructure, both
quantitative and qualitative. Teaching Learning Materials (TLM) have
been provided to all the 34,201 Anganwadi
centers.
14.03 The literacy rate in Orissa during 1951
was 15.8% against the all India average of 2,350 new ECCE centres have been
opened under SSA and 5,950 centres under
18.3%, which increased to 63.08% in 2001
NPEGEL.
against the all India average of 64.80%. While
the male literacy rate of 63.1% in the State in 8,300 new ECCE instructors have been
engaged.
1991 increased to 75.35% in 2001, the female
8,300 newly engaged instructors have been
literacy rate increased from 34.7% to 50.51%. imparted Arunima Induction Training.
CHAPTER 14 EDUCATION

8,300 Mother -Teacher Associations have has been increased to 9,801 schools, 16,525
been engaged in different activities of
ECCE. teachers and 3.15 lakh enrollment by the end
of 1950-51 and 42,104 nos. of schools,
ELEMENTARY EDUCATION
1,14,791 teachers and 47.10 lakh enrollment
14.05 “Universalisation of Elementary
by the end of 2000-01. At present 45,890
Education (UEE)” is a constitutional obligation
primary schools are functioning with 1.15 lakh
and also a national commitment. The strategy
teachers and 46.02 lakh enrollment. While
of Universalisation of Elementary Education
there was a primary school for every 15.9 sq.
covers three aspects of elementary education
km. in 1950-51, has declined to 3.70 sq.km. in
i.e. (I) Universal access and enrolment, (ii)
2000-01 and to 3.39 sq.km. by the end of
Universal retention of children up to 14 years
2005-06. This reflects that the density of
of age, (iii) Universal improvement in
primary schools is increasing gradually. So,
achievement level/quality of education. The
the accessibility for primary education reflects
86th Constitutional Amendment has made
an increasing trend. Similarly, the teacher
elementary education a Fundamental Right,
student ratio in 1950-51 stood at 1:19;
which has given a new thrust to the national
increased to 1:41 in 2000-01 and 1:40 during
endeavour to achieve the goal of UEE. The
2005-06 (table 14.1). The no. of student per
State Government are also committed to the
teacher is highest in Gajapati (53) followed by
UEE in the State by 2010 with Central
Balesore (51), Bhadrak (51). The lowest is in
Government assistance.
Rayagada (29) and Kandhamal (29),
14.06 Keeping in view the need for Sambalpur (31). The distribution of districts
universalisation of elementary education there as per this indicator is given in Map – I. The
has been expansion at primary and upper Gross Enrollment Ratio and Net Enrollment
primary stages of education in Govt. sector Ratio at the primary level, which were
especially in rural and backward areas of the 104.26% and 93.13% in 2004-05, have
State. The State aims at providing access to decreased to 83.59% and 78.58%
primary schools within one kilometer and to respectively in 2005-06. Table 14.1
upper primary schools within three kilometers represents the number of primary schools,
from habitations having a population of 300 or students enrolled & teacher position therein
more and 500 or more respectively. At the etc. since 1947-48. In regard to distribution of
time of independence i.e. since 1947-48 there primary school per lakh population,
were only 6,814 nos. of primary schools Kandhamal district has the highest no. of
having 16,520 teachers and 2.55 lakh schools i.e. 243 followed by Gajapati (233),
enrollment in the State. Subsequently this Malkangiri (204). Most of these districts are

ECONOMIC SURVEY 14/2

CHAPTER 14 EDUCATION

predominantly tribal and the villages remain MAP – I

widely scattered with less population.
Therefore, number of schools per lakh
population is relatively higher to meet the
need of the areas. But, it is less in Khurda
(77), Cuttack (92), Balesore (95), Ganjam
(101), which is mainly because of high density
of population. The distribution of districts with
regard to primary school per lakh population is
given in Map – II. For inter district comparison
and in order to assess the level of
development, the determination of no. of
primary school per 100 sq. km. is more
MAP – II
important. Since primary schools should be
within easy reach of small children, distance
of school from village should be within 1 km.
If the no. of primary school per 100sq.km. is
larger, the better is the accessibility. In this
regard Jagatsinghpur (77), followed by Jajpur
(59), Kendrapara (58), Cuttack (55). The
distribution of districts with regards to no. of
primary school per 100 sq.km. is given in Map
– III.

MAP – III

ECONOMIC SURVEY 14/3

CHAPTER 14 EDUCATION

Table 14.1
Number of Primary Schools, Enrollment, Teachers
and Gross / Net Enrollment Ratio in Orissa.

school / 100
Enrollment (

Enrollment

Enrollment
Number of

population
Teachers

Ratio (%)

Ratio (%)

Student /
Teacher
Primary

Student
schools
primary

in lakh)

sq.km.
No. of

Gross

Ratio

lakh
Net
Year

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1947-48 6814 2.55 16,520 NA NA 4.4 15.9 48.4
1950-51 9801 3.15 16,525 NA NA 6.3 19.7 67
2000-01 42104 47.1 114,791 - - 27 41.3 114.4
2001-02 42824 47.69 116,231 98.27 87.25 27.5 41.1 114.3
2002-03 42824 46.08 83,652 101.78 90.98 27.5 55.5 112.3
2003-04 44416 52.14 97,175 103.48 91.51 28.5 53.8 115.6
2004-05 45700 52.15 99,079 104.26 93.13 29.3 52.7 117.0
2005-06 45890 46.02 115,351 83.59 78.58 29.5 40.4 116.8
Source: Director, OPEPA
Director Elementary Education, Orissa.

14.07 In order to achieve the goal of the dropout rate among SC students is closer
Universalisation of Elementary Education and to the dropout rate for all categories at primary
to improve the quality, State Government level, but it is higher among ST students
have engaged 37,196 para-teachers called (4.62%). In order to reduce the drop out
Swechhasevi Sikhya Sahayak (SSS) against rates, among SC/STs, Govt. have taken steps
the vacant post of primary and upper primary for opening new schools, Sevashrams and
school teachers. To bring up efficiency among Kanyashrams. Table 14.2 represents the
the para teachers, Government have taken dropout rates in primary schools since 2000-
steps by formulating carrier advancement 01.
policy for getting increased remuneration. It
14.09 Mid Day Meal (MDM) programme is
has been proposed to open new primary
being implemented in the State since July,
schools and to continue the services of SSS
1995 with a view to increase retention of
during 2006-07.
children and to reduce the dropout rate in
14.08 Poverty and illiteracy among the primary level. During 2005-06 about 51.56
families contribute to high rate of drop out in lakh children in 69,700 schools including
the schools. The overall dropout rate at 11.69 lakh children of 18,486 schools in KBK
primary level during 2004-05 was 32.0%, districts were covered under the Programme.
having 31.4% for boy and 32.7% for girls. But These schools include the schools functioning
as per Orissa Child Census, 2005 the over all under School and Mass Education
drop out rate at primary level is reduced only Department, NLEP schools, special schools of
3.19% while the same stood at 3.04% and W & C.D. Department and schools belonging
3.34% for boys and girls respectively. Though to ST & SC Development Department.

