PHASES OF

CONSTRUCTION
Group 1

01
 About Service Team Contact

PHASE 1: PRE-DESIGN
(PROJECT INITIATION)

Every project starts with a

design, and the design
process involves an intensive
study and a lot of
considerations.

03
 About Service Team Contact

PHASE 1: PRE-DESIGN
(PROJECT INITIATION)
There are four steps on the
design process:
1. Programming and feasibility
2. Schematic design
3. Design Development
4. Contract Development

04
PRE-CONSTRUCTION

TREMILLAS & ESPIRITU

PRE-CONSTRUCTION
The Pre-construction phase
includes creating a strategic plan
for the project, creating a design,
securing permits or entitlements,
and gathering the labor and
resources required for
construction.
PRE-CONSTRUCTION MEETING PERSONNEL
Project Manager
Public Works Contract Officer
Contractor(s)
Subcontractors
Department Owners
Consultants
PROJECT MANAGER
The project manager is the
captain of the construction
management team.

This is most likely the first time

that the project manager has
seen the job, so the quality of the
information passed from
estimator to the project manager
is very important.
 The project manager’s job at
this point is to set the course of
action and put together the
team that will carry this project
through to satisfactory
completion for all parties
involved.
 Pre-construction phase is fast and furious because of
schedule constraints, and finding the time needed to create
a fully thought-out plan of action can be very difficult.
ASSIGNING THE PROJECT TEAM
Depending on the size and
complexity of the job, the typical
construction project will have a
project manager, contract
administrator, general
superintendent, maybe an
assistant superintendent.
ASSIGNING THE PROJECT TEAM
The on-site project team is supported by the office
management team in the form of estimating, contract
administration, accounting, job costing, and payroll.
ORGANIZATIONAL CHART
CONTRACT ADMINISTRATOR
This person assists both
the project manager and
the superintendent with
many of the details of the
contract- especially the
general and supplemental
conditions of the contract.
CONTRACT ADMINISTRATOR
The contract administrator may
process progress payment
applications, change orders, or
submittals on behalf of the project
manager.
The contract administrator must be
completely familiar with the
contract stipulations and
provisions and accustomed to
working with all of the common
forms, policies, and procedures.
SUPERINTENDENT Also referred to as the First Lieutenant of
the Project Team.
coordinating all of the construction
activities on-site and keeping the
project on schedule.
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must be very knowledgeable when it
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comes to construction methods and
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details because they are in charge of

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all direct labor and subcontractors

and must ensure that the work
complies with the requirements of the
contract documents.
FIELD ENGINEER/SITE ENGINEER
This entry-level position is usually the first
step to becoming a project manager.
Field engineers are responsible for
handling much of the paperwork that
passes through the field office.
They may also assist with the project
layout, payment verification,
subcontractor coordination, and any
other tasks.
Although the field engineer is an entry-level
position, the role is a vital one on every project.
DUE DILIGENCE
Due diligence involves identifying issues or concerns in
advance, allowing them to be considered in decision-
making before construction begins.
Site Investigation
Soil testing and engineering

THE PERMITTING AND

INSPECTION PROCESS
As mentioned earlier, before construction can begin,
building permits must be issued by the local building
authority. This is probably the single most crucial aspect of
the pre-construction process.

TREMILLAS
VALUE ENGINEERING
Value engineering is a process that
may or may not be conducted during
the pre-construction phase, depending
primarily upon which project delivery
method is being used. In the low-bid,
design-bid-build scenario, the owner is
not really asking for evaluation.

TREMILLAS
VALUE ENGINEERING
In this process, a thorough analysis is conducted of the design, products, and
materials and their application, installation, and execution to determine whether
the proposed design solutions are really the best solutions relative to their cost.

PURPOSE
optimize resources to achieve the greatest value for the money being spent.
The designers, contractors, building trades, engineers, manufacturers’
representatives, and end users are engaged to brainstorm the best possible solutions.
propose creative and cost-effective solutions can really shine and add tremendous
value to the overall project.

