Program Curriculum

Bachelor of Science (BS) in Physics

For Punjab University and affiliated colleges

As per HEC new undergraduate policy (2023/version 1.1)

(Effective from Fall 2024)

Department of Physics
University of the Punjab
Lahore

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 BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (BS) IN PHYSICS

Duration Four Years Semesters Eight

Credit Hours 131 CH General Education 30 CH Major 83 CH

Allied Courses 12 CH Internship 03 CH Capstone Project 03 CH

Department Physics

Faculty Science
Department Introduction

Physics is being taught in the Province of Punjab as early as 1877. A Department of Science was established in 1877 at
Government College Lahore, five years earlier than the establishment of University of the Punjab, in 1882, in British
India. This Department later on became the combined Department of Punjab University and Government College
Lahore. A distinguished physicist Mr. J. Campbell Oman was appointed as the first Professor of Natural Sciences in 1877
in the same Department and he continued his duties until retirement in 1897. Professor J. C. Oman and one of his student
Mr. Ruchi Ram Sahni founded “The Punjab Science Institute (PSI)” in 1886. The main purpose of the PSI was to promote
the cause of scientific learning, practical education and popularization of science in the province of Punjab. After the
retirement of Professor J. C. Oman in 1897, Mr. Arthur Stanley Hemmy (BA St. John’s College, Cambridge) was appointed
as Professor of Science in 1898 in the Department of Science and he held the combined Chair of Physics and Chemistry till
1906. The Department of Science was divided into two independent Departments. The Department of Physics got its
separate identity and was founded in 1906 and Prefessor A. S. Hemmy was appointed as first Professor of Physics and head
of Department of Physics.

The Department of Physics offers research as well as taught degree courses in the subject of Physics. The Master of Science
(MSc) two years program is the oldest program of the Department. A research degree program leading to a PhD degree in
Physics existed since 1940s. In 2002, the Department of Physics started Bachelor of Science (BS) four years program,
Master of Philosophy (MPhil) two years program, regular PhD program in the subject of Physics.

Department Vision
The mission of the Department of Physics is
▪ To deliver a high-quality student-centered education that empowers undergraduate students to achieve their full
potential and succeed in their chosen careers

▪ ⁠To foster a culture of curiosity, inquiry, and discovery, encouraging undergraduate students to explore new ideas,
challenge assumptions, and develop innovative solutions

▪ To provide opportunities for undergraduate students to develop their skills, knowledge, and character, preparing
them for personal and professional growth, and lifelong learning

▪ To provide students with rigorous and comprehensive training in the subject of Physics to develop in them
creativity, precision in thinking and analytical skills.

▪ To inspire undergraduate students to become active citizens, engaged scholars, and compassionate leaders,
preparing them to make a positive impact in their communities and profession.
The department also provides enabling environment and infrastructure for optimum utilization of potential of faculty, staff
and students.
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 Department Mission

The mission of the department is to advance the understanding of the physical universe through innovative research, education,
and outreach. We strive to raise a community of scholars who explore the fundamental laws of nature, from the smallest
subatomic particles to the vast expanse of the cosmos. We offer a comprehensive curriculum that covers the breadth of physics,
from classical mechanics to quantum field theory, and cutting-edge research opportunities that allow students to contribute to
groundbreaking discoveries. We wish to prepare our students to conduct an independent scientific and analytical investigation
in the changing discipline and to develop critical and scientific thinking skills needed for a suitable career in academia and
industry.

Department Goals

The department goals are to:

1. Provide innovative and impactful research in physics that advances our understanding of the universe and
addresses real-world challenges.
2. Support student achievement, retention, and career advancement through mentorship, advising, and research
opportunities.
3. Provide a quality education for undergraduate and graduate students, equipping them with a deep understanding
of physics and the skills to succeed in their future pursuits.
4. Foster a supportive environment for faculty growth, innovation, and leadership in research, teaching, and service.
5. Collaborate with other departments, research institutes and universities to tackle complex problems and drive
innovation.
Program Description

The Bachelor of Science (BS) in Physics program is designed in accordance with the Higher Education Commission's (HEC)
Undergraduate Education Policy V 1.1, offering students a comprehensive education in the principles of physics, with an
emphasis on both theoretical understanding and practical application. The program spans eight semesters and provides a
balanced curriculum that begins with general education courses, ensuring a strong foundation in mathematics, natural sciences,
and critical thinking. As students’ progress, they will study specialized courses that cover key areas of physics, including
classical mechanics, quantum mechanics, electrodynamics, and thermodynamics, as well as emerging fields such as materials
science. Throughout the program, students will engage in hands-on laboratory work, enhancing their technical skills and
enabling them to apply theoretical concepts to real-world situations. While designing this program, emphasis is placed on the
development of analytical and problem-solving abilities, with the aim of preparing students for careers in industry, education,
and technology sectors.
Program Learning Outcomes
By the completion of Bachelor of Science (BS) in Physics, the graduates will be able to:

a) Demonstrate a comprehensive understanding of basic concepts related to core subjects in physics, including but
not limited to classical mechanics, quantum mechanics, electromagnetism, statistical mechanics and
thermodynamics.

b) Effectively apply mathematical and computational techniques to analyze and solve complex physical problems
in both theoretical and experimental contexts.

c) Communicate scientific knowledge and research findings effectively, demonstrating a commitment to

continuous learning and professional development in the field of physics.

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 COURSE CODE KEY

For the course code PHY-xxx, the first letter shows the year of degree course in the university ( e.g. for first year course, it
is written as 1xx, for third year course it is 3xx and for fifth year course it is 5xx, while second letter represents a number
assigned to a specific subject area of physics (e.g. in general classification within the subject of Physics, a number is assigned
to a set of similar subject titles i.e. for foundation courses, the number is 0 (PHY-x0x), for classical mechanics and related
titles, the number is 1 (PHY-x1x), for electrodynamics and related titles, it is 2 (PHY-x2x), for quantum mechanics and
related titles, it is 3 (PHY-x3x), for solid state physics and related titles, it is 4 (PHY-x4x), for mathematical physics and
related titles, it is 5 (PHY-x5x), for experimental physics and labs, it is 6 (PHY-x6x), for electronics and related titles, it is 7
(PHY-x7x), for materials and nanotechnology, it is 8 (PHY-x8x) etc. The last letter of the course code shows the sequence
of the course titles in the specific subject (e.g. for solid state physics-I offered in third year, course code is PHY-341 and for
solid state physics-II offered in the third year, it is PHY-342). The M is for Major, A for Allied, F for Field work and P for
Project.

Scheme of Studies / Semester-wise workload

S.N. Code Course Title Course Pre- Credit
Type requisite Hours
Semester I
1. GAH-101 Fundamentals of Philosophy General 2
2. GENG-101 Functional English * General 3
3. GQR-101 Quantitative Reasoning - I * General 3
4. GISL-101 Islamic Studies * (OR) General 2
Religious Education / Ethics in lieu of Islamic
Studies only for non-Muslim students
5. MPHY-101 Calculus - I Major 3
6. MPHY-111 Mechanics Major 3
7. QTR-101 Quran Translation General 0

Total Credit Hours 16

Semester II
1. GSS-101 Introduction to Social Sciences General 2
2. GQR-102 Quantitative Reasoning - II * General 3
3. MPHY-102 Calculus-II Major 3
4. GICP-101 Ideology and Constitution of Pakistan * General 2
5. MPHY-112 Waves and Optics Major 3
6. MPHY-161 Physics Lab – I Major 1
7. QTR-102 Quran Translation General 1

Total Credit Hours 15

Semester III
1. GICT-201 Applications of Information and Communication General 3
Technologies (ICT) *
2. GENG-201 Expository Writing * General 3

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S.N. Code Course Title Course Pre- Credit
Type requisite Hours
3. GENT-201 Entrepreneurship * General 2
4. MPHY-221 Electricity and Magnetism Major 3
5. MPHY-213 Thermal Physics Major 3
6. MPHY-262 Physics Lab – II Major 1
7. MPHY-203 Linear Algebra Major 3
8. QTR-203 Quran Translation General 0

Total Credit Hours 18

Semester IV
1. GNAT-201 Basic Electronics General 3
2. GCCE-201 Civics and community Engagement * General 2
3. MPHY-204 Differential Equation Major 3
4. MPHY-251 Mathematical Methods Major 3
5. MPHY-231 Modern Physics Major 3
6. MPHY-263 Physics Lab - III Major 1
7. QTR-204 Quran Translation General 1

Total Credit Hours 16

Semester V
1. MPHY-314 Classical Mechanics Major 3
2. APHY-352 Mathematical Methods of Physics – I Allied 3
3. MPHY-341 Solid State Physics - I Major 3
4. MPHY-371 Electronics – I Major 3
5. APHY-353 Computational Physics – I Allied 3
6. MPHY-364 Physics Lab - IV Major 1
7. QTR-305 Quran Translation General 0

Total Credit Hours 16

Semester VI
1. MPHY-332 Quantum Mechanics – I Major 3
2. APHY-354 Mathematical Methods of Physics – II Allied 3
3. MPHY-342 Solid State Physics - II Major 3
4. MPHY-372 Electronics – II Major 3
5. APHY-355 Computational Physics – II Allied 3
6. MPHY-365 Physics Lab – V Major 1

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S.N. Code Course Title Course Pre- Credit
Type requisite Hours
7. QTR-306 Quran Translation General 1

Total Credit Hours 17

Semester VII
1. FPHY-465 Field Work / Internship Field work 3
2. MPHY-433 Quantum Mechanics – II Major 3
3. MPHY-422 Classical Electrodynamics - I Major 3
4. MPHY-443 Statistical Physics Major 3
5. MPHY-xxx Elective – I Major 3
6. MPHY-xxx Elective – II Major 3
7. QTR-407 Quran Translation General 0

Total Credit Hours 18

Semester VIII
1. PPHY-466 Capstone Project Project 3
2. MPHY-434 Nuclear Physics Major 3
3. MPHY-423 Classical Electrodynamics - II Major 3
4. MPHY-415 Relativity and Cosmology Major 3
5. MPHY-xxx Elective – III Major 3
6. MPHY-xxx Elective – IV Major 3
7. QTR-408 Quran Translation General 1

Total Credit Hours 19

Total Credit Hours of BS Physics 131 + 4 = 135

* University will provide course outlines.

List of Elective Courses

Elective courses will be offered from the following list by the Department of Physics in view of availability of instructors and
related resources. More titles in the list of elective courses can be added from time to time subject to the approval by relevant
academic bodies.

Course Code Course Title Cr. Hrs. Course Type

MPHY-435 Introductory Particle Physics 3 Elective

MPHY-436 Relativistic Quantum Mechanics 3 Elective

MPHY-444 Topics in Solid State Physics 3 Elective

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 MPHY-445 Advanced Solid-State Physics 3 Elective

MPHY-437 Quantum Information Theory 3 Elective

MPHY-424 Introduction to Photonics 3 Elective

MPHY-446 Quantum Solid State Magnetism 3 Elective

MPHY-473 Quantum Electronics 3 Elective

MPHY-416 Astrophysics 3 Elective

MPHY-467 Medical Physics 3 Elective

MPHY-481 Nanomaterials and Nanodevices 3 Elective

MPHY-474 Advanced Digital Electronics 3 Elective

MPHY-438 Introductory Atomic Physics 3 Elective

MPHY-439 Atomic and Molecular Physics 3 Elective

MPHY-425 Laser Physics 3 Elective

Course Outlines
Course Title CALCULUS-I

Course Code MPHY-101

Credit Hours CH3

Pre- requisites FSc / A-Level (Physics) or equivalent

Learning Outcomes The objective of this course is to acquaint students with the fundamental concepts of limit,
continuity, differential and integral calculus of functions of one variable

Contents Functions: Functions, Limit of a function, domain, range, types, Graphical approach, properties,
theorems; Limits of polynomials, rational, and transcendental functions; One-sided limits;
Continuity.
Differentiation: Derivatives of polynomials, rational, exponential, logarithmic, and
trigonometric functions; The chain rule; Implicit differentiation; Rates of change in natural and
social sciences; Related rates; Linear approximations and differentials; Higher derivatives,
Leibnitz's theorem, Increasing and decreasing functions, relative extrema, optimization; First
derivative test for relative extrema; Convexity and point of inflection; Second derivative test for
extrema; Curve sketching; Mean value theorems; Indeterminate forms and L'Hopital's rule.
Integration: Integration, antiderivatives, and integrals; Riemann sums and the definite integral,
Properties of the integral; The fundamental theorem of calculus; The substitution rule; Integrals
of elementary, hyperbolic, trigonometric, logarithmic, and exponential functions; Integration by
parts, substitution, and partial fractions; Approximate integration; Improper integrals; Gamma
functions. Area between curves, average value, arc length, area of a surface of revolution;
Parameterized curves and polar coordinates: Curves defined by parametric equations, calculus

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 with parametric curves (tangents, areas, arc length), polar coordinates (polar curves, tangents to
polar curves), areas and arc length in polar coordinates.
Teaching-learning Classroom teaching / Lecturing
Strategies

Assignments- Types Problem/work sheets: 3-4

and Number

Assessment and Mid-Term Assessment: 35%

Examinations Formative Assessment: (25%): It includes classroom participation, attendance, assignments and
presentations, homework, attitude and behavior, hands-on-activities, short tests, quizzes etc.
Final Term Assessment: 40%
Text Books 1. Calculus by Thomas (13th Edition), Addison Wesley (2005).
2. Calculus by H. Anton, I. Bevens, S. Davis (8th Edition), Wiley (2005).
3. Calculus Single and Multivariable by D. H. Hallett, A. M. Gleason, W. G. McCallum
(3rd Edition) Wiley (2002).
4. Calculus and Analytics Geometry by C. H. Edward and E. D Penney, Prentice Hall (1988).

Course Title MECHANICS

Course Code MPHY-111

Credit Hours CH3

Pre- requisites FSc / A-Level (Physics) or equivalent

Learning outcomes At attending this course student will be able to understand classical concepts of motion and apply
their knowledge to mechanical systems.

