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ericzhang110214Chapter 1 Answers
Practice 1-1 22. 23. down 2 floors 24. $32
1. 25(5) 2. 25q 3. 12(7) 4. 12y 5. 21
4 Practice 1-6
q
6. 7. k 2 9 8. m 9. 2x 10. 2x 1 4
4 6 1. 4 2. 7 3. 21 4. 18 5. 335 6. 52
11. 18 1 b 12. 3(2 1 a) 13. variable; d 7. 38 8. 105 9. 166 10. 281 11. 795
14. numerical 15. numerical 16. variable; p 12. 100 13. 3 14. 6 15. 18 16. 50
17. variable; k 18. numerical 19. numerical 17. 0 18. 17 19. 160 20. 400 21. 700
20. variable; x 21. 15C warmer than the room 22. 300 23. 2,100 24. 2,200
temperature 22. 7C cooler than the room 25. 2,300 2 600 5 1,700 26. 250 2 35 5 285
temperature 27. 317 2 74 2 132 2 48 5 63
Practice 1-2 Practice 1-7
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1. 8 2. 38 3. 5 4. 66 5. 54 6. 1 7. 8 1. 18, 21, 24; Start with 3 and add 3 repeatedly
8. 4 9. 14 10. 6 11. 5 12. 18 13. 7 2. 32, 64, 128; Start with 1 and multiply by 2
14. 21 15. 26 16. 7 17. (3 1 5) ? 8 5 64 repeatedly 3. 62, 63, 126; Start with 6. Alternate
18. 4 ? (6 2 2) 1 7 5 23 adding 1 and multiplying by 2. 4. 1, 8, 15;
19. 10 4 (3 1 2) ? 4 5 8 20. (3 1 6) ? 2 5 18 Start with 34 and subtract 7 repeatedly
21. 12 ? 10 2 12 ? 6 22. 3 ? 12 1 1 ? 12 5. Incorrect. There are yellow roses. 6. Correct
23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 7. Incorrect. 8 2 (27) 5 15
8. a square with 4 dots
Practice 1-3
1. 15 2. 4 3. 33 4. 18 5. 7 6. 9 7. 5
8. 33 9. 6 10. 15 11. 33 12. 7 13. 23
14. 5 15. 636 16. 81 17. 19 18. 27 9. a circle inside a square
19. 24 20. 14 21.a. 58 2 y b. 33 years
22.a. 5x b. 180 in.
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
Practice 1-4 10. a triangle divided into 4 tri-
1. 8, 4, 5 angles with the lower right
10 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 10 one shaded
2. 3, 2, 3
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
3. 9, 5, 0
10 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 10 11. the third figure rotated 90
clockwise
4. 7, 6, 1
10 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8
5. 5 6. 2,000 7. 12 8. 7 9. 15 10. 9
11. 25 12. 8 13. 31 14. 847 15. 2
16. 4 17. 0 18. 7 19. 7 20. 21. Practice 1-8
22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 1.a. 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11; 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36 b. The total
in the display is the row number multiplied by
itself (the row number squared) c. 9, 12, 20
Practice 1-5 d. The number of rows is the square root of the
1. 26 1 (29) 5 17 2. 100 1 (262) 1 35 number of boxes in the display. 2.a. 9, 1, 9, 1
1 (272) 5 1 3. 11 4. 0 5. 29 6. 2 b. When 9 is multiplied an even number of times
7. 10 8. 1 9. 11 10. 0 11. 7 12. 11 the one’s digit is 1. When 9 is multiplied an odd
13. 3 14. 8 15. positive 16. negative number of times the one’s digit is 9. c. 1 3. 6
17. negative 18. 4 19. 17 20. 0 21.
Pre-Algebra Chapter 1 Answers 43
Chapter 1 Answers (continued)
Practice 1-9 Reteaching 1-5
1. 368 2. 336 3. 51 4. 6 5. 13 1. 3 2. 6 3. 9 4. 17 5. 10 6. 12
6. 117 7. 5 8. 7 9. 3 10. 45 11. 36 7. 9 8. 11 9. 6 10. 1 11. 5 12. 10
12. 42 13. 36 14. 75 15. 5 16.
17. 18. 19. 20. 21.
22. 11 23. $16 24. $1 25. 1 Reteaching 1-6
26. 18 ft 27. 3(24) 5 212; The temperature 1. 3, 2 2. 6, 14 3. 9, 12 4. 7, 5
dropped a total of 12. 5. 10, 6 6. 6, 7 7. 5, 14 8. 2, 4
9. 8, 1
Practice 1-10
1–6. 7. (1, 1) Reteaching 1-7
y
4 8. (4, 3) 1. Incorrect. 6 2 (24) 5 10 2. Correct.
B D
9. (2, 1)
All rights reserved.
3. Incorrect. 4 1 5 5 9 4. Correct.
A
2 10. (0, 1) 5. Incorrect. 2 1 |2| 5 4 6. Incorrect. The next
x 11. II 12. I number is 16. 7. Incorrect. 6 is even, but not
C
13. III divisible by 4. 8. Correct.
4 2 O 2 4
14. y-axis
15. G 16. T
E F Reteaching 1-8
17. K 18. R
4 19. negative, 1. 9, 11, 13; 2, 2, 2, 2, 2 2. Phillipe won 13 games
positive on the sixth day. 3. 13, 18; 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
20. negative, negative 21. zero 22. zero 4. Jennifer rode 18 miles in the sixth week.
Jennifer rode 5 miles more in week 6 than in
week 5.
Reteaching 1-1
1. 4(5), 20 2. 4(8), 32 3. 4(6), 24 4. 4(d), 4d Reteaching 1-9
5. h
7 6. j 2 9 7. 2x 8. y 1 2 9. s
42 1. Same, Positive, 7 2. Same, Positive, 48
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
3. Opposite, Negative, 8 4. Same, Positive, 18
10. 16d 5. Opposite, Negative, 9 6. Opposite,
Negative, 55 7. Same, Positive, 13
8. Opposite, Negative, 72
Reteaching 1-2
1. 22 2. 3 3. 4 4. 1 5. 9 6. 9 7. 37 Reteaching 1-10
8. 1 9. 35 10. 7 11. 5 12. 42 13. 10
14. 3 15. 3 16. 8 17. 18 18. 23 1. (2, 5) 2. (4, 1) 3. (3, 3) 4. (2, 1)
5. (1, 2) 6. (1, 3) 7. (3, 2) 8. (4, 4)
9. III 10. I 11. II 12. IV 13. II 14. IV
Reteaching 1-3 15. III 16. I
1. 9 2. 40 3. 5 4. 10 5. 2 6. 9 7. 26
8. 16 9. 29 10. 2 11. 14 12. 7 13. 16 Enrichment 1-1
14. 54
1. A 2. B 3. A 4. A 5. A 6. B 7. A
8. A 9. B 10. B 11. A 12. B 13. A
Reteaching 1-4
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Enrichment 1-2
8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.
14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 1. 8 2. 45 3. 14 4. 99 5. 105 6. 85
20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 7. 22 8. 28 9. do the operation first
10. 81 11. 36 12. 50 13. 32 14. 288
15. 64 16. 64 17. 28 18. 11 19. 62
20. 154 21. 53 22. 17
44 Answers Pre-Algebra Chapter 1
Chapter 1 Answers (continued)
Enrichment 1-3 Enrichment 1-10
1. 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22; 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 1. (45N, 45E) 2. (15S, 15E) 3. (45N, 90W)
23, 25; 14 2. 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2; 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 4. (60S, 0) 5. about (35N, 25W)
19, 22; 3 3. 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15; 21, 18, 15, 12, 9, 6. (90S, 0)
6, 3, 0; 6 4. 7, 12, 17, 22, 27, 32, 37, 42; 1, 7, 13, 19, 7–12. North Pole
90°
25, 31, 37, 43; 6 5. 29, 27, 25, 23, 21, 19, 17, 15; 4,
75°
7, 10, 13, 16, 19, 22, 25; 5 6. For every value of x,
K
x 1 3 , x 1 4. 60°
D L 45°
B
30°
Enrichment 1-4 F
Prime Meridian
15°
1. 4, 4 2. 1, 1 3. 8, 8 4. 2, 4 5. 3, 7 West
90°
75° 60° 45°
H
75°
90°
East
15° 30° 45° 60°
6. 10, 2 7. 4, 6 8. 1, 5 9. 4, 8 10. 0 30° 15°
Equator 15°
11. 5 12. 3 13. 10, 10 14. 9, 3 J
All rights reserved.
A
15. 4, 10 16. 6, 2 17. 2, 6 18. 1 C 30°
19. Distance cannot be negative. 45°
E 60°
I
G
Enrichment 1-5 90°
75°
1. 6 2. 1 3. 7 4. 8 5. 5 6. 11 7. 15, 27, South Pole
9, 21 8. 20, 32, 4, 16 9. 24, 36, 12, 24 13. 77 14. 123 15. 7,715.8 miles
10. 5 11. 2 12. 1 13. 5 14. 1 16. (0, 9E)
15. 8 16. 3
Chapter 1 Project
Enrichment 1-6 Activity 1. Mathematics is the language of
1. 250 2 (2330) 5 580 the universe.
2. 2287 2 (2569) 5 282 3. 640 2 98 5 542
4. 2429 2 (2753) 5 324 5. Euclid 6. Plato
✔ Checkpoint Quiz 1
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
7. 19691970 1976
1981
1980 1982 1990 1997
G D A C F H B E
1. 5 2 y 2. m(n 2 2) 3. 3y 4. 15 5. 9
6. 2 7. 11
Enrichment 1-7 8. ;
1. 6, 12, 24, 48, 96 2. 7, 10, 16, 28, 52, 100 108 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 10
3.a. Mercury and Saturn b. There is no planet 8, 7, 5
corresponding to the pattern term 28. 4. 196, yes
5. yes 6. No; the next term after 196 (Uranus) is
388. To fit the pattern, Neptune would have to be ✔ Checkpoint Quiz 2
much farther away. 1. 4 2. 9 3. 3 4. Sample answer: 2, 7
5. 0, 3, 6 6. 64, 128, 256 7. C
Enrichment 1-8
1. 12 2. 17 3. 5 4. Albuquerque; 5F Chapter 1 Test Form A
5. 3 6. 48 7. 45 8. Mount Massive; 45F 1. C 2. F 3. B 4. J
9. Moscow, Russia; 31F 10. Peking, China; 2F 5. ;
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
Enrichment 1-9 3, 2, 4 6. n 2 5 7. 47 8. 41 9. 18
10. 14 11. 4 12. 44 13. 14 14. 11
1. 56 2. 81 3. 63 4. 48 5. 374 6. 1,125
15. 23 16. (3, 2) 17. (4, 5)
7. 2,244 8. 3,075
18.a. 12x 1 5 b. $41 19. 200 calories
Pre-Algebra Chapter 1 Answers 45
Chapter 1 Answers (continued)
20. 30, 31; Start with 1, alternately multiply by 2
and add 1. 21. $14 22. Sample answer: 1)
Perform the subtraction 9 2 5 in parentheses to
get 4. 2) Multiply 3 times 4 to get 12. 3) Add 2
and 12 to get 14.
Chapter 1 Test Form B
1. C 2. J
3. ;
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
4, 1, 0, 4 4. 4n 5. 21 6. 2 7. 6
8. 9 9. 105 10. 15 11. 10 12. (4, 3)
13. (3, 2) 14. 130 feet 15. 43, 50; Start
All rights reserved.
with 8, then add 7 repeatedly. 16. Sample answer:
1) Add the 1 1 2 in parentheses to get 3.
2) Multiply 5 times 3 to get 15. 3) Subtract 15
from 19 to get 4. 17. a. 6p 2b b. $28
Chapter 1 Alternative Assessment
1. Sample answer: Write the subtraction problem
as an addition problem by adding the opposite of
the second integer. 2. Sample answer: The
mountain climbers descend 42 ft each hour for 5
hours.
3.a. b.
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
Remove
zero pairs
c. Both 25 2 (22) and 25 1 2 equal 3.
4.a. 12w b. 3w2 c. $36, $48, $60, $72, $84, $96
d. 9 figures e. 10 weeks
Cumulative Review
1. C 2. G 3. A 4. H 5. D 6. G 7. D
8. F 9. C 10. G 11. 18, 17, Start with 3,
alternately multiply by 2 and subtract 1.
e
12. 12 13. 11 14. 2 ? (6 1 5) 2 4 ? 2 5 14
15.
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
3, 1, 0, |2|, |4| 16. 6 17. 16 18. 12
19. (2, 4), (3, 2), (4, 1) 20. A numerical
expression uses numerals and operation symbols.
A variable expression uses these and variables.
46 Answers Pre-Algebra Chapter 1
Chapter 2 Answers
Practice 2-1 7. f 5 211 8. w 5 210 9. m 5 9
10. k 5 122 11. n 5 80 12. p 5 55
1. 1,300 2. 1,127 3. 185 4. 120 5. 0
13. x 5 926 14. c 5 7 15. x 5 7
6. 9,000 7. 700 8. 745 9. 77 10. 12,000
16. p 5 14 17. k 5 228 18. y 5 268
11. 10 12. 180 13. d 14. a 15. f 16. b
19. n 5 39 20. h 5 43 21. k 5 234
17. c 18. e 19. f 20. a 21. e 22. c
22. c 5 1,243 23. z 5 88 24. m 5 269
23. 360 24. 119 25. 210
25. t 5 264 26. x 5 334
27. 356 1 365 1 n 5 977; 256 students
Practice 2-2
1. 3(4x 1 2) 5 12x 1 6 2. 2(5x 1 3) Practice 2-6
5 10x 1 6 3. 6h 2 24 4. 5p 1 15
1. k 5 25 2. n 5 221 3. x 5 0 4. m 5 12
5. 23x 2 24 6. 236 1 9y 7. 14n 2 22
5. y 5 48 6. s 5 180 7. z 5 0 8. m 5 255
8. 10a 2 50 9. (100 2 2)7 5 700 2 14 5 686
9. x 5 26 10. y 5 27 11. p 5 21
All rights reserved.
10. 9(30 2 2) 5 270 2 18 5 252 11. (80 2 2)8
12. s 5 8 13. h 5 3 14. g 5 27
5 640 2 16 5 624 12. 7(2,000 1 9)
15. m 5 27 16. x 5 217 17. x 5 99
5 14,000 1 63 5 14,063 13. (900 2 1)5
18. w 5 24 19. v 5 1 20. t 5 27
5 4,500 2 5 5 4,495 14. 30(100 1 5)
21. h 5 56 22. e 5 2500 23. x 5 140
5 3,000 1 150 5 3,150 15. (8 2 12)5 5 220
24. y 5 441 25. m 5 263 26. x 5 2160,000
16. 7f10 1 (23)g 5 49 17. 24(3 1 6) 5 236
27. 3d 5 144; 48 days 28. 33g 5 561; 17 gallons
18. 6f8 1 (22)g 5 36 19. 576 boxes
29. 5, 5 30. 56, 56 31. 3, 3
Practice 2-3 Practice 2-7
1. 7y 1 8 2. 30m 2 7 3. t 4. 9x 1 11y 1. 3 in. by 12 in.; Sample guesses are shown. 1, 2,
5. 27k 2 20n 6. 0 7. 27a 2 51b 3; 10, 11, 12; 10, 22, 36 2. 4 3-pointers and
8. 24a 1 2c 9. 82q 10. 3; none; 7 11. 4, 3, 9 2-pointers; Sample guesses are shown. 1, 2, 3, 4;
1; 3n, n; none 12. 6, 9, 1; 6kp, kp; 14 6, 7, 8, 9; 15, 20, 25, 30 3.a. 6, 6 b. 7, 5
13. 8, 6, 3; 6ab, 3ba; 7 14. 1, 2, 1, 5; c, 2c, c. 8, 4 d. 11, 1 e. 12, 0 4. 9 dimes;
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
c, 5c; 1 15. x 1 4 1 3x 1 (25) 1 2x; 12 nickels 5. brush $2.89; comb $.89
6x 1 16. 4x 1 (26) 1 (22x) 1 3x 1 1; 6. paperback $6.65; hard cover $19.95
5x 5 17. Distributive Property, Associative
Property of Addition, Commutative Property of Practice 2-8
Addition, Associative Property of Addition,
1. t , 16 2. h $ 7 3. p # 25 4. n , 0
Distributive Property, Addition 5. x # 27 6. x . 211 7. x , 2 8. x $ 23
9.
Practice 2-4 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
10.
1. no 2. yes 3. no 4. yes 5. yes 6. yes
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
7. yes 8. no 9. open sentence 10. false
11.
11. true 12. open sentence 13. true
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
14. false 15. 15n 5 27; open sentence
12.
16. 13(27) 5 291; true 17. 54 4 6 5 29; false
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
18. 3z 2 7 5 4; open sentence
13. x , 13 14. s # 60 15. c # $4.50
19. d 1 132 5 468; no
Practice 2-5 Practice 2-9
1. n 2 6 , 24; n , 2 2. k 1 5 $ 2; k $ 23
1. k 5 0 2. p 5 800 3. x 5 170
3. b 1 9 . 23; b . 212 4. 39 1 i $ 48; i $ 9
4. n 5 100 5. y 5 7,500 6. x 5 100
5. 840 1 1,150 1 c # 3,000; c # 1,010
Pre-Algebra Chapter 2 Answers 43
Chapter 2 Answers (continued)
6. x $ 2 13. 8n 1 5 14. 6p
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
7. x $ 1
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
Reteaching 2-4
8. x # 212 1. 60t 5 180; No, it did not take 4 hours.
16 12 8 4 0 4 2. 20 5 p 1 8; Yes, Mike scored 12 points.
q
9. x # 7 3. 4 5 5; Yes, you started with 20 quarts.
2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 4. 12w 5 600; No, you cannot type 60 words in
10. x $ 0 one minute.
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
11. x . 3 Reteaching 2-5
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
1. m 5 4 2. y 5 77 3. t 5 218 4. z 5 9
12. x , 26
All rights reserved.