TREMILLAS
PROCUREMENT
PROCUREMENT
The procurement stage of construction management is often referred
to as “buying out” the job or purchasing the labor, materials, and
equipment needed to complete the project.
 TWO PRIMARY
INSTRUMENTS ASSOCIATED
WITH PROCUREMENT

03 04
SUBCONTRACTS
General contractors buy labor through
subcontracts.
A contractor is a person or business
who works directly with a client to
execute a job, offer a service, or deliver
materials.
A subcontract is executed with each of
these trade contractors.
PURCHASE GOODS
means all of the products and/or
services described in the Purchase
Order.
This process includes activities like -
Ordering, Expediting, Receiving and
Payment.
The Construction
The
Construction
Stage
Once the work is ready to start, the superintendent will
call for a pre-construction
meeting with all the subcontractors and major material
vendors. This meeting
essentially establishes the ground rules for working
together.
Mobilization Mobilization is all about
setting up and getting ready to
start construction.
Construction cannot begin
until all of the proper
personnel, materials, and
equipment are in place. This
is a very important part of the
process because it sets the
stage for all that is to follow.
The following are some of the activities that should be done during
the mobilization process:

Set up field office

Set up temporary storage
facilities
Secure temporary electric,
water, and telephone
service.
Establish job site
management systems.
The following are some of the activities that should be done during
the mobilization process:

Secure the site.

Organize adequate
parking and site access.
Develop a materials and
handling plan.
Install job signage and
barricades.
The following are some of the activities that should be done during
the mobilization process:

Arrange for trash and

debris removal.
Provide and place portable
toilets.
Staging and
Layout Plans

Mobilization addresses all of the activities that you

must accomplish in order to start the construction.
The superintendent must formulate and diagram a
site layout plan and staging strategy that will
provide the highest productivity and efficiency of
movement.
Construction
Operations

The heavy equipment operators are moving dirt, the

concrete finishers are pumping concrete, and the steel
erectors are setting beams and girders. There are
cranes hoisting equipment and trucks delivering
materials and workers making noise and stirring up
dust everywhere.
Construction
Operations

Table 5.1 highlights some of the typical work items

associated with various building elements. Keep in
mind that each work item may require the coordina-
tion of several building trades and numerous materials.
For example, a standard foundation can include
excavation, formwork, fill, reinforcing, concrete,
masonry,anchors, and embeds.
Construction
Operations

The team works together to sequence all activities and

coordinate all efforts by the various building trades,
material suppliers, building inspectors, and safety
officials, adjusting the schedule as they go.
POST-CONSTRUCTION PHASE
This is the stage where all the
loose ends get taken care of as the
construction team readies the facility
for occupancy by the end users. This
is the time when the contractor turns
the building over to the owner.
However, before the owner actually
takes possession of the facility, there
are a number of sequential steps that
must be performed by the contractor.
POST-CONSTRUCTION PHASE
Project punchout - remaining minor
tasks completion
Substantial completion - exact date
of completion will be issued to the
owner
Final inspection - issuance of final
papers of the project + releasing of
final payment.
Certificate of occupancy - final
inspection + issuance of CO
POST-CONSTRUCTION PHASE
Commissioning - checking if the
equipment & system in the facility is
working.
Final documentation - Turnover of
final papers such as warranties,
operation manuals , inspection &
testing reports, and as-built drawings
or record drawings
 About Service Team Contact

Finally, you have moved through all the

stages of the process and have turned the keys
over to the owner. This is always an exciting
time for the owner.

The owner occupancy phase in a

construction project refers to the period when
the completed buildings or units are turned
over to the owners or occupants for their use
and occupancy.

OWNER MOVE IN The owner occupancy phase marks a

significant milestone in the construction
project, as it signifies the transition from the
construction phase to the operational phase. It
is essential for ensuring that the completed
property meets the expectations and
requirements of the owners or occupants and is
ready for them to move in and start using the
space.

MAMARIIL
 About Service Team Contact

WARRANTY
WARRANTY The warranty period on a construction project refers to the duration after the
PERIOD
PERIOD completion of construction during which the contractor guarantees the quality and
functionality of the work performed. express warranties (written into the contract) and
implied warranties (established or required by law).

During the warranty period, the contractor is responsible for addressing any defects,
faults, or issues that arise as a result of faulty workmanship or materials used during
construction.

MAMARIL
 About Service Team Contact

THE
THE SUCCESFULL
SUCCESFULL
PROJECT
PROJECT

The contractor must organize a plan to address

warranty items and callback issues in a systematic
and timely fashion. In addition, it is always in the
contractor’s best interest to stay connected to the
client and make sure that they are satisfied with the
final product.