Contents Vectors, Force, Newtons laws: Vectors and properties, gradient, divergence, curl, Force and
mass, Newton’s laws of motion, weight, Applications of Newton’s laws of one dimension,
Newton’s laws in three-dimensional vector form, projectile motion, drag force and motion of
projectiles, uniform circular motion, relative motion.
Applications of Newton’s laws and momentum: Force Laws, tensions and normal forces,
frictional forces, dynamics of uniform circular motion, time dependent forces, non-inertial frames
and pseudo forces, Limitations of Newton’s laws, Collisions, linear momentum, impulse and
momentum, conservation of momentum, two-body collisions.
System of particles and rotational kinematics: Two particles and many particle systems, center
of mass of slod objects, conservation of momentum in system of particles, system of variable
mass, rotational motion, rotational variables, rotational quantities as vectors, rotation with
constant acceleration.
Rotational dynamics and angular momentum: Torque, rotational inertia and Newton’s second
law, rotational inertia of solid bodies, torque due to gravity, equilibrium application of Newton’s
laws for rotation, non-equilibrium applications of Newton’s laws of rotation, combined rotational
and translational motion, angular momentum for a system of particles, angular momentum and
angular velocity, conservation of angular momentum, spinning top, gyroscope and precession.
Work, kinetic energy, and potential energy: Work and energy, power, work done by a variable
force in two dimensions, kinetic energy, work theorem, work and kinetic energy in rotational
motion, kinetic energy in collisions, conservative forces, potential energy, conservation of
mechanical energy, energy conservations in rotational motion, one dimensional conservative
system, three dimensional conservative systems. Frictional work, conservation of energy in a
system of particles, center of mass energy, reactions and decays, energy transfer by heat.
Gravitation: Newton’s laws of gravitation, gravitation near earth surface, Shell theorems,
gravitational potential energy, motion of planets and satellites, gravitational field, black holes and
dark matter.
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Teaching-learning Classroom teaching / Lecturing
Strategies

Assignments- Types Problem/work sheets: 3-4

and Number

Assessment and Mid-Term Assessment: 35%

Examinations Formative Assessment: (25%): It includes classroom participation, attendance, assignments and
presentations, homework, attitude and behavior, hands-on-activities, short tests, quizzes etc.
Final Term Assessment: 40%
Text Books 1. Mechanics by C. Kittel, et al., Berkeley Physics Course Volume 1, Berkeley (1965).
2. Physics (Volume 1 & 2) by R. Resnick, D. Halliday and K. S. Krane (5th Edition), Wiley
(2002).
3. University Physics with Modern Physics by H. D. Young, R. A. Freedman(14th Edition),
Addison-Wesley (2015).
4. Fundamentals of Physics, D. Halliday, R. Resnick and J. Walker (9th Ed), Wiley (2011).
5. Physics: Classical and Modern by F. J. Keller W. E. Gettys and M. J. Skove (2nd Edition),
McGraw Hill (1992).

Course Title CALCULUS - II

Course Code MPHY-102

Credit Hours CH3

Pre- requisites MPHY-101

Learning outcomes The students would be presented to the vector calculus, the calculus of multivariable functions
and double and triple integrals along with their applications.
Contents Vector and geometry of space: Coordinate systems: Rectangular, cylindrical, and spherical
coordinates. Derivatives and integrals of vector-valued functions, Arc length, curvature, normal
and binormal vectors, dot products, cross products, Line and plane in space.
Conic sections: Curves in the Cartesian plane, Parametric representations, Polar coordinates,
Tangents and normal, Properties of parabola, ellipse, and hyperbola, Polar equations of conics,
Change of axes, The general equation of the second degree, Curve tracing, Analytical geometry
of three dimensions, Angle between two lines, perpendicular lines; Equations of a plane in various
forms; Perpendicular line to a plane, parallel planes, perpendicular planes; Equations of straight
lines in various forms, plane through a line; Perpendicularity and parallelism of lines and planes;
Equation of locus; Shortest distance between two lines; Examples of surfaces: Intercepts, traces,
symmetry, sketching by parallel plane sections; Surfaces of revolution: Quadric surfaces, spheres,
ellipsoids, paraboloids, hyperboloids, cylinders, cones; Curves in space, Area of surfaces of
revolution.
Partial derivatives: Limits and continuity composition, and chain rule; Directional derivatives
and the gradient vector; Implicit function theorem for several variables; Maximum and minimum
values, optimization problems; Lagrange multipliers.
Multiple integrals: Double integrals over rectangular domains and iterated integrals; non-
rectangular domains; Double integrals in polar coordinates; Triple integrals in rectangular,
cylindrical, and spherical coordinates; Applications of double and triple integrals; Change of
variables in multiple integrals.
Teaching-learning Classroom teaching / Lecturing
Strategies

9
Assignments- Types Problem sheet: 3-4
and Number

Assessment and Mid-Term Assessment: 35%

Examinations Formative Assessment: (25%): It includes classroom participation, attendance, assignments and
presentations, homework, attitude and behavior, hands-on-activities, short tests, quizzes etc.
Final Term Assessment: 40%
Text Books 1. Calculus by Thomas (13th Edition), Addison Wesley (2005)
2. Calculus by H. Anton, I. Bevens, S. Davis (8th Edition), John-Wiley (2005)
3. Calculus and Analytics Geometry by C. H. Edward and E.D Penney, Prentice Hall
(1988)
4. Calculus: Early Transcendentals by James Stewart
5. Calculus by Ron Larson and Bruce H. Edwards
6. Calculus: A Complete Course by Robert A. Adams and Christopher Essex.

Course Title WAVES AND OPTICS

Course Code MPHY-112

Credit Hours CH3

Pre- requisites FSc / A-Level (Physics) or equivalent

Learning outcomes To introduce the ideas of harmonic motion in depth and concept of waves in physics with special
attention on light waves

Contents Periodic motion and mechanical waves: simple harmonic motion and applications, pendulum,
damped oscillation, forced oscillation and resonance, mechanical waves, mathematical description
speed of transfers waves, energy and wave motion, wave interference, standing waves, normal
Modes.
Sound waves: Speed and intensity of sound waves, standing sound waves and normal modes
Resonance and interferences, beats, Doppler’s effects, shock waves.
Propagation of light and geometric optics: Light waves, reflection, refraction, Speed of light,
dispersion and polarization, total internal reflection, Scattering of light, Huygens’ Principle, plane
and spherical mirrors, spherical and refracting surfaces, thin lenses, cameras, the eye, magnifier,
microscopes and telescopes.
Interference and diffraction: Two source interference, coherence, interference for thin films,
intensity in double slit interference, Michelson interferometer, Fraunhofer and Fresnel diffraction,
singe slit diffraction, intensity of single slit, Multiple slits, Grating, X-Ray Diffraction, Circular
Aperture and resolving power, Holography.
Teaching-learning Classroom teaching / Lecturing
Strategies

Assignments- Types Problem/work sheets: 3-4

and Number

Assessment and Mid-Term Assessment: 35%

Examinations Formative Assessment: (25%): It includes classroom participation, attendance, assignments and
presentations, homework, attitude and behavior, hands-on-activities, short tests, quizzes etc.
Final Term Assessment: 40%
Text Books 1. The Physics of Vibrations and Waves, by J. Pain, Wiley, (6th edition) (2005).
2. Vibrations and Waves, by P. French, CBS Publishers (2003).
3. Physics (Volume 1 & 2) by R. Resnick, D. Halliday and K. S. Krane (5th Ed), Wiley (2002).
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 4. University Physics with Modern Physics by H. D. Young, R. A. Freedman (14th Edition),
Addison-Wesley (2015).
5. Fundamentals of Physics by D. Halliday, R. Resnick and J. Walker (9th Ed), JWiley (2011).

Course Title PHYSICS LAB-1

Course Code MPHY-161

Credit Hours CH 1

Pre- requisites FSc / A-Level (Physics) or equivalent

Learning outcomes The objective of this course is to develop laboratory skills in students which provides depth of
understanding the physics and laws of physics by performing experiments.
Contents Mechanics: To measure the moments of inertia of different bodies, To determine surface
tension by capillary rise, Study of 2D motion, Find the value of ‘g’ using Free-Fall
method, To determine elastic constant by spiral spring and coupled pendulum, The study
of harmonic oscillation of helical springs connected in parallel and series, Laws of gyroscope,
Measurement of speed of sound in air, Interference of light by Fresnel biprism, Study of the
diffraction intensity using double slit system, Modulus of rigidity by using Maxwell Needle,
Determine radius of curvature of a sphere, Conservation Laws of momentum and energy.
Waves and Optics: Resonance by using Barton Apparatus, Measurement of speed of sound by
using Kundt’s tube apparatus, To study the properties of the waves by using ripple tank, To
determine wavelength of light by Fresnel’s biprism, Determine the angle of elevation between two
points at large distance by using sextant apparatus, To study the intensity of light by using
Polarizers, To determine wavelength of light by diffraction grating, To determine wavelengths of
sodium D lines by Newton's rings, To study the relationship between frequency and the tension,
length, and mass per unit length of the string by using sonometer, To determine ethe refractive
index of different materials.
*Note: Any eight experiments must be performed subject to the availability of apparatus.

Teaching-learning Classroom teaching / Lecturing

Strategies

Assignments- Types Problem sheets: 3-4

and Number
Experimental write-up, data analysis and data plotting, observations and calculations etc.,

Assessment and Mid-Term Assessment: 35%

Examinations Formative Assessment: (25%): It includes classroom participation, attendance, assignments and
presentations, homework, attitude and behavior, hands-on-activities, short tests, quizzes etc.
Final Term Assessment: 40%
Text Books 1. Physics laboratory experiments by Jerry D. Wilson, Cengage Learning (2014).
2. General Physics Laboratory I Experiments by Kapila Clara Castoldi, Kendall Hunt,
(2015)
3. Physics Lab Experiments by Matthew French, Mercury Learning & Information, (2016)
4. Experiments And Demonstrations in Physics: Barilan Physics Laboratory by
Kraftmakher Yaakov, World Scientific (2014).

Course Title ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM

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Course Code MPHY-221

Credit Hours CH3

Pre- requisites FSc / A-Level (Physics) or equivalent

Learning outcomes To develop understanding of basic concepts of electricity and magnetism and to strengthen
problem solving skills.

Contents Electric field and Guass’s Law: Electric charge, conductors and insulators, Induced charges,
Coulomb’s law, Electric fields and force, Electric field lines, electric dipole, electric flux, Gauss’
law and its applications (planar, cylindrical and spherical symmetry), Charges on conductors,
Electric Potential, Equipotential surfaces, potential gradient, Electrostatic accelerator.
Capacitance, dielectrics and electric current: Capacitors, Capacitance, series and parallel,
energy storage in capacitors, dielectrics, induced charge, Gauss’s law in dielectrics, current,
resistivity, resistance, Ohm’s law, electromotive force, energy and power, metallic conductors,
resistors in series and parallel, Kirchhoff’s rules, electrical measuring meters, RC circuits, power
distribution systems.
Magnetic field, forces and sources: Magnetism, magnetic fields, field lines and flux, charged
particle in magnetic field, applications, magnetic force on a current carrying conductor, force and
torque on a current loop, DC motor, Hall effect, Magnetic field of a moving charge, magnetic field
of a current element and conductor, circular loop, force between parallel conductor, Ampere’s law
and applications, Magnetic materials.
Electromagnetic induction and inductance: Faraday’s and Lenz’s laws, motional electromotive
force, induced electric fields, Eddy currents, Displacement current and Maxwell’s equations,
superconductivity, mutual inductance, self-inductance and inductors, magnetic field energy, RL,
LC, LRC series circuits.
Alternating current and electromagnetic waves: Phasors and alternating current, resistance and
reactance, LRC series circuit, power in alternating current, resonance, transformers, Maxwell’s
equations, plane electromagnetic waves and speed of light, sinusoidal electromagnetic waves,
energy and momentum in electromagnetic waves, standing electromagnetic waves.
Teaching-learning Classroom teaching / Lecturing
Strategies

Assignments- Types Problem sheets: 3-4

and Number

Assessment and Mid-Term Assessment: 35%

Examinations Formative Assessment: (25%): It includes classroom participation, attendance, assignments and
presentations, homework, attitude and behavior, hands-on-activities, short tests, quizzes etc.
Final Term Assessment: 40%
Text Books 1. Fundamentals of Physics (Extended), by D. Halliday, R. Resnick and J. Walker,
Wiley, 10th Edition, (2013).
2. Physics Vol. II (extended) by Resnick, Halliday and Krane, 5th Edition, Wiley,
(2001).
3. Electricity and Magnetism by E. M. Purcell, D. J. Morin, Cambridge, (3rd Ed.),
(2013).
4. University Physics with Modern Physics, by R. A. Freedman, H. D. Young, and A.
L. Ford (Sears and Zeemansky), Addison-Wesley-Longman, 13th Edition, (2010).
5. Physics for Scientists and Engineers, by R. A. Serway and J. W. Jewett, Golden
Sunburst Series, 8th Edition, (Physics for Scientists and Engineers, with Modern
Physics, by D. C. Giancoli, Addison-Wesley, 4th Edition (2008).

12
Course Title THERMAL PHYSICS

Course Code MPHY-213

Credit Hours CH 3

Pre- requisites FSc / A-Level (Physics) or equivalent

Learning outcomes The objective of this course is to develop an understanding about the laws and methods of
thermodynamics and enable the student to apply their knowledge to practical systems.

Contents Temperature and heat: Temperature and thermal equilibrium, thermometers, kelvin scales,
thermal expansion, Ideal gas, quantity of heat, calorimetry, phase changes, heat transfer.
Thermal properties: Equations of states, van der Waals equation, molecular properties of matter,
molecular view of pressure, mean free path, kinetic model of ideal gas, heat capacities, molecular
speeds and energies.
First law of thermodynamics: Thermodynamics systems, work done, Thermodynamics states,
internal energy, Zeroth and First law of Thermodynamics, Thermodynamics processes, internal
energy and heat capacities of an ideal gas, Adiabatic processes,
Second Law of thermodynamics: Heat engines, combustion engines, refrigerator, Second law of
thermodynamics, Perpetual motion, Carnot Cycle, Carnot engine, Entropy, Microscopic
interpretation of entropy, Efficiencies of real engines, thermoelectricity, Seebeck effect, Peltier
effect, thermocouple.
Applications of thermodynamics: Thermodynamics functions and equations, TdS equations,
Joule-Thomson effect, Stephan law, Adiabatic demagnetization, production and measurements of
low temperatures, Third law of thermodynamics, Clausius-Clapeyron equation.
Teaching-learning Classroom teaching / Lecturing
Strategies

Assignments- Types Problem sheets: 3-4

and Number

Assessment and Mid-Term Assessment: 35%

Examinations Formative Assessment: (25%): It includes classroom participation, attendance, assignments and
presentations, homework, attitude and behavior, hands-on-activities, short tests, quizzes etc.
Final Term Assessment: 40%
Text Books 1. Physics (Volume 1 & 2) by R. Resnick, D. Halliday and K. S. Krane (5th Edition), Wiley
(2002)
2. Concepts in Thermal Physics, by S. J. Blundell and K. M. Blundell, Oxford, (2009)
3. University Physics with Modern Physics by H. D. Young, R. A. Freedman (14th Edition),
Addison-Wesley (2015).
4. Principle of Modern Thermodynamics by B. N. Roy, Institute of Physics, London (1995)
5. Physics for Scientists and Engineers by R. A. Serway and J. W. Jewett (8th Edition), Golden
Sunburst Series (2010).
6. An Introduction to Thermal Physics, D. V. Schroeder, Pearson, (1999).
7. Heat and Thermodynamics by M. W. Zemansky (7th Edition), McGraw Hill (1999).

Course Title PHYSICS LAB II

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Course Code MPHY-262

Credit Hours CH 1

Pre- requisites FSc / A-Level (Physics) or equivalent

Learning outcomes The objective of this course is to develop laboratory skills in students which provides depth of
understanding the physics and laws of physics by performing experiments.
Contents Electricity and Magnetism: Essentials of the oscilloscope, Function generators, Electromagnets,
Transformers, Carey Foster Bridge, Galvanometer and voltmeter, Potentiometer and Ballistic
Galvanometer, BH Curve, To study the Acceptors and Rejectors circuits, Earth Magnetic Field, To
study the Dielectric constant for different materials,

Thermal Physics: To Study the thermal conductivity of materials, study the expansion coefficients
of different materials, Application of thermistors and thermo-couples, Specific heat by Calorimeter,
Stephan-Constant experiment, Heat Engine Experiment,

*Note: Any eight experiments must be performed subject to the availability of apparatus.

