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General Physics 1 Module 1

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62 views81 pages

General Physics 1 Module 1

Uploaded by

insection2006
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Significant figures (or significant digits) are the


number of digits in a given value or a measurement,
necessary to decide the accuracy and precision of
measurement.

0300 --------- 1 significant figure


33000 ------- 2 significant figures
020.00 ------ 4 significant figures
Rules for Significant Figures
Rules for Significant Figures
(1) All non-zero digits are significant.

652.1 miles – 4 significant figures


3.4 inches – 2 significant figures

(2) All zeros in between non-zero digits are significant.


23.0041 – 6 significant figures
4005 feet – 4 significant figures
Rules for Significant Figures
(3) Zeros on the right of a decimal point and before (or to
the left of) the first non-zero digit are not significant. They
only represent the position of the decimal point.

0.0003 – 1 significant figure


0.00034 – 2 significant figures

Leading zeros are NOT significant


Rules for Significant Figures
(4) Zeros on the right of a decimal point are significant,
provided there is no non-zero digit after them.
37.00 – 4 significant figure
12.340 – 5 significant figures
0.004500 – 4 significant figures
25.600 – 5 significant figure
Trailing zeros to the right of the decimal ARE significant.
Rules for Significant Figures
(5) Zeros on the right of the last non-zero digit after a
decimal point are significant. So, final zeros or trailing zeros
in the decimal part are significant.

0.6500 – 4 significant figures


12.300 – 5 significant figures
25.600 – 5 significant figure
In Summary:
Identify the number of significant figures in the
following number.

1) 4250 6) 750.064080
2) 7080 7) 0.00450
3) 3050.0 8) 100
4) 0.00703 9) 102.05
5) 0.08060 10) 12.0005
Rounding Significant Figures
4.6 x 3.52 = 16.192

• Determine the least number of significant figure in the


problem that you solved.
4.6 x 3.52 = 16.192
Round to 2
significant figures
2 3

Answer: 16
Rounding Significant Figures
1) 5.64 x 12.458 = 70.26312
Answer: 70.3
5 = 70.3
3

2) 96.752 ÷ 3.541 = 27.32335498446766


= 27.32
5 4 Answer: 27.32
Scientific Notation is a way scientists compress
extremely large or small numbers into manageable
values widely understood by many.

Large Number: 123,000,000,000,000


Small Number: 0.0000000000000456
Large Number: 123,000,000,000,000
1.23×1014

Small Number: 0.0000000000000456

4.56×10 −14
Advantages of Scientific Notation:

1. It saves space, especially when handling extremely


large amounts of data using complicated formulae.

2. It allows for faster unit conversions.


Guidelines in writing Scientific Notation

1.23 × 106
4.5 × 108
5.6 × 10−4
Guidelines in writing Scientific Notation

7,890,000,000,000 = 7.89 × 1012


250,000,000 = 2.5 × 108
3,400,000,000 = 3.4 × 109
Guidelines in writing Scientific Notation

0.00000000021 = 2.1×10−10
0.00000000000789 = 7.89×10−12
0.00000123 = 1.23×10−6
Guidelines in writing Scientific Notation
1- 5. Express the following in scientific notation
6-10. Express the following in standard form

1) 0.000456 6) 5.2 x 10 3

2) 123,000 7) 9.65 x 10-4


3) 7,890,000 8) 8.5x 10-2

4) 0.0000123 9) 2.71 x 104

5) 20,000 10) 3.6 x 105


Definition of Terms
a. Variables refer to a set of data gathered and observed over
the experiment. There are several kinds of variables, each one
influencing the other.

b. Axes are the projections of the Cartesian plane that denote


and track changes within the observable period of the
experiment or research.
Definition of Terms

X-axis - horizontal part of the Cartesian plane that usually


represents the independent variable,

Y-axis - vertical part of the Cartesian plane that represents the


dependent variable
Definition of Terms

c. Curve - a linear representation of


the trend that the variables show.

d. Asymptote is a trend line that lies


exactly close to one of the axes, but
never touches it.
Definition of Terms

e. Cusp – a singular point on a


curve wherein a moving point starts
to move backward

f. Inflection Point – a point in a curve


wherein the curvature changes.
Definition of Terms

g. Maximum and Minimum - points


with the largest and smallest
values, respectively, along the
curve.
Kinds of Variable

1. Plotted on the Abscissa:

a. Independent - variation does not depend on the


outcome of the other.

b. Explanatory - variable that influences the outcome of


the other;
Kinds of Variable
2. Plotted on the Ordinate:

a. Dependent - usually plotted on the ordinate; variation


changes accordingly as the value of the independent
variable changes.

b. Response – variable that answers the question in the


study, and is influenced by explanatory variables
Kinds of Variable

3. Other Variables

a. Categorical – represented by various symbols on the


same coordinate system.

b. Lurking – hidden variables.


Types of Graphs
1. Time Series Graph

- displays data points


collected in a time
sequence.

- represent changes in the


y-axis as time passes
(which is represented by
the x-axis).
Types of Graphs
2. Scatter Plot

- uses dots to represent


values for two different
numeric variables.

- used to represent data


variance and shows the
relationship between one
variable to another
Types of Graphs

3. Histogram

- graph used to represent the


frequency of a given variable
spread over certain intervals.

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