MAMARIL
Thank You
CONSTRUCTION
EQUIPMENTS
ROAD AND EARTHWORKS

GROUP 3 - BSCE IV
 ICE BREAKER
FIND THE DIFFERENCE
 CANTUBA

Compaction and
Stabilization
Equipment
Compaction equipment must match the material type, with
manufacturers offering various compactors incorporating
different methods for improved performance. Stabilization in
engineering involves adding a "stabilization agent" to alter
soil chemistry, enhancing material stability before
compaction.
 CANTUBA

COMPACTION OF
SOIL AND ROCK
With time, material will settle or compact itself naturally, but
the objective of compaction is to achieve the required
density quickly.

The earliest recorded use of compaction can be found in the

Roman Empire records of their road construction projects.

The Romans realized that compaction would improve the

engineering properties of soils; therefore, they used large
cylindrical stone rollers to achieve mechanical densification
of their road bases,
CANTUBA
 CANTUBA

COMPACTION OF
SOIL AND ROCK
Obtaining a greater soil unit weight is not the
direct objective of compaction. The reason for
compaction is to improve soil properties to:

1. Reduce or prevent settlements.

2. Increase strength.
3. Improve bearing capacity.
4. Control volume changes.
S. Lower permeability.
 Compaction of Soil and Rock
The objective of compaction is to achieve the required density quickly.

Reduce or prevent settlements

Increase Strength
Improve bearing capacity
Control volume changes
Lower permeability

05
 Types of Compacting Equipment

Impact----Sharp blow
Pressure----Static weight
Vibration----Shaking
Kneading----Manipulation or rearranging
Sheepsfoot Roller

One of the most common types of

compaction equipment.

Sheepsfoot rollers compact materials,

like soil, silt, and clay prior to
constructing roads and foundations.
TYPES OF COMPACTING EQUIPMENT

Smooth Drum
Vibratory Soil
Compactors

ALARCON
Smooth Drum Vibratory Soil
Compactors
The smooth-drum compactors, whether
single or dual drum models, generate three
compactive forces:
1. Pressure,
2. Impact, and
3. Vibration.
Smooth Drum Vibratory Soil
Compactors
These rollers are most effective on
granular materials, with particle sizes
ranging from large rocks to fine sand.
They can be used on semicohesive soils
with up to about 10% of the material
having a PI of 5 or greater. Large steel-
drum vibratory rollers can be effective
on rock lifts as thick as 3 ft.
TYPES OF COMPACTING EQUIPMENT

Padded-Drum
Vibratory Soil
Compactors

ALARCON
Padded-Drum Vibratory Soil
Compactors
These rollers are effective on soils with up
to 50% of the material having a PI of 5 or
greater. The edges of the pads are rolled
inward enabling them to walk out of the lift
without fluffing the soil. The typical lift
thickness for padded-drum units on
cohesive soil is 12 to 18 in. These units are
sometimes equipped with a leveling blade.
Small walk-behind and/or remotely
controlled vibratory rollers
These rollers having
widths in the range of
24 to 38 in. are
available. These units
are designed
Remotely Controlled padded-drum
specifically for trench walk-behind vibratory roller

work or for working in

confined areas.
Padded-drum walk-behind
vibratory roller.
Small walk-behind and/or remotely
controlled vibratory rollers
The drums of the roller
extend beyond the
sides of the roUer
body, so the
compaction can be
accomplished adjacent
to the trench walls.
Small walk-behind and/or remotely
controlled vibratory rollers
Many of these small compactors can
be equipped with remote control
systems so that the operator can
control the roller without having to
enter the trench. Nearly all of the
remote control systems use a
digitized radio frequency; this
eliminates the need to have control
cables dragged around the
construction site.
 COMPACTION EQUIPMENT