Teaching-learning Classroom teaching / Lecturing, practical

Strategies

Assignments- Types Problem sheet, 3-4, Experimental write-up, data analysis and data plotting, observations and
and Number calculations etc.,

Assessment and Mid-Term Assessment: 35%

Examinations Formative Assessment: (25%): It includes classroom participation, attendance, assignments and
presentations, homework, attitude and behavior, hands-on-activities, short tests, quizzes etc.
Final Term Assessment: 40%
Text Books 1. Physics laboratory experiments by J. D. Wilson, Cengage Learning (2014).
2. General Physics Laboratory I Experiments by K. Clara Castoldi, Kendall Hunt, (2015).
3. Physics Lab Experiments by M. French, Mercury Learning & Information, (2016).
4. Experiments And Demonstrations In Physics: Bar-ilan Physics Laboratory by
Kraftmakher Yaakov, World Scientific (2014).

Course Title LINEAR ALGEBRA

Course Code MPHY-203

Credit Hours CH3

Pre- requisites MPHY-101, MPHY-102

Learning outcomes The aims of this course are to introduce the basic ideas of linear algebra.

Contents System of Linear Equation and Matrices: Introduction to system of Linear Equations, Gaussian
Elimination.
Matrices and Matrix Operations: addition, transposition, linearity, matrix multiplication,
properties of matrix multiplication, matrix inversion, methods of finding inverses, elementary
matrices and equivalence.
Determinants: Calculation by Cofactor Expansion, Row Reduction and Cramer's Rule, Other
Properties of Determinants, orthogonal projection, determinants, additional properties of
determinants.

14
 Euclidean Vector Spaces: vectors in 2-Space, 3-Space and n-Space, subspaces, four fundamental
subspaces, Operations on Vectors in Spaces, vector norms, inner-product spaces, orthogonal vectors,
invariant subspaces, norms, inner products, and orthogonality.
General Vector Spaces: Real Vector Spaces, Subspaces, linear independence, Coordinates and
basis, dimension, change of basis, row/column/null-space, rank, nullity cand the fundamental matrix
spaces, matrix transformations, properties of matrix transformations.
Eigenvalue Problem and Inner Product Spaces: Eigenvalues and eigenvectors, properties of
Eigen systems, diagonalization by similarity transformations, functions of diagonalizable matrices,
Gram-Schmidt Process
Inner Product Spaces: Inner Products, Angle and Orthogonality in Inner Product Spaces, Gram–
Schmidt Process; QR-Decomposition, Best Approximation; Least Squares, Least Squares Fitting to
Data, Function Approximation; Fourier Series.
Teaching-learning Classroom teaching / Lecturing
Strategies

Assignments- Types Problem sheet: 3-4

and Number

Assessment and Mid-Term Assessment: 35%

Examinations Formative Assessment: (25%): It includes classroom participation, attendance, assignments and
presentations, homework, attitude and behavior, hands-on-activities, short tests, quizzes etc.
Final Term Assessment: 40%
Text Books 1. Elementary linear algebra: applications version (11th Edition) by H. Anton and C. Rorres,
Wiley (2010).
2. Mathematical Methods for Physicists (7th Edition) by G. B. Arfken, H. J. Weber and F. E.
Harris, Academic Press (2012).
3. Mathematics for physicists by P. Dennery and A. Krzywicki, Dover Publications (2012).
1. Mathematical methods for physics and engineering by K. F. Riley, M. P. Hobson, and S.
J. Bence (3rd Edition), Cambrige (1999).

Course Title BASIC ELECTRONICS

Course Code GNAT-201

Credit Hours CH3

Pre- requisites FSc / A-Level (Physics) or equivalent

Learning outcomes Course is designed to introduce fundamental principles of circuit theory and electronic

Contents Fundamental solid-State principles: Atomic theory, Metals, insulators and semiconductors,
Conduction in Silicon and Germanium, doping, The forbidden energy gap, n and p type
semiconductors.
Semiconductor diode: Introduction to PN-junction diode, Bias, the ideal diode, the practical diode
model, other practical considerations, the complete diode model, voltage-current characteristics.
Common Diode applications: Transformers and power supply, Half-wave rectifiers, full-wave
rectifiers, full-wave Bridge rectifiers, wave shaping circuits using diode, voltage multiplier circuits.
Special applications diodes: Zener diodes, light emitting diodes, photodiodes, capacitance effects
in the PN-junction, other diodes. Circuit analysis: DC circuit analysis, single and multi-loop circuits,
Kirchhoff’s rules, RC circuits, Charging and discharging of a capacitor, RL circuits, AC circuit
analysis using the j-operator, RLC circuits, superposition theorem, Thevenin’s theorem, Norton’s

15
 theorem, the hybrid parameter equivalent model, graphical depiction of hybrid-parameters, variation
of transistor parameters.
Bipolar junction transistors: Introduction to Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs), transistor
construction and operation, transistor characteristics curves, concept of load line. Bipolar Junction
Transistors applications: Transistor as an amplifier, basic transistor configurations, transistor as a
switch, concept of decibels, Feedback principle and circuits.
Teaching-learning Classroom teaching / Lecturing
Strategies

Assignments- Types Problem sheet: 3-4

and Number

Assessment and Mid-Term Assessment: 35%

Examinations Formative Assessment: (25%): It includes classroom participation, attendance, assignments and
presentations, homework, attitude and behavior, hands-on-activities, short tests, quizzes etc.
Final Term Assessment: 40%
Text Books 1. Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits by R. T. Paynter, Prentice Hall, 7th Ed, (2005).
2. Introductory Electric Circuits, by R. T. Paynter, Prentice Hall, (1998).
3. Electronic Devices, by T. L. Floyd, Pearson, 10th Edition, (2017)
4. Grob's Basic Electronics, by M. E Schultz, McGraw-Hill Education, 12th Edition, (2015)
5. Introductory Circuit Analysis, by R. L. Boylestad, Pearson, 13th Edition, (2015)
6. Electronic Principles, by A. P. Malvino, David J. Bates, McGraw-Hill, 8th Edition, (2015).

Course Title DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

Course Code MPHY-204

Credit Hours CH3

Pre- requisites MPHY-101, MPHY-102

Learning outcomes The objectives of this course are to understand different techniques solve the differential equations.
Contents First order differential equation: Definitions and terminology, Initial-value problems, Linear and
nonlinear equations, general solution, Particular solution, explicit solution, implicit solution, First
order differential equation, Separable variables, linear differential equations, exact equations,
Solution by substitution,
Higher order equations: Higher-order differential equations, linear equations (Initial-value and
Boundary value problems, homogeneous equations, non-homogeneous equations), Reduction of
order, Homogeneous linear equations with constant coefficients, Undetermined coefficients
(Superposition approach, Annihilator approach), Variation of parameters, Cauchy-Euler equations,
Solving systems of linear equations by elimination, Spring/Mass systems (Free undamped motion,
Free damped motion and driven motion), Resonance and Beats Series Circuit (RC series circuit, LC
series circuit, RL series circuit and RLC series circuit), nonlinear equations Bernoulli’s equation,
first order non-linear ordinary differential equation, Clairaut’s equation, Riccati equation, higher
order exact linear equations,
Series solution of linear equations: Series solutions about ordinary points, power series solution,
solution about singular points, method of Frobenius series solutions, Legendre’s equation, Bessel’s
equations
Teaching-learning Classroom teaching / Lecturing
Strategies

16
Assignments- Types Problem sheet: 3-4
and Number

Assessment and Mid-Term Assessment: 35%

Examinations Formative Assessment: (25%): It includes classroom participation, attendance, assignments and
presentations, homework, attitude and behavior, hands-on-activities, short tests, quizzes etc.
Final Term Assessment: 40%
Text Books 1. Mathematical Methods for Physicists (7th Edition) by G. B. Arfken, H. J. Weber and F.
E. Harris, Academic Press (2012).
2. A First Course in Differential Equations with Modeling Applications (10th Edition) by
D. G. Zill, Jones and Bartlett (2013).
3. Elementary Differential Equations and Boundary Value Problems by W. E. Boyce, R.
C. DiPrima and D. B. Meade, Wiley (1992).
4. Mathematical methods for physics and engineering, Cambrige University Press (1999)
5. Elementary Differential Equations with Boundary Value Problems by C. H. Edwards
and D. E. Penney, Prentice Hall (1989).

Course Title MATHEMATICAL METHODS

Course Code MPHY-251

Credit Hours CH3

Pre- requisites MPHY-101, MPHY-102

Learning outcomes The main objective of this course is to introduce students with some applied mathematical methods.
Contents Complex numbers and hyperbolic functions: Complex numbers, manipulation of complex
numbers, polar representation of complex numbers, De Moivre’s theorem, Complex logarithm and
complex powers, Applications to differentiation and integration, Hyperbolic functions
Series and limits: Series, Summation of series, Convergence of infinite series, operations with series,
Power series, Taylor series, Evaluation of limits.
Vector Analysis: Vectors in 2-space and 3-space, Vector products, Lines and planes in 3-space,
Vector spaces, Vector algebra (addition, subtraction and multiplication of vectors), Basis vectors,
components and magnitude, Multiplication of two vectors, triple products, equation of lines, planes
and spheres, distance formula using vectors, reciprocal vectors, Vector functions, motion on a curve,
curvature and components of acceleration, partial derivatives, directional derivatives, tangent planes
and normal lines, curl and divergence, line integrals, independence of the path, double integrals,
double integrals in polar coordinates, Green’s theorem, surface integrals, Stokes’ theorem, triple
integrals, divergence theorem, change of variables in multiple integrals, Vector operators acting on
sums and products, combinations of grad, div and Curl, Successive applicators of ∇.
Teaching-learning Classroom teaching / Lecturing
Strategies

Assignments- Types Problem sheet: 3-4

and Number

Assessment and Mid-Term Assessment: 35%

Examinations Formative Assessment: (25%): It includes classroom participation, attendance, assignments and
presentations, homework, attitude and behavior, hands-on-activities, short tests, quizzes etc.
Final Term Assessment: 40%

17
Text Books 1. Mathematical Methods for Physicists (7th Edition) by G. B. Arfken, H. J. Weber and F. E.
Harris, Academic Press (2012).
2. Advance Engineering Mathematics by D. G. Zill and W. S. Wright (6th Edition), Jones and
Bartlett (2018).
3. Mathematical methods for physics and engineering by K. F. Riley, M. P. Hobson, and S. J.
Bence (3rd Edition), Cambridge (1999).
4. Advance Engineering Mathematics by E. Kreyszig (9th Edition), Jone Wiley & Sons (2006).
5. Mathematical Methods for Physicists: A Concise Introduction by T. L. Chow, Cambridge
(2000).

Course Title MODERN PHYSICS

Course Code MPHY-231

Credit Hours CH3

Pre- requisites MPHY-111, MPHY-112, MPHY-221

Learning outcomes Modern Physics is a one-semester course covering major concepts of twentieth-century physics.

Contents Relativity: Invariance of physical laws, relativity of simultaneity, relativity of time intervals lengths,
Lorentz transformations, Dopplers effects of Electromagnetic waves, Relativistic momentum, work
and energy, Newtonian mechanics and relativity.
Wave particle and duality: Photoelectric effect, X-ray productions, Compton scattering and pair
production, Wave particle duality, probability and Uncertainty, Electron waves, The nuclear atom
and atomic spectra, energy levels and Bohr model of atom, Laser continuous spectra, Uncertainty
principle.
Wave functions and atomic structure: Wave function and one dimension Schrodinger Wave
equation, Particle in a box, potential wells, Potential barrier and tunneling, Harmonic Oscillator,
Measurements in quantum mechanics, Schrodinger equation in three dimensions, Particles in three-
dimensional box, Hydrogen atom, Zeeman effect, Electron spin, Many electron atoms and Exclusion
principle, X-ray spectra, Quantum entanglement, statistical distributions, Maxwell-Boltzman
statistics, molecular energies in an ideal gas, quantum statistics.
Molecules and condense matter: Types of molecular bonds, Molecular spectra, Structures of solids,
Energy Bands, Free electron model of metals, Semiconductors, semiconductor devices,
Superconductivity.
Nuclear, particle physics, and cosmology: Nuclear properties, stable nuclei, binding energy,
radioactive decays, half-life, alpha decay, beta decay, gamma decay, cross-section, nuclear reaction,
nuclear fission, nuclear reactor, nuclear fusion. Carbon dating. Applications of nuclear physics
fundamental particles, particle accelerators and detectors, particle interactions, Standard Model and
beyond, expanding universe and beginning of time.
Teaching-learning Classroom teaching / Lecturing
Strategies

Assignments- Types Problem sheets: 3-4

and Number

Assessment and Mid-Term Assessment: 35%

Examinations Formative Assessment: (25%): It includes classroom participation, attendance, assignments and
presentations, homework, attitude and behavior, hands-on-activities, short tests, quizzes etc.
Final Term Assessment: 40%

18
Text Books 1. Concepts of Modern Physics, A, Beiser, McGraw Hill, (6th edition), (2002).
2. Physics (Vol. 1 & 2) by R. Resnick, D. Halliday and K. S. Krane (5th Edition), Wiley (2002).
3. University Physics with Modern Physics by H. D. Young, R. A. Freedman (14th Edition),
Addison-Wesley (2015).
4. Quantum Physics by E. H. Wichmann, Berkeley Physics Course Volume 4, Berkeley (1965)
5. Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics by D. C. Giancoli (4th Edition),
Addison-Wesley (2008).

Course Title PHYSICS LAB III

Course Code MPHY-263

Credit Hours CH 1

Pre- requisites MPHY-231

Learning outcomes To train students in performing experiments related to modern physics

Contents Modern Physics: Measurement of wavelengths of laser light by using Michelson interferometer,
The determination of Cauchy’s constants using spectrometer, To determine e/m of an electron using
a fine beam tube, To measure Planck’s constant by studying photoelectric effect, To measure the
critical potential of mercury by Frank-Hertz method, To study the Black-Body radiation, To study
the characteristics curve of solar cell, Neon flash bulb experiment, Ionization potential experiment,
Millikan oil drop experiment, speed of light experiment.

*Note: Any eight experiments must be performed subject to the availability of apparatus.
Teaching-learning Classroom teaching / Lecturing, practical
Strategies

Assignments- Types Problem sheet, 3-4, Experimental write-up, data analysis and data plotting, observations and
and Number calculations etc.,

Assessment and Mid-Term Assessment: 35%

Examinations Formative Assessment: (25%): It includes classroom participation, attendance, assignments and
presentations, homework, attitude and behavior, hands-on-activities, short tests, quizzes etc.
Final Term Assessment: 40%
Text Books 1. Physics laboratory experiments by J. D. Wilson, Cengage Learning (2014).
2. General Physics Laboratory I Experiments by K. Clara Castoldi, Kendall Hunt, (2015).
3. Physics Lab Experiments by M. French, Mercury Learning & Information, (2016).
4. Experiments And Demonstrations In Physics: Bar-ilan Physics Laboratory by
Kraftmakher Yaakov, World Scientific (2014).

