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Digital and Programmable Logic Circuits

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14 views42 pages

Digital and Programmable Logic Circuits

Uploaded by

engheshamwael18
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Digital and Programmable

Logic Circuits

Dr. Mostafa Khalil Mohamed


Electrical Power and Machines Engineering Department
Faculty of Engineering – Helwan University
Programmable Logic Controllers PLC

• Introduction
• Basic components of PLC system
• Classification of PLC
• PLC connections
• Principle of operation
• Advantages and disadvantages of PLC
• PLC selection guidelines
Programmable logic controllers were
originally designed to replace relay-based
control systems, solid-state and hard-
Introduction wired logic control panels. However, the
modern programmable controller’s system
is far more complex and powerful.
A digitally operating electronic device
which uses a programming memory for the
PLC Definition internal storage of instructions and for
implementing specific functions such as
(according to NEMA logic, sequencing, timing, counting and
standard ICS3-1978) arithmetic to control through digital or
analog modules, various types of machines
or process.
PLC Siemens
PLC Schneider
Basic
components
of PLC system
What are PLC Inputs?
• Switches and Pushbuttons
• Sensing Devices
• Limit Switches
• Photoelectric Sensors
• Proximity Sensors
• Condition Sensors
• Pressure Switches
• Level Switches
• Temperature Switches
• Vacuum Switches
• Float Switches
• Encoders
What are PLC Outputs?

• Valves
• Motor Starters
• Solenoids
• Actuators
• Control Relays
• Horns & Alarms
• Stack Lights
• Fans
• Pumps
• Printers
PLC Applications
• Conveyor systems • Room temperature control
• Elevators and escalators • Heating/cooling system control
• Robotics • Energy management
• Metalworking machinery • Fire protection systems
• Mixing systems • Air conditioning
• Freshwater treatment plants • Lighting control
• Wastewater treatment plants • Pump control
• Electricity distribution stations • Car parking control
Classification of PLC

PLC

Analog PLC Digital PLC

Compact PLC Modular PLC


Compact
PLC
Compact PLC Unit with Expansion Module
Siemens
S7-1200 with
Expansion
modules
Modular PLC
Input Scan – Detects the
Program Scan – Executes
state of all input devices
the user created
that are connected to
program logic
the PLC
PLC
Principle of
operation Output Scan – Energizes
Housekeeping – Includes
communicating with
or de-energizes all
programming devices
output devices that are
and performing internal
connected to the PLC
diagnostics
Principle of
operation
PLC Inputs connection

Typical
DC input circuit
of PLC
PLC Inputs connection

Typical AC/DC input circuit to PLC


PLC Input connection
PLC Output connection

PLC Relay output unit.


Basic forms of transistor output:
(a) current sinking, (b) current sourcing
PLC Triac output unit
PLC Inputs/Outputs connection
Typical PLC input/output wiring diagram
1. Increased reliability , flexibility and accuracy.
2. Easier to troubleshoot.
3. Easier modifications.
Advantages of 4. Less and simple wiring.
PLC 5. Remote control capability.
6. Communication Capability.
7. Handles much more complicated systems.
1. Initial cost is high.
2. Increase unemployment rate.
3. To maximize PLC performance a number of
Disadvantages Optional Modules must be added.
of PLC 4. PLC devices are proprietary it means that
part or software of one manufacturer can’t be
used in combination with parts of another
manufacturer.
PLC Selection Guidelines
PLC selection criteria consists of:
1. System (task) requirements.
2. Application requirements.
3. Electrical requirements.
4. Speed of operation.
5. Communication requirements.
6. Software.
7. Operator interface.
8. Physical environments
PLC Selection Guidelines

1. System (task) requirements.


The starting point in determining any solution must be
to understand what is to be achieved. The program
design starts with breaking down the task into a
number of simple understandable elements, each of
which can be easily described.
2. Application requirements.
• What input/output capacity is required?
• What type of inputs/outputs are required?
• What size of memory is required?
• What speed is required of the CPU?
3. Electrical requirements.
The electrical requirements for inputs, outputs, and
system power; When determining the electrical
requirements of a system, consider three items:
• Incoming power (power for the control system);
• Input device voltage; and
• Output devices voltage and current.
4. Speed of operation.
How fast the control system must operate (speed of operation).
When determining speed of operation, consider these points:
• How fast does the process occur or machine operate?
• Are there “time critical” operations or events that must be
detected?
• In what time frame, must the fastest action occur (input device
detection to output device activation)?
• Does the control system need to count pulses from an encoder
or flow-meter and respond quickly?
5. Communication requirements.
Communication involves sharing application data or status
with another electronic device, such as a computer or a
monitor in an operator’s station. Communication can take
place locally through a twisted-pair wire, or remotely via
telephone or radio modem.
6. Software.

7. Operator interface.
If the system needs operator control or interaction. In order to
convey information about machine or process status, or to
allow an operator to input data, many applications require
operator interfaces. Traditional operator interfaces include
pushbuttons, pilot lights and LED numeric display. Electronic
operator interface devices display messages about machine
status in descriptive text, display part count and track alarms.
Also, they can be used for data input.
8. Physical environments
The physical environment in which the control system will
be located. Consider the environment where the control
system will be located. In harsh environments, house the
control system in an appropriate IP-rated enclosure.
Remember to consider accessibility for maintenance,
troubleshooting or reprogramming.

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