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Group 4 Ethernet Switching Cisco

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Shieghjazzejhane Falcutila
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33 views19 pages

Group 4 Ethernet Switching Cisco

Uploaded by

Shieghjazzejhane Falcutila
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ETHERNET SWITCHING

GROUP 4
GROUP MEMBERS:

Comia, Claire Chloe B.


Mota, Zeus Meynard M.
Faner, Shiena Kae
Sison, Riegel Jan C.
What is Ethernet Switching?
• Ethernet switching is a method of directing data
traffic within a local area network (LAN).

• It involves the use of devices called switches,


which connect various devices like computers,
printers, and servers to the network, ensuring
efficient communication between them.

• In Ethernet switching, when data is sent from one


device to another, the switch reads the data packet’s
destination MAC (Media Access Control) address and
sends the packet directly to the device with that
address.
Ethernet Frame
• An Ethernet frame is a structured unit of data used for
communication over Ethernet networks. It encapsulates
the data being transmitted between devices, like
computers or switches, and ensures that the data is
delivered correctly from the source to the destination.
• Ethernet frames are fundamental in how devices on a
network send and receive data.
Structures of Ethernet Frame
• Preamble (7 bytes): This part helps synchronize communication between the
sending and receiving devices. It is a sequence of alternating 1s and 0s that
signals the start of a frame.
• Start of Frame Delimiter (1 byte): A specific pattern (10101011) that
indicates the beginning of the actual frame data.
• Destination MAC Address (6 bytes): The unique MAC address of the device
that should receive the data.
• Source MAC Address (6 bytes): The MAC address of the device that is
sending the data.
• EtherType/Length (2 bytes): This field can either specify the type of protocol
used (e.g., IPv4, IPv6, ARP) or the length of the payload. It’s used to determine
how to process the frame.
• Payload (46 to 1500 bytes): The actual data being transmitted (e.g., a portion
of a file or a web page). This can be anywhere between 46 and 1500 bytes
long, depending on the size of the data being sent. If the data is smaller than
46 bytes, padding is added to meet the minimum frame size.
• Frame Check Sequence (4 bytes): This part contains a cyclic redundancy
check (CRC) value, used to verify that the frame has not been corrupted during
transmission. If an error is detected, the frame is discarded, and the data is
resent.
Ethernet MAC Address
• Ethernet technology relies on MAC addresses to
function. MAC addresses are used to identify the frame
source and destination.

• A MAC address (short for medium access control


address) is a unique identifier assigned to a
network interface controller (NIC) for use as a
network address in communications within a
network segment.
Types of MAC addresses
• Unicast Address
Is another name for MAC address or an Ethernet Address.
Every MAC address represent a single NIC in the world;
hence, it is called Unicast (Unique) Global Address.

• Broadcast Address
Meaning to everyone – Frames sent using this address
should be delivered, received, and processed by all
devices on the Ethernet LAN or VLAN.
Types of MAC addresses
• Multicast Address
To a specific group – Frames sent using Multicast
Ethernet address will be copied and forwarded to a subset
of devices on the LAN that volunteers to receive such
frames which sent to a specific multicast address – for
specific group only and NOT to everyone.
Key Feature of MAC Address
• Uniqueness: Every network device, such as a computer,
smartphone, or network printer, has its own MAC address,
ensuring that no two devices on the same network have the
same address. This is important for directing traffic accurately

• Hardware-based: The MAC address is embedded in the


device's network interface card (NIC) by the manufacturer
and is usually permanent (though it can sometimes be
modified).

• Layer 2 Operation: The MAC address operates at the Data


Link Layer (Layer 2) of the OSI model. It’s used by switches
and other network devices to deliver data to the correct
destination on a local network.
The MAC Address Table
• The MAC address table (or forwarding table)
is maintained by Ethernet switches. It maps
MAC addresses to specific switch ports. When
a switch receives a frame, it examines the
destination MAC address, looks it up in the
table, and forwards the frame to the
corresponding port. This improves network
efficiency by reducing unnecessary traffic.
Switch Speeds and Forwarding
Methods
Switches can operate at different speeds, often
measured in Mbps or Gbps.
The forwarding methods include:
1. Store-and-Forward: The switch receives the
entire frame, checks for errors (using FCS), and
then forwards it. This method ensures error-free
data transmission but may introduce latency.
Switch Speeds and Forwarding
Methods

2. Cut-Through: The switch begins forwarding the


frame as soon as it reads the destination MAC
address. This method reduces latency but does not
check for errors until the frame is received.
Switch Speeds and Forwarding
Methods
3. Fragment-Free: This is a compromise between
store-and-forward and cut-through. The switch
reads the first 64 bytes of the frame before
forwarding it, allowing it to check for collision
fragments.
THANK YOU

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