19
Course Title CLASSICAL MECHANICS

Course Code MPHY-314

Credit Hours CH3

Pre- requisites MPHY-111

Learning outcomes To introduce students with the basic concepts of dynamical systems and to develop Lagrangian and
Hamiltonian formulation of mechanics.

Contents Newtonian Mechanics: Kinematics, description of motion, space, time and coordinate systems,
displacement, velocity and acceleration, Newtonian mechanics, laws of motion, inertial and non-
inertial frames, work, energy and conservation theorems, system of particles and conservation
theorems for system of particles.
Lagrangian formulation: Lagrangian formulation in generalized coordinates, constraints,
principle of virtual work, D’Alembert’s principle, Lagrange equations of motion, cyclic
coordinates, Routhian function and noncyclic coordinates, forces of constraints and Lagrange
multipliers, velocity dependent potentials, charged particle in an electromagnetic field.
Central force problem: Central force problem, reduction of two-body problem, reduced mass,
conservation in central force field, Kepler laws, properties of motion in central force field, effective
potential, calculations of orbits of planets, derivation of Kepler’s laws, stability of circular orbits,
Rutherford scattering, impact parameter and scattering angle, scattering cross section, derivation of
Rutherford scattering formula.
Variational Methods: Methods in calculus of variations, Euler’s equations, second form of Euler’s
equations, Beltrami identity, some examples of calculus of variations, Hamilton’s principle of least
action, Lagrange equations. Space time symmetries and conservation laws, homogeneity and
isotropy, cyclic coordinates, integrals of motion, Noether’s Theorem, Legendre’s transformation,
Hamiltonian and Hamilton’s equations of motion, Poisson brackets and their properties, phase
space and phase portrate.
Teaching-learning Classroom teaching / Lecturing
Strategies

Assignments- Types Problem sheet: 3-4

and Number

Assessment and Mid-Term Assessment: 35%

Examinations
Formative Assessment: (25%): It includes classroom participation, attendance, assignments and
presentations, homework, attitude and behavior, hands-on-activities, short tests, quizzes etc.

Final Term Assessment: 40%

Text Books 1. Classical Mechanics by H. Goldstein, C. P. Poole and J. L. Safko, Pearson New International
Edition, (2014)
2. Classical Dynamics of Particles and Systems, S. T. Thornton and J. B. Marion, Cengage
Learning, 5th Edition, (2012)
3. Classical Mechanics by T. L. Chow (2nd Edition), CRC Press (2013)
4. Classical Mechanics, D. Strauch, Springer (2009)
5. Classical Mechanics, M. J. Benacquista and J. D. Romano, Springer (2018)

20
Course Title MATHEMATICAL METHODS OF PHYSICS-I

Course Code APHY-352

Credit Hours CH3

Pre- requisites MPHY-101, MPHY-102, MPHY-203

Learning outcomes To understand the working knowledge of mathematical methods used in physics.

Contents Series Solutions: Solutions about ordinary, points, Solutions about singular points, Sturm-
Liouville theory: Introduction, Hermitian operators, Self-Adjoint ordinary differential equations,
making an ordinary differential equation Self-Adjoint Ordinary differential equation eigenvalue
problems, completeness of eigenfunctions, Green’s functions: Green’s function for one-
dimensional problem, eigenfunction expansion of Green’s function, special functions, Gamma and
Beta function: Definitions and properties (Infinite Limit, Euler integral Infinite product),
Functional relation, Analytical properties, Factorial notation Digamma and polygamma functions,
Beta function, Special functions: Bessel functions of first kind, orthogonality, Neumann functions,
Bessel functions of the second kind, Hankel functions, modified Bessel functions, asymptotic
expansions, spherical Bessel functions, Legendre functions, Legendre polynomials, orthogonality,
generating function, recurrence relation, associated Legendre equation, spherical harmonics, orbital
angular momentum operator, addition theorem for spherical harmonics, Legendre functions of the
second kind, Hermite functions, Hermite equation as Schrodinger equation of quantum harmonic
oscillator, Laguerre functions and associated Laguerre functions, Fourier series and integral
transform: Fourier series, Fourier transform, properties of Fourier transforms, Fourier convolution
theorem, Fourier transform, discrete Fourier transform, Laplace transforms, properties of Laplace
transforms, Laplace transform of derivatives, Laplace Convolution theorem, inverse Laplace
transform.
Teaching-learning Classroom teaching / Lecturing
Strategies

Assignments- Types Problem sheet: 3-4

and Number

Assessment and Mid-Term Assessment: 35%

Examinations Formative Assessment: (25%): It includes classroom participation, attendance, assignments and
presentations, homework, attitude and behavior, hands-on-activities, short tests, quizzes etc.
Final Term Assessment: 40%
Text Books 1. Mathematical Methods for Physicists (7th Edition) by G. B. Arfken, H. J. Weber and F. E.
Harris, Academic Press (2012)
2. A Guide to Mathematical Methods for Physicists by M. Petrini, G. Pradisi and A. Zaffaroni,
World Scientific Press (2017)
3. Mathematical physics: A modern introduction to its foundations by S. Hassani, Sadri, Springer
(2013)
4. Dennery, Philippe, and André Krzywicki, Mathematics for physicists, Dover Publications
(2012)
5. Mathematical methods for physics and engineering by K. F. Riley, M. P. Hobson, and S. J.
Bence (3rd Edition), Cambridge (1999)
6. Mathematical Methods for Physicists: A Concise Introduction by T. L. Chow, Cambridge
(2000)

21
Course Title SOLID STATE PHYSICS-I

Course Code MPHY-341

Credit Hours CH3

Pre- requisites MPHY-221

Learning outcomes This course deals with basic principles and techniques of Solid-State Physics.

Contents Crystal structure: fundamental types of lattices, primitive and non-primitive unit cells, Wigner-
Seitz unit cell, index system for crystal planes, simple crystal structures.
Wave diffraction and Reciprocal lattice: the reciprocal lattice, diffraction of waves by crystals,
scattered wave amplitude, Bragg’s law, Brillouin zones, Crystal Binding: crystals of inert gases,
ionic crystals, covalent crystals, metals, hydrogen bonds, Crystal vibrations: vibrations of crystals
with mono-atomic basis, two atoms per primitive basis, quantization of elastic waves, phonon
momentum, inelastic scattering by phonons, Thermal properties: Lattice heat capacity, Classical
model, Einstein Model, Debye model, the thermal conductivity and resistivity, Umklapp processes,
Crystal defects: point defects (Frenkel defects, Schottky defects, impurity defects), Line defects.
Teaching-learning Classroom teaching / Lecturing
Strategies

Assignments- Types Problem sheet: 3-4

and Number

Assessment and Mid-Term Assessment: 35%

Examinations Formative Assessment: (25%): It includes classroom participation, attendance, assignments and
presentations, homework, attitude and behavior, hands-on-activities, short tests, quizzes etc.
Final Term Assessment: 40%
Text Books 1. Introduction to Solid State Physics by C. Kittle (8th Edition), Wiley (2012).
2. Solid State Physics by N. W. Ashcroft and D. Mermin, CBS Publishing (1987).
3. Solid State Physics by J. S. Blakemore, Cambridge (1991).
4. Solid State Physics by M. A. Wahab, Narosa Publishing House (1999).
5. Physics of Solids, by J. B. Ketterson, Oxford, (2016).
6. Elementary and Solid-State Physics by M. A. Omar, Pearson (2000).
7. Solid State Physics by S.O. Pillai, New Age International, (2006).

Course Title ELECTORNICS-I

Course Code MPHY-371

Credit Hours CH3

Pre- requisites FSc / A-Level (Physics) or equivalent

Learning outcomes To make students acquire a basic knowledge in solid state electronics including diodes, BJT, etc.

Contents The Semiconductor Diode: P-type, N-type semiconductors, the junction diode (biasing and
characteristics), Diode as rectifier and switch: The ideal diode model, the half wave rectifier, the
full wave rectifier, bridge rectifier, measurement of ripple factor, the capacitor filter, the π filter,
the π -R filter, diode wave shaping circuits (clippers and clampers). Special Diodes: Zener Diode,
Light Emitting Diode, Photodiode, Tunnel Diode, Shockley Diode, Other diodes, Circuit Theory
and Analysis: Models for circuit, one-port and two-port networks, network theorems, hybrid
22
 parameters and equivalent circuit, Power in decibels, The Junction Transistor as an Amplifier:
Transistor voltage and current designations, the junction transistors, the volt-ampere curve of a
transistor, the current amplification factors, the load line and Q point, the common emitter
amplifier, the trans-conductance gm, performance of a CE amplifier, relation between Ai and Av,
the CB amplifier, the CC amplifier, comparison of amplifier performance, DC Bias for the
Transistor: Choice of Q point, variation of Q point, fixed transistor bias, the four resistor bias
circuit, design of a voltage feedback bias circuit, Common emitter, common collector, common
base biasing, Field Effect Transistor: introduction to field effect transistor (FET), Junction field
effect transistor (JFET): operation and static characteristics. Metal oxide semiconductor Field
Effect Transistor (MOSFET), operation in enhancement and depletion modes. FET configurations
and biasing: Common drain, common source and common gate, load line, fixed bias, self-bias and
voltage-divider bias.
Teaching-learning Classroom teaching / Lecturing
Strategies

Assignments- Types Problem sheet: 3-4

and Number

Assessment and Mid-Term Assessment: 35%

Examinations Formative Assessment: (25%): It includes classroom participation, attendance, assignments and
presentations, homework, attitude and behavior, hands-on-activities, short tests, quizzes etc.
Final Term Assessment: 40%
Text Books 1. Electronic Devices, by T. L. Floyd, Pearson, (10th Edition), (2017).
2. Fundamentals: Circuits, Devices and Applications, by T. L. Floyd, D. M. Buchla, Prentice
Hall, (8th Edition), (2009).
3. Electronic Principles, by A. P. Malvino, D. J. Bates, McGraw-Hill, (8th Edition), (2015).
4. Solid State Electronic Devices, by B. Streetman and S. K. Banerjee,Pearson, (7th Ed),
(2015)
5. Grob's Basic Electronics, by M. E Schultz, McGraw-Hill, (12th Edition) (2015)
6. Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, by R. L. Boylestad, L. Nashelsky, Pearson, (11th
Edition), (2012)

Course Title COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS-I

Course Code APHY-353

Credit Hours CH3

Pre- requisites FSc / A-Level (Physics) or equivalent

Learning outcomes To give students an understanding of various computational and numerical techniques used in
physics.

23
Contents Introduction to Computing and C++ control structures: A brief introduction to computing
languages, Overview of C++, Introduction to data types, C++ program structures: sequence,
selection, and repetitions, Control statements: If, If-else, switch, Loop structures: for, while, and
do-while, Functions and Arrays in C++: User-defined functions, Arrays and multidimensional
arrays, Laboratory Practice: Writing programs for the above programming modules, writing code
for problems relating to mathematics and physics, Programming Techniques in Physics: Practical
applications to basic physics problems, Problems in general physics: projectile motion, freely
falling objects, SHM, electricity, electric circuit analysis, oscillating systems, electrostatics, basic
quantum mechanics, electronics, etc. Numerical Methods: Solution of linear algebraic equations,
Introduction to random numbers, Sorting of numbers, Root finding and non-linear sets of equations,
Statistical description of data, Partial differential equations, Differential Equations, Numerical
Integration and applications: Euler-Newton method for solving differential equations, Simple
iterative method, Newton’s Raphson method, Bisection method, Secant Method, Euler’s method,
Runge Kutta method, Trapezoidal Rule, Simpson’s 1/3 Rule, Simpson’s 3/8 Rule, Simple
applications of random numbers, Solution of linear algebraic equations, Ordinary differential
equations.
Teaching-learning Classroom teaching / Lecturing
Strategies

Assignments- Types Problem sheet: 3-4

and Number

Assessment and Mid-Term Assessment: 35%

Examinations Formative Assessment: (25%): It includes classroom participation, attendance, assignments and
presentations, homework, attitude and behavior, hands-on-activities, short tests, quizzes etc.
Final Term Assessment: 40%
Text Books 1. Computational Physics (2006) [2nd Edition] - Nicholas J. Giordano, Hisao Nakanishi,
Pearson prentic hall.
2. Richard Fitzpatrick, 2011, Introduction to Computational Physics, University of Texas.
3. Paul L. Devries and Javier E. Hasbun, 2010, A First Course in Computational Physics,
John Willey and Sons. N.Y..
4. How to program C++ by Robert Lafore.
5. Schaum’s Outlines Programming with C++. Second Edition, John R. Hubbard. PhD.
6. Discovering Modern C++: An Intensive Course for Scientists, Engineers, and
Programmers, 1st edition, Published by Addison-Wesley Professional, 2016.
7. Introduction to MATLAB 7/8 for Engineers, by William J. Palm III. Mc Graw Hill.
8. Physics, Volume (1-2) 5th Edition by David Halliday.

Course Title PHYSICS LAB-IV

Course Code MPHY-364

Credit Hours CH 1

Pre- requisites MPHY-231

Learning outcomes To train students in performing experiments related to nuclear and solid-state physics

Contents
Nuclear Physics: To determine the characteristic of G. M. tube, To measure the range and
maximum energy of  particles, Measurement of half-life of a radioactive source, Characteristics
of G.M. counter, study of fluctuations in random process, Energy dependence of the gamma
absorption coefficient / Gamma spectroscopy
24
 Solid state physics: To Hall effect in n- and p-germanium, Hall effect in n- and p-germanium
(Tesla-meter), Band gap of germanium, study some aspects of Ferromagnetism by drawing B. H.
curve.
*Note: Any eight experiments must be performed subject to the availability of apparatus.
Teaching-learning Classroom teaching / Lecturing, practical
Strategies

Assignments- Types Problem sheet: 3-4

and Number
Experimental write-up, data analysis and data plotting, observations and calculations etc.,

Assessment and Mid-Term Assessment: 35%

Examinations Formative Assessment: (25%): It includes classroom participation, attendance, assignments and
presentations, homework, attitude and behavior, hands-on-activities, short tests, quizzes etc.
Final Term Assessment: 40%
Text Books 1. Physics laboratory experiments by Jerry D. Wilson, Cengage Learning (2014)
2. General Physics Laboratory I Experiments by Kapila Clara Castoldi, Kendall Hunt,
(2015)
3. Physics Lab Experiments by Matthew French, Mercury Learning & Information, (2016)
4. Experiments And Demonstrations In Physics: Bar-ilan Physics Laboratory by
Kraftmakher Yaakov, World Scientific (2014)

Course Title QUANTUM MECHANICS-I

Course Code MPHY-332

Credit Hours CH3

Pre- requisites MPHY-231

Learning outcomes This course offers a systematic introduction to fundamental non-relativistic quantum mechanics.