ECONOMIC SURVEY 14/4

CHAPTER 14 EDUCATION

Table 14.2
Dropout Rates in Primary Schools in Orissa.
All Categories Scheduled Castes Scheduled Tribes
Year
Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
2000-01 42.3 41.4 41.8 50.5 54.3 52.4 61.7 66.5 64.1
2001-02 42.0 40.0 41.0 50.0 52.0 51.0 61.0 65.0 63.0
2002-03 32.3 36.5 34.4 35.8 38.7 37.2 49.3 57.4 53.3
2003-04 31.9 35.4 33.6 34.6 36.6 35.6 48.2 56.6 52.4
2004-05 31.4 32.7 32.0 34.0 35.6 34.8 48.0 56.0 52.0
2005-06 3.04 3.34 3.19 3.14 3.48 3.31 4.30 4.97 4.62
(* 2005-06 year based on Orissa Child Census,2005).

Fig.14.1 Category w ise distribution basic infrastructure like construction of

of Dropout rates in prim ary schools
primary school buildings, toilets, tube-wells
in Orissa (2005-06).
5
4.5
etc under different programmes. During 2005-
4 06, 1578 nos. of primary schools have been
3.5
3 opened. Besides, some additional
2.5
infrastructure like 2519 classrooms, 157
4.62
3.19

3.31

2
1.5 toilets and 902 tube wells have been
1
0.5 constructed under DPEP-I & II. Under SSA,
0
All Categories SC ST
4522 additional class rooms, 1766
toilets,5019 water facilities & 254 boundary

Fig.14.2 Dropout Rates in Prim ary walls have been constructed from 2003-04 to
Schools in Orissa. 2005-06.
45.0

40.0

35.0
DISTRICT PRIMARY EDUCATION
30.0
PROGRAMME (DPEP)
41.0

25.0
32.0
41.8

33.6
34.4

20.0 14.11 DPEP is a Centrally Sponsored

15.0
Programme launched in Orissa during 1996-
10.0
3.2

5.0 97 with a view to achieve the goal of

0.0
Universalisation of Elementary Education
(UEE) and for the holistic development of
Primary Education. DPEP Phase -1 was a
14.10 The infrastructure facilities in the World Bank assisted project operated in 8
schools have a direct influence on enrolment districts viz. Baragarh, Bolangir, Dhenkanal,
and drop out rates. A number of Primary Gajapati, Kalahandi, Keonjhar, Rayagada and
Schools are functioning in the State without Sambalpur selected on the basis of low
proper buildings and other infrastructure. The female literacy rate and educational
Government have taken steps for providing backwardness. The cost of this project was

ECONOMIC SURVEY 14/5

CHAPTER 14 EDUCATION

Rs.229.75 crore and the project came to an All children of 6-14 years age group in
school or EGS/AIE by 2003.
end in June 2003. DPEP Phase-II, a DFID
assisted project, is in operation in other 8 All children to complete 5 years of schooling
by 2007.
districts viz Boudh, Kandhamal, Koraput,
Malkangiri, Mayurbhanj, Nawarangpur, Universal retention by 2010.
Nuapada and Sonepur. The project cost of
Emphasis on Elementary Education of
DPEP ph-II is Rs.313.80 crore. DPEP has satisfactory quality with focus on education
for life.
created a positive environment for primary
education through its emphasis on the Bridge all gender and social category gaps
at primary stage by 2007 and at upper
following. primary stage by 2010.

Addressing access, retention and quality 14.13 Up to the end of 2005-06, additional
issues.
754 primary schools, 4097 upper primary
Need-based, decentralized and schools & 4522 additional class rooms have
participative planning.
been opened. 600 numbers of schools have
Empowerment, capacity building at all been taken under Computer Aided Education
levels and
Community monitoring of school-based in SSA to increase the retention rate at upper
intervention. primary level. 12.03 lakh man days have been

SARVA SHIKSHA ABHIYAN (SSA) created through teacher training under SSA in

14.12 SSA is a national programme in a the year 2005-06 to improve the class room

mission mode launched during 2003-04 transaction process.

covering all the 30 districts to achieve the goal

NATIONAL PROGRAMME OF EDUCATION
of UEE and provide useful and quality FOR GIRLS AT ELEMENTARY LEVEL
education to all children in 6-14 years by (NPEGEL)

2,010. It provides for community ownership 14.14 NPEGEL launched in November 2003

planning and arrangement of school system is meant for providing education to girls and

through VEC. The programme aims to implemented in Educationally Backward

achieve the UEE through universal access Blocks (EBBs) and SC/ST Blocks. The

and enrollment, universal retention and scheme further added fillip to the SSA Mission

achievement. The funding pattern under SSA by covering one of the most vulnerable as well

between Centre and State is 75:25 as hard to reach target groups for achieving

respectively. The salient features of SSA are UEE for the girl children in the age group 6-14

as follows: in all their varied categories i.e. never enrolled

girls, dropout girls, working girls, adolescent
girls etc.

ECONOMIC SURVEY 14/6

CHAPTER 14 EDUCATION

14.15 At present NPEGEL is operating in 143 this purpose 1344 MCS Coordinators have
EBBs, 23 ST blocks, 13 urban slums and 9 been engaged & 1131 coordinators have
small towns in the State. 1651 model cluster been trained. Funds received from Govt. of
schools (MCS) have been opened to organize India as well as from State Government for
the NPEGEL activities, providing books, implementation of SSA & NPEGEL
teaching materials, bicycles, sports materials programme and the expenditure incurred are
and curricular and co-curricular activities. For presented in table no.14.3.
Table – 14.3
Financial Position of SSA and NPEGEL.
(Rs. In crore)
Govt. of India share Govt. of Orissa
Total receipt Expenditure
Year received share received
SSA NPEGEL SSA NPEGEL SSA NPEGEL SSA NPEGEL
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

2001-02 1.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.50 0.00 0.54 0.00