THEY ARE TYPICALLY USED

FOR PAVEMENTS AND CAN Pneumatic
HELP SMOOTH OUT AND
POLISH A PROJECT, BUT ARE
Tire Rollers
ALSO GREAT FOR COLD-
LAID BITUMINOUS OR COLD
MIXED PAVEMENTS AND
LAYERS OF LOOSE SOIL.
UMALI
 Construction of roads and highways
basically consists of 3 phases, rough
grading (or earthmoving), fine grading
(which includes sub-grade
preparation), and surfacing, which can
include gravel, concrete, asphalt, or
any combination of the three.
Compaction is also a major element of
all road and highway construction.
The adoption of Pneumatic Roller
particularly in the construction of
roads is very necessary to avoid timely
road damages, pot holes, road
breakage as a result of poor
construction of the roads.
 COMPACTION EQUIPMENT
THE TAMPING ROLLER IS A TYPE OF
ROAD ROLLER THAT’S MAINLY USED IN
COMPACTING DIRT EFFECTIVELY. IT
WORKS SIMILARLY WITH A NORMAL TAMPING
SMOOTH DRUM ROLLER BUT THE MAIN
DIFFERENCE YOU CAN FIND IS THE FOOT
ACTUAL TEXTURE AND SHAPE OF THE
TAMPING ROLLER. INSTEAD OF A COMPACTOR
SMOOTH DRUM, YOU’LL FIND THAT THE
DRUM HAS A LOT OF BUMPS AND
KNOBS.
UMALI
 The tamping roller can be used for
compacting soil effectively. Soil tends
to be a bit harder to compact,
especially if the soil has other
components like solid rocks and
formations. If you want to effectively
compact soil, try using a tamping
roller. Heavy clay is no match for a
good tamping roller. Tamping rollers
can be used for compacting soil in
dams, embankments, subgrade layers,
and railroad projects. Most soils in
these sites tend to be much heavier
and it might not be effectively
compacted with a smooth drum roller.
 The tamping roller can be used for
compacting soil effectively. Soil tends
to be a bit harder to compact,
especially if the soil has other
components like solid rocks and
formations. If you want to effectively
compact soil, try using a tamping
roller. Heavy clay is no match for a
good tamping roller. Tamping rollers
can be used for compacting soil in
dams, embankments, subgrade layers,
and railroad projects. Most soils in
these sites tend to be much heavier
and it might not be effectively
compacted with a smooth drum roller.
 PUSHING MATERIAL

A DOZER IS A TRACTOR UNIT

THAT HAS A BLADE ATTACHED
TO ITS FRONT. THE BLADE IS
USED
TO PUSH, SHEAR, CUT, AND
ROLL MATERIAL AHEAD OF THE
DOZER.

Urfilla-Beluso
Straight dozer Blade Angle dozer Blade U dozer Blade Semi U-dozer Blade

FIVE BLADES ARE COMMON TO

EARTHWORK:

(1) the straight "S" blade, (2) the angle "A" blade, (3) the universal "U" blade, (4) the
semi-U "SU" blade, and (5) the cushion "C" blade.

Cuhision dozer Blade

STRAIGHT BLADES

One of the most basic designs

Typically used for rough grading, leveling,
and pushing large volumes of material over
wide areas.
Offers good maneuverability and is cost-
effective.
Less effective for contouring or precise
material placement compared to angled
blades
ANGLE BLADES
Angle blade dozers are equipped with a
specialized blade attachment.
The blade can be angled or tilted to the left or
right.
very effective for side-casting material,
particularly for backfilling or making sidehill
cuts.
Angled blades can be angled to direct material
to the side, creating windrows or spreading
material evenly across a designated area.
Angle blades often provide better traction,
especially on slopes or uneven terrain, due to
their design.
UNIVERSAL BLADES, “U”
wider than a straight blade; and the long
dimension outside edges are canted forward 25°
the canting of the edges reduces the spillage of
loose material
efficient for moving large loads over long
distances
cutting ratio is lower for the U than S blade on a
similar dozer
penetration is not a prime objective of the blade’s
design (shape)
U blade’s load ratio is lower than that of a similar
S blade
the blade is best suited for lighter materials
typical usages are working stockpiles and drifting
loose or noncohesive materials
SEMI-U BLADES, “SU”
S U

combines characteristics of
the S- and U-blade designs
by the addition of short wings,
it has increased capacity
compared to an S blade
CUSHION BLADES, “C”

blades are mounted on large dozers that are used

primarily for push-loading scrapers
always part of a special dozer group which is made
predominantly for pushing other Dozers and Self
Loading Scrapers when a more tractive effort is
required
shorter than S-blade so as to avoid pushing the blade
into and cutting the rear tires of the scraper while
push loading
rubber cushions and springs in the mounting enable
the dozer to absorb the imapct of contacting the
scraper push block
cannot be tilted, pitched, or angled
 BOTICARIO