Contents Introduction to Quantum Mechanics

Wave-particle duality of matter and light, Heisenberg uncertainty principle, Probabilistic
interpretation, Correspondence principle, Complementarity, Atomic spectra, Spontaneous and
stimulated transitions, Lasers
Introduction to wave mechanics: Schrödinger's equation, Linearity and superposition, Wave
functions and wave packets, Probability amplitudes and expectation value, Operators and their
algebra.
Mathematical Tools of Quantum Mechanics
Hilbert Space: Dimension, bases, orthonormal set, Dirac notation, Operators on Hilbert space,
Hermitian and unitary operators, Eigenvalue equations, Matrix representation of various operators,
Representation in discrete and continuous bases, Position and momentum representation, Postulates
of quantum mechanics, Generalized uncertainty principle, Ehrenfest equations.
Solutions to Schrödinger's Equation in One Dimension
Transmission and reflection at a step, Potential Barrier, Barrier penetration, Potential wells,
Quantum tunneling and its applications in technology, Quantum harmonic oscillator, Hermite
Polynomials.
Teaching-learning Classroom teaching / Lecturing
Strategies

25
Assignments- Types Problem sheet: 3-4
and Number

Assessment and Mid-Term Assessment: 35%

Examinations Formative Assessment: (25%): It includes classroom participation, attendance, assignments and
presentations, homework, attitude and behavior, hands-on-activities, short tests, quizzes etc.
Final Term Assessment: 40%
Text Books 1. Introduction to Quantum Mechanics by D. J. Griffiths and D. F. Schroeter (3rd Edition),
Cambridge, (2018)
2. Introductory Quantum Mechanics by R. Liboff (4th Edition), Addison-Wesley (2002)
3. Quantum Mechanics: Concepts and Applications by N. Zettili (2nd Edition), Wiley (2009)
4. Modern Quantum Mechanics by J. Sakuri and Jim, Napolitano (2nd Edition), Pearson
(2010)
5. An Introduction Quantum Mechanics by W. Greiner, Addison Wesley (1980)

Course Title MATHEMATICAL METHODS OF PHYSICS-II

Course Code APHY-354

Credit Hours CH3

Pre- requisites MPHY-352

Learning outcomes To understand mathematical tool such as tensor analysis, group theory and complex analysis.

Contents Vector Integration and Theorem: Line integrals, surface integrals, volume integrals Gauss’s
theorem, Green’s Theorem and Stokes Theorem, Potential Theory: Scalar potential, vector
potential, Gauss Law, Poisson’s equation, Helmholtz’s theorem, Curvilinear Coordinates:
Orthogonal coordinates, Integrals in curvilinear coordinates, Differential operators in curvilinear
coordinates, Circular cylindrical coordinates, spherical polar coordinates, Tensor Analysis:
Cartesian tensors, First- and zero-order Cartesian tensors, second- and higher-order Cartesian
tensors, the algebra of tensors, the quotient law, Kronecker delta δ_ij and Levi Civita tensor ε_ijk,
Isotropic tensors, improper rotations and pseudo tensors, dual tensors, physical applications of
tensors, integral theorems for tensors, non-Cartesian coordinates, the metric tensor, General
coordinate transformations and tensors, relative tensors, derivatives of basis vectors and Christoffel
symbols, covariant differentiation, vector operators in tensor form, absolute derivatives along
curves, Complex analysis: Complex numbers, powers and roots, Sets in the Complex planes,
Functions of a complex variables, Cauchy–Riemann equations, Exponential and Logarithmic
functions, Contour Integrals, Cauchy-Goursat theorem, Independence of path, Cauchy’s Integral
formulas, Sequences and Series, Taylor series, Laurent Expansion, Zeros and Poles, Singularities,
Residues and Residues Theorem, Evaluation of real Integrals.
Teaching-learning Classroom teaching / Lecturing
Strategies

Assignments- Types Problem sheet: 3-4

and Number

Assessment and Mid-Term Assessment: 35%

Examinations Formative Assessment: (25%): It includes classroom participation, attendance, assignments and
presentations, homework, attitude and behavior, hands-on-activities, short tests, quizzes etc.
Final Term Assessment: 40%
Text Books 1. Mathematical Methods for Physicists (7th Edition) by G. B. Arfken, H. J. Weber and F. E.
Harris, Academic Press (2012)

26
 2. A Guide to Mathematical Methods for Physicists by M. Petrini, G. Pradisi and A. Zaffaroni,
World Scientific Press (2017)
3. Mathematical physics: A modern introduction to its foundations by S. Hassani, Sadri,
Springer (2013)
4. Mathematics for physicists, by P. Dennery and A. Krzywicki Dover Publications (2012).
5. Mathematical methods for physics and engineering by K. F. Riley, M. P. Hobson, and S. J.
Bence (3rd Edition), Cambrige (1999)
6. Mathematical Methods for Physicists: A Concise Introduction by T. L. Chow, Cambridge
(2000)
7. Contemporary Abstract Algebra by J. A. Gallian (8th Edition), Cengage Learning (2013)

Course Title SOLID STATE PHYSICS-II

Course Code MPHY-342

Credit Hours CH3

Pre- requisites MPHY-341

Learning outcomes To equip students with fundamental concepts of solid-state physics.

Contents Free electron Fermi gas: Concept of crystal potential, energy levels in one dimension, effect of
temperature on the Fermi-Dirac distribution, free electron gas in three dimensions, electrical
conductivity and Ohm’s law, the thermal and electrical conductivities of metals and their ratio, the
motion of free electrons in magnetic fields, Hall effect,
Energy bands: nearly free electron model, the origin of the energy gap, magnitude of the energy
gap, Bloch functions, wave equation of an electron in a periodic potential, crystal momentum of an
electron, solution of the central equation, empty lattice approximation, approximate solution near
a zone boundary, number of orbitals in a band, metals and insulators, Tight binding method, Wigner
Seitz method, pseudopotential method.
Semiconductor crystals: band gap, equation of motion, effective mass, physical interpretation of
the effective mass, effective masses in semiconductors, silicon and germanium, intrinsic carrier
concentration, intrinsic mobility, impurity conductivity, donor states, acceptor states.
Teaching-learning Classroom teaching / Lecturing
Strategies

Assignments- Types Problem sheet: 3-4

and Number

Assessment and Mid-Term Assessment: 35%

Examinations Formative Assessment: (25%): It includes classroom participation, attendance, assignments and
presentations, homework, attitude and behavior, hands-on-activities, short tests, quizzes etc.
Final Term Assessment: 40%
Text Books 1. Introduction to Solid State Physics by C. Kittle (8th Edition), Wiley (2012).
2. Solid State Physics by N. W. Ashcroft and D. Mermin, CBS Publishing (1987).
3. Solid State Physics by J. S. Blakemore, Cambridge (1991).
4. Solid State Physics by M. A. Wahab, Narosa Publishing House (1999).
5. Physics of Solids, by J. B. Ketterson, Oxford, (2016).
6. Elementary Solid State Physics by M. A. Omar, Pearson (2000).
7. Solid State Physics by S.O. Pillai, New Age International, (2006).

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 Course Title ELECTRONICS-II

Course Code MPHY-372

Credit Hours CH3

Pre- requisites MPHY-371

Learning outcomes To be capable of designing rectifiers, amplifiers, oscillators, and multi vibrators and to design circuits

Contents Amplifiers and their frequency response: Cascade amplifier, The Amplifier pass band, the
frequency plot (Bode plot), Low frequency analysis, Low frequency limit, the un-bypassed emitter
resistor, high frequency equivalent circuit and analysis, The Miller Effect, high frequency limit of
transistor, bandwidth of a cascade amplifier.
Feedback amplifiers: Feedback concepts, Positive and Negative feedback, Principle of feedback
amplifier, stabilization of gain by negative feedback, Bandwidth improvement, Reduction of
nonlinear distortion, control of amplifier output and input resistance, current series feedback circuit,
voltage shunt feedback circuit.
Oscillators: Oscillator, operation and feedback principles, the oscillatory circuit and frequency
stability, oscillators with LC, RC feedback circuits, Phase-shift Oscillator.
Power and operational amplifiers: differential Amplifier Circuit, Common mode rejection ratio,
operational amplifier (Op-Amp), Inverting and Non-inverting configuration, Op-Amp
Applications, Multivibrators: Basic types of Multivibrators, A stable Multivibrator, Mono-stable
Multivibrator, Bi-stable Multivibrator, Flip-flop.
Digital electronics: Binary systems, octal and hexadecimal numbers and their conversions,
complements, arithmetic addition and subtraction, binary codes “BCD”, Excess-3”, “Gray code”,
Boolean algebra and logic gates, basic theorems and properties of Boolean algebra, Boolean
functions, canonical and standard forms, digital logic gates, digital logic functions, gate-level
minimization, Karnaugh-map, product of sum and sum of products simplifications, NAND and
NOR implementation.
Teaching-learning Classroom teaching / Lecturing, practical
Strategies

Assignments- Types Problem sheet: 3-4

and Number

Assessment and Mid-Term Assessment: 35%

Examinations Formative Assessment: (25%): It includes classroom participation, attendance, assignments and
presentations, homework, attitude and behavior, hands-on-activities, short tests, quizzes etc.
Final Term Assessment: 40%
Text Books 1. Electronic Devices (Conventional Current ver) by T. L. Floyd, Pearson, 10th Ed, (2017)
2. Electronics Fundamentals: Circuits, Devices and Applications, by L. Floyd, David M.
Buchla, Prentice Hall, 8th Edition, (2009)
3. Electronic Principles, by A. P. Malvino, D. J. Bates, McGraw-Hill, 8th Edition, (2015)
4. Solid State Electronic Devices, by B. Streetman and S.K. Banerjee, Pearson, 7th Ed, (2015)
5. Grob's Basic Electronics, by M. E Schultz, McGraw-Hill Education, 12th Edition, (201)5
6. Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, by Robert L. Boylestad, Louis Nashelsky, Pearson,
11th Edition, (2012)
7. J. D. Ryder and Charles M. Thomson "Electronic circuits and systems" Prentice Hall
8. Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits (Conventional Flow Version), by Robert T.
Paynter, Prentice Hall, 7th Edition, (2005)
9. Digital Fundamentals, by T. L. Floyd, Pearson, 11th Edition, (2014).

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 Course Title COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS-II

Course Code APHY-355

Credit Hours CH3

Pre- requisites APHY-353

Learning outcomes To make students understand how to program with MATLAB or PYTHON or MATHEMATICA in
solving physical problems with numerical methods.
Contents Introduction to Scientific Computing and Fundamentals of MATLAB: Scientific computing
programs and data visualization, Introduction to MATLAB and MATLAB programming,
Fundamentals of program structure: sequence, selection, and repetition structures, MATLAB
variables, scalar, vectors, and matrix manipulation, Arithmetic, equality, and relational operators,
User-defined functions and procedures, Data Processing and Visualization in MATLAB: Data
processing, visualization, and plotting, Drawing graphs: subplot, plot, bar, stem, stairs, 3D plots,
mesh-grid, and contour plots, Simulations and Numerical Methods in MATLAB: Simulations
for 2D and 3D plots, Arithmetic and algebra, Calculus and graphics, Problems in general physics:
distance-time, transport-route analysis, vector-displacement, current-power dissipation, data
sorting, flight of rocket, Solving Systems of Equations: Solving systems of linear equations:
matrix method and Crammer’s rule, Projectile motion applications and simulations, Applications
and Visualization Techniques: Euler’s Method: applications, simulations, and visualization,
Circuit analysis: charge-current study (RC, RL, LC, and RLC circuits), Motion of freely falling
objects, SHM, DHM, FHM: Electricity and magnetism: motion of a charged particle in electric
and/or magnetic field, Electric circuit analysis and oscillating systems, Computational physics &
Simulations: Techniques for random number generation and applications, Numerical
differentiation and integration, Introduction to random numbers and random walk, problem solving
with random numbers, Introduction to Monte Carlo simulation, Electrostatics and basic quantum
mechanics, Simple problems and simulations, Use of computation and computer graphics to
simulate the behavior of simple physics problems, Computational techniques in investigating and
visualizing fundamental physics.
Teaching-learning Classroom teaching / Lecturing, practical
Strategies

Assignments- Types Problem sheet: 3-4

and Number

Assessment and Mid-Term Assessment: 35%

Examinations Formative Assessment: (25%): It includes classroom participation, attendance, assignments and
presentations, homework, attitude and behavior, hands-on-activities, short tests, quizzes etc.
Final Term Assessment: 40%
Text Books 1. Introduction to MATLAB 7/8 for Engineers, by William J. Palm III. Mc Graw Hill.
2. MATLAB and its applications in engineering 2nd Ed, Bansal Goel Sharma, Peasons.
3. Computational Physics (2006) [2nd Edition] - Nicholas J. Giordano, Hisao Nakanishi,
Pearson prentice hall.
4. Richard Fitzpatrick, 2011, Introduction to Computational Physics, University of Texas.
5. Numerical Methods Using MATLAB, 4th Edition, George Lindfield, Aston University;
John Penny, Aston University Academic Press, 2019, ISBN: 978-0-12-812256-3;
6. R. H. Landau, M. J. Paez and C. C. Bordieanu , 2007, Computational Physics: Problem
solving with Computers, 2nd Edition, Wiley VCHVerlag GmbH & Co KgaA.
7. Andi Klein and Alexander Godunov, 2006, Introductory Computational Physics,
Cambridge University Press.
8. Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB for Engineers and Scientists by Steven C.
Chapra 2nd Edition.

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 Course Title PHYSICS LAB-V

Course Code MPHY-365

Credit Hours CH1

Pre- requisites MPHY-371

Learning outcomes To train students in performing experiments related to electronics

Contents Electronics: To construct a power supply by using Bridge rectifier and study its output without
and with a capacitor filter, (b) Design a full-wave rectifier and study its output with a π-filter, (c)
Design a regulated power supply using Zener diode and study its regulation. To construct clipper
and clamping circuits and study the output waveshapes. Design differentiator and integrator circuits
and study output waveshapes. Design a CE amplifier and study its frequency response. Determine
its low- and upper-limit frequencies and the bandwidth. Design an emitter amplifier and determine
its input and output impedance. Design an RC phase-shift oscillator and determine its frequency by
Lissajous figures. Design a multivibrator and determine its frequency. To construct from discrete
components OR, AND, NOT, NAND, NOR Circuits and verify their truth tables, Kirchhoff laws
experiment, Semiconductor diodes and transistors, Digital multimeter and power supplies, Arduino
base experiment, LED and LDR experiments.

*Note: Any eight experiments must be performed subject to the availability of apparatus
Teaching-learning Classroom teaching / Lecturing, practical
Strategies

Assignments- Types Problem sheet: 3-4

and Number Experimental write-up, data analysis and data plotting, observations and calculations etc.
Assessment and Mid-Term Assessment: 35%
Examinations Formative Assessment: (25%): It includes classroom participation, attendance, assignments and
presentations, homework, attitude and behavior, hands-on-activities, short tests, quizzes etc.
Final Term Assessment: 40%
Text Books 1. Physics laboratory experiments by Jerry D. Wilson, Cengage Learning (2014)
2. General Physics Laboratory I Experiments by Kapila Clara Castoldi, Kendall Hunt, (2015)
3. Physics Lab Experiments by Matthew French, Mercury Learning & Information, (2016)
4. Experiments And Demonstrations In Physics: Bar-ilan Physics Laboratory by Kraftmakher
Yaakov, World Scientific (2014).

