PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT Freud's Three Levels of the Mind

( Sigmund Shlomo Freud )

1. Conscious mind: This is what you are aware of right now, like
Sigmund Shlomo Freud thinking, making decisions, and focusing on your current tasks.
2. Preconscious mind: This holds memories or information you
 Author of Personality
aren’t thinking about at the moment but can easily bring to
 an Austrian neurologist and the founder of
mind, like recalling a friend's name.
psychoanalysis 3. Unconscious mind: This is the hidden part of your mind
 which is studies how human behavior is where deep desires, fears, and forgotten memories are stored.
 determined by hidden/unconscious Even though you aren’t aware of it, it strongly influences your
desires. behavior and feelings.

1. Unconscious Mind These levels explain shape how we think, remember, and act
sometimes without even realizing why.

2. Personality

Freud proposed a model of the human mind,

composed of the structure of personality that a
person's behavior is the outcome of the
interactions among the three components:

 ID - irrational component of personality

- Freud compared the mind to an iceberg to show that most of
that seeks immediate satisfaction ,
our thoughts and feelings are hidden beneath our awareness.
desires ,
- This hidden part influences our behaviors and experiences
without us realizing it.
- emphasizes the importance of exploring the unconscious to
-operates in terms of the
better understand ourselves. PLEASURE PRINCIPLE

means that the experiences we have when we are young, especially in An example of the id is a toddler that wanted a second
our early years, can have a lasting impact on who we become us now. helping of a dessert and whined until it was given to them.
 come in first if they took a short cut. No one was
watching but the runner would feel guilty, so they
 EGO -The ego is the rational part of our personality decided not to take the short cut.
that deals with reality
our behavior reflects how well these three components
–The rational part that makes decisions work together, balancing our desires, reality, and moral
standards.
and balances desires with reality.
3. Psychosexual Development
- personality process that operates in terms of
the REALITY PRINCIPLE
Freud's psychosexual theory states five stages of
An example of the ego is someone who works out and is very human development:
sweaty. They need to change their clothes and want to change
in the car. They knew that anyone could see them changing their  Oral
clothes, so they decided to find another place to do so.
 Anal
 SUPEREGO -the part of the personality that is the
source of conscience and counteracts  phallic
the socially undesirable impulses o the
ID.  latency

–is the moral part of the personality  genital

and of high ideals that operates in
terms of a MORAL PRINCIPLE. These psychosexual stages capture the main
growth points of a person from infancy to adulthood
-The superego strives for perfection and focus on different facets of wants, needs, and
and judges our actions, making us feel desires.
guilty when we do something wrong.
During the five psychosexual stages, the
erogenous zone associated with each stage serves
An example of the superego is a cross country runner, as a source of pleasure.particularly responsive to
during a race, who knew they could cut their time and sexual stimulation.
 Libido refers to a person's sexual desire or sex During the anal stage, Freud believed that the
drive.or was described as the driving force behind primary focus of the Libido was on controlling
behavior. it’s how much you want to have feel bladder and bowel movements. The major conflict at
attracted to a person and can be influenced by this stage is toilet training the child has to learn to
factors like mood, hormones, and relationships. control their bodily needs. Developing this control
leads to a sense of accomplishment and
FIXATIONS Fixation, in simple terms, refers to independence.
getting stuck at a particular stage of development. In
Freud's theory of psychosexual development, it Fixation - If parents take an approach that is too l
happens when a person's needs at a certain stage enient, Freud suggested that an anal-
are not fully met or are overly satisfied. This can expulsive personality could develop in
affect their personality and behavior later in life. which the individual has a messy, wasteful,
or destructive personality.
ORAL STAGE
- If parents are too strict or begin toilet
Age Range: Birth to 1 Year training too early, Freud believed that
Erogenous Zone: Mouth an anal-retentive personality develops in
- During this time, infants derive pleasure and
which the individual is stringent, orderly, rigid,
satisfaction primarily through activities involving their
and obsessive.
mouth, such as sucking, biting, and exploring
objects orally. Positive experiences during this stage
can contribute to healthy emotional development. THE PHALLIC STAGE
Fixation - If fixation occurs at this stage Freud believed the
individual would have issues with dependency Age Range: 3 to 6 Years
or Agrresion Oral fixation can result in problems with Erogenous Zone: Genitals
drinking, overeating, smoking, or nail-biting. Freud suggested that during the phallic stage, the primary
focus of the libido is on the genitals. At this age, children
THE ANAL STAGE also begin to discover the differences between males and
females.
Age Range: 1 to 3 years The Oedipus complex - is a concept from Sigmund
Erogenous Zone: Bowel (toilet training) Freud that describes a child's feelings of love and desire
for their opposite-sex parent (like a boy loving his mother)
and jealousy or rivalry toward their same-sex parent (like a sex. This stage begins during puberty but last throughout
boy feeling competitive with his father). the rest of a person's life.
The Electra complex - is the female counterpart to The genital stage is characterized by the emergence of
the Oedipus complex in Freud’s theory of psychosexual mature sexual interests and the ability to form healthy
development. It describes a young girl's feelings of desire relationships. It marks the transition into adulthood, where
for her father and rivalry with her mother. individuals seek to balance their sexual and emotional
Fixation- might result in issues with authority, vanity, or needs with societal expectations.
Fixation - during the genital stage can lead to difficulties in
recklessness. Boys may face the Oedipus complex, and
intimacy, emotional instability, and the repetition of
girls may experience the Electra complex.
unhealthy patterns in relationships. It underscores the
importance of resolving earlier conflicts to achieve a
LATENCY STAGE
balanced and fulfilling adult life.
Age Range: 6 to Puberty
Erogenous Zone: Sexual Feelings Are Inactive

During this stage, the superego continues to

develop while the id's energies are suppressed.
Children develop social skills, values, and
relationships with peers and adults outside of the
family.

The development of the EGO and SUPEREGO contributes

to this period of calm. The stage begins around the time
that children enter school and become more concerned
with peer relationships, hobbies, and other interests.
Fixation - Freud believed that it was possible for children
to become fixated or "stuck" in this phase. at this stage can
result in immaturity and an inability to form fulfilling
relationships as an adult.

THE GENITAL STAGE

Age Range: Puberty to Death
Erogenous Zone: Maturing Sexual Interests
During the final stage of psychosexual development, the
individual develops a strong sexual interest in the opposite