Name: ___________________________________

Year and Section: __________

Chapter Exercise No. 2:

STRAIN AND DEFORMATION
1. A 4-mm-diameter steel wire, 3.2 m long, carries an axial tensile load P. Find the
maximum safe value of P if the allowable normal stress is 280 MPa and the elongation
of the wire is limited to 4 mm. Use E = 200 GPa.

2. The compound bar ABCD has a uniform cross-sectional area of 0:25 in2. When the
axial force P is applied, the length of the bar is reduced by 0.018 in. Determine the
magnitude of the force P. The moduli of elasticity are 29 x 106 psi for steel and 10 x
106 psi for aluminum.

3. The compound bar containing steel, bronze, and aluminum segments carries the axial
loads shown in the figure. The properties of the segments and the working stresses
are listed in the table.

Determine the maximum allowable value of P if the change in length of the entire bar
is limited to 0.08 in. and the working stresses are not to be exceeded.

4. A compound bar consisting of bronze, aluminum, and steel segments is loaded axially
as shown in the figure. Determine the maximum allowable value of P if the change in
length of the bar is limited to 2 mm and the working stresses prescribed in the table
are not to be exceeded.

5. The bar ABC is supported by a pin at A and a steel wire at B. Calculate the elongation
of the wire when the 36-lb horizontal force is applied at C. The cross-sectional area of
the wire is 0.0025 in2 and the modulus of elasticity of steel is 29 x 106 psi.

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6. The rigid bar AB is supported by two rods made of the same material. If the bar is
horizontal before the load P is applied, find the distance x that locates the position
where P must act if the bar is to remain horizontal. Neglect the weight of bar AB.

7. The rigid bar ABC is supported by a pin at A and a steel rod at B. Determine the largest
vertical load P that can be applied at C if the stress in the steel rod is limited to 35 ksi
and the vertical movement of end C must not exceed 0.12 in. Neglect the weights of
the members

8. The rigid bars ABC and CD are supported by pins at A and D and by a steel rod at B.
There is a roller connection between the bars at C. Compute the vertical displacement
of point C caused by the 50-kN load.

9. The structure in the figure is composed of two rigid bars (AB and CD) and two vertical
rods made of aluminum and steel. All connections are pin joints. Determine the
maximum force P that can be applied to the structure if the vertical displacement of
its point of application is limited to 6 mm. Neglect the weights of the members.

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10. The rigid bars AB and CD are supported by pins at A and D. The vertical rods are made
of aluminum and bronze. Determine the vertical displacement of the point where the
force P = 10 kips is applied. Neglect the weights of the members.

11. The figure shows the cross section of a circular steel tube that is filled with concrete
and topped with a rigid cap. Calculate the stresses in the steel and in the concrete
caused by the 200-kip axial load. Use Est = 29 x 106 psi and Eco = 3.5 x 106 psi.

12. A reinforced concrete column 200 mm in diameter is designed to carry an axial

compressive load of 320 kN. Determine the required cross-sectional area of the
reinforcing steel if the allowable stresses are 6 MPa for concrete and 120 MPa for
steel. Use Eco = 14 GPa and Est = 200 GPa.

13. The concrete column is reinforced by four steel bars of total cross-sectional area 1250
mm2. If the working stresses for steel and concrete are 180 MPa and 15 MPa,
respectively, determine the largest axial force P that can be safely applied to the
column. Use Est = 200 GPa and Eco = 24 GPa.

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14. Before the 400-kN load is applied, the rigid platform rests on two steel bars, each of
cross-sectional area 1400 mm2, as shown in the figure. The cross-sectional area of the
aluminum bar is 2800 mm2. Compute the stress in the aluminum bar after the 400-
kN load is applied. Use E = 200 GPa for steel and E = 70 GPa for aluminum. Neglect
the weight of the platform.

15. The homogeneous bar with a cross-sectional area of 600 mm 2 is attached to rigid
supports. The bar carries the axial loads P1 = 20 kN and P2 = 60 kN, as shown.
Determine the stress in segment BC.

16. The composite bar, firmly attached to unyielding supports, is initially stress-free.
What maximum axial load P can be applied if the allowable stresses are 10 ksi for
aluminum and 18 ksi for steel?

17. The steel rod is stress-free before the axial loads P1 = 150 kN and P2 = 90 kN are
applied to the rod. Assuming that the walls are rigid, calculate the axial force in each
segment after the loads are applied. Use E = 200 GPa.

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18. The two vertical rods attached to the rigid bar are identical except for length. Before
the 6600-lb weight was attached, the bar was horizontal. Determine the axial force in
each bar caused by the application of the weight. Neglect the weight of the bar.

19. The rigid bar of negligible weight is pinned at O and attached to two vertical rods.
Assuming that the rods were initially stress-free, what is the largest load P that can
be applied without exceeding stresses of 150 MPa in the steel rod and 70 MPa in the
bronze rod?

20. The horizontal bar ABC is supported by a pin at A and two rods with identical cross-
sectional areas. The rod at B is steel and the rod at C is aluminum. Neglecting the
weight of the bar, determine the force in each rod when the force P = 10 kips is
applied. Use Est = 29 x 106 psi and Eal = 10 x 106 psi.

Answers
1. 3140 N
2. 2440 lb
3. 3000 lb
4. 18.0 kN

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5. 0.0497 in
6. 2.50 ft
7. 5800 lb
8. 2.81 mm
9. 59.90 kN
10. 0.00115 in
11. σst = 24 040 psi; σco = 2900 psi
12. 1650 mm2
13. 1075 kN
14. 16.30 MPa
15. 25.9 MPa (T)
16. 42.2 kips
17. PCD = 148.7 kN (T); PBC = 58.7 kN (T); PAB = 91.3 kN (C)
18. PA = 4500 lb; PB = 6000 lb
19. 107.4 kN
20. Pst = 6370 lb; Pal = 5130 lb

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