5. r 5 223 6. p 5 109 7. g 5 266
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2
8. y 5 592 9. b 5 0 10. s 5 217
13. x . 22 11. k 5 26 12. f 5 22 13. z 5 40
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 14. a 5 2101 15. n 5 33 16. h 5 26
14. x # 5
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
Reteaching 2-6
15. x , 0
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 1. m 5 5 2. b 5 224 3. k 5 9 4. n 5 14
5. n 5 25 6. p 5 75 7. y 5 0 8. m 5 248
9. a 5 21 10. z 5 264 11. t 5 22
Practice 2-10 12. j 5 11 13. r 5 291 14. c 5 2765
15. w 5 69 16. g 5 5
1. 25k # 30; k $ 26 2. 12p $ 27; p $ 214
3. 9k # 18; k # 2 4. 13p $ 217; p $ 251
5. 2g $ 25; g # 5 6. x . 22 7. x . 4
Reteaching 2-7
1. 6 field goals and 4 touchdowns; Sample guesses
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
8. x , 1 9. x . 26 10. x $ 24
are shown. 1, 3, 6, 9, 15; 2, 4, 12, 12, 24; 3, 5, 18, 15,
11. x , 218 12. x , 220 13. x $ 22
33; 4, 6, 24, 18, 42
14. yes 15. yes 16. yes 17. no 18. Divide
each side by 5 and reverse the direction of the
inequality symbol; Simplify. Reteaching 2-8
1. x $ 22 2. x # 23 3. x , 6 4. x . 25
5. x $ 4 6. x . 0 7. x , 21 8. x $ 2
Reteaching 2-1 9. x . 3 10. x # 0
1. 515 2. 27 3. 700 4. 60 5. 21 6. 360
7. 24 8. 1,425 9. 1,300 10. 276 11. 45
12. 353,000 Reteaching 2-9
1. k 2 8 , 5; k , 13 2. 9 1 x $ 22; x $ 211
3. p 2 5 # 210; p # 25 4. d 1 17 , 25; d , 8
Reteaching 2-2 5. s 1 6 . 27; s . 213 6. y 2 10 , 20; y , 30
1. 12 2. 3, 7 3. z, b, z, c 4. 7, (3) 7. 82 1 j $ 228; j $ 2110 8. n 2 9 # 223;
5. (3), p, n 6. 4x 1 20 7. 4m 2 24 n # 214 9. h 2 19 . 3; h . 22
8. st 2 6s 9. 8j 2 16k 1 8l 10. 20 2 5z
11. 263 2 9y
Reteaching 2-10
1. n $ 6 2. m . 29 3. x . 21 4. y # 32
Reteaching 2-3
5. q . 210 6. n # 22 7. k $ 9 8. d # 42
1. a, 2 2. k, k, 3k 3. 2a 1 4 4. 7 2 6x
9. r . 2108 10. h , 39 11. z $ 5
5. 2n 2 5 6. 23a 2 6 7. 3y 1 5 8. 11 2 4t
9. 13c 2 15 10. 6s 1 8 11. 6 12. 29k 2 12 12. f # 227
2
44 Answers Pre-Algebra Chapter 2
Chapter 2 Answers (continued)
Enrichment 2-1 8.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
1. R, S, T 2. R, T 3. T 4. none 5. T
6. R, S, T 7. S 8. R, S, T 9. R 10. R, S, T 9.
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
10.
Enrichment 2-2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1. c, d, bc, bd 2. hc 1 wc 1 hd 1 wd 11.
3. 45 1 9p 1 5t 1 pt 4. 7x 1 7y 2 mx 2 my
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
5. ny 2 5y 2 6n 1 30 6. 400 1 60 2 60 2 9
5 391 7. 2,500 1 250 2 250 2 25 5 2,475
Enrichment 2-9
Enrichment 2-3 1. H x , 11 2. A x # 24 3. V x . 22
4. E x . 3 5. A x # 24 6. P x $ 2
1. 4x 2. 5y 3. 16p 4. 21a 5. 4f 6. 5n
All rights reserved.
7. I x $ 9 8. Z x . 4 9. Z x . 4
7. x 8. 7f 9. 13y 10. 15p 11. 13n 10. A x # 24 11. P x $ 2 12. A x # 24
12. 2a 13. 3f 14. 9n 15. 12x 16. 9p 13. R x , 5 14. T x $ 25 15. Y x # 22
17. 3y 18. 4a; 2,193
HAVE A PIZZA PARTY
Enrichment 2-4
Enrichment 2-10
1. 1 2. 4 3. 2 4. 0 5. 4 6. 5 7. 0 x
8. 7 9. 5 10. 1 11. 6 12. 9 13. 4 2 2 x 10 x 10 2x 8
1,420,450,751,694
5x 20 x –4
Enrichment 2-5
1. 12, 16 2. 13, 15 3. 14, 14 4. 14, 6
5. 7, 8, 9, 10, 11; 11, 10, 9, 8, 7;
8x 8
x 5 29, y 5 3 x 10 0
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
x 3 13
x 6 16
Enrichment 2-6
Sample answers are shown. 1. 2, 4, 17 2. 9, 3,
24 3. 27, 9, 72 4. 25, 13, 55 5. 14, 2, 44
6. 7, 1, 22 7. 5, 5, 5 8. The final result is x 10 x4 x 4 x 1
always 5. 9. n 1 7 10. 3n 1 21 11. 2n 1 21
12. 2n 1 10 13. n 1 5 14. 5 a 7-sided figure (or polygon)
15. Check students’ work.
✔ Checkpoint Quiz 1
Enrichment 2-7 1. commutative property of addition 2. associa-
tive property of multiplication 3. identity prop-
1. c 1 s 1 r 5 100 2.a. 100c b. 20s c. r erty of multiplication 4. distributive property
3. 100c 1 20s 1 r 5 2,000 4. 20 cows would 5. identity property of addition 6. commutative
bring in $2,000, but 100 animals were sold. 5. 6, property of multiplication 7. 10x 8. 16a
8, 2; 83, 80, 73; $1,543, $1,680, $1,798, $1,935, 9. 15h 2 12 10. D
$2,053, $2,019 6. 19, 1, 80
✔ Checkpoint Quiz 2
Enrichment 2-8
1. true 2. open sentence 3. false 4. m 5 28
1. 7 , n , 10 2. k , 22 or k . 0 5. h 5 15 6. y 5 212 7. n , 4 8. x $ 10
3. 26 # y # 5 4. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 5. 14 6. 7, 8, 9 9. h # 211 10. They scored 2 points in each of
7. none the first three and 3 points in each of the last two.
Pre-Algebra Chapter 2 Answers 45
Chapter 2 Answers (continued)
Chapter 2 Test Form A Chapter 2 Cumulative Review
1. C 2. G 3. A 4. J 1. B 2. G 3. C 4. H 5. D 6. F 7. C
5. 5 175 1 (25 1 37) 5 (175 1 25) 1 37 8. F 9. D 10. 5 8(100 1 6) 5 800 1 48
5 200 1 37 5 237 6. 5 50(2 ? 11) 5 848 11. 5 4(100 2 2) 5 400 2 8 5 392
12. 7x 1 15 13. 23m 2 1
5 (50 ? 2)11 5 100 ? 11 5 1,100
14. 75 1 75 1 8c 1 6c 5 14c 1 150 15. false
7. 5 12(100 2 1) 5 1,200 2 12 5 1,188 16. h 5 33 17. m 5 20 18. a 5 48
8. 14n 2 8k 9. 7y 2 5x 10. x 5 23 19. r 5 214
11. b 5 8 12. z 5 9 13. m 5 298 20.
14. 28 j 7; j 35 mi>h 15. s , 35 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
21. y , 12 22. j , 211 23. x # 244
30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 24. h $ 10 25. 19 1 28 1 81
16. y , 214 17. k , 22 18. n $ 216 5 19 1 (81 1 28) by the commutative property;
All rights reserved.
19. z # 3 20. 35 adult tickets and 15 student 5 (19 1 81) 1 28 by the associative property;
tickets 21. Sample answer: Marcus gathered 5 100 1 28 5 128
108 eggs. How many dozen eggs is that?
Chapter 2 Test Form B
1. B 2. F 3. D
4. 5 197 1 (3 1 48) 5 (197 1 3) 1 48
5 200 1 48 5 248 5. 5 4(25 ? 19)
5 (4 ? 25) ? 19 5 100 ? 19 5 1,900
6. 5 15(100 1 2) 5 1,500 1 30 5 1,530
7. 7z 2 2y 8. 12a - 18b 9. j 5 36
10. b 5 221 11. y 5 221 12. m 5 32
13. t # 20
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
14. n # 9 15. x . 27 16. k $ 29
17. m , 230 18. $12 for a pair of shorts and $3
for a package of socks
Chapter 2 Alternative Assessment
1. s 5 10t 2. Distribute the 3, then combine like
terms. 3.
=
4. Addition “undoes” subtraction and vice versa.
5. Sample answer: 2 ? 8 ? 5 5 2 ? (5 ? 8)
5 (2 ? 5) ? 8 5 10 ? 8 5 80 6. Sample answer:
true equation: 4 1 9 5 13; false equation:
9 2 4 5 7 7. The graph of x # 3 has a closed
dot to show that 3 is a solution. The graph of
x , 3 has an open dot to show that 3 is not a solu-
tion. 8. Multiply both sides of the inequality by
4 and reverse the direction of the inequality
symbol.
46 Answers Pre-Algebra Chapter 2
Chapter 3 Answers
Practice 3-1 10. e 5 22,134.84 11. a 5 2872.1
12. p 5 5,472 13. k 5 20.26 14. p 5 2414
1. 14.9 2. 1,030 3. 10.1 4. $15.50 5. $66
15. y 5 28.5 16. n 5 20.45 17. m 5 2.02
6. 13.6 7. $30 8. 36 9. 160 10. 6 11. 40
18. h 5 228.6 19. t 5 212.4 20. y 5 1.3
12. 16 13. 180 14. $220 15. 500 16. 19.5
21. 20.75n 5 0.024; n 5 20.032
17. 6.7 18. 52.2 19. 1 20. 348.51 21. 450, n
22. 23.88 5 22,000; n 5 7,760 23. 0.04n 5 33.4;
clustering 22. 14, rounding; 14.1, front-end
n 5 835 24. 20.26n 5 169.39; n 5 2651.5
23. $4, clustering 24. 50, rounding; 58, front-end
25. 0.09, rounding; 0.081, front-end
Practice 3-7
Practice 3-2 1. mm 2. km 3. cm 4. cm 5. 34 6. 1.975
7. 7,000 8. 5.247 9. 0.087 10. 9.246
1. no; 1800 2. no; 5 3. yes 4. yes 5. no; 11. 250 mL; A cup would hold less than a quart.
2.4 6. no; 80 7. yes 8. no; 20 9. no; 12 12. 2 kg; A bag of apples weighs more than this
All rights reserved.
10. yes 11. 54 12. 55 13. 600 14. 35 math book. 13. 68 cm; The height is less than a
15. 1500 16. 280 17. 4 18. 5 19. 6 20. 6 yard. 14. Kilometer; cities are usually miles
21. 15 22. 3 23. $15 24. No, 6.85 < 7; the apart. 15. Gram; a pencil weighs a little more
total should be less than 3 ? 7 5 $21. 25. $5 than a paper clip. 16. Liters; a tank usually holds
between 10 and 20 gallons. 17. 1.5 18. 2.5
Practice 3-3
1.a. 8.8, 8.85, 8.9 b. Answers may vary. Practice 3-8
Sample: The median; the mean is affected by the 1.a. 18 b. 360 c. 5,400 d. $520.02 2.a. 4
outlier, and the mode is next to the highest score. b. 6 c. 16 d. 30 e. 540 3.a. 4 cm b. 5 cm
c. This eliminates scores that are not representa- c. 6 cm d. 52 cm 4. 101 s 5. 59 days
tive of the majority. 2. 8.5, 8.5, 9, 15 3. 51.4,
60.5, none, none 4. 5.2, 5.1, 4.9, none 5. 232.4,
234, 234 and 271, 155 6. 3, 3, 3, none
Reteaching 3-1
7. 15,103.4 ft 8. 14,911 ft 9. Mont Blanc is 1. 6 1 8 5 14 2. 70 2 30 5 40
over 500 ft higher than Monte Rosa. 3. 0.5 1 0.9 5 1.4; 11 1 1.4 5 12.4
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
4. 7 1 8 5 15; 50 1 15 5 65 5. 1 1 7 5 8;
20 1 8 5 28 6. 0.05 1 0.08 5 0.13;
Practice 3-4 0.5 1 0.13 5 0.63 7. 4 ? 10 5 $40
1. 27 m 2. 13 ft 3. 35.2 cm 4. 40.5 sq m 8. 3 ? 50 5 $150 9. 3 ? 120 5 360
5. 6.76 sq ft 6. 60.63 sq cm 7. 447.5, 366.5, 10. 5 ? 7 5 35
308, 220, 110, 66 8. 66.2, 71.6, 86, 82.4, 75.2, 68
Reteaching 3-2
Practice 3-5 Answers may vary. Samples are given.
1. 16 4 8 5 2 2. 150 4 0.5 5 300
1. n 5 7.42 2. x 5 2.22 3. t 5 16.05
3. 2480 4 80 5 26 4. 12 4 3 5 4
4. k 5 2117.61 5. k 5 5.44 6. p 5 235.7
5. 550 4 50 5 11 6. 210 4 (22) 5 5
7. y 5 21.39 8. h 5 229.403 9. y 5 48.763
7. 6.4 4 (20.8) 5 28 8. 230 4 0.6 5 250
10. e 5 9.69 11. x 5 0.0049 12. v 5 210.373
9. 320 4 (24) 5 280 10. 81 4 9 5 9
13. x 5 219.2 14. f 5 20.15 15. a 5 227.98
11. 260 4 15 5 24 12. 24 4 6 5 4
16. m 5 82.655 17. z 5 0 18. t 5 11.5
13. 120 4 40 5 3 14. 1.5 4 0.3 5 5
19. b 5 22.76 20. n 5 4 21. k 5 0
15. 6,300 4 (270) 5 290
22. n 5 4 23. x 5 7.3 24. p 5 10
25. c 5 6.2 26. j 5 3.9
Reteaching 3-3
Practice 3-6 1. 14.5, 14.45, none 2. 5.6, 6, 7 3. 38.8, 37,
none 4. 2.0, 1.85, 1.8 and 2.6 5. 803.6 ft
1. h 5 6 2. x 5 27.5 3. k 5 20.387 6. 802 ft 7. None
4. e 5 0.1 5. p 5 1.595 6. x 5 26.37
7. y 5 254.4 8. k 5 0.084 9. n 5 970.9
Pre-Algebra Chapter 3 Answers 37
Chapter 3 Answers (continued)
Reteaching 3-4 Enrichment 3-5
1. 4, 7.2, 39.2F 2. 40, 72, 104F 3. 22, 39.6,
71.6F 4. 35, 63, 95F 5. 6, 10.8, 21.2F
6. 24, 43.2, 11.2F 7. 68, 36, 20C 8. 17.6,
0 4 8
14.4, 8C 9. 5, 27, 15C 10. 57.2, 25.2,
14C 11. 32, 0, 0C 12. 212, 180, 100C
1 5 9
Reteaching 3-5
1. 13.15 2. 7.9 3. 115.3 4. 59.5
2 6
5. 36.1 6. 5.5 7. 44.4 8. 274.3
3 7
Reteaching 3-6
All rights reserved.
1. 0.61 2. 3.2 3. 0.378 4. 0.118 5. 0.2
6. 46.74 7. 12.462 8. 3.5
Enrichment 3-6
Reteaching 3-7 1.a. 5 and 8 b. 74.1 2. 72 3. 45.9 4. 140
5. Back 112 somersault 212 twist 6. 2.5 or greater
1. 6,900 2. 56.2 3. 5.346 4. 0.246 5. 8.9
6. 4,730 7. 9,400 8. 0.29 9. 2,100 10. 165
11. 37,000 12. 0.0875 13. 0.797 14. 175,000 Enrichment 3-7
15. 3.926 16. 710 17. 0.09836 18. 17,900
1. 100 2. 100; 1,000,000; 1,000,000,000,000
3. 1; 10,000; 10,000,000,000 4. 0.0001; 1;
Reteaching 3-8 1,000,000 5. 200 6. 340 7. 5,000,000
8. 7,450,000 9. 68,400,000
1. 3, 4, 14; $350 2. 9, 9; 90,180; 326, 978; 1,167
10. 476,900,000,000,000 11. 84,000
digits 3. 12
12. 500,000 13. 0.0009 14. 61,000,000,000
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
Enrichment 3-1 Enrichment 3-8
1. 13 2. 92 3. 169 4. 39 5. 63 6. 205
1. Each distance is twice the previous distance.
7. 3,896 8. 2,886 9. 2,027 10. 9 11. 22
2. 0.2 mi, 0.4 mi, 0.8 mi, 1.6 mi, 3.2 mi, 6.4 mi
12. 79 13. C8 14. BF 15. 6A5
3. 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, 16 h, 32 h 4. 1 h, 3 h, 7 h,
15 h, 31 h, 63 h 5. 1, 3, 7, 15 6. 1,023 h
Enrichment 3-2
1. 371 1 258 5 629 2. 5678 2 3294 5 2384 ✔ Checkpoint Quiz 1
3. 3722 1 5683 5 9405 4. 19.4 3 38.6 5 748.84
1. 17.93 2. 0.5 3. 6,329 4. 27 5. 1 6. 6
5. 5.12 3 6.93 5 35.4816
7. $4.06, $3.01, none 8. C
6. 20.677 4 7.13 5 2.9
Enrichment 3-3 ✔ Checkpoint Quiz 2
1. n 5 2.6 2. y 5 320 3. h 5 304.8
1. 95 2. 6 3. 82.7 4. 17.4 5. 35 6. 27
4. d 5 15.12 5. 340 g; A stapler weighs less than
7. 32, 37 8. 1, 1, 4, 4, 5
a math book. 6. 0.084 7. 0.574 8. 4,600
9. 10.924 km
Enrichment 3-4
1. 9:06 A.M. 2. 16 mi; 9:26 A.M. Chapter 3 Test Form A
3. 42 mi/h; 9:51 A.M. 4. 36 mi; 10:31 A.M.
1. D 2. H 3. B 4. F 5. C 6. J 7. C
5. 34.5 mi 6. 128 mi; 2.77 h; 46.21 mi/h
8. y 5 17.22 9. x 5 1.37 10. n 5 3.6
38 Answers Pre-Algebra Chapter 3
Chapter 3 Answers (continued)
11. z 5 20.66 12. 22.2 m 13. 21.5 sq m
14. 9,600 15. 0.0379 16. 3.5 5 r 1 2; 1.5 in.
17. 276 18. 3.42 19. 3.6 20. 3.6 21. 1.4
22. Answers may vary. Sample: The median and
mode are both good. The mean is a little low
because of the outlier.
Chapter 3 Test Form B
1. B 2. J 3. A 4. J 5. y 5 12.224
6. x 5 23.52 7. x 5 1.6 8. 26.2 cm
9. 34.2 sq cm 10. 9,200 11. 0.0428
12. 351 5 54t; 6.5 h 13. 11.6 14. 11.5
15. 11.5 and 11.8 16. none 17. Answers may
All rights reserved.
vary. Sample: The mean and median are both good.
The two modes include almost all of the data.
Chapter 3 Alternative Assessment
1. yes; $3 1 $1 1 $1 5 $5 2. Answers may vary.
Round each number to the nearest integer and
multiply; 2.6 ? (224.83) < 3(225) 5 275
3. x 5 11.04; substitute 11.04 for x, subtract 3.09.
The difference should be 7.95. 4. 0.350, 0.355;
0.354, 0.358; none, 0.329; Answers may vary. The
mean and the median are both good measures
of central tendency. The American League has
slightly higher batting averages according to
either measure. 5. Answers may vary. The
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
length of a book.
Chapter 3 Cumulative Review
1. C 2. J 3. A 4. H 5. D 6. G 7. B
8. H 9. D 10. J 11. A 12. n $ 24
13.a. 88.6 b. 86 c. 86 14. 1.24 m
15. x 5 27.39 16. n 5 25.12 17. 7x 5 280;
x 5 40 18. All the weights cluster around one
pound, so the total weight is about 4 ? 1 5 4 lbs.