2002-03 51.74 0.00 5.22 0.00 56.96 0.00 25.42 0.00

2003-04 140.40 3.59 18.86 0.00 159.26 3.59 157.93 0.00

2004-05 198.07 20.00 98.57 1.20 296.65 21.19 251.90 18.80

2005-06 312.00 15.93 80.00 11.97 392.00 27.90 343.26 28.39

KASTURBA GANDHI BALIKA VIDYALAYA 14.17 Total 49 residential hostels under

(KGBV)
KGBVs have been opened in Orissa for giving
14.16 To provide schooling facility for the
schooling facility to out of school girls in
out of school girls, the Government of India
backward areas.
have approved a new scheme “ Kasturba
Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya”(KGBV) for setting Upper Primary (Middle) Schools
up residential schools with boarding facilities 14.18 At the time of independence, there
at elementary level for girls belonging to ST, were only 286 upper primary schools in the
SC, OBC and Minorities in different areas. State with 1,483 teachers and 0.32 lakh
This would be applicable only in those enrollment. 6.25% of the enrollment belongs
identified Educationally Backward Blocks to girl students. After independence, due to
(EBBs) where, as per 2001 population successful implementation of Educational
census, the rural female literacy rate is below Policy, this picture have changed rapidly and
the national average and gender gap in the number of school increased to 501 with
literacy is more than the national average. 2569 teachers and 0.40 lakh enrollment by
the end of 1950-51. At present the State have

ECONOMIC SURVEY 14/7

CHAPTER 14 EDUCATION

15,737 upper primary schools with 32,985 MAP – V

teachers and 12.25 lakh enrollment.

14.19 While there was a upper primary

school for every 544 sq. km. area in 1947
have decreased to 311 sq. km. in 1950-51
and at present this figure stood at 10 sq.km.
Similarly, the teacher-people ratio which was
1:22 in 1947-48 has decreased to 1:16 in
1950-51 and at present it is 1:37. The
distribution of districts as per student teacher MAP – VI
Ratio in Upper primary / middle school is
given in Map – IV. This shows that, while the
area covered under an upper primary school
showing a declining trend, the teacher-pupil
ratio shows an increasing trend. Table 14.4
shows the picture of Upper – Primary schools
in the State since 1947-48. The distribution of
districts as per no. of schools per lakh
population and no. of schools per 100sq.km.
is given in Map – V, Map - VI respectively.

MAP–IV Table - 14.4

Position of upper primary schools in Orissa.
Teachers-pupil ratio
Area covered per
Student enrolled

school (sq.kms.)
No. of teachers
No.of schools

(000')

Year

1 2 3 4 5 6
1947-48 286 1483 32 544 01:21.6
1950-51 501 2569 40 311 01:15.6
2000-01 12406 40706 1057 13 01:26.0
2001-02 11510 38914 1055 14 1:27
2002-03 11510 41375 953 14 1:23
2003-04 14233 49786 1363 11 1:27
2004-05 15893 31393 1383 10 1:44
2005-06 15737 32985 1225 10 1:37
Source: Director, OPEPA, Bhubaneswar.

ECONOMIC SURVEY 14/8

CHAPTER 14 EDUCATION

14.20 Table 14.5 depicts that the drop out drop out rate among SC & ST stood at 11.3%
rate at Upper Primary level during 2004-05 and 13.7% respectively. Where the same
stood at 49.1%. But as per the Orissa Child stood at 11.9% and 14.5% in case of SC/ST
Census, 2005 the drop out rate in Upper girl children during 2005-06.
Primary School recorded as 6.4% only. The
Table -14.5
Dropout Rates in Upper Primary Schools in Orissa.
All Categories Scheduled Caste Scheduled Tribe
Year
Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
2000-01 52.9 61.1 57.0 49.7 69.7 59.7 70.9 77.1 74.0
2001-02 52.0 60.5 56.2 49.0 68.0 58.5 70.0 76.0 73.0
2002-03 57.7 60.5 59.1 45.7 49.2 47.5 75.0 80.3 77.7
2003-04 56.5 58.6 57.5 60.9 65.3 63.1 73.0 78.5 75.8
2004-05 48.2 50.1 49.1 47.0 63.0 55.0 67.0 72.0 69.5
2005-06 4.3 9.9 6.4 10.7 11.9 11.3 13.1 14.5 13.7
Source: Director Elementary Education / Director DPEPA, Bhubaneswar.

Fig.14.3 Category w ise MASS EDUCATION

distribution of Dropout rates in 14.21 The Mass Education Programme as a
Middle Schools in Orissa (2005-06).
16.0 part of National Literacy Mission (NLM), was
14.0
12.0 introduced in the State during 1991-92 with
13.7
10.0 11.3 the objective to make adult illiterates in the
8.0
6.0
age group 15-35 literates in three phases i.e.
6.4
4.0 Total Literacy Campaign (TLC), Post-Literacy
2.0
Programme (PLP) and Continuing Education
0.0
All SC ST Programme (CEP). The TLC has been the
Categories
principal strategy of NLM for eradication of

Fig.14.4 Dropout rates in Middle

illiteracy in the target age group. These
Schools in Orissa. campaigns are area specific, time-bound,
70.0
volunteer-based, cost effective and outcome-
60.0
50.0 oriented. At State level, the State Literacy
57.0

59.1
56.2

57.5

Mission Authority (SLMA) and the Zilla

49.1

40.0
30.0 Sakhyarata Samiti (ZSS) at district level are
20.0
implementing the programme under School
6.4

10.0
and Mass Education Department and
0.0
Directorate of Mass Education.

ECONOMIC SURVEY 14/9

CHAPTER 14 EDUCATION

14.22 As per the guidelines of NLM, the TLC 14.23 A total amount of Rs.38.80 crore was
activities have been taken in all the 30 released for implementation of the programme
districts along with one special project for out of which Rs.35.93 crore has been utilized.
Rourkela in a phased manner. By the end of 37.02 lakh adult illiterates including 20.67 lakh
2005-06, TLC programme has been female, 7.71 lakh SC and 11.29 lakh ST were
completed in 25 districts of the State. PLP made new literates under TLC programme by
has covered 13 districts and 10 other districts the end of 2005-06. Similarly, against an
are presently continuing under this amount of Rs.17.24 crore released, Rs.16.51
programme. Continuing Education crore was utilized under Post Literacy
Programme (CEP) is taken up with cent Campaign by the end of 2005-06 covering
percent central assistance in the districts like 23.59 lakh adults including 12.89 lakh female,
Bolangir, Kalahandi, Sundargarh and Special 5.19 lakh SC and 5.79 lakh ST. An amount of
urban area of Rourkela. Rs.50.00 lakh has been proposed in the State
Plan for TLC programme during 2006-07.

Amount No. of persons covered (In lakh.)