LAND CLEARING
E Q U I P M E N T S
 Crawler tractors with earthmoving blades were previously popular for land clearing, but
CRAWLER TRACTORS WITH their drawbacks include creating holes during tree excavation and difficulties in burning
EARTHMOVING BLADES due to transporting excess earth while stacking vegetation. Consequently, their usage is
not recommended.
CRAWLER TRACTORS WITH Crawler tractors with special clearing blades are tailored for vegetation removal,
featuring blades specifically designed to cut through dense foliage and small trees,
SPECIAL CLEARING making them essential for land clearing projects where minimizing vegetation is a
BLADES priority.
 Crawler tractors with clearing rakes are like giant combs for the land. Their sturdy rakes
CRAWLER TRACTORS WITH at the front help scoop up and remove vegetation, debris, and smaller obstacles, leaving
CLEARING RAKES behind a clean and cleared space, making them particularly handy for detailed land
clearing projects.
 EXCAVATOR

Excavators are heavy construction

equipment consisting of a boom, arm, bucket,
and cab on a rotating superstructure atop an
undercarriage with tracks or wheels. These
machines are used mainly for digging
purposes as well as various lifting and
carrying tasks in various applications.
Together with special tools such as hydraulic
breakers, cutters, shears, grapples, couplers,
etc.

Types of Excavator
1.) Crawler Excavators
2.) Wheeled Excavators
3.) Short Swing Radius Excavators
4.) Long-Reach Excavators

Dasco
 LOADER

Loaders are used extensively in

construction work to handle and transport
bulk material, such as earth and rock; to
load trucks; to excavate earth; and to
charge aggregate bins at asphalt and
concrete plants. The loader is a versatile
piece of equipment designed to excavate at
or above wheel/track level. The hydraulic-
activated lifting system exerts maximum
breakout force with an upward motion of
the bucket. It does not require other
equipment to level, smooth, or clean up the
area in which it is working.

Two types of loaders:

1.) Crawler - Tractor - Mounted Type
2.) Wheel - Tractor - Mounted Type.

Dasco
PAVERS Pavers, also known as road paver
finishers, asphalt finishers or
road paving machines, are used
to lay asphalt on roads, bridges,
car parks and other such places.
The machine is used to lay the
asphalt flat on the ground and
provides minor compaction
before it is compacted with a
roller.
Tracked Pavers
Wheeled Pavers
Maintaining the Asphalt Paver
Daily walkrounds
Regular cleaning
Check the hydraulic system
Maintain the screed
Check the engine and transmission
Inspect the tracks
SCRAPER
 Maintenance of Scraper
Routine Inspections
Fluids and Lubrication
Cutting Edges
Tracks and Tires
Hydraulic Systems
Electrical and Control Systems
Construction Equipment (2)
 Log Washer
●
Log Washers remove clays and other
deleterious materials by material-on-material
inter-particle scrubbing, as well as the
interaction with the paddle shafts and water.
Clay contaminated hard rock and ore is
subjected to a more aggressive washing action
than any other type of machine available.
video
 Impact Crusher
●
Impact crushers are named after the method
they use in reducing larger blocks of rocks to
smaller grain sizes. As the name suggests, an
impact crusher accelerates the feed material to
high speed and then flings the fast-moving
rocks against the walls of the crushing chamber
and each other.
 Tower Crane
●
Tower crane is a vital component
in the construction of tall
buildings, massive structures and
complex projects. video

●
The tower crane supports the
structures under construction.
This support means moving
tools, equipment and building
materials from one part to
another.
 Tower Crane
●
Generally, the use of tower cranes can be summarized
as follows:
– Dam construction
– Bridge construction
– High-rise constructions
– Residential, office and commercial -constructions
– Industries, power plants and factories
 Tower Crane Maintenance
1.1 Always keep the machine clean. Check the oil content of the reducer, timely refueling

1.2 Check the oil content of the reducer

1.3 Pay attention to check the wire rope loose, broken wire, wear phenomena. If more than the relevant provisions
must be promptly replaced.

1.4 Check the performance of the brake.

1.5 Check the bolts connections, especially the tower standard section connecting bolts, when each use for some
time, you must re-tighten.