The cost is approximately $1 per pound, so the
cost of shipping is about $4.
Pre-Algebra Chapter 3 Answers 39
Chapter 4 Answers
Practice 4-1 Practice 4-6
1. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12 2. 1, 3, 5, 9, 15, 45 3. 1, 41 1-4. 1 3
4. 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18, 27, 54 5. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 0.5 4 0.3 4
24, 48 6. 1, 2, 4, 5, 10, 20, 25, 50, 100 7. 1, 3, 9,
1.0 0.5 0 0.5 1.0
13, 39, 117 8. 5 9. 2, 3, 9 10. 2, 5, 10 11. 3
12. 3, 5 13. 2, 3, 5, 9, 10 14. none 15. 3, 5, 9 5. 74 6. 35 3
7. 20 8. 31 9. 267 10. 19
20 11.–14.
25 10 210
16. 1 17. 3 18. 8 19. 0, 3, 6, 9 20. 0, 5 Sample answers. 11. 27 , 14 , 214 12. 32 , 22 4
23 , 6
21. 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 13. 54, 24 224 3 23 26 34
25 , 230 14. 8 , 28 , 216 15. 21.7, 220
23 6 4 40 8
16. 12
20 , 25 , 10 17. 5 , 50 , 10 18. 20 lb
Practice 4-2
1. 625 2. 125 3. 196 4. 64 5. 1 Practice 4-7
All rights reserved.
6. 729 7. 225 8. 3 9. 86 10. 34
1. 4 2. 9 3. 10 4. 3 5. 3 6. 8 7. z15
11. k5 12. (9)3m3 13. g4h 14. 7a2b3
8. 2m12 9. 236 10. x7 11. y9 12. 2y7
15. 16m3n2 16. (3)2d2e3 17. 8; 8
18. 0 19. 256; 256 20. 7 21. 12 13. 6y5 14. 6x15 15. m42 16. x6y2
22. 18 23. 150 24. 40 25. 28 26. 9 17. 54x19 18. h16 19. 3p6 20. 42z8 21.
27. 4 28. 9 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27.
28. 29.
Practice 4-3
Practice 4-8
1. 4 2. 18 3. 9 4. 23 5. 1 6. 7 7. 6
8. 25xy 9. 3 10. 16 11. 12k2 12. 2mn 1. 9 2. 4 3. 5 4. 2 5. 4 6. 4 7. 14
13. composite; 3 ? 52 14. composite; 23 ? 19 a
1 1 3x3 y8
15. composite; 24 ? 33 16. composite; 22 ? 3 ? 72 8. j 9. 1 10. 11. 12. 2f5 13.
k4 4 2
17. composite; 25 ? 5 18. composite; 22 ? 33 y3
14. 15 15. 3 16. 1 17. 3h5k 18. 46
19. prime 20. composite; 11 ? 13 n b
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
21. composite; 32 ? 59 22. composite; 32 ? 41 19. a23 20. 2x21y 21. x26y2 22. m22n24
23. prime 24. prime 25. 15, 35, 21, 105 23. 2s3t 24. 3e2 f 2 25. Answers may vary.
26. B 1 42 424
, 7, 4
45 4
Practice 4-4 Practice 4-9
1. 32 2. 12 3. 34 4. 54 5. 23 6. 97 4
7. 5y 8. 4x
5y
1. 37,700 2. 8,500 3. 0.00009002 4. 0.00191
5. 3.653 3 109 6. 6.336 3 104 7. 4.6 3 107
9. 3x
8 10. 6n
7
1
11. 10 5h
12. 9k 13. n
14. 1 2
pm4 3h 8. 7.725 3 107 9. 5.26 3 105 10. 8 3 109
3h 6 9
15. 4k 16. 5s2 3
17. 82, 12 18. 64, 96 19. 10 , 15 11. 8.1 3 106 12. 7.3 3 1027 13. 9.03 3 1024
4t
20. 16, 12
2
21. 21, 24 6m 9m
22. 16n , 24n 23. 1
,
pq 14. 6 3 107 15. 6 3 1014 16. 7.2 3 1027
2pq 2 2p2q 3 17. 8.5 3 1022 18. 23 3 105, 6.9 3 106,
2 2 3t 3
24. 6s14rt , 3s
7rst 25. 53 1
26. 10 72 3 105 19. 1.89 3 1024, 2.5 3 10 24,
19 3 1023 20. 3.125 3 1025
Practice 4-5 21. 3.1536 3 109
1. 12; P1-C3, P2-C3; P3-C1, P4-C1; P3-C2, P4-C2;
P3-C3, P4-C3 2. 12 3. 8 4. 16 5a. 15 Reteaching 4-1
b. 30
1. 17 2. 10, 25 3. 2, 4 4. 2, 4, 12 5. 1, 5, 11, 55
6. 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 10, 20, 40 7. 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 14, 21, 42
8. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48
40 Answers Pre-Algebra Chapter 4
Chapter 4 Answers (continued)
Reteaching 4-2 8. h2 ? h2 ? h2 ? h2 ? h2 5 h10
1. 10, 100 2. 10, 100 3. 10, 100 4. 10, 9. m4 ? m4 ? m4 ? m4 ? m4 ? m4 ? m4 ? m4 5 m32
100 5. 5, 25, 75 6. 3, 9, 18, 14 7. 4, 8, 4, 10. x3y2 ? x3y2 ? x3y2 5 x9y6
16, 80 8. 7, 2, 7, 4, 28 11. 2s4t5 ? 2s4t5 ? 2s4t5 ? 2s4t5 5 16s16t20
12. 2pqr2 ? (2pqr2) ? (2pqr2) 5 2p3q3r6
Reteaching 4-3
1. 2 ? 52, 5 ? 7, 5 2. 3 ? 52, 2 ? 3 ? 5, 3 ? 5 5 15 Reteaching 4-8
3. 24 ? 3, 22 ? 3 ? 5, 22 ? 3 5 12 4. 32 ? 5, 23 ? 32, y4
1. 76 2. x4 3. 1 4. 1
5. 6. 63 7. 1
32 5 9 5. 2 ? 72, 2 ? 3 ? 7 , 2 ? 7 5 14 6. 23 ? 3, n3 x2 a
24 ? 5, 23 5 8 7. 32 ? 5 ? 7, 23 ? 32 ? 5, 8. 15 9. 17 10. 57 3 11. 315 12. 1 13. 127
b y s t z
32 ? 5 5 45 8. 22 ? 3 ? 13, 24 ? 13, 22 ? 13 5 52 3
14. 4e2
f
All rights reserved.
Reteaching 4-4
Reteaching 4-9
4
1. 11 2. 23 3. 37 4. 65 5. 2 2? 2? 3? 3? 5? 3? a? a? a? b, 6b
5a
1. 7.45 3 108 2. 3.4 3 1024 3. 8.882 3 108
4. 5.7 3 103 5. 5.92 3 1010 6. 6 3 1029
2 ? 2 ? x ? x ? y
6. 2 ? 7 ? x ? y ? y , 2x 7. 2 ? 23 ?? 23 ?? 2s ?? ss ?? st ?? tt ? t, 9s4
2
7. 1.0296 3 1010 8. 3.45 3 102
7y
2 ? 5 ? p ? q ? r 2r 11 ? g ? h ? h ? h Enrichment 4-1
8. 5 ? p ? p ? q , p 9. g ? h , 11h2
1. yes 2. yes 3. no 4. yes 5. yes 6. no
7. yes 8. yes 9. no 10. yes 11. yes
10. 2 ? 2 ? 2 ?2 2? ?mm? ?mm? ?n m ? n ? n, 8mn
1 12. no 13. yes 14. no 15. yes 16. yes
17. can’t tell 18. can’t tell
Reteaching 4-5 Enrichment 4-2
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1. steak, fries, beans; steak, fries, peas; chicken, 1. 5, 25, 125, 2 2. 6, 36, 216, 6 3. 4, 16, 64, 256,
mashed, beans; chicken, mashed, peas; chicken, 4, 6 4. 9; 81; 729; 6,561; 1; 9 5. 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64,
fries, beans; chicken, fries, peas; hamburger, 128, 256, 6, 8 6. 1; 121; 12,321; 1,234,321;
mashed, beans; hamburger, mashed, peas; 123,454,321; 12,345,654,321 7a. 9 7b. 7 7c. 3
hamburger, fries, beans; hamburger, fries, peas; 7d. 1
12 meals 2. 6
Enrichment 4-3
Reteaching 4-6
1. 1, 23 2. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 3. 2 4. 8
1. 22 2. 2 3. 13 4. 72 5. 252 6. 11
2
7. 12 5. 22 ? 11; 6; 1, 2, 4, 11, 22, 44 6. 7 ? 13; 4; 1, 7, 13,
8. 273 9. 23
9 10. 41 11. 5 12. 238 13. 2 91 7. 53; 4; 1, 5, 25, 125 8. 2 ? 33; 8; 1, 2, 3, 6, 9,
14. 5 15. 234 18, 27, 54 9. 23 ? 83; 8; 1, 2, 4, 8, 83, 166, 332, 664
10. 32 ? 41; 6; 1, 3, 9, 41, 123, 369
11. 52 ? 19; 6; 1, 5, 19, 25, 95, 475 12. 2 ? 3 ? 37;
Reteaching 4-7
8; 1, 2, 3, 6, 37, 74, 111, 222
1. (4 ? 4 ? 4 ? 4 ? 4 ? 4 ? 4)(4 ? 4) 5 49
2. (a ? a ? a)(a ? a ? a ? a ? a ? a) 5 a9
3. (3 ? x ? x)(4 ? x ? x ? x ? x ? x) 5 12x7 Enrichment 4-4
4. (3 ? 3 ? 3 ? 3) ? (3 ? 3 ? 3) 5 37 1. 1; 1; 11; 11 2. 3; 3; 21; 21; 15; 15 3. 10; 10; 6;
5. (y ? y ? y ? y ? y) ? (y ? y ? y) 5 y8 6; 4; 4 4. 4; 4; 12; 12; 9; 9 5. 5; 5; 36; 36; 1; 1
6. (7 ? r ? r ? r ? r) ? (3 ? r ? r) 5 21r6 6. 8; 8; 32; 32; 11; 11 KODIAK
7. 53 ? 53 ? 53 ? 53 5 512
Pre-Algebra Chapter 4 Answers 41
Chapter 4 Answers (continued)
Enrichment 4-5 ✔ Checkpoint Quiz 2
1a. 1 1b. 2 1c. 1 2a. 1 2b. 3 2c. 3 22 4 24
1. Answers may vary. 29 , 18, 218 2. Answers
2d. 1 3a. 2; 3 3b. The number of outcomes
28 4 24
when a coin is tossed n times is 2n. 4. 16 may vary. 210 , 5, 25 3. 215 4. 21 5. 13
5. Each entry is the sum of the two entries above. 6-8. 3 4
6. They are the same. 7. 6 0.7 10 5
1.0 0 1.0
Enrichment 4-6
y3
9. 511 10. a12 11. 12. 34
1. 3, 3 2. 6, 6 3. 7,7 4. Answers may x2
vary. 6, 1, 5, 55. Answers may vary. 12, 2, 10, 10
2 2 n2
6. mm 1 5 m 2 n 7. For a = 2, 4, 7, and 10,
Chapter 4 Test Form A
n
All rights reserved.
answers are 7, 9, 12, and 15, respectively. The last 3 1. C 2. J 3. B 4. F 5. D 6. F 7. B
answers will vary. Each must be 3 more than the 8. H 9. D 10. J 11. B 12. 1, 2, 5, 10, 11,
corresponding value chosen for a. 22, 55, 110 13. composite; 32 ?7 14. prime
a2 2 2a 2 15 3 m2n
8. a 2 3 5a15 9. You cannot evaluate 15. 1 16. 2xy2 17. 5 18. 2
the fraction because the denominator equals zero. 19-21. 2 3
0.7 5 10
The fraction is undefined.
1.0 0 1.0
Enrichment 4-7 22. 223 23. 5.4 3 109 24. 24 25. Answers
2
1. 9 (99) 2a. 220 2b. 1,000,000 3. C 4. J may vary. 25 5 2225 5 223.
2
5. D 6. J 7a. 21 7b. 22 7c. 250 8. J 2
Also, 25 5 2 ? 2 2? 2? 2? 2 ? 2 5 13 . So, 223 5 13 since
2 2 2
22
cannot have two different values.
Enrichment 4-8 25
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1. 42, 41; 44, 40, 36; 39, 38, 43; 120 2. 17, 12,
13; 10, 14, 18; 15, 11; 42 3. 8, 3, Chapter 4 Test Form B
4; 1, 9; 6, 7, 2; 15 4. 64 5. 14, 8, 4; 1. C 2. G 3. C 4. J 5. C
2, 18; 1, 12, 16; 8 6. 16
1
, 2, 1; 8, 21 , 32 ; 4 , 4; 18 7. 81 , 4, 2;
1 1
6. 1, 2, 5, 7, 10, 14, 35, 70 7. prime
1 1
16, 1, 16 ; 4 , 8; 1
8. composite; 32 ? 11 9. 2 10. 3xy3
m3n2
11. 78 12. 3
Enrichment 4-9
13-15.
1. 2 3 104 mi/h 2. 2.4 3 105 mi 35 0.2
7
10
3a. 2.4 3 104 h 3b. 4.8 3 108 mi
3c. 1,000 days 4. 2.5 3 1013 mi 1.0 0 1.0
5. 6.25 3 1017 mi 16. 214 17. 8.4 3 108 18. 60
✔ Checkpoint Quiz 1 Alternative Assessment
1. 3 only 2. 2 and 3 3. 2, 3, 5, 9, and 10 4. 49 1. Answers may vary. 77 5 1 and
5. 21 6. 275 7. 54 8. 23 9. 21 10. Answers 71 1
5 7121 5 70; 77 5 771 cannot have
71
may vary. Samples are given. 6x2 and 9x3; 9x2 two different values, therefore 70 5 1.
and 3x3 2. (23) 2 5 (23)(23) 5 9 and
42 Answers Pre-Algebra Chapter 4
Chapter 4 Answers (continued)
232 5 2(3 ? 3) 5 29; (23) 2 is (3) squared
whereas 32 is the opposite of 32. 3. Add the
exponents; x2 ? x4 ? x 5 x21411 5 x7
4. 52 ? 13 5. m m 4
1 n 5 4 1 10 Substitute.
325 4
5 14 Simplify.
5 65 5 22 ?? 27 Factor.
5 27 Remove
5 5 13
common factors.
6. Start with the greatest number of quarters, 2.
Then find all the ways with 1 quarter and 2 dimes,
then with 1 quarter and 1 dime, and so on. There
All rights reserved.
are 13 ways.
Quarters 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Dimes 0 2 2 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nickels 0 1 0 3 2 1 0 5 4 3 2 1 0
Pennies 0 0 5 0 5 10 15 0 5 10 15 20 25
Cumulative Review
1. B 2. J 3. A 4. F 5. C 6. J 7. B
8. H 9. B 10. J 11. C 12. F 13. D
14. J 15. B 16. G 17. 6(x 1 3); 48
n
18. 3.2 5 20.25, n 5 20.8 19. 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 14, 28,
56 20. poached egg with orange juice and toast,
poached egg with tomato juice and toast,
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
scrambled egg with orange juice and toast,
scrambled egg with tomato juice and toast, fried
egg with orange juice and toast, fried egg with
tomato juice and toast; There are 6 combinations.
List them in an organized way.
Pre-Algebra Chapter 4 Answers 43
Chapter 5 Answers
Practice 5-1 Practice 5-6
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 1. March 5 2. 9 records per hour 3. page 198
8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 4. 56F 5.a. 7 b. 31 c. 5 d. 3 e. 17
14. 15. 16. 21 17. 96 18. 150
19. 18a3bc 20. 84x2y2 21. 144 22. 432 Practice 5-7
23. down; 358 . 312 24. yes; 223 , 234 25. 12, 23, 34 1. 2110 9
2. 1203 14
3. 15 4. 412 5. 41 6. 4
8 3 7 9 5
26. 31, 25, 37, 49 27. 11 , 4, 8, 10 5
7. 359 8. 24 9. 259 10. 216 3
11. 1113 12. 716
3 7 7
1
13. 58 14. 1412 15. 210 16. 12 17. 734
Practice 5-2 18. 411
12 19. 2
7 20. 7
9 21. 2
9 22. 2
5
7 7
1. 52 2. 34 3. 25 4
4. 217 9 4 23. h 1 312 5 2116; h 5 1712 ft
50 5. 100 6. 85
7. 0.85 8. 0.875 9. 0.5625 10. 3.125 24. h 1 134 5 614; h 5 412 ft
All rights reserved.
11. 6.28125 12. 2.696 13. 0.52 14. 4.62
15. 20.583 16. 0.4 17. 0.27 18. 1.36 Practice 5-8
3
19. 10 , 0.4, 21, 53 20. 234, 0.6, 0.38, 238
1. x 5 34 2. p 5 234 3. k 5 2113 4. h 5 45
21. 25, 0.2, 41, 25 22. 97
1 2
5 5 195 5 19.4 23. 1090
7
1
3 9 3 5. e 5 48 6. m 5 2423 7. p 5 229
24. 311
25 25. 2411 26. 100 27. 8 28. 990
241
1
29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 8. w 5 111 9. x 5 0 10. m 5 313 11. c 5 15
2
1 8
12. k 5 210 13. y 5 7 14. f 5 15
Practice 5-3 15. n 5 15 16. c 5 113 17. d 5 6 18. y 5 20
19. h 5 218 20. k 5 2123 21. 123m 5 2212;
1. 65 2. 83 3. 127 4. 2110 3
5. 212 1 7
6. 924
8x 7n 1 3 1
7. 15 8. 30 9. 3 10. 55 11. 2 12. 5y 4 m 5 1312 pages 22. 3x 5 156; x 5 52 mi/h
5
13. 116 14. 213 7
20 15. 612 16. 2312
11
7 15 1
17. 68 18. 11 19. 1416 20. 115 21. 11 Practice 5-9
23 61
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
22. 30 23. 56 24. 100 25. 2150 26. 126 25 x6
15
1. 36 2. 16
81 3. 125 4. 8x3 5. 9y4 6. 125a3b6
27. 28 28. 20 24 23
33 29. 665 30. 36 7. 144m2n2 8. 1,000x3y9 9. 729q3r3s12
4x 2 2
10. 11. a6b6 12. 16a12b8 13. 4x2
Practice 5-4 81y 2 y
9x 2 27y 6 32x 5
1. 54 2. 2145 7
3. 16 4. 1 5. 10 6. 212 7. 412 14. 15. 16. 17. 64 18. 2
64y 2 x3 y 10
6
8. 313 9. 52 10. 223 11. 35 12. 31 13. 14
39 19. 1 20. 16 21. 94 22. 1 23. 5 24. 4
3x
14. 2112 15. 249 16. 2115 17. 2914 18.