Expenditure
Activities released (Rs.
(Rs. in crore) Total Female SC ST
in crore)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Total Literacy Campaign (TLC) 38.8 35.93 37.02 20.67 7.71 11.29
Post Literacy Programme (PLP) 17.24 16.51 23.59 12.89 5.19 5.79

14.24 Besides, a special project titled EDUCATION GUARANTEE SCHEME (EGS)

“Accelerated Female Literacy Programme 14.25 The Education Guarantee Scheme
(AFLP) implemented by National Literacy (EGS), a Centrally Sponsored scheme with
Mission through the NGOs for 8 KBK and 75:25 fund sharing between the Centre and
Gajapati districts of Orissa has covered 9.03 State, was introduced in the State during
lakh women in the age group 15-35 literates. 2001-02 in place of the earlier scheme of
There are 9 Jana Sikhyana Sansthans (JSSs) Non-Formal Education (NFE), which provides
operating in the State which provide alternative schooling facilities to the difficult to
vocational education to the new literates to reach children. The aim of the scheme is to
make them self-reliant. Now, ten action plans bridge the gap between the conventionally
are being prepared for 7 KBK & Gajapati, defined streams of formal and non-formal
Mayurbhanj & Kandhmal districts to launch education. The minimum standard of
Residential Literacy Programme. Education Volunteers (EV), curriculum, quality
of teaching, learning materials and training
programmes and the average annual number

ECONOMIC SURVEY 14/10

CHAPTER 14 EDUCATION

of teaching days would be equivalent to the through AIR, Cuttack mostly relate to
formal primary education system. By the end environmental issues, social studies,
of 2005-06, 19,009 EGS centers have been mathematics, health and hygiene, physical
opened providing access and enrolment to education, work experience, language and art.
6.08 lakh children in the age group of 6-14. During 2005-06, SIET has telecast 486 nos. of
Out of 19,009 EGS centres, 17,596 were video programmes through regional
Primary EGS centres and 1,413 were Upper Doordarsan Kendra in DD–I channel between
Primary EGS centres. 10.00 to 10.30 A.M. every day except
Saturday and Sunday. For the first time, SIET
14.26 The Alternative and Innovative
had the honour to organize the 11th National
Education (AIE) Programme is a component
Childrens Educational Audio /Video Festival at
of EGS. It aims to provide diverse and flexible
Bhubaneswar & won the 1st prize for the video
strategies for ensuring educational
programme “Jhumpara Jid”. Besides, SIET
involvement of children who are marginalised
has also successfully co-ordinated “Sishu
and deprived on account of household work,
Prativa Utsav –2005” under the guidance of
migration, religious beliefs and customs,
Department of School and Mass Education in
engagement in economic activity, extreme
collaboration with UNICEF to recognize
poverty, living on streets etc. As on 1st April,
hidden talent of children from different parts of
2005, a total number of 1,127 AIE Centres
Orissa by means of Quiz, Debate, Art
were operating in the State with an enrolment
(Painting), Drama, and Dance etc. In order to
of 3.37 lakh children.
create awareness among the mass, SIET has
taken up production work of different
STATE INSTITUTE OF EDUCATIONAL
TECHNOLOGY (SIET) programmes of some Government
14.27 The State Institute of Educational departments like Water Resources Deptt. on
Technology (SIET) was set up in Orissa in “Pani Panchyat”, School and Mass Education
1980. The Institute mainly deals with Deptt. on “Girl Child Education”. SIET has
production of educational video and audio also been appointed as nodal organisation for
programmes and their telecast and broadcast Children Foundation India under Ministry of
through Doordarshan and All India Radio for Social Justice, Govt. of India. In the wake of
benefit of Primary School students. It also launching of EDUSAT for meeting educational
designs programmes to aid training of Primary needs of the Children and teachers, SIET has
School teachers. The educational organized workshops involving subject
programmes telecast through National experts on Secondary level subjects for
Channel of Doordarshan and broadcast development of scripts during 2005-06.

ECONOMIC SURVEY 14/11

CHAPTER 14 EDUCATION

SECONDARY EDUCATION MAP - VII

14.28 Secondary Education, which
comprises classes VIII to X with students in
the age group 14-18, is under academic
control of the Board of Secondary Education
which is a corporate body constituted since
1953 to regulate, control and develop
secondary education in the State.

14.29 In the year 1947-48, there was only

106 high schools in the state with 0.15 lakh MAP-VIII
enrollment. But there after due to successful
implementation of Educational Policy,
educational facilities have been expanded
very rapidly and the number of recognised
high schools mounted up to 7,361 by the end
of 2005-06 with 13.46 lakh enrollment. Out of
these 7,361 high schools, 3,496 were Govt.
High Schools, 657 aided (609 under plan
schemes + 48 under non-plan schemes) and
Block grant is being provided to 1,102 high
MAP – IX
schools. There is only one high school for
every 21.15 sq. km. area and for every 5.0
thousand population. The teacher-pupil ratio
during 2005-06 stood at 1:21.7. The
distribution of districts as per the indicators,
student teacher ratio in High Schools, no. of
high school per lakh population and no. of
high school per 100sq.km. is given in Map –
VII, Map-VIII & Map - IX.

ECONOMIC SURVEY 14/12

CHAPTER 14 EDUCATION

Table 14.6 14.33 There are 167 Madrasas functioning in

Number of High Schools, Students Enrolled the State including one Govt. Madrasa. 78
and Teachers in Orissa.
2001- 2002- 2003- 2004- 2005- Madrasas have been provided Grant-in-Aid
Item
02 03 04 05 06
HighSchool 6,282 6,811 7,011 7,141 7,361 and the rest 88 are unaided recognized.
Students 1,134 1,288 1,296 1,325 1,346*
Teachers 52,389 58,136 60,960 61,008 61939 Steps have been taken for modernization of
* : Provisional
Source: Director, Elementary Education, Orissa, Bhubaneswar. the Madrasa Education by engaging science
and mathematics teachers in 116 Madrasas
14.30 The Board of Secondary Education
and supplying kits and opening Book Banks in
(BSE), Orissa, conducts the High School
these Madrasas.
Certificate Examination and looks into the
academic standard of the High Schools. In 14.34 The dropout rate in high school level is
addition, the BSE conducts Teachers’ showing a declining trend. During 2000-01 the
Certificate Examination, Hindi Teachers’ overall dropout rate in high schools was
Certificate Examination, and Certificate 70.6%, declined to 62% during 2005-06.
Course for Physical Education Examination Though the dropout rate among all -category
granting recognition to institutions, caters students has decreased, it is still high among
education through correspondence courses SCs / STs. The dropout rate in high schools
etc. The syllabi for classes VIII,IX & X under for the year 2000-01 to 2005-06 is given in
B.S.E Orissa has been revised based on the table 14.7, Fig.14.5 & Fig.14.6 respectively.
new scheme of studies, implemented by Table 14.7
NCERT, New Delhi. Agriculture Economics is Dropout Rate in High Schools in Orissa.
introduced as a subject at the Secondary level
Category /

2000-01

2001-02

2002-03

2003-04

2004-05

2005-06
Gender

in Class –VIII from the Academic year 2006.