1.6 Check the rope head pressure plate, clamp, etc. are loose, should be fastened

1.7 All parts of the tower (including the connection of the base section and the base) of the bolt nut, the connection
diameter greater than Φ20 pins are all special parts, in any case, absolutely not allowed to substitute

1.8 Observe the electrical contacts are oxidized or burned, if any contact should be repaired or replaced

1.9 After each use of a machine and metal structures, should be rust and spray paint once
 Concrete Pump
video
●
Concrete pumps are
equipments for transporting
mixed concrete to a
construction site. These
equipments are large pumps
connected to a truck or other
machinery that use hydraulics
to push the cement mixture
through a tube.
 Concrete Pump Maintenance
every day condition in the truck.
-Lubricate the rear portion of the every week
pump.
-Inspect the grease pod.
-Examine the oil level.
-Verify oil levels within the pump and
-Assess the tension of the gas in the water levels in the wash box.
accumulator.
-Confirm that the boom filter gauges
-Ensure the wash box is free of grout are indicated in green.
and drain the water.
-Ensure all prop switches function
-Substitute any blown fuses. properly.
-Verify the levels of diesel, oil, power -Examine the truck’s alternator, lug
steering fluid, radiator fluid and tire nuts and belts.
 Blasting Rock and its importance
●
In any kind of construction, quarrying or mining
operation, blasting is generally considered the quickest
and least costly method of removing rock. If explosives
could not be used, many projects would become
unreasonably expensive and would simply not be built.
●
Rock blasting is the process of drilling holes in a rock
mass at depths, and spacing to allow an explosive to
fracture the rock.
a blasting machine, in the wild
 Grader
●
Graders are commonly used in the construction
and maintenance of dirt and gravel roads. In
constructing paved roads, they prepare a wide
flat base course for the final road surface.
Graders are also used to set native soil or
gravel foundation pads to finish grade before
the construction of large buildings.
 Jaw Crusher
●
Jaw Crushers are a compression-type machine
that crush material between a moving piece of
steel and a stationary piece of steel. They are
used for primary and sometimes secondary size
reduction.
 Haulers
●
Haul trucks are similar in design to dump trucks, but
tend to be more rugged and also much larger, as they
are intended for applications where high volumes of
material need to be moved on a regular basis.
●
Haul trucks are similar in design to dump trucks, but
tend to be more rugged and also much larger, as they
are intended for applications where high volumes of
material need to be moved on a regular basis.
 Chutes and Drop Pipes
●
Chute is used in concrete transporting to reach
concrete from a level where mixing is done.
Normally it transports concrete to lower level
like foundation from ground where mixer
machine is installed.
 Ready Mixed Concrete
●
Ready mixed refers to concrete that is batched
for delivery from a central plant instead of being
mixed on the job site. Each batch of ready-
mixed concrete is tailor-made according to the
specifics of the contractorand is delivered to the
contractor in a plastic condition, usually in the
cylindrical trucks often known as "cement
mixers."
 Hydraulic impact pile hammer
●
Hydraulic impact pile hammers are applicable
for many pile driving operations. Furthermore,
they are handy for driving sheets, steel tubes,
and diverse types of piles.
 Hydraulic impact pile hammer,
maintenance
1) Keep the vibrating hammer clean, and clean the oil, dust, rust
and water on the hammer body and power station after each shift.
2) Check the fasteners frequently to keep the connection firm and
reliable.
3) Each lubrication point should be lubricated according to the
lubrication requirements.
4) The hydraulic oil in the oil tank should be kept at a normal level,
and the oil temperature should be kept at a normal level. Always
check the cleanliness of the oil and place contamination.
5) Always check whether there is water in the hydraulic oil tank.
 Air Compressor and Pumps
●
Sometimes the words “pump” and “compressor”
are used interchangeably. They may seem
similar but there is a difference between them.
Pumps move fluids between places while air
compressors squeeze the volume of the gas
and often transport it elsewhere
 Air Compressor and Pumps
●
Air compressors handle compressed air that are
used to power other tools like power hammers,
drills, saws, wrenches, nail guns, and numerous
other pneumatic tools.
 Pipe Layer
●
Pipe layers can have either wheels or tracks —
plus a hydraulic boom and winch meant to lift,
carry and place pipes in the ground. After
placing pipes in the ground, the pipe layer
operator can also use the boom to adjust the
pipe’s vertical and horizontal position to make
sure the pipe lays at the proper grade.
 Jackhammer
●
What is a Jackhammer?
As the name suggests, a jackhammer is a device
that creates a hammering action to break up hard
materials such as rock, concrete, asphalt, and
the like. It can also be used on even harder
materials such as metal or softer materials such
as wood, but it is not recommended or nearly as
effective.