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Artificial Intelligence

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104 views31 pages

Artificial Intelligence

Uploaded by

Yusra Mohammed Maatug
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Artificial Intelligence

EC558
Introduction:
➢ This course provides an introduction to the field of Artificial
Intelligence (AI).
➢ It covers the foundational concepts, algorithms, and techniques
used in AI, including problem-solving, search algorithms,
knowledge representation, machine learning, and natural
language processing.
➢ Students will gain hands-on experience with AI tools and
frameworks and learn about the ethical implications of AI
technologies.
OUTLINE:

● Introduction to Artificial Intelligence


● Problem-Solving and Search Algorithms
● Knowledge Representation and Reasoning
● Machine Learning Fundamentals
○ Supervised Learning Algorithms
○ Unsupervised Learning Algorithms
OUTLINE:

● Neural Networks and Deep Learning


● Natural Language Processing (NLP)
● Reinforcement Learning
● AI Ethics and Future Directions
Course evaluation

25% Midterm
20 % Quizzes and Assignments
10 % Presentation ( Case Study or specific topic)
5 % Peer Evaluation
40% Final Exam
You can use either Matlab or Python for programming
assignments
Definition of AI
Definition of AI
❖ AI is the simulation of human intelligence done by machines
programmed by humans.
❖ The machines need to learn how to reason and do some
self-correction as needed along the way.
❖ Artificial intelligence addresses the use of computers to mimic
the cognitive functions of humans. When machines carry out
tasks based on algorithms in an “intelligent” manner
History of AI
A brief history of AI
Types of AI
1. Narrow AI (Weak AI)
can perform only a narrowly defined set of specific tasks.
At this stage, the machine does not possess any thinking
ability, it just performs a set of pre-defined functions.
Examples of Weak AI include virtual assistants Siri, Alexa,
Self-driving cars, recommendation systems.
Almost all the AI-based systems built till this date fall under
the category of Weak AI.
2. General AI (Strong AI)
Machines will possess the ability to think and make decisions just
like us humans.
There are currently no existing examples of Strong AI, however, it
is believed that we will soon be able to create machines that are as
smart as humans.
They exist in movies and science fiction books
Applications of AI
Applications of AI
AI Subfields or Branches
Machine Learning
is a subset of AI and focuses on the ability of machines to receive
a set of data and learn for themselves, changing algorithms as
they learn more about the information they are processing.
Arthur Samuel (1959). Machine Learning: Field of study that gives
computers the ability to learn without being explicitly programmed.
Machine Learning vs Pattern Recognition
● Machine Learning (ML): Machine learning is a subset of artificial
intelligence that focuses on the development of algorithms and
statistical models. These algorithms enable computers to learn
from and make predictions or decisions based on data without
being explicitly programmed.
● Pattern Recognition: Pattern recognition is a field within machine
learning and artificial intelligence that deals with the identification
and classification of patterns within data. It involves recognizing
regularities or patterns in data and using them to make predictions
or decisions.
Deep Learning
❖ Deep learning is a subset of machine learning, which is a branch of
artificial intelligence (AI).
❖ In deep learning, algorithms known as neural networks are used to
automatically learn and extract patterns from data.
❖ These neural networks are inspired by the structure and
functioning of the human brain, with interconnected layers of
artificial neurons that process information.
Natural Language Processing (NLP)
❖ NLP enables AI to
understand and
generate human
language.
❖ It encompasses tasks
like sentiment analysis,
language translation,
speech recognition,
and text generation.
Computer Vision

CV enables AI systems to interpret and understand


visual information from the world.
This includes tasks like:
● object detection,
● image classification,
● facial recognition,
● and image generation
Robotics
Robotics involves the integration of AI into physical systems, enabling
them to perceive and interact with the environment.
This includes tasks like
● autonomous navigation,
● manipulation of objects,
● and human-robot interaction.
Ethical Considerations
Ethical Considerations
Ethical considerations in AI are crucial due to the potential impact on
individuals, society, and the environment.

Bias in Algorithms: AI algorithms can inherit biases from the data they are
trained on, leading to unfair outcomes, discrimination, and perpetuation of
societal inequalities.

Job Displacement: Automation driven by AI technologies can lead to job


displacement in various sectors, requiring careful consideration of workforce
transition and retraining programs.
Transparency and Accountability: There is a need for transparency
in AI decision-making processes to ensure accountability and
trustworthiness, especially in high-stakes applications such as
healthcare and criminal justice.
Autonomous Weapons: The development of AI-powered
autonomous weapons raises ethical questions regarding the
delegation of lethal decision-making to machines, accountability for
actions, and the potential for unintended consequences and escalation
of conflits.
Privacy Concerns: AI systems often rely on vast amounts of
personal data, raising concerns about privacy, surveillance, and the
misuse of sensitive information.
Social Impact: AI technologies can exacerbate existing social
divides if not implemented thoughtfully, highlighting the importance
of considering the broader societal impact of AI deployment.

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