14.31 Besides, 123 nos. of schools affiliated All Categories

Boys 68.0 67.0 65.9 62.5 61.0 60.0
to CBSE and 78 schools affiliated to ICSE are
Girls 73.4 72.0 68.5 66.7 66.0 64.0
also providing secondary education in the Total 70.6 69.5 67.2 64.4 63.5 62.0

State during the academic year 2006 in Scheduled Caste

Boys 76.2 75.0 74.1 74.3 72.0 70.8
English medium.
Girls 78.0 77.0 76.5 73.7 73.0 72.5
Total 77.0 76.0 75.3 74.0 72.5 71.7
14.32 In addition, 253 nos. of Sanskrit tolls Scheduled Tribe
including 10 Govt. Sanskrit Tolls functioning in Boys 79.3 79.0 78.0 76.3 76.5 75.0
Girls 78.1 77.0 76.5 74.9 74.0 73.0
the State are imparting Sanskrit education.
Total 80.2 78.0 77.3 75.8 75.3 74.0
Besides, 24 Navodaya Vidyalayas are also Source: Director Elementary Education,
Orissa, Bhubaneswar.
functioning in the State in 24 districts.

ECONOMIC SURVEY 14/13

CHAPTER 14 EDUCATION

Fig.14.5 Category w ise distribution

52.4 while it was highest under ICSE course
of Dropout rates in High Schools in (95.9) followed by CBSE course (88.6). Table
Orissa (2005-06).
76 14.8 & Fig.14.7 depict the results of
74
72 Secondary School Examination conducted by
70 the above three institutions since 2003.
68
66
64 Table 14.8
62 74.0 Results of HSC Examination in Orissa.
71.7
60 No. of Students (in 000' nos.)
62.0 Year % of
58 Appeared Passed
success
56 1 2 3 4
A ll Catego ries SC ST B.S.E. , Orissa
2003 376.30 166.18 44.20
2004 395.01 182.74 46.20
Fig.14.6 Dropout rate in High 2005 350.41 183.37 52.30
Schools in Orissa. 2006 359.02 188.45 52.40
72 C.B.S.E., New Delhi
70.6 69.5
70 2003 7.17 6.05 84.30
67.2 2004 7.58 6.53 86.10
68
2005 7.91 7.07 89.30
66 64.4 2006 8.40 7.48 88.60
63.5
64 62.0 I.C.S.E., New Delhi
2003 4.73 4.41 93.20
62
2004 5.02 4.64 92.40
60 2005 5.15 4.80 93.20
58 2006 5.41 5.19 95.90
Source: BSE, Cuttack ; CBSE, New Delhi
56
& ICSE, New Delhi.

Fig.14.7 Results of BSE,CBSE &

ICSE Exam ination in Orissa.
120.00

95.90
93.20

93.20
92.40

14.35 From Orissa around 3.73 lakh

89.30

88.60
86.10
84.30

100.00
students including 1.68 lakh girls have
80.00
appeared the Secondary Schools examination
52.30

52.40
46.20
44.20

– 2006 conducted by Board of Secondary 60.00

Education, Orissa, Central Board of 40.00

Secondary Education, New Delhi and Indian
20.00
Certificials of Secondary Education, New
0.00
Delhi. Out of which 2.01 lakh students 2003 2004 2005 2006
B .S.E. , Orissa C.B .S.E., New Delhi I.C.S.E., New Delhi
including 0.88 lakh girls came out successful.
The overall percentage of success stood at
14.36 Under Chief Minister’s Merit Award
53.9 as against 53.7 during 2005. The
Scheme, 21 students who occupied top ten
percentage of success among the students
ranks in the High School Certificate
appeared under B.S.E., Orissa was lowest i.e.
Examination, 2006 conducted by Board of

ECONOMIC SURVEY 14/14

CHAPTER 14 EDUCATION

Secondary Education, Orissa, Cuttack were Dhenkanal has been constructed and that of
felicitated by the Hon’ble Chief Minister of Puri, Keonjhar and Kandhamal are in
Orissa on the occasion of the celebration of progress.
Independence Day.
14.39 For organization of sports and Games,
COMPUTER EDUCATION IN HIGH there is the Centrally air-conditioned J.N.
SCHOOLS
Indoor Stadium at Cuttack having facilities of
14.37 To popularize Computer knowledge in
indoor activities, Kalinga Stadium Sports
High Schools, the Department have engaged
complex with synthetic track facilities at
computer firms in the job. So far, computer
Bhubaneswar & Sports comply at Berhampur
education has been taken up in 829 High
with floodlight. Basket ball / Volley ball court
Schools and Board of Secondary Education
Stadium at different districts have been
has included computer education as an
constructed in addition to construction of 22
optional subject in Secondary level
utility stadium at different districts / subdivision
Curriculum.
levels, which are under construction. The
Gymnasium-cum-Indoor Halls at various
PROMOTION OF SPORTS
districts Headquarters have been constructed
14.38 For promotion of Games, & Sports, to
to provide facilities for coaching and
encourage young mass in the field of youth
competitions for the students.
services of Orissa Government have
implemented various schemes. The sports
HIGHER EDUCATION
policy of the State envisages spotting and
14.40 The Department of Higher Education
nurturing of talent among students from the
of the State looks after education at
age of nine years upwards, providing sports
University, Post Graduate, Graduate and
infrastructure, arranging competitions and
Higher Secondary level. It also provides
promoting youth activities. In order to provide
Vocational Education, promotes professional
intensive coaching to students reading in
courses and provides grant to institutes for
Classes V to X and to enable them to
developmental studies.
participate in national level sports
competitions, 6 Sports Hostels have been 14.41 The Council of Higher Secondary
established in the State. Besides above, Education, Orissa was established in 1982 to
Sports Authority of India (SAI) has inculcated regulate, control and develop higher
a scheme “Sports Projects Development secondary education in the State. As per
Area” to provide facilities to Boys / Girls to recommendation in the National Policy on
receive training. The SPDA centre at Education, 1986, +2 wing of all Government

ECONOMIC SURVEY 14/15

CHAPTER 14 EDUCATION

Colleges of the State have been separated different streams. The overall percentage of
from 2001-02 with the facilities for Higher success stood at 64.19%. The percentage of
Secondary Education in 1,112 General girls stood at 66%.Fig.14.8 and Fig.14.9
Colleges including 48 Government Colleges. reflect the results of higher secondary
Table 14.9 depicts the enrolment and the education under CHSE and stream wise
result of the Higher Secondary Examination results of HSC under CHSE form the year
conducted by Council of Higher Secondary 2002 to 2006.
Education (CHSE) from 2002 to 2006 in