Course Title QUANTUM MECHANICS-II

Course Code MPHY-433

Credit Hours CH3

Pre- requisites MPHY-332

Learning outcomes The second course provides a basis for further concepts of quantum mechanics

Contents Angular Momentum: Angular momentum and spherical harmonics, Space quantization,
Quantization of angular momentum and energy, Schrödinger's equation in three dimensions,

30
 Central potentials and hydrogenic systems, Solution of Schrodinger wave equation for Hydrogen
atom, quantum numbers, Electron probability density, Radiative transitions and selection rules,
Zeeman effect,
Spin: Spin angular momentum and Pauli matrices, Stern-Gerlach experiment, Precession in a
magnetic field, Composite systems and tensor product of Hilbert spaces, Addition of angular
momenta, Spin-orbit coupling.
Identical Particles: Identical particles and second quantization, Indistinguishability, Quantum
dynamics of identical particle systems, Exchange degeneracy, Symmetrization postulates,
Constructing symmetric and anti-symmetric wavefunctions, Systems of identical non-interacting
particles, Exchange symmetry and exclusion principle.
Approximation Methods for Stationary States: Time-independent perturbation theory, non-
degenerate and degenerate levels, Fine structure and anomalous Zeeman effect, Variational method,
WKB approximation, Bound states for potential wells.
Time-Dependent Perturbation Theory: Pictures of quantum mechanics, Schrödinger,
Heisenberg, and interaction picture, Transition probability and Fermi Golden Rule, Interaction of
atoms with radiation.
Scattering Theory: Theory of scattering, scattering experiments and cross sections, scattering
amplitudes, Potential scattering, Method of partial waves, Born approximation.
Teaching-learning Classroom teaching / Lecturing, practical
Strategies

Assignments- Types Problem sheet: 3-4

and Number

Assessment and Mid-Term Assessment: 35%

Examinations Formative Assessment: (25%): It includes classroom participation, attendance, assignments and
presentations, homework, attitude and behavior, hands-on-activities, short tests, quizzes etc.
Final Term Assessment: 40%
Text Books 1. Introduction to Quantum Mechanics by D. J. Griffiths and D. F. Schroeter (3rd Edition),
Cambridge, (2018)
2. Introductory Quantum Mechanics by R. Liboff (4th Edition), Addison-Wesley (2002)
3. Quantum Mechanics: Concepts and Applications by N. Zettili (2nd Edition), Wiley (2009)
4. Modern Quantum Mechanics by J. J. Sakuri and Jim J. Napolitano (2nd Ed, Pearson (2010).
5. An Introduction Quantum Mechanics by W. Greiner, Addison Wesley (1980).

Course Title CLASSICAL ELECTRODYNAMICS-I

Course Code MPHY-422

Credit Hours CH3

Pre- requisites MPHY-221

Learning outcomes This course gives understanding of the basic concepts of classical electrodynamics.

Contents Electrostatics: The basic concepts (Electric charge, Coulomb’s law, the electric field, the
electrostatic potential, Gauss’s law, application of Gauss’s law etc) , the electric dipole, multipole
expansion of electric fields, the Dirac delta function, Poisson’s equation, Laplace’s equation,
Laplace’s equation in one independent variable, solution to Laplace’s equation, conducting sphere
in a uniform electric filed, electrostatic images, Polarization in dielectrics, field outside a dielectric
medium, the electric field inside a dielectric, Gauss’s law in a dielectric: the electric displacement,
electric susceptibility and dielectric constant, point charge in a dielectric fluid, boundary conditions
on the field vectors, boundary-value problems involving dielectrics, method of images for problems

31
 involving dielectrics, Potential energy of a group of point charges, electrostatic energy of a charge
distribution, energy density of an electrostatic field, related problems,
Electric Current: Electric Current and Magnetostatics, Nature of the current, current density:
equation of continuity, Ohm’s law: conductivity, steady currents in continuous media, approach to
electrostatic equilibrium, the definition of magnetic induction, forces on current-carrying
conductors, the law of Biot and Savart, elementary applications of the Biot and Savart law,
Ampere’s circuital law, the magnetic vector potential, the magnetic field of a distant circuit, the
magnetic scalar potential, magnetic flux, related problems.
Teaching-learning Classroom teaching / Lecturing
Strategies

Assignments- Types Problem sheet: 3-4

and Number

Assessment and Mid-Term Assessment: 35%

Examinations Formative Assessment: (25%): It includes classroom participation, attendance, assignments and
presentations, homework, attitude and behavior, hands-on-activities, short tests, quizzes etc.
Final Term Assessment: 40%
Text Books 1. Foundation of Electromagnetic Theory, Reitz, Milford, (4th Ed), Addison-Wesley (2009).
2. Introduction to Electrodynamics, David J. Griffiths (4th Edition), Prentice Hall (2013).
3. Classical Electrodynamics, J.D. Jackson, third edition, John Wiley (2012).
4. Elements of Electromagnetics by M. N. O. Sadiku (5th Edition), Oxford (2009).

Course Title STATISTICAL PHYSICS

Course Code MPHY-443

Credit Hours CH3

Pre- requisites MPHY-332, MPHY-342

Learning outcomes This course will develop basic knowledge of statistical mechanics at the undergraduate level and to use
this knowledge to describe macroscopic systems, thermodynamic potentials and ensembles.
Contents Review of concepts of thermodynamics: heat, work, energy, entropy, laws of thermodynamics,
thermodynamic potentials, chemical potentials, Maxwell relations.
Classical statistics: Phase space description of physical systems, Conserved Quantities and
Accessible, phase Space, Ensemble and its averages, Liouville’s theorem, Ergodic Hypothesis,
Statistical Entropy.
Statistical ensembles: Micro canonical Ensemble, Canonical Ensemble and Grand canonical
ensemble calculation of partition functions and its relation with thermodynamic quantities, Simple
Applications of Ensemble Theory, Entropy of Mono atomic ideal gas , Gibb’s paradox ,Sackur-
Tetrode Equation, Equipartition theorem and examples (ideal gas, harmonic oscillator), specific
heat of solids.
Quantum statistics: Basic concept of quantum statistics, Pauli exclusion principle, Bose-Einstein
and Fermi-Dirac distributions, frequency spectrum of a black body and Planck’s radiation law,
energy distribution of conduction electrons in metals, degree of gas degenerations, completely
degenerate Fermi-Dirac gas, concept of fluctuations, Bose-Einstein condensation. Density matrix
Formalism.
Teaching-learning Classroom teaching / Lecturing
Strategies

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Assignments- Types Problem sheet: 3-4
and Number

Assessment and Mid-Term Assessment: 35%

Examinations Formative Assessment: (25%): It includes classroom participation, attendance, assignments and
presentations, homework, attitude and behavior, hands-on-activities, short tests, quizzes etc.
Final Term Assessment: 40%
Text Books 1. Elementary Statistical Physics, C. Kittle John Wiley, New York, 1958.
2. Statistical Mechanics, R. K. Pathria, Butterworth-Heinemann, 2001
3. Statistical Mechanics, K. Haung, John-Wiley and sons, 2002.
4. Statistical Mechanics, W. Brewer, F. Schwabl, Springer, 2006.
5. Statistical Physics of Fields by M. Kardar, Cambridge University Press, 2007.
6. Fundamentals of Statistical and Thermal Physics, F. Reif, Waveland Pr Inc, 2008.
7. Statistical Mechanics in a Nutshell by L. Peliti, Princeton University Press, 2011.

Course Title NUCLEAR PHYSICS

Course Code MPHY-434

Credit Hours CH3

Pre- requisites MPHY-332

Learning outcomes To describes the fundamental principles and concepts of nuclear physics.
Contents Properties of Nucleus: Basic Properties of Nucleus, nuclear size, mass, radius, binding energy and
semi-empirical mass formula, applications of semi-empirical mass formula, nuclear spin, magnetic
dipole moment, electric quadrupole moment, parity, Nuclear Force, nature of nuclear force between
nucleons, the deuteron, properties of the nuclear force.
Radioactive Decays: basic alpha decay processes, quantum theory of alpha decay and explanation
of observed phenomena, angular momentum and parity in alpha decay, measurement of -ray
energies, Fermi theory of -decay, angular momentum and parity selection rules, neutrino
hypothesis, double beta decay, parity violation in beta decay, theory of gamma decay, multipolarity
of gamma-rays, angular momentum and parity selection rules.
Nuclear Models and Reactions: Nuclear shell model, Nuclear Reactions, types of nuclear
reactions and conservation laws, Coulomb scattering, nuclear scattering, Q-value of nuclear
reaction, threshold energy, cross section from nuclear reactions, compound nucleus theory of
nuclear reactions, direct reactions, Nuclear fission, description of fission reaction, mass distribution
of fission fragments, average number of neutrons released, fission cross-section, chain reaction,
controlled fission reactions, fission reactors. Nuclear fusion, basic fusion processes, energy released
in nuclear fusion, solar fusion, p-p cycle, CNO cycle, controlled nuclear fusion, D-D and D-T
reactions.
Teaching-learning Classroom teaching / Lecturing
Strategies

Assignments- Types Problem sheet: 3-4

and Number

Assessment and Mid-Term Assessment: 35%

Examinations Formative Assessment: (25%): It includes classroom participation, attendance, assignments and
presentations, homework, attitude and behavior, hands-on-activities, short tests, quizzes etc.
Final Term Assessment: 40%
Text Books 1. Introductory Nuclear Physics by K. Krane, Wiley (1980)

33
 2. Nuclear and Particle Physics by Burcham, E. E. and Jobes, M., Longman (1995)
3. Nuclear and Particle Physics by Martin, R. B., John Wiley (2006)
4. Nuclear Physics by I. Kaplan, Addison-Wesley (1980).
5. Nuclear Physics in a nutshell, by C.A. Bertulani, Princeton, (2007).
6. Nuclear Physics by A. Kamal, Springer, (2014)
7. Foundations of Nuclear and Particle Physics, Donnelly and Formaggio, Cambridge (2017)
8. Nuclear Physics: Principles and Applications by J. Lilley, John Wiley (2013).

Course Title CLASSICAL ELECTRODYNAMICS-II

Course Code MPHY-423

Credit Hours CH3

Pre- requisites MPHY-422

Learning outcomes The second course provides some further topics of classical electrodynamics
Contents Magnetic Properties of matter: Magnetization, the magnetic field produced by magnetized
material, magnetic scalar potential and magnetic pole density, magnetic intensity, magnetic
susceptibility, permittivity and hysteresis, boundary conditions on the field vectors, boundary-value
problems involving magnetic materials, related problems.
Maxwell Equations: Electromagnetic induction, the generalization of Ampere’s law, energy
density in the magnetic field, electromagnetic energy, the wave equation, monochromatic waves,
boundary conditions, the wave equation with sources, vector and scalar potentials, gauge
transformations (Lorentz gauge, coulombs gauge), pressure of radiations, retarded scalar and vector
potentials, covariant formulation of electrodynamics, transformation laws of electromagnetic fields,
related problems.
Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves: Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves, plane
monochromatic waves in non-conducting media, polarization of waves, energy density, plane
monochromatic waves in conducting media, Reflection and refraction at the boundary of two non-
conducting media: normal incidence, reflection and refraction at the boundary of two non-
conducting media, oblique incidence, complex Fresnel coefficients: reflection from a conducting
plane, waveguides, transverse electric and transverse magnetic waves, parallel-plate waveguide,
dielectric waveguides, radiation from an oscillating dipole, related problems, Plasma Physics:
introduction, electrical neutrality in a plasma, particle orbits and drift motion in a plasma, magnetic
mirrors, the hydromagnetic equations, plasma oscillations and wave motion.
Teaching-learning Classroom teaching / Lecturing
Strategies

Assignments- Types Problem sheet: 3-4

and Number

Assessment and Mid-Term Assessment: 35%

Examinations Formative Assessment: (25%): It includes classroom participation, attendance, assignments and
presentations, homework, attitude and behavior, hands-on-activities, short tests, quizzes etc.
Final Term Assessment: 40%
Text Books 1. Foundation of Electromagnetic Theory by J. R. Reitz, F. J. Milford and R. W. Christy
(4thEdition), Addison-Wesley (2009)
2. Introduction to Electrodynamics, David J. Griffiths (4th Edition), Prentice Hall (2013).
3. Classical Electrodynamics, J.D. Jackson, third edition, John Wiley (2012)
4. Elements of Electromagnetics by M. N. O. Sadiku (5thEdition), Oxford (2009).

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 Course Title RELATIVITY AND COSMOLOGY

Course Code MPHY-415

Credit Hours CH3

Pre- requisites MPHY-231, APHY-354

Learning outcomes The purpose of this course is to introduce the field of general relativity and cosmology.
Contents Special theory of relativity: Einstein’s postulates of special relativity, Lorentz transformations,
structure of spacetime, Minkowski spacetime tensors, the light-cone, line element, four-vectors,
relativity of simultaneity, velocity transformation and velocity addition. Force equation in
relativity, rest mass, kinetic and total energy, conservation of energy and momentum. Covariant
form of Maxwell’s equations, four vector potential and field strength tensor.
General theory of relativity: Tensors, Calculus, Manifolds and coordinates, curves and surfaces,
tensor fields, geodesics, Riemann tensor, Bianchi identity, metric tensor, Ricci tensor, Einstein’s
tensor. General Relativity, Principles of general relativity, weak and strong equivalence principle,
equation of geodesics deviation, Einstein’s field equations, tests of general theory of relativity.
Cosmology: Newtonian cosmology, cosmological redshift, luminosity and redshift relation,
Hubble’s law, microwave background, the Big Bang, Friedmann models and cosmological
constant, FRW metric.
Teaching-learning Class room teaching / Lecturing.
Strategies

Assignments- Types Problem sheet: 3-4

and Number

Assessment and Mid-Term Assessment: 35%

Examinations Formative Assessment: (25%): It includes classroom participation, attendance, assignments and
presentations, homework, attitude and behavior, hands-on-activities, short tests, quizzes etc.
Final Term Assessment: 40%
Text Books 1. Introducing Einstein’s Relativity, by R. D’Inverno, Oxford (1992).
2. Dynamics and Relativity by W. D. McComb, Oxford (1999)
3. Introduction to Cosmology by J. V. Narlikar, Cambridge (2002).
4. Introduction to Cosmology by B. Narlikar, Cambridge (2016).
5. Special Relativity: For the Enthusiastic, CreateSpace, (2017).
6. Introduction to General Relativity, C. Bambi, Springer, (2018)

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 Elective Courses

Course Title INTRODUCTORY PARTICLE PHYSICS

Course Code MPHY-435

Credit Hours CH3

Pre- requisites MPHY-332

Learning outcomes This course will provide an introductory survey of modern particle physics.

Contents Particle Classification: Quantum numbers, leptons, quarks, hadrons, baryons, mesons, strange
particles, the eightfold way.
Fundamental interactions: Primitive vertices for EM, strong and weak interactions, Feynman
Diagrams, The electromagnetic coupling, the strong coupling, the weak coupling, Vacuum
Polarization.
Transformation and Conservation Laws: Symmetry Transformation and Conservation Laws
Translation in space, Rotation in space, The group SU (2), isospin, extended Pauli principle,
consequence of isospin conservation.
Systems of identical particles: Parity, Charge conjugation, Time reversal, G parity, CPT theorem,
polarization and photon spin, gauge invariance and Maxwell’s equations, angular momentum,
parity and C-parity of photons.
The quark model: The group SU (3) and its representations, notion of color, quarks, hadrons
(baryons, mesons in quark model).
Teaching-learning Class room teaching / Lecturing
Strategies

Assignments- Types Problem sheet: 3-4

and Number

Assessment and Mid-Term Assessment: 35%

Examinations Formative Assessment: (25%): It includes classroom participation, attendance, assignments and
presentations, homework, attitude and behavior, hands-on-activities, short tests, quizzes etc.
Final Term Assessment: 40%
Text Books 1. Introduction to Elementary Particles by D. Griffiths (2nd Edition), Wiley, (2008).
2. Nuclear and Particle Physics by E. E. Burcham, and M. Jobes, Longman, (1995).
3. Nuclear and Particle Physics by R. B. Martin, Wiley, (2006)
4. Nuclear and Particle Physics by W. S. C. Williams, Oxford, (1995).
5. A Modern Introduction to Particle Physics by Fayyazudding and Riazuddin, World
Scientific, (1992)
6. Quarks and Leptons by F. Halzen and A. D. Martin, Wiley, (1984).