1 1 2
14 25. 3 26. 2 27. (4a2) 2 5 16a4
19. 38 20. 27t 1 1
68 21. 84 cups 22. 48 chapters 28. (3z5) 3 5 27z15
23. 15 sheets
Reteaching 5-1
Practice 5-5 3
4
1. 18 . 18 2. 85 , 68 3. 246 . 256
1. 10 2. 9 3. 20 4. 1200 5. 212 6. 212 5 4 21 39
4. 218 , 218 5. 36 , 22
36 6. 60 , 60
44
7. 114 8. 5 9. 18 10. 112 11. A glass of milk 6 5 15 16
7. 222 22
40 5 240 8. 25 . 25 9. 28 , 28
holds about 8 fl oz. 12. A newborn weighs 35 15
10. 63 . 63 11. 51 5 51 12. 260 . 226
33 15 25
60
about 712 lb. 13. Reasonable 14. ton; A whale
is very heavy. 15. cup; Cookies have about a cup
of sugar. 16. inch; A mouse is small 17. capac- Reteaching 5-2
63
ity 18. length 19. weight 20. length 1. 0.636363 . . . , 63.6363 . . . , 0.636363 . . . ,63, 99 ,
7 75
11 2. 0.83333 . . . , 83.3333 . . . , 8.3333 . . ., 75, 90 ,
40 Answers Pre-Algebra Chapter 5
Chapter 5 Answers (continued)
5 19 Enrichment 5-1
6 3. 113
18 4. 33 5. 410
11
4
6. 215
START
15
–
Reteaching 5-3 16
8 1 7 8 20
1. 210 2 110 5 110 2. 412 2 211 11
12 5 312 2 212
–1 – 31
32
–7
8
9
5 112 5 134 3. 5182
2 215 20 15 5
18 5 418 2 218 5 218 –2 –0.3 –8 –3 –0.9
4 34 13 7
4. 730 2 121 21
30 5 630 2 130 5 530 5. 118 6. 315
14 7 9 4
5 4 1 1 1 2
– – – – –0.4 – –
16 15 4 3 2 3
5
7. 319
42 8. 23
36 9. 514 10. 11
24 11. 34
45 12. 134
13. 41 14. 249 –6
17
–0.3 –6
25
–5
19
–2
3
–2
5
–9
20
–1
4
–0.3
–1 –7 –0.26
11
0.27
3 2
5 27 40 20 11
Reteaching 5-4
All rights reserved.
1 7 13 1
1. 31 2. 2225 3. 21013 4. 24 5. 2112 6. 21 0.21
4 25 50 7
7. 225 8. 2258 2 4 5
11 15 17
Reteaching 5-5 3
10
FINISH
1. 112 2. 312 3. 114 4. 212 5. 25 6. 38 7. 10
Enrichment 5-2
8. 5 9. 4,800 10. 334 11. 278 12. 214
1. 0.94 2. 0.27 3. 0.254 4. 0.24 5. 0.4
6. 7.138 7. 0.4 8. 0.7 9. 0.2 10. 0.5
Reteaching 5-6 11. 0.8 12. 0.8 13. 0.37 14. 0.82 15. 0.05
1.a. $3 b. $4 c. $8 d. $15 2. $44 3. 81 of 16. 0.61 17. 0.47 18. 0.47 19. 0.571
the pie 20. 0.007 21. 0.365 22. 0.998 23. 0.135
24. 0.135 25. 0.08705
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
Reteaching 5-7
Enrichment 5-3
1. h 5 18 2. e 5 12 3. m 5 213
16 4. p 5 7
5. x 5 118 6. y 5 216 7. k 5 2334
7 1 Sample answers are shown. 1. 12 1 16 1 21 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
7
8. n 5 110 9. f 5 22241
10. b 5 234 2. 2 1 6, 3 1 4 1 12 3. 3 1 6, 4 1 8 1 12 1 24
35
4. 12 1 14 1 18, 12 1 13 1 24
1 1 1
5. 14 1 19 1 18 ,3 1 1
12
1 1 1 1
6. 3 1 4, 2 1 12
Reteaching 5-8
5
1. x 5 112 2. x 5 112 3. y 5 12 2
4. h 5 211
7 3 4
Enrichment 5-4
5. j 5 6 6. p 5 28 7. m 5 5 8. n 5 245
9. x 5 114 10. k 5 2212 1. 53 2. 13
45 3. 12
29
350
4. 1,807 5. 1
1 6. 1
1
5 1 6 8 1 5
1 1
7. 1 8. 1
4 1 6 1
Reteaching 5-9 1
2 1 3
1
2 1 5
1. 10,000 2. 216 3. 16x2 4. a10b5
4 49 27
5. 9a2b6 6. 125m6n9 7. 81 8. 64 9. 21,000 Enrichment 5-5
3 8 5
x y 10
16
10. 11. 27x 12. a20 13. 1. 2314, 3813; 3313, 2513; 3612, 10923; 7214, 10413; 8316, 9123;
x8 125 b 15
32z
6 2 1523, 4913; 1734, 23; 1912
5
, 29; 3656, 7713; 3116, 2613
14. 1
15. 4r 4s 16. 2 6273 17. p12q 9r6
16n12 9t a b c6 2. Sample answer: The larger units are more
x 8y 4z12 a 3c12
18. 19. 6252 20. appropriate, but the people at American Forests
16 j k 64b3
probably wanted to avoid fractions.
Pre-Algebra Chapter 5 Answers 41
Chapter 5 Answers (continued)
Enrichment 5-6 the week it weighed 634 lb. What was its birth
7
1. 116 3
2. 158 3. 16 7
4. 16 3
5. 16 5
6. 78 7. 16 weight?
9
and 83 b. 112 and 116 c. 115
16 and 2 d. 13 7
16 and 8
23 5 15 9 9 1
8. 132 9. 32 10. 32 11. 32 12. 132 13. 32 Chapter 5 Test Form B
1. A 2. F 3. B 4. J 5. A 6. J 7.
Enrichment 5-7 8. 9. 8
10. 0.46 11. x 7
5 15 12. y 5 114
9
5 3 49m2
1. h 1 6,194 5 29,028; h 5 22,834 ft 2. 224 13. 14. 6 15. 16. x y
10 5
5 5 4 81n2
3. 114 1
4. 115 5. 214 6. 2356 7. 85 8. 21340 3
17. 110 m 5 195; m 5 150 months 18. 12
9. 211320 10. 2217
18 11. 10 3
20 12. 1 11
24 13. 25
42
1 7
14. 217 15. 48
ACONCAGUA ARGENTINA
Alternative Assessment
All rights reserved.
1. Answer is incorrect; find the LCM of 9 and 3;
multiply 13 by 33; then add 249 1 39. The correct
Enrichment 5-8
answer is 219 2. Multiply each amount by 12 or
1. 12 s, 12 s, 1 s, 2 s 2. 14 s, 41 s, 18 s, 81 s, 18 s, 18 s, 1 s, 2 s divide each amount by 2. 3. Sample answer: Lisa
3.a. 34 s b. 3 s 4. 41 s, 12 s, 83 s, 112 s, 32 3
s, 34 s and George bought a pizza with 15 equal pieces.
George ate 31 of the pizza and together they ate 53.
Enrichment 5-9 How much did Lisa eat? Lisa ate 15 4
of the pizza.
1
1.a. 64 b. 64 c. 43 5 26 2.a. 6,561 4.a. 46 b. 1.27 c. cm to m; It is easier to divide
b. 6,561 c. 94 5 38 3. 43 5 (22) 3 5 26 by 100 than 12.
4. 94 5 (32) 4 5 38 5. 211 6. 310 7. 212 5. (ab) 5 5 (ab)(ab)(ab)(ab)(ab)
8. 67 9. 313 10. 218 11. 222 12. 510 5 a ? a ? a ? a ? a ? b ? b ? b ? b ? b 5 a 5b 5
13. 229 14. 318 15. 713 16. 1017 17. 341
18. 249 Cumulative Review
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
5
1. D 2. G 3. A 4. H 5. D 6. H 7. 124
✔ Checkpoint Quiz 1 5
8. 218 9. 317
60 10. 42 11. 214 11
12. 20 2
13. 15
1. 112 2. 200 3. 77 4. 5. 6. 4
14. 2645 15. 100 16. 67 17. 36k2 18. x81
7. 1.6 8. 23 9. 0.27 10. D 3
19. 8m6 2 2
20. 81 2
, 243, 729 ; Sample answer: Start
n
with 2 and multiply by 13 repeatedly.
✔ Checkpoint Quiz 2
5
1. 214 2. 6 3. 712 4. 7,500 5. 114 ft
8
6. y 5 4 7. t 5 212 8. x 5 2115 9. k 5 11
1
10. 11 ft from the center line
Chapter 5 Test Form A
1. D 2. G 3. A 4. F 5. D 6. G 7. C
5
8. H 9. D 10. G 11. 12. 13. 11
14. 0.583 15. x 5 213
14 16. t 5 1218
17. n 5 211
24 18. 114 19. 26 20. 16x2
27m3 2
21. 22. x3y6 23. 3c 5 54; c 5 81 coins
8n3
24. 20 puppies 25. Sample answer: A baby lost
3
4 lb in the week after it was born. At the end of
42 Answers Pre-Algebra Chapter 5
Chapter 6 Answers
Practice 6-1 12. 165 13. 117 14. 28 games 15. 87.5%
16. 4,200 votes
1. 26 mi/gal 2. $7.50/h 3. 52 mi/h
4. 13 throws/bull’s eye 5. 13 17 15
15 6. 13 7. 13
1 1 3 3 4 3 3 2 2 2 4
8. 1 9. 2 10. 4, 7, 7 11. 2, 5, 5 12. 4, 6, 6 Practice 6-7
13. 127 13
14. 21 15. 92 16. 54 17. 53 18. 14 1. 68% 2. 125% 3. 75% 4. 0.5% 5. 27
3 5 4 1 6. 169 7. 58 8. 36.2 9. 8 10. 14 11. 57
19. 7 20. 7 21. 3 22. 4
12. 70 13. 7,000 14. 1,300 15. 80%
16. 1,440 students
Practice 6-2
f 2 2. 75 5 p , p 5 50 pts
1. 420
36 5 30 , f 5 350 ft 6 4
Practice 6-8
6
3. 1.00 5 15
d , d 5 $2.50 4. proportion 5. pro- 1. 12.5%; decrease 2. 25%; increase 3. 13%;
increase 4. 18%; decrease 5. 66.7%; increase
portion 6. proportion 7. not a proportion
All rights reserved.
6. 300%; increase 7. 70%; decrease 8. 21%;
8. not a proportion 9. proportion 10. x 5 25 decrease 9. 26.8%; increase 10. 33.9%;
11. n 5 17 12. h 5 28 13. f 5 110 decrease 11. 20%; increase 12. 50%; decrease
14. m 5 75 15. j 5 102.9 16. r 5 11.5 13. 25%; decrease 14. 900%; increase
15. 100%; increase 16. 400%; increase
17. x 5 19.9 18. $3.08 19. 75 min 17. 33.3%; increase 18. 25%; increase
19. 69.6%; increase 20. 52.6%; decrease
Practice 6-3 21. 52.6% increase 22. 70.5%; decrease
23. 8.2% 24. 14.6% 25. 26%
1. 32 mi 2. 80 mi 3. 56 mi 4. 160 mi
5. 128 mi 6. 116 mi 7. 5 8. 42.5 9. 36
Practice 6-9
10. 21.3, 15.8 11. 5.5 m 12. 43 in. 13. 234 in.
14. 812 in. 1. $34.50 2. $30.13 3. 104.40 4. $.98
5. $43.50 6. $540.00 7. $9.63 8. $37.50
9. $314.50 10. $271.98 11. $24.04
Practice 6-4
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
12. $886.80 13.a. $26.60 b. $6.65 c. $19.95
2 1 3 10 d. $5.95 e. 42.5%
1. 11 2. 11 3. 11 4. 11 5. 1 to 1 6. 3 to 4
7. 1 to 6 8. 5 to 9 9. 11 to 3 10. 4 to 3
11. 241 1
12. 12 13. 83 14. 85 15. 87 16. 83 Practice 6-10
17. 1 to 3 18. 1 to 1 19. 23 to 1 20. 5 to 3 1. $10,625; $9,031.25; $7,676.56; $6,525.08
21. 1 to 11 22. 5 to 7 2. $115, $110, $105, $100, $95; Marcus bought 3
videotapes and 3 CD’s 3. 6 fizzes 4. 13 ways
5. 226; 244; 264; 285 6. 12 different sandwiches
Practice 6-5 7. 1:00 P.M.
1. 16% 2. 72% 3. 96% 4. 77.5%
5. 55.5% 6. 40.3% 7. 304% 8. 500.9% Reteaching 6-1
9. 0.04% 10. 307.7% 11. 57.1% 12. 57.6% 1. $6.50/h 2. 62 mi/h 3. $1.095/gal
13. 0.08 14. 0.124 15. 1.45 16. 0.0007 4. 9.5 gal/min 5. 13.5¢/oz 6. 74 words/min
17. 0.075 18. 0.1525 19. 53 20. 20
1 7
21. 20 7. $.09/fl oz; $.11/fl oz; 12 fl oz bottle 8. 8.2
8 1
22. 25 23. 15 24. 125 25. 26. 27.
2 mi/gal; 9.5 mi/gal; returning from the museum
28. 5%
Reteaching 6-2
Practice 6-6 1. p 5 14 2. x 5 8 3. y 5 39 4. x 5 5.25
5. t 5 72 6. y 5 46.67 7. e 5 24.5
1. 56 2. 88 3. 35 4. 200 5. 800 6. 30%
8. k 5 15 9. m 5 22.5 10. w 5 38.4
7. 37.5% 8. 90% 9. 78% 10. 20 11. 111
Pre-Algebra Chapter 6 Answers 43
Chapter 6 Answers (continued)
11. z 5 4 12. a 5 28 13. r 5 52 14. t 5 48 Reteaching 6-10
15. c 5 6.3 16. e 5 18
1. $90; $1,890 2. $1,890; $94.50; $1,984.50
3. $1,984.50; $99.23; $2,083.73 4. $2,083.73;
Reteaching 6-3 $104.19; $2,187.92 5. $2,187.92; $109.40;
$2,297.32 6. $2,297.32; $114.87; $2,412.19;
1.a. MN MP MN NP 20 NP
ST 5 SW ; ST 5 TW b. 15 5 24 ; 7. $2,412.19; $120.61; $2,532.80 8. $2,532.80;
SW 5 27, NP 5 32 2. DK 5 55, RV 5 84 $126.64; $2,659.44 9. $2,659.44; $132.97;
3. AN 5 39, GS 5 42 $2,792.41 10. $2,792.41; $139.62; $2,932.03,
$2,932.03
Reteaching 6-4
1. 41 2. 16 3. 65 4. 1 5. 43 6. 0 7. 20 1
8. 12
Enrichment 6-1
3 1
9. 51 10. 0 11. 2011
12. 52 13. 41 14. 1 1. 460 2a. 10 2b. 20 2c. 52 2d. 14
All rights reserved.
1 1 3a. 423,200 people 3b. 3,385,600 people
15. 5 16. 2
4. 168 5a. 31 5b. 125
5c. 14 6. 29 7. 29
42
Reteaching 6-5
1. 70% 2. 60% 3. 55% 4. 68% 5. 20%
Enrichment 6-2
8 4 5
6. 39% 7. 5% 8. 26% 9. 62.5% 1. Sample answers: 54 5 10 , 8 5 10 , true 2. true
3 19 7
10. 18.75% 11. 20 12. 81 13. 25 14. 50 3. true 4. true 5. false 6. false 7. true
3 97 1
15. 5 16. 100 17. 4 18. 3 41 11 8. true 9. C 1 D C 2 D
D , D 10. Sample answers:
10 19. 50 20. 16
9 18 5 15 15 30
21 5 22 , 21 5 23 , 21 5 22 11. yes
Reteaching 6-6
1. 80% 2. 75% 3. 68% 4. 127.5% Enrichment 6-3
5. 87.5% 6. 26.3% 7. 28.8 8. 57 9. 78 1. Check students’ work. 2. Check students’
10. 26.4 11. 12.2 12. 14.5 13. 70 work. 3. Check students’ drawings.
14. 300 15. 16 16. 30,666.7 17. 1,607.7
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
18. 64.7
Enrichment 6-4
1. 1
7 2. 21, 1 to 1 3. 43, 3 to 1 4. 38, 3 to 5
8 , 1 to
Reteaching 6-7 a
5. a 1 b 6. 1 to 7 7. 13 to 3 8. 3 to 5
1. 140% 2. 65% 3. 66.7% 4. 87.5% 13
9. 3 to 1 10. 81 11. 16 12. 83 13. 34
5. 37.5% 6. 22.2% 7. 39 8. 0.1 9. 102
10. 117 11. 7 12. 47.3 13. 63.2 14. 70.8
15. 140 16. 175 17. 384 18. 325 Enrichment 6-5
1. 40% E 2. 35% A 3. 30% A 4. 8% A
Reteaching 6-8 5. 25% I 6. 20% G 7. 3313% R 8. 80% C
1. 12.5% 2. 66.7% 3. 126.7% 4. 700% 9. 37.5% N 10. 2% D 11. 3% S 12. 200%
5. 62.5% 6. 75% 7. 40% 8. 175% 9. 75% W 13. 2.5% L
10. 37.5% 11. 45% 12. 33.3% 13. 30.3% A SCALE DRAWING
14. 12% 15. 100% 16. 68%
Enrichment 6-6
Reteaching 6-9
1. 400 2. 60%, 35%, 7% 3. age 20–39
1. $25.50 2. $81.60 3. $203.50 4. $143.55 4. 120 males 5. 12.5% 6. 6,400 females
5. $452.25 6. $14.25 7. $115.60 8. $594.30 7. 30 respondents 8.a. 35% b. 14 respondents
9. $17.99 10. $1.68
44 Answers Pre-Algebra Chapter 6
Chapter 6 Answers (continued)
Enrichment 6-7 Chapter 6 Test Form B
1 1 1 1 3 1 2 1 3 7 3 4 5 9 1. A 2. J 3. A 4. J 5. C 6. G 7. A
1. 10 , 8 , 5 , 4 , 10 , 3 , 5 , 2 , 5 , 10 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 102. 10 3. 33
4. 30 5. 120 6. 20 7. 250 8. 63 9. 1,000 8. H 9. B 10. J 11. 8.5 n
11 5 8.25 ; n 5 6.375 in.
10. 44, 15, 22, 9 11. 60% 12. $24.50 13. 7 pizzas 14. Sample answer:
Find the cross products and then solve the result-
ing equation for the missing value. 15. 3 1 in.
Enrichment 6-8 3
16. 6 ft
1. $44.31 2. $.35 3. $1.01 4. 7.8% 5. 4.9%
6. 24.3%
Chapter 6 Alternative Assessment
21 28 35 42 49
Enrichment 6-9 1. 14
2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 2. 71 3. Sample answer:
1 x
1. Sample answer: No; a single markdown of 40% Use a proportion 15 5 100 . 4. Sample answer:
All rights reserved.
is better because it is taken off the total price. What is 18% of 30? x 5 0.18(30) ; x 5 5.4; 5.4 is
2. Sample answer is given in question 1. 18% of 30 5. Subtract to find the amount of
3. $15.94 4. $15 5. The single markdown is a decrease. Write a ratio comparing the amount of
better buy. By taking 15% off the already reduced decrease to the original amount. Write the ratio as
price, you are taking 15% off a lesser amount. a percent. 6. Sample answer: x . 50 because 16
1
6. 1 2 (0.75 3 0.85) 5 0.3625; It is equal to a is more than half of 30. 7. P(I) 5 11 ,
single markdown of 36.25% 7. The final price at 2 4
P(M) 5 11 , P(vowel) 5 11
Shirt Shack is $17.50. The final price at Terrific
Tops is $17.85. Shirt Shack has the better buy.