Table 14.9
Results of Higher Secondary Education under CHSE.
Enrolment and Examination Results at Higher Secondary Level.
Sl Year / Stream No. of students Percentage
of success
No Enrolled Appeared Passed
1 2 3 4 5 6
1. 2002
a. Arts 1,29,576 1,24,205 66,043 53.17
b. Science 54,024 52,565 27,106 51.57
c. Commerce 13,464 13,134 7,771 59.17
Total 1,97,064 1,89,904 1,00,920 53.14
2. 2003
a. Arts 1,01,096 96,683 55,577 57.48
b. Science 46,423 45,389 27,036 59.57
c. Commerce 11,883 11,655 7,128 61.16
Total 1,59,402 1,53,727 89,741 58.38
3. 2004
a. Arts 1,03,613 1,00,090 79,393 79.32
b. Science 44,151 43,388 33,189 76.49
c. Commerce 12,695 12,500 9,803 78.42
Total 1,60,459 1,55,978 1,22,385 78.46
4. 2005
a. Arts 106745 103320 72988 70.64
b. Science 42988 42322 30119 71.17
c. Commerce 12208 12083 9055 74.94
Total 161941 157725 112162 71.11
5. 2006
a. Arts 109237 105600 64288 60.87
b. Science 46507 45561 31389 70.37
c. Commerce 12245 12102 9143 76.65
Total 167989 163263 104812 64.19

Source: Council of Higher Secondary Education, Orissa.

ECONOMIC SURVEY 14/16

CHAPTER 14 EDUCATION

Fig.14.8 Results of Higher Table – 14.10

Secondary Education under Results of Higher Secondary Education
90 CHSE. conducted by CBSE / ICSE in Orissa.
80

appeared
Students

Students
passed
Total schools

% of success
70
In percentage.

60

Year
50

64.19
71.11
78.46
58.38
53.14

Total

Total
Girls

Girls
40

30
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
20
Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE)
10 2001 51 2172 867 1772 718 81.6
0 2002 54 2676 1108 2140 872 80
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2003 58 2859 1127 2266 925 79.3
Percentage of success 2004 62 3165 1267 2660 1068 84
2005 65 3289 1296 2786 1101 84.7
2006 72 3686 1526 3309 1377 89.8
Indian School Certificate Examination (ISCE)
Fig.14.9 Stream w ise results of 2001 15 840 325 745 283 88.7
HSE under CHSE. 2002 16 973 398 889 368 91.4
90 2003 16 1069 400 976 370 91.3
2004 18 1069 403 983 375 91.9
80
2005 20 1178 475 1071 441 90.9
70 2006 21 1262 498 1141 463 90.4
60
50
14.43 At the time of independence, there
40
30 was only one University in the State to cater
20
the needs of University education. Total
10
0 number of colleges was only 12 with an
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
A rts Science Co mmerce
enrollment of 4,104. But the situations after
independence have changed rapidly and at

14.42 Besides the above, 93 number of present 9 universities are functioning in the

schools affiliated to CBSE/ ICSE are providing State. Steps are being taken for establishment

+2 standard educations in the state. During of the proposed National Law University

2006, 4,948 students including 2,024 girls during the current year.

appeared the I.Sc. (Class-XII) examination,

14.44 By the end of 2005-06, 96 Govt.
out of which 4,450 including 1,840 girl
Colleges and 488 aided colleges are
students came out successful reflecting 90%
functioning in the State. Out of these 49 were
success. The percentage of success among
Jr. Govt colleges and 233 were +2 aided
the students under ICSE & CBSE courses is
colleges.
much higher than the CHSE, Orissa. Table
14.10 shows the results of class – XII 14.45 153 Sanskrit colleges comprising 3
examination conducted by CBSE & ICSE. Govt. Colleges, 22 Aided colleges and 128
Non-Govt. Un-Aided Sanskrit colleges were

ECONOMIC SURVEY 14/17

CHAPTER 14 EDUCATION

functioning in the State. Besides, 34 Law Council (NAAC) an autonomous institution of

Colleges were also functioning in the State UGC is working on continuous quality
out of which 4 were Govt. Law Colleges. maintenance in educational institutions by the
Post Graduate courses in 25 Govt. colleges process of Assessment and Accreditation.
are being provided so far. The Department of Higher Education with the
financial assistance of NAAC had organized
14.46 The State has 9 universities namely -
cluster orientation programme on NAAC
Utkal University, Sambalpur University,
accreditation in 6 Autonomous colleges during
Berhampur University, North Orissa
2004-05. As a result, around 51 colleges got
University, Fakir Mohan University, Sri
accredited during February 2006. NAAC have
Jagannath Sanskrit University, Orissa
so far accredited three universities viz Utkal
University of Agriculture and Technology,
University, Berhampur University, Sambalpur
Utkal University of Culture and Biju Pattanaik
University and 67 other colleges in the State.
University of Technology. Apart from these
Universities, it is proposed to open an Adivasi 14.49 In order to improve the quality of
University at Koraput to expand higher education as well as to maintain a healthy
education in tribal districts of Southern Orissa educational atmosphere the following
and to establish the Orissa State Open measures have been adopted.
University.
In order to develop harmony, uniformity,
coordination and discipline among the
14.47 With a view to promoting academic students, uniform dress code has been
introduced.
excellence, autonomous status has been
conferred to 20 Government colleges and 6 Uniform academic calendar has been
formulated.
Non-Govt. aided colleges. Out of which,
University Grant Commission (UGC) have Private tuition by Government and Non-
Govt. (aided) college teachers has been
identified Ravenshaw College, Cuttack, banned and attractive remedial classes
have been introduced for clarification of
Government College, Bhawanipatna and G.M. doubts of students.
College, Sambalpur as Centre of Potential
Efforts are being taken for introduction of
Excellence (CPE) for which they are entitled E-education in all educational institutions.
for special financial assistance from UGC. In order to lessen the burden from the
students, instead of conducting one
14.48 Universities and autonomous colleges examination for two years syllabi by
CHSE, 1st year Examination will be
play a vital role for promoting academic conducted by the colleges for the syllabi of
1st year.
excellence in the field of Higher Education.
National Assessment and Accreditation Govt. have decided to setup a committee
for examining the possibility of supplying