Course Title RELATIVISTIC QUANTUM MECHANICS

Course Code MPHY-436

Credit Hours CH3

Pre- requisites MPHY-332

36
Learning outcomes To provides an understanding of the effects of special relativity in quantum mechanics.

Contents Non relativistic quantum mechanics: Non relativistic quantum mechanics, Lorentz covariance
and 4 vector notation, non-relativistic perturbation theory (brief review), rules for scattering
amplitudes in the Feynman-Stukelberg approach.
The Klein-Gordan (KG) Equation: Solution of KG equation, the Feynman-Stuckelberg
interpretation of E < 0 solutions, Covariant form of the KG Equation.
Dirac Equation: Covariant form of the Dirac Equation, Dirac -matrices, conserved current and
the adjoint equation, free particle spinors, anti-particles, normalization of spinors and the
completeness relations, bilinear covariants, zero mass fermion, Weyl & Majorana spinors, Weyl
equation, Weyl and Majorana representation of the Dirac equation, the two-component neutrino,
V-A interaction, Fermi interaction, unitary and anti-unitary symmetries, CPT symmetries, Dirac
particles in external fields.
Introduction to QED: Feynman Rules in QED, Invariant amplitude, Invariant variables.
Teaching-learning Class room teaching / Lecturing
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Assessment and Mid-Term Assessment: 35%

Examinations Formative Assessment: (25%): It includes classroom participation, attendance, assignments and
presentations, homework, attitude and behavior, hands-on-activities, short tests, quizzes etc.
Final Term Assessment: 40%
Text Books 1. Quarks and Leptons by F. Halzen, and A. D. Martin, Wiley, (1984).
2. Introduction to Elementary Particles by Griffiths, D., 2nd Edition, Wiley, (2008).
3. Relativistic Quantum Mechanics by J. D. Bjorken, and S. D. Drell, McGraw-Hill, (1964)
4. Quantum Mechanics by Riazuddin and Fayyazuddin, World Scientific (1990).

Course Title TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS

Course Code MPHY-444

Credit Hours CH3

Pre-requisites MPHY-342

Learning outcomes To study selected topics in solid state physics such as quantum theory of magnetism and
superconductivity.
Contents Superconductivity: the occurrence of superconductivity, destruction of superconductivity, the
Meissner effect, type I and type II superconductors, heat capacity and isotopic effects in
superconductors, theoretical survey, London equations, BCS theory of superconductivity, origin of
energy gap in superconductors, flux quantization in superconducting ring, Josephson
superconducting tunnelling, DC Josephson effect, AC Josephson effect, applications of
superconductors.
Optical properties of solids: optical processes and observables, fundamental relations for optical
phenomena, Kramer Kronig relations, free carrier contribution to the optical properties (Drude
theory), interband and intraband transitions in solids, Excitons, Types of excitons (Frenkel and
Mott-Wannier Excitions), Raman effects in crystals.

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 Dielectrics and ferro electrics: electric polarization, macroscopic electric field, local electric field
at an atom, Clausius-Mossotti relation, dielectric constant and polarizability, electronic
polarizability, ferroelectricity and ferroelectric crystals.
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Assessment and Mid-Term Assessment: 35%

Examinations Formative Assessment: (25%): It includes classroom participation, attendance, assignments and
presentations, homework, attitude and behavior, hands-on-activities, short tests, quizzes etc.
Final Term Assessment: 40%
Text Books 1. Introduction to Solid State Physics by C. Kittle (8th Edition), Wiley (2012).
2. Solid State Physics by N. W. Ashcroft and D. Mermin, CBS Publishing (1987).
3. Solid State Physics by J. S. Blakemore, Cambridge (1991).
4. Solid State Physics by M. A. Wahab, Narosa Publishing House (1999).
5. Physics of Solids, by J. B. Ketterson, Oxford, (2016).
6. Elementary Solid State Physics by M. A. Omar, Pearson (2000).
7. Solid State Physics by S.O. Pillai, New Age International, (2006)
8. Optical Properties of Solid by M. Fox, Oxford (2001)

Course Title ADVANCED SOLID STATE PHYSICS

Course Code MPHY-445

Credit Hours CH3

Pre- requisites MPHY-342

Learning outcomes This course will provide an introduction to magnetic phenomena in solids

Contents Ferromagnetism and Antiferromagnetism: Ferromagnetic order, Curie temperature and

exchange integral, temperature dependence of saturation magnetization, saturation magnetization
at absolute zero, ferromagnetic order, Curie temperature and susceptibility of ferrimagnets,
antiferromagnetic order, susceptibility below Neel temperature, ferromagnetic domains, magnetic
anisotropy energies, transition region between magnetic domains, origin of magnetic domains,
hysteresis curve, single domain particles, superparamagnetism, magnetic force microscopy.
Magnons: Ferromagnetic magnons, quantization of spin waves, thermal excitation of magnons,
antiferromagnetic magnons, neutron magnetic scattering.
Magnetic resonance: Magnetic resonance phenomenon in magnetism, nuclear magnetic resonance
(NMR), equations of motion, line width, motional narrowing, hyperfine splitting, nuclear
quadrupole resonance, ferromagnetic resonance (FMR), shape effects in FMR, spin wave
resonance, antiferromagnetic resonance, electron paramagnetic resonance, exchange narrowing,
zero-field splitting.
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Assessment and Mid-Term Assessment: 35%
Examinations Formative Assessment: (25%): It includes classroom participation, attendance, assignments and
presentations, homework, attitude and behavior, hands-on-activities, short tests, quizzes etc.
Final Term Assessment: 40%
Text Books 1. Introduction to Solid State Physics by C. Kittle, 8th Edition (2012).
2. Magnetic Materials: Fundamentals and Applications by N. A. Spaldin, 2nd Ed. (2011).
3. Quantum Theory of the Solid State by J. Callaway, 2nd Edition (1991).
4. Introduction to Magnetic Materials by B. D. Cullity & C.D. Graham, 2nd Ed. (2008).

Course Title QUANTUM INFORMATION THEORY

Course Code MPHY-437

Credit Hours CH3

Pre-requisites MPHY-332

Learning outcomes To understand the fundamental concepts of quantum information, communication, computation,
and physical protocols for quantum computation

Contents Review of Quantum Mechanics: Quantum mechanics and quantum information: Postulates of
quantum mechanics, quantum states and observables, Dirac notation, projective measurements,
density operator, pure and mixed states, entanglement, tensor products, no-cloning theorem, mixed
states from pure states in a larger Hilbert space, Schmidt decomposition, generalized
measurements, (CP maps, POVMs), qualitative overview of Quantum Information.
Quantum Communication: Dense coding, teleportation, entanglement swapping, instantaneous
transfer of information, quantum key distribution. Entanglement and its Inseparability of EPR pairs,
Bell inequality for pure and mixed states, entanglement witnesses, Peres- Horodecki criterion,
properties of entanglement measures, pure and mixed state entanglement, relative entropy as
entanglement measure, entanglement and thermodynamics, measuring entanglement.
Quantum Information: Classical information theory (data compression, Shannon entropy, von
Neumann entropy), fidelity, Helstrom’s measurement and discrimination, quantum data
compression, entropy and information, relative entropy and its statistical interpretation, conditional
entropy, Holevo bound, capacity of a quantum channel, relative entropy and thermodynamics,
entropy and erasure, Landauer’s erasure.
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Assessment and Mid-Term Assessment: 35%

Examinations Formative Assessment: (25%): It includes classroom participation, attendance, assignments and
presentations, homework, attitude and behavior, hands-on-activities, short tests, quizzes etc.
Final Term Assessment: 40%
Text Books 1. Introduction to Quantum Information Science by V. Vedral, Oxford (2007).
2. Quantum Computation and Quantum Information by M. Nielsen and I. Chuang (10th
Edition), Cambridge (2010)
3. Problems and Solutions in Quantum Computing and Quantum Information by W. Steeb
and Y. Hardy (3rd Edition), World Scientific Publishing (2011).

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Course Title INTRODUCTION TO PHOTONICS

Course Code MPHY-424

Credit Hours CH3

Pre- requisites MPHY-342

Learning outcomes To study the application of light, studying the photonic devices including detectors.

Contents Guided Wave Optics: Planar slab waveguides, rectangular channel waveguides, Single and multi-
mode optical fibers, waveguide modes and field distributions, waveguide dispersion, pulse
propagation Gaussian Beam Propagation: ABCD matrices for transformation of Gaussian beams,
applications to simple resonators.
Electromagnetic Propagation in Anisotropic Media: Reflection and transmission at anisotropic
interfaces, Jones Calculus, retardation plates, polarizers.
Electro-optics and Acoustic-optics: Linear electro-optic effect, Longitudinal and transverse
modulators, amplitude and phase modulation, Mach-Zehnder modulators, Coupled mode theory,
Optical coupling between waveguides, Directional couplers, Photoelastic effect, Acousto-optic
interaction and Bragg diffraction, Acousto-optic modulators, deflectors and scanners,
Optoelectronics: p-n junctions, semiconductor devices, laser amplifiers, injection lasers,
photoconductors, photodiodes, photodetector noise.
Teaching-learning Class room teaching / Lecturing
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and Number

Assessment and Mid-Term Assessment: 35%

Examinations Formative Assessment: (25%): It includes classroom participation, attendance, assignments and
presentations, homework, attitude and behavior, hands-on-activities, short tests, quizzes etc.
Final Term Assessment: 40%
Text Books 1. Fundamentals of Photonics by B. E. A. Saleh and M. C. Teich (2nd Edition), John Wiley
(2007)
2. Photonic Devices by J-M. Liu, Cambridge (2009)
3. Photonics: Optical Electronics in Modern Communications by A. Yariv and P. Yeh,
Oxford (2006)
4. Optics by E. Hecht (4thEdition), Addison-Wesley (2001)

Course Title QUANTUM SOLID STATE MAGNETISM

Course Code MPHY-446

Credit Hours CH3

Pre- requisites MPHY-342

Learning outcomes Learn the modern theoretical foundations used to describe and study collective magnetic
phenomena in the Solid State.
Contents Magnetic response and correlation functions: Analytic properties, fluctuation-dissipation
theorem, experimental methods to measure static and dynamic correlations, magnetic response and

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 correlations in metals, diamagnetism and paramagnetism, magnetic ground states: ferromagnetism,
spin density waves, excitations in metals, spin waves, experimental examples.
Magnetic response and correlations of magnetic ions in crystals: quantum numbers and
effective Hamiltonians, application of group theory to classifying ionic states, experimental case
studies, magnetic response and correlations in magnetic insulators, effective Hamiltonians,
magnetic order and propagation vector formalism., the use of group theory to classify magnetic
structures, determination of magnetic structures from diffraction data
Excitations: spin wave theory and beyond, Triplons, measuring spin wave spectra.
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Assessment and Mid-Term Assessment: 35%

Examinations Formative Assessment: (25%): It includes classroom participation, attendance, assignments and
presentations, homework, attitude and behavior, hands-on-activities, short tests, quizzes etc.
Final Term Assessment: 40%
Text Books 1. Quamtum Theory of Magnetism, by W. Nolting, Springer, (2009)
2. Quantum Theory of Magnetism, by R. M. White, Springer, (2006)
3. Quantum Magnetism, U. Schollwöck and J. Richter, Springer, (2004)
4. Introduction to Magnetic Materials by B. D. Cullity & C. D. Graham, 2nd Ed. (2008).

Course Title QUANTUM ELECTRONICS

Course Code MPHY-473

Credit Hours CH3

Pre- requisites MPHY-371, MPHY-372

Learning outcomes Develop a basis for understanding the quantum mechanical aspects of modern electronics (lasers,
quantized Hall effect, field effect transistors, optical tweezers, etc.)
Contents Review: Time-independent Schrodinger equation, quantum mechanical tunneling, bound states and
scattering transmission electron microscopy, the energy spectrum of diatomic and aromatic
molecules, the band structure of one-dimensional crystalline and disordered solids, the scattering
time for electron transport in a crystal, the quantized and fractional Hall effect in a two-dimensional
electron gas, Perturbation theory and field quantization: two-state lasers, light pressure forces
on atoms, quantization of LC circuits, Casimir forces, field effect transistors, optical tweezers,
quantum devices, single electron transistor, Spontaneous and stimulated transitions, Einstein
coefficients, Coherence of stimulated emission.
Light matter interaction: Transition probability, Spectral line shape, inhomogeneous and homo-
geneous broadening Absorption and amplification, gain medium, saturation Laser oscillation,
feed-back, lasing threshold, resonant conditions interaction of electromagnetic radiations with
resonant atomic transitions, density matrix treatment, Rabi oscillations.
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Assessment and Mid-Term Assessment: 35%
Examinations Formative Assessment: (25%): It includes classroom participation, attendance, assignments and
presentations, homework, attitude and behavior, hands-on-activities, short tests, quizzes etc.
Final Term Assessment: 40%
Text Books 1. Quantum Theory of The Optical And Electronic Properties Of Semiconductors (5Th
Edition), H. Haug and S. W. Koch, World Scientific, (2009)
2. Quantum Electronics, by A. Yariv,Wiley, (2013)
3. Principles of Quantum Electronics, D. Marcuse, Academic Press, (2012).

Course Title ASTROPHYSICS

Course Code MPHY-416

Credit Hours CH3

Pre- requisites MPHY-415

Learning outcomes This course introduces theory of star formation, the understanding of large-scale structure of the
universe and establish a connection between cosmic rays and particle physics.
Contents Astro-particle physics: Astronomy as an observational science, measuring time, angle, and
distance, luminosity, brightness, temperature and spectral properties, historical relation of cosmic
ray and particle physics, an introduction to standard model of particle physics, cosmic rays in the
galaxy, gamma rays and cosmic rays in external galaxies.
Cosmic ray physics: Cosmic rays, types of cosmic ray experiments, cosmic ray measurement
methods, composition and their models, energy spectra, the knee of the spectrum energy calibration,
background estimation methods, basic event reconstruction, extensive air showers, basic features
of air showers, The Heitler-Mathews splitting, Gaisser model, hadronic interactions and cascades,
hadronic cross sections, Interaction mean free path, particle detector arrays, atmospheric Cherenkov
light detectors, Fluorescence telescopes, radio signal detection.
Gamma ray astronomy: Astrophysical gamma rays and neutrinos, production of gamma rays by
electron bremsstrahlung, shock acceleration and their types, galaxies, active galaxies, galaxy
environments and large-scale structure, the Milky Way galaxy, active galactic nuclei (AGNs),
gamma ray bursts, supernovae and supernova remnants, neutron stars, pulsars wind nebulae, basic
physics of stars, The interstellar medium and the birth of stars; protostars and evolution to the main
sequence; star clusters, The death of stars – white dwarfs, the late evolution of massive stars, the
Big Bang, the cosmic microwave background, expanding universe, black holes and dark energy.
Teaching-learning Class room teaching / Lecturing
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Assessment and Mid-Term Assessment: 35%

Examinations Formative Assessment: (25%): It includes classroom participation, attendance, assignments and
presentations, homework, attitude and behavior, hands-on-activities, short tests, quizzes etc.
Final Term Assessment: 40%
Text Books 1. Cosmic Rays and Particle Physics by Thomas K. Gaisser, Ralph Engel and Elisa
Resconi, 2nd Edition, Cambridge (2016).
2. An Introduction to Modern Astrophysics by B. W. Carroll and D. A. Ostlie, (2nd
Edition), Cambridge (2017)
3. Introduction to Astrophysics: The Stars by J. Dufay and O. Gingerich, Dover (2012)

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 4. Extensive Air Showers by Peter K.F. Grieder, Volume I, Springer (2010)
5. The New Cosmic Onion by Frank Close, Taylor & Francis (2007)
6. High Energy Cosmic Rays by Todor Stanev, 2nd Edition, Springer (2004).