Cumulative Review
Enrichment 6-10 1. B 2. H 3. D 4. J 5. A 6. F 7. D
x
1. $1,080 2. $9,480 3. $86.84, $11,365.27; 8. F 9. C 10. H 11. B 12. 120 5 114
144 ,
$11,365.27, $85.24, $11,150.51; $11,150.51, $83.63, x 5 95 13. $20.99 14. 3.9% 15. 56%
$10,934.14; $10,934.14, $82.01, $10,716.15; 16. 24.2% 17. 92 18. 32 19. 36 mi 20. 86 mi
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
$10,716.15, $80.37, $10,496.52; $10,496.52, $78.72, 21. 15 22. 23.3 23. 73 24. 15 8
25. Sample
$10,275.24; $10,275.24, $77.06, $10,052.30; answer: Multiply the percent of markup in decimal
$10,052.30, $75.39, $9,827.69; $9,827.69, $73.71,
form by the cost. Add the result to the cost.
$9,601.40; $9,601.40, $72.01, $9,373.41 4. $106.59
✔ Checkpoint Quiz 1
1. 14 mi/h 2. $1.19/gal 3. 32 ft/s 4. 17.5
5. 6 days 6. D
✔ Checkpoint Quiz 2
1. 2. 3. 4. 0.26 ? 140 5 n, 36.4
5. 700x 5 14, 2% 6. 0.85k 5 68, 80 7. $42
Chapter 6 Test Form A
1. A 2. G 3. D 4. H 5. A 6. G 7. B
8. H 9. B 10. J 11. C 12. F 13. D
14. 120 x
3 5 5 , x 5 200 words 15. 16. 4 in.
3
17. 6 ft 18. $141.75 19. 5 ways 20. Sample
answer: A proportion is true if the cross products
are equal. Thus, ba 5 dc is true if ad 5 bc.
Pre-Algebra Chapter 6 Answers 45
Chapter 7 Answers
Practice 7-1 Practice 7-5
1. x 5 12 2. m 5 6 3. k 5 15 4. h 5 24 1. k 5 8 2. e 5 18 3. n 5 211 4. x 5 214
5. n 5 7 6. y 5 42 7. k 5 9 8. t 5 18 5. h 5 25 6. n 5 1 7. p 5 8 8. m 5 24
9. v 5 232 10. f 5 3 11. p 5 3 12. k 5 12 9. y 5 12 10. x 5 21 11. k 5 15
13. m 5 21 14. v 5 3 15. x 5 230 12. t 5 24 13. x 5 1613 14. m 5 217 2
16. r 5 4 17. C; p 5 9; it will take her 9 days. 15. x 5 7 16. k 5 6 17. m 5 4 18. p 5 29
18. 6w 1 46 5 73; w 5 4.5; she earned $4.50 an 19. 2n 2 (n 2 7) 5 12; n 5 5 20. 3n 2 4
hour. 19. b ? 134 1 112 5 634; b 5 3; you made 3 5 2n 1 3; n 5 7
batches of nut bread.
Practice 7-6
Practice 7-2 1. x # 3,
All rights reserved.
1. p 5 15 2. n 5 10 3. k 5 29 4. h 5 2 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
5. n 5 5 6. x 5 29 7. p 5 2 8. y 5 12 2. x $ 2,
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
9. e 5 21 10. x 5 12 11. n 5 22
3. x , 21,
12. y 5 30 13. n 1 (n 1 1) 1 (n 1 2) 5 51; 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
16, 17, 18 14. n 1 (n 1 1) 1 (n 1 2) 5 215; 4. x $ 3,
6, 5, 4 15. n 1 (n 1 1) 1 (n 1 2) 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
1 (n 1 3) 5 30; 6, 7, 8, 9 16. 5h 1 4(h 1 3) 5. x . 22,
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
5 66; $6/h
6. x , 0,
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
Practice 7-3 7. x . 3 8. x # 5 9. x . 4 10. x , 1
1. n 5 2 2. p 5 2.5 3. k 5 23.5 11. x , 5 12. x , 27 13. x . 245
4. h 5 1212 5. n 5 8.4 6. y 5 4 7. y 5 12 14. x # 10 15. 12n 1 9 # 28; n # 234
8. m 5 7 9. h 5 3 10. p 5 8.7 11. w 5 2.4 16. 55h , 385; h , 7; she drove less than 7 h.
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
12. f 5 6.8 13. k 5 9.4 14. e 5 237
15. x 5 25.6 16. x 5 25.9 Practice 7-7
17. 3x 1 2(x 2 3) 5 91.50; $19.50 and $16.50 c
1. p 5 1.06 2. $35 3. $9.99 4. $9.39
18. 29 1 0.08m 5 46.12; m 5 214 miles 19. 6 5. h 5 b 6. b 5 2A
2A
7. 6 cm 8. 9 ft
h
20. 100 9. w 5 3V 10. c 5 ab
lh a 1 b
Practice 7-4 Practice 7-8
1. 4p 1 0.16 5 3.32; p 5 0.79; one pen costs $.79. 1. $490.02 2. $12,410.63 3. $1,298.92
2. 0.10(n 1 3) 1 0.25n 5 $1.70; n 5 4; Arnold 4. $71,288.04 5. $135 6. $50.55 7. $300,
had 7 dimes and 4 quarters. $5,300; $5,300, $318, $5,618; $5,618, $337.08,
3. 3.2 1 0.17w 5 5.75; w 5 15; she was 15 weeks $5,955.08; $5,955.08, $357.30, $6,312.38 8. $216,
$7,416; $7,416, $222.48, $7,638.48; $7,638.48,
old. 4. 4(v 1 6) 1 18v 5 134; v 5 5; there were
$229.15, $7,867.63; $7,867.63, $236.03, $8,103.66
11 cars and 5 trucks.
5. 6(k 1 3) 5 48; k 5 5 6. c 1 (c 1 1) 5 1.10;
c 5 0.05; the bottle cost $1.05 and the cap costs Reteaching 7-1
$.05. 7. 2 Q 2 1 12l 1 l R 5 40; l 5 12; the length is 1. 4n 1 13 2 13 5 1 2 13; 4n 5 212; 4n 212
4 5 4 ;
12 and the width is 8. n 5 23 2. 5 3. 6 4. 28 5. 2 6. 5
7. 45
Pre-Algebra Chapter 7 Answers 37
Chapter 7 Answers (continued)
Reteaching 7-2 Enrichment 7-1
1. 3a 2 12 5 9, 3a 2 12 1 12 5 9 1 12, 3a 5 21, 1. 73 beats/min 2. 592 ft 3. 3,090.5 m 4. 91
3a 21 5. $420 6. 6.3 min 7. 1.25 in. 8. 11 mi
3 5 3 , a 5 7 2. 5 3. 11 4. 5 5. 6
6. 4 7. 7
Enrichment 7-2
Reteaching 7-3 1. n 1 2, n 1 4 2. n 1 (n 1 2) 1 (n 1 4)
5 99; 3n 1 6 5 99; n 5 31; 31, 33, 35 3. 85, 87,
1. 4 2. 7 3. 12 4. 15 5. 2 6. 10
89 4. 446, 448 5. 35 6. m 1 6, m 1 12
7. n 1 (n 1 5) 1 (n 1 10) 5 90; 25, 30, 35
Reteaching 7-4 8. n 1 (n 1 7) 1 (n 1 14) 1 (n 1 21) 5 378;
84, 91, 98, 105 9. 3m 1 (m 1 4) 1 (m 1 8)
1. 12n 1 (n 2 8) 5 25; n 5 22; the number is 22. 5 272; 52, 56, 60
2. s 1 s 1 12s 1 5 5 50; s 5 18; 12s 1 5 5 14; The
All rights reserved.
sides are 18 in., 18 in., and 14 in.
Enrichment 7-3
Reteaching 7-5 1. 32x 2 76 1 76 5 72 1 76 2. 32x 5 28
6
1. 3 2. 4 3. 9 4. 3 5. 6 6. 2 3. 23x ? 32 5 28
6 ? 3
2 4. x 5 7 5. 6
7. 3 8. 2 6. 6 Q 23x 2 76 R 5 6 Q 72 R 7. 6 Q 23x R 2 6 Q 76 R 5 21
8. 4x 2 7 5 21 9. x 5 7 10. 2 11. 65 12. 2
Reteaching 7-6 13. 1 14. 94 15. 3
1. x # 22,
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
Enrichment 7-4
2. x . 25,
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 1. 12 1 14 5 h1 ; h 5 113 h 2. 13 1 12 5 h1 ; h 5 115 h
3. k # 3, 3. 18 1 101
5 h1 ; h 5 449 h 4. 16 1 18 1 121
5 h1 ;
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 2 1 1 1 1 6
h5 23 h 5. 5 1 8 1 10 5 h; h 5 217 h
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
4. y , 21,
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
5. x . 24, Enrichment 7-5
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
1. Sample answers are shown: (5, 20), (6, 18),
6. t $ 23, (7, 16) 2. 3, 2, 2, 4 3. 5, 2, 1, 2 4. 10,
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
7, 4, 2 5. 9, 4, 11, 16 6. 6, 4, 2, 2 7. 5,
2, 1, 4 8. x 1 y 5 11 9. x 2 y 5 14
Reteaching 7-7 10. 2x 1 y 5 26
y 2 b y 2 b p
1. x 5 m 2. m 5 x 3. s 5 6
3(y 1 5)
4. h 5 B 2A1 b 5. P 5 rt
I
6. x 5 2
Enrichment 7-6
t
7. p 5 0.05 V
8. w 5 lh 9. m 5 2k2 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. B,
v C, F, G 8. A, C, D, E 9. A, D 10. B, F, G
W 1 pL 2
10. V 5 p 11. G 5 mFr
1m 2 11. true 12. true
pV 2 W
12. L 5 p 13. e 5 hv V
2 E
14. m 5 v Mu
2 u Enrichment 7-7
4(y 1 4)
1. A
p 2. 2A
h 2 b2 3. 3
I
4. Pt 5. P6
Reteaching 7-8 6. 3m 2 a2 2 a3 7. 3V S 2A
4p 8. 2pr 2 r 9. b1 1 b2
1. $45, $1,545; $1,545, $46.35, $1,591.35; $1,591.35, 10. m(x 2 3) 1 5
$47.74, $1,639.09; $1,639.09, $49.17, $1,688.26
ARE DANCING
2. B 5 1,500(1 1 0.03) 4 5 $1,688.26
38 Answers Pre-Algebra Chapter 7
Chapter 7 Answers (continued)
Enrichment 7-8 shown: The higher interest rate pays more. For
1. $2,249.73, $249.73 2. $2,252.32, $252.32 example, $1,000 would pay $220 at 5.5% simple
3. $2,253.65, $253.65 4. quarterly 5. $631.24, interest, whereas the same amount would pay only
$131.24 6. $633.39, $133.39 7. $634.49, $134.49 $215.51 at 5%, even with compounding.
8. $634.87, $134.87 9. $635.24, $135.24
10. monthly 11. There is a smaller increase
each time.
Chapter 7 Alternative Assessment
✔ Checkpoint Quiz 1 1.
1. x 5 29 2. n 5 230 3. y 5 12
4. m 5 23 5. k 5 234 6. x 5 26
7. n 1 (n 1 1) 1 (n 1 2) 5 99; n 5 32; 32, 33, 2. x $ 23
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2
All rights reserved.
34
3. The distributive property lets you write the
equation without parentheses: 5x 1 20 5 29.
✔ Checkpoint Quiz 2 4. 4 is not a solution; x , 4 5. Sample answer is
1. y 5 29 2. x 5 2 3. m 5 4 4. k . 4 shown: Carla's brother is two years older than
5. n # 35 6. a # 4 7. x 5 43 (y 1 6) 8. B Carla. The sum of their ages is greater than 16.
How old is Carla? 6. In both, you start by sub-
tracting 11 from each side. You can just divide
Chapter 7 Test Form A each side of 22x 5 224 by 2, but you must
1. C 2. J 3. A 4. G 5. C 6. J 7. B switch the inequality sign on 22x . 224 when
you divide each side by 2.
8. F 9. B 10. y 5 21 11. x 5 24
12. x 5 7 13. n 5 0 14. w 5 P 2
2
2l
15. k $ 22, Chapter 7 Cumulative Review
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 1. A 2. J 3. B 4. H 5. A 6. H 7. D
16. t . 27, 8. G 9. C 10. F 11. D 12. G 13. 4
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 14. 6 15. 25 16. 20 17. 18. $73.92
17. n 1 (n 1 1) 1 (n 1 2) 5 156; n 5 51; 51, 52, 19.a. $674.92 b. $74.92 20. Sample answer is
53 18. 9.99 1 0.35t 5 11.74; t 5 5, 5 toppings shown: Olga earns $2 each day she delivers news-
19. at least 15 20. Sample answer is shown: The papers, but she pays her mother $4 a week for gas.
How many days does she deliver newspapers to
higher interest rate pays more. For example,
clear $8? x 5 6; 6 days
$1,000 would pay $127.50 at 4.25% simple interest,
whereas the same amount would pay only $126.16
at 4%, even with compounding.
Chapter 7 Test Form B
1. A 2. H 3. D 4. G 5. B 6. J
7. A 8. H 9. x 5 26 10. n 5 234
11. y 5 24m 1 5
12. x $ 21,
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
13. k . 25,
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2
14. n 1 (n 1 1) 1 (n 1 2) 1 (n 1 3) 5 290;
n 5 71; 71, 72, 73, 74 15. 2w 2 6 5 40; w 5 23;
23 mi/gal 16. k . 8 17. Sample answer is
Pre-Algebra Chapter 7 Answers 39
Chapter 8 Answers
Practice 8-1 8. y
4
1. y No; a pencil held
4 vertically would
2
pass through
2 both (1, 4) and x
x (1, 2). 4 2 O 2 4
4 2 O 2 4 2
2
4
4
9. 23x 2 2; y
4
2. y Yes; a pencil
All rights reserved.
4 held vertically 2
would not pass
2 through any two x
points. 4 2 O 2 4
x
4 2 O 2 4 2
2
4
4
10. 2x; y
4
3. {7, 8, 5, 9}, {2, 7, 1} Yes; there is one range
value for each domain value. 4. {8, 10, 5}, 2
{0, 6, 2, 7} No; there are two range values for the
domain value 10. 5. {9.2, 3.6, 5.2}, {4.7, 4.8} Yes; x
there is one range value for each domain value. 4 2 O 2 4
6. Yes; there is one time for each speed. 2
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
4
Practice 8-2
1. 5x 2 4 2. 12x 1 1 3. 4x 1 7 4. 2x 1 23 11. no 12. yes 13. yes 14. no 15. yes
5. 2 13x 2 3 6. 2 25x 1 4 16. yes
7. y
4
Practice 8-3
2 1. 52 2. undefined 3. 04. 2 18
x 5. y 5 5x 2 6, 5, 6 6. y 5 2 72x 1 5, 2 72, 5
4 2 O 2 4
7. 0 8. 43 9. y
2 4
4 2
x
4 2 O 2 4
2
4
Pre-Algebra Chapter 8 Answers 37
Chapter 8 Answers (continued)
10. y 3. 12
4
10
shipped (millions)
2
Units of LP's
8
x
4 2 O 2 4 6
2 4
4 2
0
90
1
92
93
94
95
96
9
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
Practice 8-4
Year
All rights reserved.
1. y 5 254x 1 2 2. y 5 2x 2 4 3. f(x) 5 26x 4. positive correlation 5. negative correlation
4. f(x) 5 x 2 7 5. f(x) 5 3x 2 8 6. no correlation
z
6. f(x) 5 12x 1 6 7. p(z) 5 16 8. s(c) 5 1.45c
9. m(r) 5 2r 1 7
Practice 8-6
1–2. Giraffe Height
Practice 8-5
y
1. 1,000
Units of CD's shipped
800 18
(millions)
Height (ft)
600 14
400 10
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
200 6
0 2 x
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
0 2 4 6 8 10
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
Year Age (yrs)
2. 500 3. y 5 32x 1 1 4.a. 812 ft b. 10 yrs
5–6. Hippopotamus Weight
shipped (millions)
Units of cassetes
400
y
300 5000
200 4000
Weight (lb)
100
3000
0
2000
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
1000
Year
x
0 1 2 3 4 5
Age (yrs)
38 Answers Pre-Algebra Chapter 8
Chapter 8 Answers (continued)
7. y 5 600x 1 100 8.a. 4,900 lb b. 13 yrs 8. x 1 y 5 3; x 2 y 5 1; (2, 1); 2 and 1
9. Sample answer is shown: No; the hippo will not y
continue to gain weight indefinitely. 4
2
Practice 8-7
x
1. yes 2. no 3. yes
4 2 O 2 4
4. (1, 2); y
4 2
2 4
x
4 2 O 2 4
Practice 8-8
All rights reserved.
2
1. y
4 4
5. (1, 1); y 2
4 x
4 2 O 2 4
2
2
x
4 2 O 2 4 4
2
2. y
4 4
6. (1, 2); y 2
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
4 x
4 2 O 2 4
2
2
x
4 2 O 2 4 4
2
3. y
4 4
7. (2, 0); y 2
4 x
4 2 O 2 4
2
2
x
4 2 O 2 4 4
2
4
Pre-Algebra Chapter 8 Answers 39
Chapter 8 Answers (continued)
4. y y
4
4
2
2
x
4 2 O 2 4 x
2 4 2 O 2 4
2
4
4
5. y
4 2. y 5 0 2 3 5 23, (0, 3); y 5 4 2 3 5 1,
(4, 1); y 5 21 2 3 5 24, (1, 4)
All rights reserved.
2
y
x 4
4 2 O 2 4
2 2
x
4 4 2 O 2 4
2
6. y
4
4
2
x
4 2 O 2 4 Reteaching 8-3
2 1. 3 2. 252 3. 41 4. 278 5. 252 6. 3 7. 0
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
8. undefined
4
7. yes 8. no 9. no 10. yes Reteaching 8-4
1. f(x) 5 7x 2. f(x) 5 x 2 8
Reteaching 8-1 3. f(x) 5 22x 1 9 4. f(x) 5 13x 1 9
No; a pencil held ver- 5. f(x) 5 214x 2 7 6. f(x) 5 6x 2 11
y
4 tically would pass
through both (1, 3) Reteaching 8-5
2 and (1, 2).