ECONOMIC SURVEY 14/18

CHAPTER 14 EDUCATION

the copy of answer scripts to students with National Integration Camp & Republic Day
a view to maintaining transparency in
valuation system. Camp etc. The State Government in principle
have decided to open new NCC units
A new Cadre rule is being prepared.
including Air Squad Unit at Koraput & Girls
For providing promotional avenues to the
Jr. Lecturers of Govt. colleges. Battalion NCC at Sambalpur. Approval of
Govt. of India is awaited. The Cadets in
14.50 National Service Scheme (NSS) is a
addition to NCC activities are also involved in
Centrally Sponsored Scheme being
Social Welfare activities like plantation,
implemented in nine Universities and Council
sanitation and awareness generation
of Higher Secondary Education in the State
programme on HIV-Aids etc.
with joint funding of Government of India and
State Government on 75:25 basis. The 14.52 Various schemes for award of
scheme envisages personality development of Scholarship to the meritorious students of
Volunteers through community service and colleges and Universities have been
the Units have taken up various Social welfare continued by the State Government during
activities, which include plantation, sanitation, 2005-06. A new scheme “National Merits
water conservation etc. During 2005-06, Scholarship has been introduced by the
about 0.90 lakh volunteers were enrolled Ministry of HRD, Govt. of India and about 637
under NSS. These volunteers were actively students have so far been awarded under
involved in Total Sanitation Campaign and Junior / Senior / P.G. Merits scholarship and
also organized motivation drive for enrollment 826 students have been awarded under Merit-
of children in Schools and under taken various cum-Means Scholarship. To encourage the
programmes of national importance. During meritous girl students, 18 nos. of Scholarship
2005-06 one Programme Officer and two have been awarded during 2005-06 for
Volunteers have received Indira Gandhi Technical, Professional and Management
National Award. Besides, three Programme studies both inside and out side the State.
Officers, three Units and Seven Volunteers For development of Sanskrit and Hindi
have received the State NSS Award. Studies, Scholarships have been awarded to
2,163 and 110 students respectively.
14.51 NCC is being promoted in the State
Besides, Rs.1.20 crore has been sanctioned
jointly by Government of India & State
under loan stipend scheme.
Government. At present 45,600 students have
been enrolled under NCC. The Cadets of our 14.53 The State Government provide
State have taken part in National Level Development Grants and Special
Camps such as Annual Training Camp, Development Grants to Utkal University,

ECONOMIC SURVEY 14/19

CHAPTER 14 EDUCATION

Berhampur University, Sambalpur University, out of which 156 were functional. All these
and Shree Jagannath Sanskrit schools are operated in either Govt./ non-
Viswavidyalaya, Puri for the posts created Govt. colleges or Govt. High schools. An
under State Plan for developmental activities amount of Rs.1.95 crore has been proposed
and towards the State Share for UGC in the annual plan, 2006-07 for the Directorate
assisted building projects. An outlay of of Vocational Education, 3 Regional offices
Rs.25.00 lakh has been proposed towards the and 231 Higher Secondary Vocational
development grant, including non-salary schools.
grants for Sri Jagannath Sanskrit
TEACHERS EDUCATION AND TRAINING
Viswavidyalaya during 2006-07. Orissa
14.55 At present four Government Training
University of Agriculture and Technology
Colleges, six Colleges of Teachers' Education
(OUAT), which is assisted under the
(CTEs) and three Institutes of Advanced
agriculture budget, is also provided grants in
Study in Education (IASEs) are functioning in
the education budget to conduct higher
the State with intake capacity of 1152 viz 36
secondary and +3 courses in Science and
seats for M.Phil., 96 seats for M.Ed. and 1020
postgraduate course in Microbiology. For this
seats for B.Ed. courses. Besides, there were
purpose, a sum of Rs.80.00 lakh has been
thirteen District Institutes of Education and
proposed for the year 2006-07.
Training (DIETs) with intake capacity of 650
VOCATIONAL EDUCATION trainees to provide training to mass education
14.54 A Centrally Sponsored Plan scheme instructors and supervisors. The Government
for vocational education at the higher of India have sanctioned 4 new DIETs to be
secondary stage was introduced in the State established in the districts of Rayagada,
from 1988-89. Since 1995-96 the scheme was Gajpati, Baragarh and Puri. In addition to
transferred to State Plan due to non- these, Govt. of India have also upgraded 7
availability of Central assistance. Its aim is to Govt. ST schools to the status of DIET in
impart education at Higher secondary stage to Nawarangpur, Kendrapara, Jagatsingpur,
create skilled human resources who can be Bhadrak, Nayagarh, Angul & Cuttack and 6
self-employed or optional jobs in Govt. DRCs in the districts of Deogarh, Nuapada,
/Private sectors. Government have created a Sonepur, Boudh,Jharsuguda & Malkangiri
separate Directorate and three Regional during the 10th plan period. There are 50
Offices of Vocational Education located at Govt., Secondary Training Schools also
Bhubaneswar, Berhampur & Sambalpur. The functioning in the State. The State Council of
Govt. have approved 231 vocational schools, Educational Research and Training (SCERT)

ECONOMIC SURVEY 14/20

CHAPTER 14 EDUCATION

oversee activities relating to qualitative 14.57 Biju Pattnaik University of Technology

improvement in school education through (BPUT) has been set up and started
projects and studies that receive assistance functioning in the State since July, 2002. The
from UNICEF, NCERT and Government of aim of the university is to bring about
India. improvement in the quality of education
through uniform course curriculum, curriculum
TECHNICAL EDUCATION
development, research and uniform pattern of
14.56 Owing to the emerging need of the
examination system for the whole State. At
State for rapid high-tech agro- industrial
present 5 government engineering colleges
development by exploiting the diverse natural
and 38 private engineering colleges are
resources, it has become imperative to
functioning under this university and imparting
generate a stock of highly technically skilled
teaching in 19 different faculties with intake
manpower. This in turn has necessitated to
capacity of 15,467 students. The Regional
bring about sustainable improvement in the
Engineering College, Rourkela with intake
overall quality and growth of technical
capacity of 360 students has been declared
education. Keeping this in view, subjects such
as National Institute of Technology with
as Information Technology, Electronics &
deemed university status under the control of
Computer Application, Metallurgy, Chemical
MHRD, Government of India with effect from
Engineering, Pharmacy, Biotechnology etc.
1.4.2003. Besides, it has been proposed to
have been introduced in different institutions.
upgrade one of the existing Government
Technical education in the State is imparted at
Autonomous Engineering College of the State
various levels through Engineering Colleges,
to the Status of IIT.
Engineering Schools, Polytechnics, Industrial
Training Institutes (ITIs), Industrial Training 14.58 In the Government sector, there are 13
Centres (ITCs) and even some general Engineering Schools including the Film &
colleges and universities. The Directorate of Television Institute of Orissa and 4
Technical Education and Training (DTET) polytechnics with intake capacity of 9,780
functions as the nodal agency to plan and students. These institutions offer diploma
implement technical education programmes in courses in both engineering and non-
the State and to maintain liaison with the engineering disciplines as per the guidelines,
State Council of Technical Education, norms and standards prescribed by the All-
Universities in the State, and national level India Council for Technical Education
technical institutions and agencies. (AICTE), New-Delhi. Out of the above
institutions, four are women Polytechnics

ECONOMIC SURVEY 14/21

CHAPTER 14 EDUCATION

located at Rourkela, Dhenkanal, making, weaving, bleaching and dyeing.