Course Title MEDICAL PHYSICS

Course Code MPHY-467

Credit Hours CH3

Pre- requisites MPHY-434

Learning outcomes To introduce various applications of physics in medical sciences and heath care sector.

Contents Interactions of ionizing radiation with matter: Introduction; Beta-rays, range-energy

relationship, mechanism of energy loos, lionization and excitation, Bremsstrahlung, Alpha-rays,
Rang-energy relation – ship, Energy transfer, Gamma-rays, exponential absorption.
Interaction mechanisms: Pair production, Compton scattering, photoelectric absorption.
photodisintegration, Combined effect, Neutrons, Production classification, interaction, Scattering,
Absorption. Radiotherapy, development of radiotherapy, Radiotherapeutic aims, External beam
therapy, Brachytherapy, Unsealed source therapy, Requirements for accuracy and precision,
Quality assurance, The role of medical physics.
Medical imaging: Diagnostic X-rays, Production of X-rays, Absorption of x-ray to other planes,
Partial volume effect, Artifacts, Contrast agents in conventional radiography and CT, Diagnostic
Ultrasound, Doppler effect, Radionuclide imaging, positron emission tomography (PET), Magnetic
resonance imaging (MRI), Contrast agents for MRI.
Teaching-learning Class room teaching / lecturing
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Assignments- Types Problem sheet: 3-4

and Number

Assessment and Mid-Term Assessment: 35%

Examinations Formative Assessment: (25%): It includes classroom participation, attendance, assignments and
presentations, homework, attitude and behavior, hands-on-activities, short tests, quizzes etc.
Final Term Assessment: 40%
Text Books 1. Introduction to Health Physics by H. Cember. 3rd Ed. McGraw Hill, (1996).
2. Diagnostic Imaging, by Peter Armstrong and Martin L. 4th Ed., Blackwell, (1998).
3. Radiologic Science of Technologists by S. C. Bushong, 5th Ed. Mosby, (1993).
4. Fundamentals of Radiation Dosimetry, by J. R. Greening, 2nd Ed. Adam Hilger, (1985).
5. Radiation Detection and Measurement, by Knol G.F., 2nd Ed. Willey, (1980).
6. Physics of Medical Imaging, by Edwin G. A. Aird, Heinemann, (1988).

Course Title NANO MATERIALS AND NANO DEVICES

Course Code MPHY-481

Credit Hours CH3

Pre- requisites MPHY-342, MPHY-372

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Learning outcomes On completion of this course, the students will be able to understand
• The basics of nanotechnology, synthesis and characterization tools for nanomaterials and
nanodevices, and their potential applications in different fields.
Contents Introduction: Bulk materials, nanomaterials, the dimensionality of nanomaterials (0D, 1D, 2D,)
porous nanomaterials, size-dependent properties of nanomaterials, physical and chemical
properties of nanomaterials, fascinating nanostructures, from nanomaterials to nanodevices,
challenges and future perspectives, potential risks associated with nanomaterials.
Synthesis Techniques: top-down and bottom-up approaches, physical vapor deposition (PVD),
chemical vapor deposition (CVD), electron beam evaporation, thermal evaporation, sol-gel,
hydrothermal, coprecipitation.
Device fabrication: substrate preparation, lithography (types and associated steps), wet and dry
etching, dielectric layer or thin film deposition, metallization and contacts.
Characterization techniques: morphological analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM),
atomic force microscopy (AFM), structural analysis, X-ray diffraction method, unit cell parameters
and crystallite size determination, Debye Scherrer equation.
Functionality of nanomaterials and nanodevices: photocatalysis, biomedical, sensors and energy
storage applications.
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Assessment and Mid-Term Assessment: 35%

Examinations Formative Assessment: (25%): It includes classroom participation, attendance, assignments and
presentations, homework, attitude and behavior, hands-on-activities, short tests, quizzes etc.
Final Term Assessment: 40%
Text Books 1. Mark Ratner, and Daniel Ratner, Nanotechnology A General Introduction to the Next Big
Idea, 2003, Pearson Education.
2. G. Mohan Kumar, Nanotechnology: Nanomaterials and Nanodevices, 2016, Alpha
Science
3. Dr. Sangshetty Kalyane, Basics of Nanotechnology, 2017, Horizon Books.
4. Chattopadhyay K. K., Banerjee A. N., Introduction To Nanoscience And Nanotechnology,
2009, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.
5. Guozhong Cao, and Ying Wang, Nanostructures and Nanomaterials: Synthesis,
Properties, and Applications, 2011, World Scientific.
6. Jaysukh Markna, Tulshi Shiyani, Nanodevices. Principle and Applications, 2019, GRIN
Verlag.
7. Michael F. Ashby, Paulo J. Ferreira, Daniel L. Schodek, Nanomaterials, Nanotechnologies
and Designs, 2009, Elsevier
8. Marc J. Madou, Manufacturing Techniques for Microfabrication and Nanotechnology,
2011, CRC Press.
9. Saburo Nonogaki, Ueno Takumi, Toshio Ito, Microlithography Fundamentals in
Semiconductor Devices and Fabrication Technology, 1998, Taylor & Francis.

Course Title ADVANCED DIGITAL ELECTRONICS

Course Code MPHY-474

Credit Hours CH3

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Pre- requisites MPHY-371, MPHY-372

Learning outcomes In this course, a wide range of topics that expand upon the fundamental principle of digital logic
have been explore. It aims to equip with the skill and understanding to design, analyze and
optimize the complex digital systems.
Contents Review: Basic Adders, Basic Subtractors, Comparators, Decoders and Encoders, Multiplexer and
De Multiplexer, Parity and Parity generator, Parity Checker, Sequential Circuits and Latches, Edge
Triggered Flip Flop.
Counters: Counters and Asynchronous counters, Synchronous Counters, Up/Down Synchronous
Counters, Cascaded Counters, Basic shift register operation, SISO, SIPO, PISO, PIPO Shift
Registers, Shift register Counters, Memory, RAM Family, ROM Family, Programmable ROMs,
Flash Memory, Programmable Logics, SPLDs (Simple programmable Logic Devices), CPLDs
(Complex programmable Logic Devices), Introduction to FPGAs (Field programmable gate array
logic), Converters, Analog to digital converters, Digital to analog converters, Digital signal
processing, Architecture of Computer system: Microprocessor, Basic microprocessor operation,
Computer Interfacing, Direct Memory Access, Bus standards, Integrated circuit technology, CMOS
Circuits, TTL Circuits, ECL Circuits, PMOS, NMOS and E2MO.
Teaching-learning Class room teaching / Lecturing
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Assignments- Types Problem sheet: 3-4

and Number

Assessment and Mid-Term Assessment: 35%

Examinations Formative Assessment: (25%): It includes classroom participation, attendance, assignments and
presentations, homework, attitude and behavior, hands-on-activities, short tests, quizzes etc.
Final Term Assessment: 40%
Text Books 1. Digital Fundamentals by Thomas L. Floyd 11th Edition.
2. Digital Systems: Principles and Applications by Ronald J. Tocci.
3. Digital Electronics by Nigel P. Cook.

Course Title INTRODUCTORY ATOMIC PHYSICS

Course Code M PHY- 438

Credit Hours CH3

Pre- requisites MPHY-332

Learning outcomes Understanding of fundamental properties of atoms and pertinent methods of Quantum Mechanics.

Contents Review: A brief revision of approximation methods in quantum mechanics (perturbation theory,
variational method, WKB method
One Electron Atom: A brief revision of one-electron atoms (The Schrodinger equation for one-
electron atoms, energy levels and eigenfunctions of the bound states of one-electron atom,
Expectation values). The virial theorem, One-electron atoms in parabolic coordinates, Special
hydrogenic systems: positronium; muonium; antihydrogen; muonic and hadronic atoms;
Ryd berg atoms.
Atom in an external Field: The electromagnetic field and its interaction with charged
particles, Transition rates, The dipole approximation, The Einstein coefficients, Selection rules
and the spectrum of one-electron atoms, Line intensities and the lifetimes of excited states, Line

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 shapes and widths, The photoelectric effect, The scattering of radiation by atomic systems, One-
electron atoms: Fine structure of hydrogenic atoms, The Lamb shift, Hyperfine structure and
isotope shifts, Interaction of one-electron atoms with external electric and magnetic fields: The
Stark effect, The Zeeman effect.
Teaching-learning Class room teaching / Lecturing
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Assessment and Mid-Term Assessment: 35%

Examinations Formative Assessment: (25%): It includes classroom participation, attendance, assignments and
presentations, homework, attitude and behavior, hands-on-activities, short tests, quizzes etc.
Final Term Assessment: 40%
Text Books 1. Physics of Atoms and Molecules, by B.H. Bransden and Joachain, publisher: Pearson
Education 2nd Edition (2003)
2. Atoms, Molecules and Photons, by W. Demtroder, publisher: Springer (2005)
3. The Physics of Atoms and Quanta, by H. Haken and H.C. Wolf, Springer 7th Edition
(2004).
4. Atomic Physics, by C.J. Foot, publisher: Oxford University Press 1st Edition (2005).

Course Title ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS

Course Code MPHY-439

Credit Hours CH3

Pre- requisites MPHY-332, MPHY-433

Learning outcomes • Understanding of many-electron atoms and molecules.

• Use of approximation methods (mean field theory) for atoms and molecules.
Contents Two-electron atoms: The Schrodinger equation for two-electron atoms, Para and ortho states, Spin
wave functions and the role of the Pauli exclusion principle, Level scheme of two-electron atoms,
the independent particle model, The ground state of two-electron atoms, Excited states of two-
electron atoms, Doubly excited states of two-electron atoms, Auger effect (autoionization),
Resonances, Many-electron atoms: The central field approximation, The periodic system of the
elements, The Thomas-Fermi model of the atom, The Hartree-Fock method and the self-consistent
field, Corrections to the central field approximation, Correlation effects, l-S coupling and j-j
coupling, Density functional theory
Teaching-learning Classroom teaching
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and Number

Assessment and Mid-Term Assessment: 35%

Examinations Formative Assessment: (25%) : It includes class room participation, attendance, assignments,
presentations, homework, attitude and behavior, hands-on activities, short tests, quizzes etc.
Final Term Assessment: 40%
Text Books 1. Physics of Atoms and Molecules, B.H. Bransden and Joachain, Pearson 2nd Ed (2003).
2. Atoms, Molecules and Photons, W. Demtroder, publisher: Springer (2005).
3. The Physics of Atoms and Quanta, by H. Haken and H.C. Wolf, Springer 7th Ed (2004).
4. Atomic Physics, by C.J. Foot, publisher: Oxford University Press 1st Edition (2005).
5. Time-Dependent Density-Functional Theory: Concepts and Applications. C. A. Ullrich,
New York: Oxford University Press, 2010.
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 6. A Primer in Density Functional Theory (C. Fiolhais, F. Nogueira, and M. A. Marques,
eds.), vol. 620, Springer Science & Business Media, 2003.
7. Electronic Density Functional Theory: Recent Progress and New Directions (G. V. J. F.
Dobson and M. P. Das, eds.), Springer Science & Business Media, 1998.
8. Density‐Functional Theory of Atoms and Molecules. RG Parr and W. Yang, Oxford
University Press, New York, Oxford, 1989.

Course Title INTRODUCTION TO LASER PHYSICS

Course Code MPHY-425
Credit Hours CH3
Pre-requisites MPHY-332
Learning outcomes To provide the understanding of the basic principles of laser operations. Describe the different
types of lasers and their specific applications. To Evaluate the role of lasers in diverse fields such
as communication, manufacturing, medicine and research.
Contents Laser Radiation and its properties: Electromagnetic Radiation, Properties of Laser Radiation.
Lasing Processes: Bohr model of the atom, Photons and the energy diagrams, Absorption of
electromagnetic Radiation, Spontaneous emission of electromagnetic Radiation, Thermodynamic
(Thermal) Equilibrium, Population Inversion, Stimulated Emission, Rate Equations for
spontaneous emission, stimulated (Forced) Transitions, Absorption Rate Equations, Stimulated
Emission Rate Equations, Amplification, Three Level Laser, Four Level Laser.
The Laser System: The laser active medium, The excitation mechanism, Feedback Mechanism,
Output-coupler.
Optical Cavity and Laser Modes: Standing Waves, Longitudinal Modes in a Laser, Transverse
Modes of a Laser, Optical Cavity.
Laser Gain: Fluorescence line shape of the laser, Loop Gain, “Hole Burning” in the Laser Gain
Curve
Different Laser Types: Helium-Neon lasers, Carbon dioxide lasers, Nitrogen Laser, Argon ion
laser, Excimer Laser, Nd: YAG laser, Nd: glass laser, Ti: Sapphire Laser, Dye laser, laser diodes,
free electron laser, X-rays laser.
Laser radiation Measurement: Radiometry and units of measuring electromagnetic radiation,
Spatial distribution of the emitted radiation at the output coupler, Beam divergence out of the laser
and the ways to control it. Laser pulses, Special mechanisms for creating short pulses- Controlling
pulse duration with excitation mechanism, Q switched Lasers, Mode Locked Lasers
Laser Applications: Industrial Applications, Medical Applications, Military Applications, Daily
applications, Scientific/Research Applications
Teaching-learning Class room teaching / Lecturing
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Assignment- Types Problem sheet: 3-4
and Number
Assessment and Mid-Term Assessment: 35%
Examination Formative Assessment: (25%): It includes classroom participation, attendance, assignments and
presentations, homework, attitude and behaviour, hand-on-activities, short tests, quizzes etc.
Final-Term Assessment: 40%
Text Books 1. Laser Fundamentals, W. T. Silfvast, Cambridge University Press, 2008.
2. Principles of Lasers, O. Svelto, Springer, 2009.
3. Fundamentals Of Laser Physics, K. An, World Scientific Publisher, 2023.
4. Introduction to Laser Technology, Breck Hitz, Ewing, J. Hecht, John Wiley & Sons, 2012.
5. Fundamentals of light sources and lasers, M. Csele, John Wiley & Sons, 2011.

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