1. 10
x
4 2 O 2 4
French Open wins
8
2
6
4
4
Reteaching 8-2 2
1. y 5 32 (0) 2 1 5 0 2 1 5 21, (0, 1);
y 5 32 (22) 2 1 5 23 2 1 5 24, (2, 4); 0 2 4 6 8 10
y 5 32 (4) 2 1 5 6 2 1 5 5, (4, 5) U.S. Open wins
40 Answers Pre-Algebra Chapter 8
Chapter 8 Answers (continued)
2. 10 2. y
4
Australian Open wins
8
2
6 x
4 2 O 2 4
4
2
2
4
2 4 6 8 0 10 (2, 3)
Wimbledon wins
3. no correlation 4. positive correlation Reteaching 8-8
All rights reserved.
1. solid 2. dashed 3. dashed 4. solid
Reteaching 8-6 5. dashed 6. solid 7. no 8. yes 9. no
10. no 11. yes 12. no 13. no 14. no
1-2. Water Pressure
800
Enrichment 8-1
600 1. .90 SD 2. 1.50 SD 3. 2.10 SD 4. 1.90 SD
Depth (ft)
5. 1.50 SD 6. 2.10 SD 7. Yes; a pencil held
400 vertically would not pass through any two points.
8. Speedy Taxi Rates
200
y
4.40
0 100 200 300 400 500
Pressure (lb/in.2 ) 3.90
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
3. y 5 20
9x 4. 400 ft 5. 360 lb/in.2
3.40
Charge
Reteaching 8-7 2.90
1. y
4 2.40
1.90
2
x 1.40 x
4 2 O 2 4 1
1 1 12 2 2 12 3
2 2
Distance (mi)
4 9.a. $3.15 b. $1.90 c. $3.65 d. $2.40
(1, 2)
Enrichment 8-2
1. E(2, 2) 2. E(3, 3) 3. E(0, 1) 4. R(3, 5)
5. D(4, 3) 6. S(12, 7) 7. R(4, 3)
8. A(5, 2) 9. D(8, 9) 10. R(3, 2)
11. O(2, 1) 12. P(8, 6)
ORDERED PEARS
Pre-Algebra Chapter 8 Answers 41
Chapter 8 Answers (continued)
Enrichment 8-3 Enrichment 8-4
1. y 1. 3, 0, 4, 2, 4, 1, 2, 3 2.
4 y
2 4
x
2
4 2 O 2 4
x
2
4 2 O 2 4
4 2
2. y 4
4
All rights reserved.
2
3. y 5 fx 1 1g 4. y 5 f2xg
x
4 2 O 2 4
Enrichment 8-5
2
1. Ar: (21, 3) , Br: (27, 1) , Cr: (25, 8) , Dr: (23, 7) ,
4 Er: (24, 4) 2. (m, n)
3, 5. y
3. parallel lines 4. slope, y-intercepts, parallel C'
8
C(5, 8)
D' D(3, 7)
5. y
4 6
E' E(4, 4)
4
2
A'
x A(1, 3)
B(7, 1)
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
4 2 O 2 4 B' x
8 6 4 2 O 2 4 6 8
2
2
4 4
6. 6
y
4 8
2
4. (m, n) 6. (m, n)
x
4 2 O 2 4
2
4
7. perpendicular 8. 1, 1 9. 1, perpendic-
ular
42 Answers Pre-Algebra Chapter 8
Chapter 8 Answers (continued)
Enrichment 8-6 10. H: 2x . 0 11. R: x . 3y 2 2
12. R: 3x , 4y 13. I: 2x 1 3y , 0
1–2. U.S. Households 14. S: 23x 1 5y , 16 15. E: 8 2 8x , 9y
80
16. R: 7x 2 4y . 22 17. P: x # 5
Percentage having
70 18. N: y # x 1 7
SIR CHRISTOPHER WREN
cable TV
60
✔ Checkpoint Quiz 1
50
1. y
4
40
2
All rights reserved.
0 10 20 30 40 50 x
Percentage owning 4 2 O 2 4
a computer
2
3. 70% 4. 12 5. 48 6. y 5 12x 1 48 7. 73%
8. 64% 4
2. No. There are two range values for the domain
Enrichment 8-7 value 3. 3. 3 4. 8, 1 5. c(p) 5 0.75p
1. y 5 0.08x 1 0.04(10,000 2 x) , 6. C
y 5 0.07x 1 0.05(10,000 2 x)
2. Investment Plans ✔ Checkpoint Quiz 2
800 1. Technology in Junior
Total Annual Return
High Schools
700 70
Percent with CD-Roms
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
(dollars)
600 60
500 50
400
40
0 30
00
00
00
00
0
,00
2,0
4,0
6,0
8,0
10
Amount Invested in 0 30 40 50 60 70
Bond (dollars) Percent with modems
3. $5,000 4. Plan A. The return is higher when 2. positive correlation 3. Sample answer is
more money is invested in the bond. shown: about 68%
5. y 5 0.08x 1 0.05(10,000 2 x) ;
y 5 0.07x 1 0.04(10,000 2 x) ; no solution; The
return is never the same for these two plans.
Chapter 8 Test Form A
1. D 2. H 3. C 4. G 5. A
Enrichment 8-8
1. R: y , 2x 1 5 2. E: y $ 3x 2 2
3. C: y # 12x 1 5 4. W: y . 8 2 12x
5. S: 5 1 4x . y 6. I: x # y 7. O: x . 23
8. T: y 2 4 $ x 9. H: x 1 y . x
Pre-Algebra Chapter 8 Answers 43
Chapter 8 Answers (continued)
6. y 14. 10
4
8
Dollars Spent
2
x 6
4 2 O 2 4
4
2
2
4
7. 0 2 4 6 8 10
y
4 Videotapes Rented
15. positive correlation 16. Sample answer is
All rights reserved.
2
shown: $7 17. Sample answer is shown:
x y 5 1.75x 18. Sample answer is shown: If the
4 2 O 2 4 inequality sign is or , draw a dashed line indi-
2 cating the line is not part of the solution. If it is
or , draw a solid line, indicating the line is part
4
of the solution.
8. f(x) 5 4x 2 5 9. y 5 13x 2 1
10. m(y) 5 12y 11. Yes. For each markup, Chapter 8 Test Form B
there is only one selling price for a specific item. 1. C 2. J 3. B 4. F 5. D
12. (3, 2) y 6. y
4 4
2 2
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
x x
4 2 O 2 4 4 2 O 2 4
2 2
4 4
13. y 7. y
4 4
2 2
x x
4 2 O 2 4 4 2 O 2 4
2 2
4 4
8. f(x) 5 6x 2 5 9. y 5 12x 2 1
10. m(h) 5 60h
44 Answers Pre-Algebra Chapter 8
Chapter 8 Answers (continued)
11. (3, 1) y sion by zero is undefined. 3. 23; Sample answer:
4 (13, 14), (16, 16) 4. negative correlation; The
higher the discount the less the sale price.
2
5. The lines are both horizontal so they will never
x intersect. There is no solution. 6. Use a dashed
4 2 O 2 4
line to graph y 5 2x 1 2. Test a point like (0, 0).
2 Since 0 . 2 is not true, shade the other side of the
line.
4
12. y
Chapter 8 Cumulative Review
4 1. B 2. J 3. C 4. F 5. B 6. H 7. D
8. H 9. C 10. G 11. A 12. t(p) 5 0.06p
All rights reserved.
2 13. 4, 0, 2
x 14. y
4
4 2 O 2 4
2 2
4 x
4 2 O 2 4
13. 5 2
4 4
Dollars Spent
3 15. 160
2 150
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
Height
1 140
130
0 2 4 6 8 10
Notebooks Bought 120
14. positive correlation 15. Sample answer is
0
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
shown: about $3.40 16. Sample answer is shown:
y 5 0.60x 1 0.4 17. Sample answer is shown: Age
Use a test point. If the coordinates of the point 16. 7 years 17. about 156 cm 18. Yes. For
make the inequality true, shade the side contain- each age there is only one height.
ing the point. Otherwise, shade the other side.
18. Yes. For each discount there is only one sale
price for a specific item.
Chapter 8 Alternative Assessment
1. Sample answer is shown: The height of a base-
ball is a function of the time since it was hit, but
the time is not a function of the height. 2. A
vertical line has no slope because the horizontal
change of a vertical line is equal to zero and divi-
Pre-Algebra Chapter 8 Answers 45
Chapter 9 Answers
Practice 9-1 6. Voter Preference for Senator
1. BC, BF, AE, AD 2. DC, EF, GH 3. DH, Miller
FG, EH, CG 4. A, B, C, P, N 5. AP, PC, AC, 5%
) ) ) ) ) Thomson
NP, PB, NB 6. PA , PC , PB , PN , NB 10%
* )* ) * )* )* )* )* )* )
7. AC , NB 8. NB , BN , PN , NP , BP , PB
9. 3n 1 5 5 5n 2 3, 4, 12, 17 Peterson
40%
10. 6x 1 7 1 4 1 2x 1 5 5 3x 1 11, 1, 3, 8
Gomez Washington
15% 30%
Practice 9-2
1. 34 2. 56 3. 56 4. 146 7. 750 8. 81.012 m 9. 57.148 cm
5. (3x 2 14) 1 (2x 1 9) 5 90 6. x 5 19 10. 1.7584 km 11. 43.96 ft 12. 15.7 in.
All rights reserved.
7. 43 8. 47 9. 5x 2 18 5 4x 1 7 13. 5.495 in.
10. x 5 25 11. 107 12. 73 13. 62, 118
14. 148, 32 15. 51 and 39
Practice 9-7
1. 2. 3.
Practice 9-3 M P
K
1. rectangle, square 2. parallelogram, rectangle, 4.
P
rhombus, square 3. trapezoid, parallelogram,
rectangle, rhombus, square 4. obtuse scalene D
5. right scalene 6. acute equilateral 7. obtuse 5.
Q R S
isosceles 8. 12x, 111 cm 9. 4x, 7 yd
10. 2x 1 2y, 32 m 6.
T U
Practice 9-4 E F
J
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1. 2 2. square, rectangle, isosceles trapezoid
7.
3. 3, 0, 0; 4, 1, 2; 5, 2, 5; 6, 3, 9; 8, 5, 20; n, n 2 3,
n(n 2 3) n(n 2 3)
2 ; 2 4. Aquia 5. She is 3 miles
X
west of the post office.
W Y
Practice 9-5 8. It seems to be a right angle.
1. RS 2. MH 3. /H 4. /A 5. MG
6. /G 7. 70 8. 65 9. /B > /D,
Practice 9-8
BC > DC, /ACB > /ECD, nABC > nECD,
ASA 10. JK > JM, LK > LM, JL > JL, 1. (x 1 4, y 2 3) 2. (x 2 2, y 2 2)
3. (x 1 3, y 1 1) 4. (x, y 1 2)
nJKL > nJML, SSS 11. EW 12. /T
5. G y 6. L y
13. /WEB 14. TH 15. PH 16. /EBL H
4 4
17. ASA; x 5 24, y 5 30, z 5 97 2
G K L
2
H
J x 4 2 x
4 2 O 2 4
Practice 9-6 2
M K 2 4
2
1. 144 2. 108 3. 54 4. 36 5. 18 J
4 4 M
7. (x 2 7, y 1 3) 8. (x 2 2, y 2 8)
Pre-Algebra Chapter 9 Answers 43
Chapter 9 Answers (continued)
Practice 9-9 Reteaching 9-3
1. 4
y 2. 4
y 1. obtuse isosceles 2. acute scalene 3. right
A A K scalene 4. acute equilateral 5. rhombus, paral-
2 L
B
2
B J lelogram, quadrilateral 6. square, rhombus, rec-
x x tangle, parallelogram, quadrilateral
4 2 O 2 4 4 2 O 2 4
2 2
C C J
4 4 L Reteaching 9-4
D D K
1. Parth 2. 10
A(1, 3), B(4, 1), J(2, 3),
C(3, 2), D(2, 4) K(1, 5), L(4, 4)
3. 4.
All rights reserved.
Reteaching 9-5
1. /JLK > /JLM, /LJK > /LJM, JL > JL,
nJLK > nJLM, ASA 2. PQ > RQ,
SQ > TQ, /PQS > /RQT, nPQS > nRQT,
SAS 3. /ZWY > /XWY, /ZYW > /XYW,
5. 6. no 7. yes
8. yes WY > WY, nZWY > nXWY, ASA
Reteaching 9-6
1. 97 2. 86 3. 47 4. 65 5. 65
Reteaching 9-7
1. 2.
Practice 9-10 B
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1. no 2. yes; 180 3. yes; 90 E
4. C y A 5. T y
4 4
S C D F G
C U
2 2
S 3.
A B B x x H
4 2 O 2 4 4 O 2 4
C B2 T 2 U
S
4 4
A U T
S(3, 2), T(4, 2),
J K
A(4, 1), B(1, 1),
C(2, 4), A(1, 4), U(2, 4),
B(1, 1), C(4, 2) S(2, 3), T(2, 4) Reteaching 9-8
U(4, 2),
6. (y, x) 7. (x, y) 1. (x 1 3, y 2 1) 2. (x 2 4, y 1 6)
3. (x 2 2, y) 4. (x, y 1 4) 5. (x 1 1, y 1 3)
6. (x 2 9, y 2 2)
Reteaching 9-1
) ) ) ) ) )
1. G, H, J, K, L 2. GJ , GK , GL , GH , LG , KG ,
) ) * )* )* )* )* )* )
JG , HG 3. JL , LJ , JG , GJ , LG , GL
4. HG, HK, GK
Reteaching 9-2
1. (6x 1 60) 1 9x 5 180 2. 8 3. 72 4. 108
44 Answers Pre-Algebra Chapter 9
Chapter 9 Answers (continued)
Reteaching 9-9 2.
A
1. y J J 2. R 4 y B
4
N Q C
K
2 K 2 D
M M P
x P x E
4 2 O L 2 L4 4 2 O 2 4 F
2 N Q G
R2
H
4 4
H G F E D C B A A B C D E F G H
J(1, 4), K(1, 2), N(3, 3), P(1, 2),
3.
L(0, 0), M(2, 1) Q(4, 3), R(1, 4) O A
3. y 4. W W y N B
4 4 M C
U
S X X L D
All rights reserved.
2 2 K E
x Z Z x J F
4 2 O T 2 4 6 4 2 O I G
2 T 2 H H
G I
4 Y Y4
F J
S U
E K
S(3, 2), T(1, 0), W(4, 4), X(5, 2), D L
U(2, 3) Y(5, 3), Z(4, 1) C M
B N
A O
Reteaching 9-10 O N M L K J I H G F E D C B A
1. (y, x), (x, y)
2. y 3. W y 4. Check students’ drawings.
4 4
K J K
2 2
L
x W
Y
Z
Y
x
Enrichment 9-2
J L
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
4 2 O L 2 4 4 2 Z Z2 4 1. 90 2. 6 3. 30 4. 12 5. 3 min 6. 13 min
2 Y2
7. 2212 min 8. 48 min 9. 126 min 10. 311 min
K J4 4 11. 120 12. 150 13. 132 14. 57
W
15. 145 16. 62
J(3, 1), K(3, 3), W(4, 0), Y(2, 1),
L(0, 1), J(1, 3), Z(1, 1), W(0, 4),
K(3, 3), L(1, 0) Y(1, 2), Z(1, 1) Enrichment 9-3
1. even 2. even 3. odd 4. even 5. 4, 0, yes
Enrichment 9-1 6. 2, 0, yes 7. 0, 4, no 8. 2, 2, yes 9. 2, 2, yes
10. 1, 4, no 11. A network is traceable if and
1. A B C D E F G H I J K only if it has no odd vertices or exactly 2 odd
K L vertices.
J M
I N
H O
Enrichment 9-4
G P 1. 60; The sum of the measures of the angles of a
F Q triangle is 180. An equilateral triangle has
E R 3 angles that are all the same size, so each is
D S
180 4 3 5 608. 2. 60 3. 90 4. 3,
C T
3(180) 5 5408, 108 5. 4, 4(180) 5 7208, 120
B U
A V 6. 6, 6(180) 5 1,0808, 135 7. 8, 8(180) 5 1,4408,
144 8. 10, 10(180) 5 1,8008, 150 9. n 2 2,
180(n 2 2) 180(n 2 2)
V U T S R Q P O N M L (n 2 2)(180) , n 10. n
Pre-Algebra Chapter 9 Answers 45
Chapter 9 Answers (continued)
Enrichment 9-5 8.
1. Sample answer is shown.
Salt Lake City
San
2. There are 6 3 4 5 24 squares. 24 4 2 5 12
Francisco
squares in each figure.
3. Sample answer is shown.
E Houston
4. 24 4 3 5 8 squares in each figure.
5. Sample answer is shown.
0 500 1,000 1,500
All rights reserved.
6. 6 squares 7. Sample answer is shown.
Enrichment 9-8
1. A B C D E F G H I J
8. Sample answer is shown. 1
2
9. 4 squares 10. Sample answer is shown.
3
4
11. Yes. Sample answer is shown. 5
6
7
8
Enrichment 9-6
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1. 2.261 3 108 mi 2. 2.113 3 103 h 3. 88 days 9
4. 4 yr 5. Student’s age 3 4 10
6. 2.305 3 1010 mi 7. 90,596 days 8. 248 yr
2. A B C D E F GH I J K LMNO P QR S T
9. Student’s age 4 248
1
2
3
Enrichment 9-7 4
5
1. 24 s 2. 43 s 3. 19 s 6
4. D 5 5.43t 5 5.43(19) < 103.2 5. 1,300 mi 7
6. 450 mi 7. 1,100 mi 8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
3. second one 4–5. Check students’ work.
46 Answers Pre-Algebra Chapter 9
Chapter 9 Answers (continued)
Enrichment 9-9 17. 50 18. 216 19. 108 20. 36 21. 6 cm,
ORDER, BEAUTY, PERFECTION 8 cm, and 10 cm 22. Sample answer is shown.
Enrichment 9-10
1. 2 2. 1.86 3. 2.35 4. A, G, 3.71 5. B, C,
1.43 6. 267 revolutions 7. 91 in. 8. about Chapter 9 Test Form B
6,963 in. 9. about 417,780 in. 10. 6.6 mi/h 1. B 2. J 3. A 4. G 5. C 6. H 7. A
11. 13.8 mi/h 8. G 9. D(1, 4), K(3, 1) 10. D(3, 2),
K(1, 1) 11. D(2, 3), K(1, 1)
12.
Chapter 9 Project
Activity 1. Sapelo Island, Wolf Island, St. Simons
All rights reserved.
Island, or Cumberland Island Activity 2. Sapelo
A
Island or St. Simons Island; a circle with radius
22 miles passed through these two. Activity 3. 13. 9x 2 24 5 5x 1 40; x 5 16 14. 120
Sapelo Island; the line and circle intersect on 15. 60 16. 144 17. 180 18. 36
Sapelo Island.
✔ Checkpoint Quiz 1 Chapter 9 Alternative Assessment
1. segment 2. triangle 3. (8x 2 2) 1 (4x 1 14) 5 1. ray
180; x 5 14 4. 110 5. 70 6. Sample answer 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
is shown. 7. D
2. Sample answer is shown. Angles formed by
intersecting lines that are opposite each other.
