1.1 Atomic Structure

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1. CHEMISTRY
FUNDAMENTALS
1.1 The Atomic Structure
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Today’s Objectives
• Recall that different elements have different physical
properties.
• Identify the chemical symbols for some common elements
and vice versa.
• Record two letter symbols correctly.
• Describe Dalton’s ideas about atoms.
• Use a simple (Dalton’s) atomic model to describe an
element.
• Use a simple (Dalton’s) atomic model to describe a
compound.
• Use the idea of atoms to explain why different elements
have different physical properties.
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Stuff
• Review on the concepts of elements, compounds and
mixtures
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Concept of an atom
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Concept of an atom
• The indivisible part of any element is called an atom.
• Every element is made of atoms - piles of paper clips.
• All atoms of any element are the same - all the paper clips in
the pile are the same size and color.
• Atoms of different elements are different (size, properties) -
like different sizes and colors of paper clips.
• Atoms of different elements can combine to form compounds -
you can link different sizes and colors of paper clips together
to make new structures.
• In chemical reactions, atoms are not made, destroyed, or
changed - no new paper clips appear, no paper clips get lost
and no paper clips change from one size/color to another.
• In any compound, the numbers and kinds of atoms remain the
same - the total number and types of paper clips that you start
with are the same as when you finish.
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Atomic Structure
• An atom is the most basic unit of matter and is tiny
• Elements are just atoms with different properties and are

shown on the periodic table
• E.g. the element of hydrogen (H) is made of hydrogen atoms
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“Atoms” vs “protons, neutrons,

electrons” vs “molecules” vs “ions”
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Atomic Structure
• Every atom is made up of 3 types of subatomic particles:
• Protons
• Neutrons
• Electrons
• Subatomic particles can have an electric charge

• Protons have a +1 (positive) charge
• Neutrons have a 0 (neutral) charge
• Electrons have a -1 (negative) charge
• They also have mass

• Protons & neutrons a mass of 1 unit
• Electrons have a mass ~2000x lighter than the proton and neutron
so for our purposes, it has negligible mass
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Atomic Structure
• The centre of the atom is the nucleus and contains
protons and neutrons
• Electrons in an atom are located outside of the nucleus in

shells.
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Atomic Structure
• Each element has a unique number of protons (also
number of electrons as the atom is neutral which zero
charge) called the atomic number
• E.g. H atoms have 1 proton, atomic number = 1

• E.g. O atoms have 8 protons, atomic number = 8
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IGCSE Periodic Table

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Sodium as an example
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Li
Lithium
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Tips:
- Smallest number is always the atomic number.

- The atomic number tells us the number of protons.
- Atoms always have the same number of protons and electrons.
Example – Lithium
3 protons and 3 electrons.
- The larger number (mass number) is the number of protons AND the
number of neutrons.
- How do you find out the number of NEUTRONS?
- 7 - 3 = 4 neutrons.
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Quick quiz (use personal whiteboards)

1. Which element has the symbol, Na?
2. What element has 8 protons?
3. What is the symbol for potassium?
4. Which element has 7 neutrons?
5. Which element has 9 electrons?
6. Which element have 20 neutrons?
7. Which element has 10 electrons?
8. What is the symbol and name of the element that has a
mass number of 85.
9. Which element has a proton number of 2?
10. Which atom has a charge of +1?
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Quick Review of concepts so far

• Atoms
• Sub-atomic particles
• Protons
• Neutrons
• Electrons
• Masses and charges
• Atomic number vs mass/nucleon number
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True or false?
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Atomic and nucleon number handout

• Complete the practice handout and paste it into your
notebook
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Exit Quiz! *personal whiteboard

1. Describe the structure of atom in your own words (use the following terms:
proton, neutrons and electrons, positive, negative and neutral)
1. An atom has an atomic number of 11 and a mass number of 23. Which of the
following statements is correct? What element is the atom?
A) The atom has 11 protons, 11 electrons, and 11 neutrons.
B) The atom has 11 protons, 12 electrons, and 11 neutrons.
C) The atom has 11 protons, 11 electrons, and 12 neutrons.
D) The atom has 11 protons, 12 electrons, and 12 neutrons.
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1.1 Review sheet homework

1.1 Atomic Structure

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• Elements are just atoms with different properties and are

“Atoms” vs “protons, neutrons,

• Subatomic particles can have an electric charge

• They also have mass

• Electrons in an atom are located outside of the nucleus in

• E.g. H atoms have 1 proton, atomic number = 1

IGCSE Periodic Table

- Smallest number is always the atomic number.

3 protons and 3 electrons.

- How do you find out the number of NEUTRONS?

Quick quiz (use personal whiteboards)

Quick Review of concepts so far

Atomic and nucleon number handout

Exit Quiz! *personal whiteboard

1.1 Review sheet homework

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