Bhubaneswar and Berhampur with an intake Besides, there are 174 private ITIs with intake
capacity of 670. In addition to the above capacity of 22,847 students functioning in
institutions, 21 private Polytechnics / different parts of the State. Thus, 198 ITIs /
Engineering Schools with intake capacity of ITCs were functioning in the State with intake
4885 students were engaged in imparting capacity of 26,723 students during 2005-06.
technical education. The total intake capacity
14.60 In the field of medical science, the
of these 38 Engineering Schools /
State has three medical colleges, one dental
Polytechnics is 9,780. There are 29 colleges
college in the Govt. sector with intake capacity
in the State to provide Master Degree course
of 321 and 20 respectively. In private sector
in Computer Application (MCA) with intake
there is one medical college and one dental
capacity of 1,481 students. Out of these 29
college with intake capacity of 100 and 60
colleges, 9 are in Government sector with
respectively. Besides, one Govt. Pharmacy
intake capacity of 262 students and 20 in
college, and one nursing college with intake
Private sector with intake capacity of 1,219
capacity of 80 and 32 pharmacy college and 7
students. Besides, 19 Colleges including 2
nursing college with intake capacity of 1990
Govt., Collages are providing MBA course in
are also functioning in the State. In addition
the State with 1237 intake capacity.
to these, 17 nursing schools with intake
14.59 The Craftsman Training Scheme has capacity of 490 seats are also imparting
been introduced in the State since 1959 to nursing courses during 2005-06.
ensure a steady flow of skilled workers in
ORISSA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE
different trades to meet the requirement of
AND TECHNOLOGY (OUAT)
industries and to promote self-employment
14.61 The Orissa University of Agriculture &
among the educated youth. There are 24
Technology (OUAT) which is the second
Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs) and
oldest Agriculture University in the country
Industrial Training Centres (ITCs) with a total
having been established in 1962 with two
intake capacity of 3,876 students in
colleges, has made impressive record of
Government sector in the State. These ITIs
producing technical professionals, developing
and ITCs impart training in 38 designated
solutions to the problems in agriculture and
trades in one-year and two-year courses. Out
allied activities through research. The
of the 24 Government ITIs / ITCs, 10 are
University has developed a strong research
exclusively meant for women trainees and
base for generation of technology capable of
cover trades like stenography, tailoring, dress
improving productivity, stability, profitability

ECONOMIC SURVEY 14/22

CHAPTER 14 EDUCATION

and sustainability of the major farming 7 Commodity Research Stations and 13

systems under varied agro-climatic situations Adoptive Research Stations spreading across
of the State. Besides, human resource the State. The mega projects like DBT Bio
development and technology generation resource complex in Puri district and Niche
assessment, refinement and dissemination of Area of Excellence Management of Acid Soils
latest technologies are being achieved for sustainable crop production have been
through functioning of Krishi Vigyan Kendras. made operational in this university through
Distance Education Programmes, production external assistance. The university has so far
& distribution of farm literature are also being released 106 high yielding crop varieties i.e.
conducted. 50 in rice, 13 in Oil seeds, crops, 13 in
vegetables, 7 in pulses, 8 in spices and 15 in
14.62 Presently the university is imparting
other crops which are being cultivated in the
education in seven colleges on Agriculture,
State. To cater the needs of the Department
Horticulture, Veterinary and Animal Sciences,
of Agriculture, Horticulture, State Seed
Fisheries, Forestry, Agril. Engineering, Home
Corporation and farmers of the State, the
Science and Basic Science and Humanities.
university owns responsibility of producing
The annual intake, capacity of seven colleges
breeder, foundation and certified seeds in
and centre of post graduate studies of the
various fields, horticultural crops, seeds,
university is 1318. During the year 2005-06
sapling of fruits, plantation crops and forest
the Orissa University of Agriculture &
species. During 2005-06, 17,559 qtls breeder
Technology (OUAT) has produced 322
seeds, 1219 qtls Foundation seeds, 56.85qtls
graduates and 137 post graduates in
certified seeds of different crops, 3.29 lakh
agriculture and allied disciplines. Thus, the
seedlings and 1.81 lakh plantation materials
University could meet the bulk of the trained
were produced and distributed to
manpower needs of the State in agriculture
farmers/Govt. organizations / NGOs. Other
and allied sectors.
achievements of OUAT during 2005-06
14.63 In the field of research, the University include: -
has made significant contribution in the areas Front line demonstrations on different
crops including pulses and oil seeds
of crop improvement, crop production, natural conducted on different technologies in the
resource management, crop protection, post- field of agriculture and allied sectors
involving 5,513 farmers in 23 districts of
harvest technology in agriculture and allied the State.
sector like Veterinary, Fishery and Forestry With a view to empower the farmers, farm
women and rural youth with knowledge
Sciences. There are 8 Regional Research
and skill in farm technology, 929 training
Technology Transfer Stations, 4 sub stations, programmes were conducted covering
16890 beneficiaries.

ECONOMIC SURVEY 14/23

CHAPTER 14 EDUCATION

EXPENDITURE ON GENERAL EDUCATION Fig.14.10 Revenue expenditure on

general education in Orissa.
14.64 Table 14.10 and Fig.14.10 reflects the 700
revenue expenditure on general education 600
(i.e. education up to postgraduate level in 500
non-technical institutions) in the State from 400

592.45
585.70
In Rs.

509.05
458.27

490.35
464.30

483.38
the year 2000-01 to 2006-07. 300

Table 14.10 200

Revenue Expenditure on
100
General Education in Orissa.
Expenditure Per capita 0
Year (Rs. in expenditure 2000- 2001- 2002- 2003- 2004- 2005- 2006-
crore) (In Rs.) 01 02 03 04 05 06 07
1 2 3 Per captia expenditure (In Rs.)
2000-01 1696.29 464.30
2001-02 1694.26 458.27
2002-03 1837.01 490.35
2003-04 1833.94 483.38
2004-05 1954.76 509.05
2005-06 ( R .E.) 2278.36 585.70
2006-07 (B.E.) 2328.35 592.45
RE: Revised Estimates / BE: Budget Estimates
Source: Annual Financial Statement M.H. No. 2202

ECONOMIC SURVEY 14/24