3. B L
1 2
✔ Checkpoint Quiz 2
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1. A: baseball, B: football, C: basketball 2. 45, A C J K
90, 225 3. (3, 1), (1, 2) 4. Sample answer is shown. AB > JL, AC > JK,
4
y BC > LK; nABC > nJLK; SSS 5. R(2, 3),
P
S(5, 1) 6. R(4, 2), S(1, 4) 7. R(2, 4),
2
Q S(4, 1)
x
4 2 O 2 4
P
2
Q Chapter 9 Cumulative Review
4
1. A 2. G 3. D 4. H 5. B 6. G 7. A
8. H 9. B 10. J 11. B 12. 6 13. /Q,
) ) ) ) ) )
Chapter 9 Test Form A RP 14. DE , ED , EF , FE , DF , FD
15. y S 16. y S
1. C 2. F 3. D 4. H 5. A 6. G 7. D 4 4
8. G 9. C 10. J 11. D(2, 1), K(5, 0) 2 2
S T T
12. D(2, 3), K(1, 2) 13. D(3, 2), U x U x
K(2, 1) 14. 4 2 O 2 4 4 2 O T 2 U4
2 2
T
U4 4
S
15. 9x 2 32 5 7x 1 4; x 5 18 16. 130
Pre-Algebra Chapter 9 Answers 47
Chapter 10 Answers
Practice 10-1 9. The base is a rectangle. rectangular pyramid
1. 504 ft2 2. 117 m2 3. 25,000 cm2
4. 3,350 ft2 5. 1,275 m2 Practice 10-5
6. 6 units2 y R S 1. 500 in.2 2. 9,470.2 cm2 3. 480 mm2
4
4. 3,330 ft2 5. 356 m2 6. 1,092 in.2 7.a. $38
2 b. $1,260 c. $1,890 d. $3,188
P Q x
4 2 O 2 4 Practice 10-6
2 1. 283 cm2 2. 39 in.2 3. 1,280 m2 4. 1,017 ft2
5. 204 in.2 6. 1,520 cm2 7. 141 cm2
4 8. 553 ft2 9. 2,520 m2 10. 11,540 cm2
11.a. pyramid b. 34.4 in.2
All rights reserved.
7. 20 units2 y
4
Practice 10-7
J K 1. 628 m3 2. 1,408 cm3 3. 147,706 in.3
2
4. 726 in.3 5. 480 ft3 6. 25,434 cm3
x 7. 336 in.3 8. 11,078 in.3 9. 879 cm3
4 2 O 2 4 10. 74 ft3 11. 2,197 m3 12. 177 ft3
2 13. 8,139 m3 14. 192 ft3
M4 L
Practice 10-8
8. 324 in.2 1.a. Answers may vary. b. A single loop results.
2.a. Answers may vary. b. parallelograms
3.a. Answers may vary. b. Lincoln is upright.
Practice 10-2 4. 222 cm2
1. 522 cm2 2. 975 in.2 3. 77 m2 4. 52.5 in.2
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
5. 255 cm2 6. 12.25 ft2 7. 504 m2 8. 54 ft2
9. 231 in.2 10. 108 in.2 11. 459 cm2 12. 165 Practice 10-9
ft2 13. 300 ft2 14. 144 m2 15. 12 cm 1. 3,052 ft3 2. 1,728 in.3 3. 1,272 in.3
4. 33 m3 5. 33 mm3 6. 5,572 cm3 7. 324 in.3
8. 1,005 cm3 9. 904 in.3 10.a. 7,234.56 in.3,
Practice 10-3 4,186.67 in.3, 2,143.57 in.3, 13,564.8 in.3
1. 49p m2, 153.9 m2 2. 81p cm2, 254.3 cm2 b. 6,048 in.2 c. about 214 in.
3. 441p m2, 1,384.7 m2 4. 1,225p km2,
3,846.5 km2 5. 121p cm2, 379.9 cm2
6. 625p ft2, 1,962.5 ft2 7. 12.25p mi2, 38.5 mi2 Reteaching 10-1
8. 6.25p in.2, 19.6 in.2 9. 24.01p mm2, 1. 4 units2 y
75.4 mm2 10. 121.1 m2 11. 22.0 in.2 4
12. 21.5 ft2 13. 99.9 cm2 14. 78.5 m2
E F
2
Practice 10-4 H G x
1. square prism 2. hexagonal pyramid 4 2 O 2 4
3. pentagonal prism 4. The bases are rectangles. 2
rectangular prism 5. The base is a pentagon.
pentagonal pyramid 6. The base is a circle. cone 4
7. The bases are hexagons. hexagonal prism
8. The bases are triangles. triangular prism
40 Answers Pre-Algebra Chapter 10
Chapter 10 Answers (continued)
2. 12 units2 y Reteaching 10-5
4 1. 192 in.2 2. 290 ft2 3. 750 cm2
2
M N
x Reteaching 10-6
4 2 O 2 4 1. 484 ft2 2. 95 m2 3. 144 cm2 4. 754 in.2
5. 297 cm2 6. 1,394 m2
2
Q P
4 Reteaching 10-7
3. 14 units2 1. 67,924 cm3 2. 1,963 in.3 3. 300 ft3
y 4. 432 mm3 5. 29,438 ft3 6. 1,350 cm3
4
R S
All rights reserved.
2 Reteaching 10-8
x 1. 13 cm, 10 cm, 1 cm, 130 cm3 2. 11 cm, 8 cm,
4 2 O 2 4 2 cm, 176 cm3 3. 9 cm, 6 cm, 3 cm, 162 cm3
2 4. 7 cm, 4 cm, 4 cm, 112 cm3 5. 5 cm, 2 cm, 5 cm,
50 cm3 6. 2 cm by 8 cm by 11 cm
4
U T
4. 16 units2
Reteaching 10-9
y
4 1. 75.36 m3 2. 192 yd3 3. 14,130 mm3
4. 217 ft3 5. 1.77 in.3 6. 10,836 cm3
2 7. 28,716.35 cm3 8. 23,349.04 in.3 9. 605 m3
x
4 V 2 O 2 4 W Enrichment 10-1
2 1. 13 2. 21 3. Add the area of the squares
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together.
Y 4 X 4.
44 44
Reteaching 10-2
60 60
1. 60 m2 2. 72 in.2 3. 67.5 ft2 4. 258 cm2
5. 27.5 ft2 6. 3,792 mm2 7. 11.25 in.2
8. 2,200 m2 9. 95.4 km2
16 16
28 28
Reteaching 10-3
1. 9p m2, 28.3 m2 2. 4,900p m2, 15,386 m2 19 19 1212
3. 20.25p ft2, 63.6 ft2 4. 225p cm2, 706.5 cm2 77
5. 64p in.2, 201.0 in.2 6. 12.25p m2, 38.5 m2 45 45
7. 11.56p ft2, 36.3 ft2 8. 210.25p cm2, 660.2 cm2 33 33
26 26
9. 20,164p mi2, 63,315.0 mi2
Reteaching 10-4 104 units 3 105 units; 10,920 units2
1. octagon, triangles; octagonal pyramid
2. octagons, rectangles; octagonal prism
3. hexagons, rectangles; hexagonal prism
4. triangles; triangular pyramid
Pre-Algebra Chapter 10 Answers 41
Chapter 10 Answers (continued)
Enrichment 10-2 Enrichment 10-4
1. 1. 5, 5, 8, 2 2. 6, 8, 12, 2 3. 7, 10, 15, 2 4. 4, 4,
6, 2 5. 9, 9, 16, 2 6. In each case,
F 1 V 2 E 5 2. 7. 8 8. 24
Enrichment 10-5
1.a. 48 ft2 b. $2.50 2.a. 40 ft2 b. $2.08
2. 3.a. 34 ft2, $1.77 b. 28 ft2, $1.46 c. 24 ft2, $1.25
d. $.52 4.a. 90 ft2, $4.23 b. 72 ft2, $3.38
c. 54 ft2, $2.54 5. $5.28 (one 4 3 4 3 4
package)
All rights reserved.
Enrichment 10-6
3.a. b.
A. 216 O. 184 E. 217 R. 108 R. 80p
T. 42p C. 64p M. 50p
MERCATOR
Enrichment 10-7
c. d. 1. Subtract the volume of the hollow cylinder
from the volume of the entire cylinder.
2. 301.88 in.3 3. 103.5h in.3 4. 12,420h in.3
5. 12,420h 5 301.88 6. 0.024 in.
Enrichment 10-8
e. 1. 4, 4, 6, 2 2. 8, 6, 12, 2 3. 12, 15, 25, 2 4. yes
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
Enrichment 10-9
1. 8.7 g/cm3 2. 19.3 g/cm3 3. 7.9 g/cm3
4. 189 g 5. 11,623.9 g 6. 1,504.8 g
7. magnesium 8. osmium 9. gold
Enrichment 10-3
✔ Checkpoint Quiz 1
1. 12.56, 12.56, 25.12, 50.24, 2, 2, 4 2. 18.84,
28.26, 37.68, 113.04, 2, 2, 4 3. 25.12, 50.24, 50.24, 1. 38 ft2 2. 18 m2 3. 304 cm2 4. 72.25p in.2,
200.96, 2, 2, 4 4. 12.56, 12.56, 37.68, 113.04, 3, 3, 9 227 in.2 5. 384 1 32p mm2, 484 mm2
5. 18.84, 28.26, 56.52, 254.34, 3, 3, 9 6. 25.12,
50.24, 75.36, 452.16, 3, 3, 9 7. 12.56, 12.56, 62.8,
✔ Checkpoint Quiz 2
314, 5, 5, 25 8. 18.84, 28.26, 94.2, 706.5, 5, 5, 25
9. 25.12; 50.24; 125.6; 1,256; 5; 5; 25 10. The 1. cylinder 2. 4,396 ft2 3. 22,155.8 ft3
ratios will be the same. 11. The ratio of the 4. square pyramid 5. 5,805 m2
areas of two circles equals the square of the ratio
of their radii. 12.a. 12:1 b. 144:1 13. 7 Chapter 10 Test Form A
1. C 2. J 3. C 4. F 5. B 6. 1,080 ft2
7. 56 m2 8. triangular prism 9. square prism
42 Answers Pre-Algebra Chapter 10
Chapter 10 Answers (continued)
10. Sample answer is shown. Chapter 10 Cumulative Review
11. 14,952 mm2
1. B 2. G 3. C 4. F 5. D 6. F 7. C
12. 119,952 mm3
8. H 9. A 10. J 11. D 12. 91 in.2
13. 144 ft2 14. 96 ft3
13. 706.5 ft2 14. 66.5 cm2 15. 345.4 cm2
15. 62.8 cm2
16. 471 cm3 17. 504 m2 18. 659.9 m3
16. 37.7 cm3
19. 4,534.2 in.2 20. 28,716.3 in.3 21. Since the
17. 3,629.8 in.2
prism and pyramid have congruent bases and the
18. 20,569.1 in.3 19. 1,904 in.3 20. Sample
same heights, the volume of the pyramid is 13 the
answer: The pyramid has a square base that is 3
volume of the prism.
cm on a side and a height of 10 cm.
Chapter 10 Test Form B
1. B 2. H 3. D 4. F 5. 132 m2
All rights reserved.
6. 388 ft2 7. triangular prism 8. rectangular
prism
9. Sample answer is shown.
10. 7,750 mm2
11. 43,750 mm3
12. 107.3 cm2 13. 60 cm3
14. 1,865.2 m2
15. 6,104.2 m3
16. 4,534.2 in.2 17. 28,716.3 in.3
Chapter 10 Alternative Assessment
1. Find the areas of the rectangle and the circle.
Subtract the area of the circle from the area of the
rectangle. A 5 79.74 in.2 2. Lateral area is the
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
sum of the areas of the faces on the sides. Surface
area is the sum of the areas of the bases and the
lateral faces. 3. The areas are the same. Sample
example: b 5 10, height of rectangle 5 8, height
of triangle 5 16
4. S.A. 5 1,000 cm2
10 cm
5 cm
30 cm
10 cm
5 cm
30 cm
5. Surface area is labeled in square units; volume
is labeled in cubic units.
Pre-Algebra Chapter 10 Answers 43
Chapter 11 Answers
Practice 11-1 Practice 11-6
1. 4 2. 5 3. 7 4. 3 5. 8 6. 9 7. 10 1. 0.9397 2. 2.0503 3. 0.6561 4. 0.1405
8. 7 9. 6 10. 12 11. 5 12. 30 13. 13 7 24 7
4 2 11
5. 0.9994 6. 0.6018 7. 25 8. 25 9. 24
14. 10 15. 0.4 16. 17. 18. 7
9 5 12 24
10. 25 11. 25 12. 24
7 13. 53 14. 54 15. 43
19. Rational 20. Rational 21. Irrational
22. Irrational 23. Rational 24. Irrational 16. 54 17. 53 18. 43 1
19. !3 1
20. !2 21. !3
2
25. 4, 4 26. 7, 7 27. about 4 mi 22. 21 23. 1 24. 12 25. 1,368 ft
28. 18 mi 29. about 25 mi 30. 1,080 mi
Practice 11-7
Practice 11-2 1. 14.3 mi 2. 85.7 m 3. 57.9 ft 4. 93.4 ft
1. yes, 202 1 212 0 292, 400 1 441 0 841, 5. about 17 m 6. about 28 yd 7. about 77 ft
841 5 841 2. no, 72 1 112 0 122,
All rights reserved.
49 1 121 0 144, 170 2 144 3. yes,
Reteaching 11-1
102 1 (2!11) 2 0 122, 100 1 44 0 144,
144 5 144 4. yes, 282 1 452 0 532, 1. 4, 5 2. 7, 8 3. 3, 2 4. 9, 10 5. 6, 7
6. 5, 4 7. 11, 12 8. 11, 10 9. 7 10. 9
784 1 2,025 0 2,809, 2,809 5 2,809 5. no,
9 2 1 ( !10) 2 0 102, 81 1 10 0 100, 91 2 100
11. 11 12. 12 13. 8 14. 10 15. 2 16. 4
17. 3 18. 2 19. 6 20. 5 21. 10
6. no, 102 1 152 0 202, 100 1 225 0 400, 22. 6 23. 7
325 2 400 7. x 5 8 cm 8. x 5 10 ft
9. x 5 10 mm 10. x < 5.7 in. 11. x 5 11 m
12. x < 7.2 yd 13. 10.8 m 14. 29.4 in. Reteaching 11-2
15. 21.2 cm 16. 38.5 ft 17. 500 ft 1. x 5 61.0 mm 2. x 5 9.0 in. 3. x < 9.7 ft
4. x 5 12.0 m 5. x < 13.6 cm 6. x < 6.2 in.
7. 12.6 in. 8. 11.9 mm 9. 63.1 ft 10. 23.0 cm
Practice 11-3
1. 4.5, (3, 8) 2. 5.4, Q 6, 212 R 3. 13, Q 212, 6 R Reteaching 11-3
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
Q 2, 3 R 6. 9.8, Q 25, 312 R 1. 5 !2, !13, 5, 15.7 2. 4 !2, !53, 3 !5, 19.6
1
4. 11.7, (1, 2) 5. 5,
7. 16.5 8. 17.2 9. 22.4 10. 23.8
Reteaching 11-4
Practice 11-4 9
Sample proportions are shown. 1. 35 5 x 1 9 , 6 ft
x 6 5
Sample proportions are shown. 1. 17 5 28, 4.25 m 2. x 1 5 5 6, 2.2 m
x 32 x 49
2. 60 5 48, 40 in. 3. 12 5 21, 28 ft
4. x 19
9
5 20 15 x
15 , 3 cm 5. 24 5 x 1 12 ; 20 ft Reteaching 11-5
3 8 10.99 x
6. 4.77 5 x; $12.72 7. 113.04 5 176.625 ; about 1. 15.0 cm 2. 21.2 cm 3. 30.0 cm 4. 26.0 cm
$17.17 5. 36.0 mm 6. 50.9 mm 7. 18.0 mm 8. 31.2
mm 9. 14 ft 10. 12.1 ft 11. 7 ft 12. 9.9 ft
13. 11 ft 14. 22 ft 15. 11 ft 16. 15.6 ft
Practice 11-5
1. 14 !3, 28 2. 18, 18!3 3. 9, 18 4. 5 !3, 10
5. 11, 11!2 6. 8.7, 8.7!2 7. 7, 7 8. 17, Reteaching 11-6
17 !2 9. 45-45-90; Two sides are equal, and 40
1. 41 9
2. 41 3. 40 9
4. 41 5. 40 9 5
41 6. 40 7. 13
(3!2) !2 5 6, so the hypotenuse 5 leg ? !2.
9
12 5 12 5
8. 13 9. 12 10. 13 11. 13 12. 12
5 13. 24
25
10. Neither; The length of the longest side is 7 24 7 24 7
neither 2 times nor "2 times the length of the
14. 25 15. 7 16. 25 17. 25 18. 24
shortest side. 11. 6 12. 6 13. 3 !2
14. 3 !6 15. 28 1 14!2 cm
34 Answers Pre-Algebra Chapter 11
Chapter 11 Answers (continued)
Reteaching 11-7 Enrichment 11-6
1. 15 m 2. 32 m 3. about 70 ft 1. 0.3420, 0.3420; 0.5299, 0.5299; 0.9455, 0.9455;
0.9925, 0.9925 2. They are complementary
angles. The sum of their measures is 90. 3. 40,
Enrichment 11-1 15, 63 4. 0.0872, 0.9962, 0.0076, 0.9924, 1
1. 1; 8; 27; 64; 125; 216; 343; 512; 729; 1,000 5. 0.4540, 0.8910, 0.2061, 0.7939, 1 6. 0.6561,
2. each of the digits 0-9 occurs once 3.a. 4,913 0.7547, 0.4304, 0.5696, 1 7. They all equal one.
b. 19,683 c. 185,193 d. 6,859 e. 117,649 8. 1, 1 9. 0.2250, 0.9744, 0.2309, 0.2309
f. 493,039 4. Find the cube in the table with the 10. 0.5592, 0.8290, 0.6745, 0.6745 11. 0.7771,
same ones’ digit as the given cube. The two roots 0.6293, 1.2349, 1.2349 12. They are equal.
will have the same ones’ digit. 5. 8 6. 2 7. 3 sin A
13. tan A 5 cos A
8. 1; 32; 243; 1,024; 3,125; 7,776; 16,807; 32,768;
59,049; 100,000 9. The fifth power and its root
Enrichment 11-7
All rights reserved.
have the same ones’ digit. 10. 9 11. 7 12. 2
1. (4, 195) 2. (2, 150) 3. (4, 330)
Enrichment 11-2 4. (1, 270) 5. Q 212, 08 R 6. Q 312, 1208 R
1. 20 2. 17 3. 18 4. 27 5. 25 6. 24 7–12. 90°
7. 28 8. 30 9. 22 THEODORUS 120° 60°
H
135° 45°
F
150° G 30°
Enrichment 11-3
1. !26 2. !26 3. !40 4. !17 5. !40 L K E
6. !17 7. Since GH 5 JK, GH > JK. Since 180° B 0°
2 3 4
HJ 5 GK, HJ > GK. Since opposite sides are A M
D
congruent, GHJK is a parallelogram. 8. !18 210°
I
C 330°
9. !32 10. !18 11. !32 12. Since J
AB 5 XY, AB > XY. Since AC 5 XZ, 225° 315°
240° 300°
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
AC > XZ. /A > /X is given. Therefore, 270°
nABC > nXYZ by SAS.
13. (4.24, 4.24) 14. (4.69, 8.83) 15. (0.58, 1.91)
16. (7.40, 3.29) 17. (0.66, 4.15)
18. (15.84, 2.23)
Enrichment 11-4
3 4 5
1. Yes, the sides are proportional. 21 5 28 5 35
2. 1:7 3. 24, 30, 1:6 4. 27, 45, 1:9 5. 150, 200,
✔ Checkpoint Quiz 1
1:50 6. 3, 4, 5, not similar 7. 5, 12, 13, not 1. 6 2. 9 3. 8 4. 35.0 in. 5. 18.4 cm
similar 8. 11, 60, 61, not similar 9. 9, 40, 41, not 6. 17.0 m 7. 10.0 units 8. (3, 1) 9. 10.4 units
similar
10. Q 3, 2212 R
Enrichment 11-5 ✔ Checkpoint Quiz 2
1. 60 2. 60 3. 5 units 4. 5 units 1. 30-60-90 2. 45-45-90 3. 30-60-90
5. 10 units 6. 5 !3 units 7. 10!2 units 4. 0.9397 5. 1.2349 6. 0.5000 7. C
8. 5 !2 units 9. !50 or 5 !2 units
10. 45-45-90 11. 45 12. 45
13. 100 units2 14. 25!3 units2 Chapter 11 Test Form A
500 !2
15. 100 1 100!3 units2 16. 3 units3 1. D 2. H 3. A 4. J 5. B 6. H 7. A
8. G 9. 12 10. 7 11. 23.4 ft 12. 8.9 cm
17. 12!3 units 18. 24 units 19. 144p units2
13. 24.0 in. 14. 4.0 m 15. 8.5 cm 16. 7.8 units
20. 288p units2 21. 432p units2 17. Q 24, 312 R 18. 65 feet 19. 10.7 miles
22. 576p!3 units3
Pre-Algebra Chapter 11 Answers 35
Chapter 11 Answers (continued)
20. Sample answer is shown. A right triangle with
a 45 angle is isosceles, so the legs have the same
opposite
measure. Therefore adjacent 5 1.
Chapter 11 Test Form B
1. B 2. J 3. C 4. G 5. D 6. F
7. 25 8. 8 9. 24.2 ft 10. 11.2 cm
11. 26.9 in. 12. 3 m 13. 10.3 cm
14. 9.2 units 15. Q 25, 112 R 16. 70 ft
17. Sample answer is shown. In a 30-60-90
triangle, if the side opposite the 30 angle has
measure a, the hypotenuse has measure 2a. Thus
All rights reserved.
opposite a
sin 308 5 hypotenuse 5 2a 5 12.
Chapter 11 Alternative Assessment
1. A rational number can be expressed as the
ratio of two integers ba where b is not zero. An
irrational number cannot be expressed as such a
ratio. 2. 13 in.
5 in.
12 in.
3. 45-45-90: leg 5 leg, hypotenuse 5 !2 ? leg;
30-60-90: hypotenuse 5 2 ? shorter leg, longer
leg 5 !3 ? shorter leg 4.
26
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
10
x°
24
5. !49 5 7, 2!49 5 27; 2!49 is the opposite
of the positive square root of 49 and thus is
negative. 6. 122 1 b2 5 252; b < 21.9 ft
Chapter 11 Cumulative Review
1. B 2. F 3. B 4. J 5. A 6. F 7. C
8. F 9. B 10. H 11. C 12. J 13. C
14. Q 21, 12 R 15. 54 16. 82 mm 17. about 5 m
18. Sample answer is shown. !2; It cannot be
written as the ratio of two integers.
36 Answers Pre-Algebra Chapter 11
Chapter 12 Answers
Practice 12-1 9.
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
1. Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 Midwestern
States
Frequency 2 2 1 4 3 4
Southern
2. Number 1 2 3 4 States
Frequency 4 2 4 1
Practice 12-3
3. 5 ✗ ✗
✗ ✗ 5 1. birds 2. no 3. the break in the vertical axis
✗ ✗ ✗ ✗
Frequency
4 4. U.S. Endangered Species
✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗
3 80
Number of Species
1 2 3 4 5 6 2 70
1 60
50
All rights reserved.
1 2 3 4 5 6 40
Number
4. 5 30
✗ ✗
✗ ✗ ✗ 5 20
✗ ✗ ✗ ✗
Frequency
4 10
✗ ✗ ✗ ✗
3 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 2 Mammals Birds Fish
1 Group
5. The differences seem much less.
1 2 3 4 5 6
Number 6. U.S. Union Membership
5. 20
Union members (millions)
Pupils per
14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 18
Teacher
16
Frequency 6 7 10 13 4 4 4 0 14
12
22 23 24 10
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
8
0 0 2 6
6. 10 pupils per teacher 4
2
0
Practice 12-2
19 0
19 0
50
19 0
70
19 0
90
3
4
8
19
19
19
1. 55 miles, 15 miles 2. 35 miles 3. 75% Year
4. 6 runners 7.
5. U.S. Union Membership
20
Union members (millions)
10 15 20 25 30
18
16
6. 14
0 5 10 15 12
10
8
7. 6
60 65 70 75 80 85 90 4
2
0
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
8.
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Year
1st Set
8. The horizontal scales are different.
2nd Set
40 Answers Pre-Algebra Chapter 12
Chapter 12 Answers (continued)
Practice 12-4 Reteaching 12-1
1. m1A, m1B, m1C, m2A, m2B, m2C, m3A, m3B, 1. Inches 3 4 5 6 7
m3C, m4A, m4B, m4C 2. 13 3. 12 1
4. 6 choic- Frequency 5 3 1 1 2
es; AM, AN, BM, BN, CM, CN 5. 8 combina-
tions; P1C1, P1C2, P2C1, P2C2, P3C1, P3C2, P4C1, Charleston Rainfall
P4C2 6. 140 routes 7. 468 combinations ✗
✗
✗ ✗
✗ ✗ ✗
Practice 12-5 ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗
1. 51 1
2. 15 1
3. 10 4. 0 5. 14 6. 81 7. 41 3 4 5 6 7
1 6 1 1 5 1
8. 32 9. 11 10. 22 11. 11 12. 33 13. 11 2. Inches 0 1 2 3 4
14. Dependent; the second guest’s choice is limit-
All rights reserved.
Frequency 5 2 0 4 1
ed by the first guest’s choice. 15. Independent;
1 San Francisco Rainfall
the second flip is not affected by the first. 16. 81
1
✗
17. 72 ✗ ✗
✗ ✗
✗ ✗ ✗
✗ ✗ ✗ ✗
Practice 12-6
1. 42 2. 21 3. 336 4. 3,024 5. 3 6. 210 0 1 2 3 4
7.a. 24 b. 120 c. 24 d. 51 8. 10 9. 42,840 3. Inches 3 4
10. 30 11. 120 12. 360 13. 720 14. 720 Frequency 8 4
Wilmington Rainfall
Practice 12-7 ✗
✗
1. 40% 2. 26.7% 3. 20% 4. 13.3% ✗
✗
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
5. 53.3% 6. 73.3% 7. 40% 8. 0% 9. 10%
✗ ✗
10. 55% 11. 30% 12. 5% 13. 65% ✗ ✗
7
14. 95% 15. 35% 16. 31 17. 32 18. 33 ✗ ✗
✗ ✗
3 4
Practice 12-8
1. 320 students 2. 352 students 3. 200 stu-
dents 4. 192 students 5. The views of people Reteaching 12-2
coming out of a computer store may not represent
1. 98, 80.5, 118
the views of other voters. This is not a good sam-
ple because it is not random. 6. The city tele- 70 90 110 130 150 170
phone book may cover more than one school dis-
trict. It would also include people who do not
vote. This is not a good sample because it does not 2. 13, 4, 21
represent the population. 7. This is a good sam-
ple. It is selected at random from the population 0 10 20 30 40
you want to study.
Practice 12-9
1. 3 2.a. December 13 b. 17 3. Sample
answer is shown. 1-2 right, 4-5 right, 2-4 right
1 1 1
4. Sample answers are shown. a. 10 b. 15 c. 25
Pre-Algebra Chapter 12 Answers 41
Chapter 12 Answers (continued)
Reteaching 12-3 Reteaching 12-7
1. Gasoline Retail Prices 1. 23.3% 2. 16.7% 3. 20% 4. 50%
1.30 5. 33.3% 6. 70% 7. 63.3% 8. 0%
1.28 9. 100% 10. 73.3% 11. 56.7% 12. 43.3%
Price (dollars)
1.26
1.24
1.22 Reteaching 12-8
1.20 8
1. 160 shirts, 400 x
5 8,000 9
2. 144 shirts, 500 x
5 8,000
1.18 16 x
1.16 3. 480 games, 400 5 12,000 4. 450 games,
0 30 x 19 x
8005 12,000 5. 456 games, 500 5 12,000
19 1
92
19 3
94
19 5
96
9
9
19
19
19
65 x
6. 459 games, 1,700 5 12,000
Year
All rights reserved.
2. Gasoline Retail Prices
1.30 Reteaching 12-9
1.28 1. 1, 5, 4, 0 2. 50% 3. 40% 4. 90% 5. 40%
Price (dollars)
1.26 6. 60%
1.24
1.22
1.20 Enrichment 12-1
1.18 1. 5 countries 2. 1, 3, 5, 2 3. 27 births per
1.16 1,000 people 4. No. The exact lowest and highest
0 rates are not included in the table. 5. 1, 2, 1, 4, 1,
91
92
93
94
95
96
2
19
19
19
19
19
19
Year
3. The first graph implies that prices decreased Enrichment 12-2
rapidly from 1991 to 1993 and increased rapidly
1. 569
from 1994 to 1996. The second graph implies slow-
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
2 4 6 8 10 12 14
er changes.
2. 143,244
Reteaching 12-4 0 10 20 30 40 50 60
1. 18 possible outcomes 2. C1-S1-F1, C1-S1-F2,
C1-S1-F3, C1-S2-F1, C1-S2-F2, C1-S2-F3,
3. 12,935
C1-S3-F1, C1-S3-F2, C1-S3-F3, C2-S1-F1, 0 10 20 30 40 50 60
C2-S1-F2, C2-S1-F3, C2-S2-F1, C2-S2-F2,
C2-S2-F3, C2-S3-F1, C2-S3-F2, C2-S3-F3 3. 13
4. 1,224.50
4. 19 0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Reteaching 12-5
1 3 3 9 1 1 1
1. 25 2. 50 3. 100 4. 100 5. 45 6. 15 7. 30
1
Enrichment 12-3
8. 10
Check students’ graphs. 1. red 2. two times
3. Sample answer is shown. 62.5 to 412.5 by 50
Reteaching 12-6 4. 3 times 5. Sample answer is shown. about 5
times 6. the second graph 7. Sample answer is
1. 10 choices 2. 5 choices 3. 60 numbers
shown. 0 to 6,500 by 500’s 8. Sample answer is
4. 210 cones
shown. 0 to 1,000 by 200’s 9. the first graph
42 Answers Pre-Algebra Chapter 12
Chapter 12 Answers (continued)
Enrichment 12-4 Enrichment 12-8
1. 1 2. 1 3. 1 4. 1 5. 1 6. 1 7. 2 1. 5 times 2–4. Answers may vary. 5. yes
8. 3, 3 6. Answers may vary. 7. Answers may vary.
9. Camp Alpha Sample: Yes; tossing 40 coins at once results in 40
independent events, the same as if you tossed one
1
coin 40 times.
1 1
1 2 1
Enrichment 12-9
1. 34 tickets 2. 1, 34; 2, 26; 3, 28; 4, 21; 5, 23; 6,
1 3 3 1 19; 7, 33; 8, 29; 9, 46; 10, 26; 11, 19; 12, 45; 13, 51; 14,
33 3. 31 (in 14 trials) 4. The average of many
1 4 6 4 1 trials using different tables would result in approx-
All rights reserved.
imately the same answer. 5. by conducting more
1 5 10 10 5 1 trials
1 6 15 20 15 6 1
Rainbow Desert
Checkpoint Quiz 1
1. 91, 2; 92, 1; 93, 3; 94, 4; 95, 2
2.
Enrichment 12-5 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
1. 53 2. 17 3. 11 1
4. 119 1
5. 14 6. 14 7. 17
86.5, 82, 92, 22 3. 19
8. 119
1 9. 14
1 10. 14 11. 71
Enrichment 12-6 ✔ Checkpoint Quiz 2
1. 56 ways 2. 336 ways 3. 22% 4. 3 hits
1. 60 2. 360 3. 360 4. 840 5. 6,720
5. C
6. 6,720 7. 10P3 5 10 ? 9P2 5 10 ? 72 5 720
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
8. 56 9. 56 10. 495 11. 495 12. 9C6
13. 15C11 ✔ Chapter 12 Test Form A
14. 1 1. C 2. G 3. D 4. F 5. B 6. H 7. A
8. H 9. about 467 jars 10. 12, 3; 13, 0; 14, 3; 15,
1 1 5; 16, 3; 17, 1
11. Sample answer
1 2 1
✗
✗
1 3 3 1 ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗
✗ ✗ ✗ ✗
1 4 6 4 1 ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗
1 5 10 10 5 1 12 13 14 15 16 17
12. 5
1 6 15 20 15 6 1 13.
40 50 60 70
Enrichment 12-7
Check students’ tables. 1. 40 2. Answer 14. GB, GY, GR, GW, YB, YY, YR, YW, BB, BY,
should be close to 24. 3. Answer should be 1
BR, BW 15. 12
about 3.16. 4. Check students’ calculations.
Pre-Algebra Chapter 12 Answers 43
Chapter 12 Answers (continued)
Sample answers are shown. 11. 5
16. Money Spent on Toys 12.
48 30 40 50 60
46
44
Dollars (billions)
13. RB, RW, RR, BB, BW, BR, GB, GW, GR, YB,
42 1
YW, YR 14. 12
40
38
36 Chapter 12 Alternative Assessment
34
32 1. Sample answer is shown. Numbers of goals
30 made in 14 soccer games. ✗ ✗
✗ ✗ ✗
1993 1994 1995 1996 ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗
✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗
All rights reserved.
Year
17. Money Spent on Toys 1 2 3 4 5
100 2.
90 20 30 40 50
80
Dollars (billions)
70
60 3. Sample answer is shown. When each outcome
50 is equally likely, you can find theoretical probabili-
40 ty by counting outcomes. On the other hand,
30 experimental probability is based on experimental
20 data. 4. Sample answer is shown. Students lining
10 up for lunch. 5. The events would be dependent
if you do not replace the first ball before drawing
1993 1994 1995 1996 the second. P(2 red) 5 38 ? 27 5 28
3
Year
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
Chapter 12 Cumulative Review
Chapter 12 Test Form B 1. A 2. J 3. B 4. J 5. A 6. H 7. B
1. D 2. H 3. A 4. J 5. A 6. G 8. H 9. A 10. G 11. C 12. x15 13. 72a10
7. B 8. about 533 pens 3 3y 5
9. Number Frequency 14. 125k
6 15. 5x
m
9
22 3 16. y 17. 49
23 2 4
18. 17
24 0
25 5 2
26 3 x
27 2 4 2 O 2 4
10. Sample answer 2
✗
✗ 4
✗ ✗ ✗
✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ 19.
✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
22 23 24 25 26 2
20. Sample answer is shown. A population is a
group about which you want information. A sam-
ple is just part of the population you use to make
predictions about the whole population.
44 Answers Pre-Algebra Chapter 12
Chapter 13 Answers
Practice 13-1 3. y 5 2(22) 2 2 4 5 4; (2, 4);
1. 112, 224, 448; geometric; Start with 7 and y 5 2(21) 2 2 4 5 22; (1, 2);
multiply by 2 repeatedly. 2. 29, 35, 41; arith- y 5 2(0) 2 2 4 5 24; (0, 4);
metic; Start with 5 and add 6 repeatedly. 3. 2, 1, y 5 2(1) 2 2 4 5 22; (1, 2);
1 1
2 ; geometric; Start with 32 and multiply by 2
y 5 2(2) 2 2 4 5 4; (2, 4);
repeatedly. 4. 9, 5, 1; arithmetic; Start with 25 y
and add 4 repeatedly. 5. 15, 21, 27; 4
arithmetic; Start with 9 and add 6 repeatedly.
6. 18, 27, 37; neither 7. 162; 486; 1,458; 2
geometric; Start with 2 and multiply by 3 x
repeatedly. 8. 25, 36, 49; neither 9. 3 10. 2.8 4 2 O 2 4
11. 4 12. 14
2
All rights reserved.
Practice 13-2 4
1. y 5 u 22 u 2 2 5 0; (2, 0); 4. y 5 22u 22 u 1 3 5 21; (2, 1);
y 5 u 21 u 2 2 5 21; (1, 1); y 5 22u 21 u 1 3 5 1; (1, 1);
y 5 u 0 u 2 2 5 22; (0, 2); y 5 22u 0 u 1 3 5 3; (0, 3);
y 5 u 1 u 2 2 5 21; (1, 1); y 5 22u 1 u 1 3 5 1; (1, 1);
y 5 u 2 u 2 2 5 0; (2, 0) y 5 22u 2 u 1 3 5 21; (2, 1);
y y
4 4
2 2
x x
4 2 O 2 4 4 2 O 2 4
2 2
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
4 4
2. y 5 2(22) 2 1 3 5 21; (2, 1);
y 5 2(21) 2 1 3 5 2; (1, 2);
y 5 2(0) 2 1 3 5 3; (0, 3); Practice 13-3
y 5 2(1) 2 1 3 5 2; (1, 2); 1. 13; Q 0, 13 R ; 1; (1, 1); 3; (2, 3); 9; (3, 9); 27; (4, 27)
y 5 2(2) 2 1 3 5 21; (2, 1)
y y
30
4
2 24
x 18
4 2 O 2 4
2 12
4 6
x
O 2 4 6 8 10
Pre-Algebra Chapter 13 Answers 37
Chapter 13 Answers (continued)
2. 52; Q 0, 52 R ; 5; (1, 5); 10; (2, 10); 20 (3, 20); 40; (4, 40) Practice 13-6
y 1. 12x2 2 20x 2. 28x2 1 56x
50
3. 7xy3 2 14x2y2 1 7x3y2 4. 6x2y2 1 15xy
5. 18x2y 2z 2 27xy2z2 1 36x2yz2
40
6. 26ab2 1 3a4b 7. 215a3 1 15a2b 2 45a2c
30 8. 26x2a5 2 3x2a3b 1 3x3a2 9. x(12x 2 6y) ;
12x2 2 6xy 10. 12 (2ab)(a 1 b) ; a2b 1 ab2
20 11. 12 (4y)(3x 1 8y) ; 6xy 1 16y2 12. 8(x 1 y)
13. 13(a 2 b) 14. 2x2 (x 1 1)
10
15. 11(a 1 b 1 c) 16. x 2y(xy 1 y2 1 x2)
x 17. 26abc(2b 2 3ac 1 5b2c2)
O 2 4 6 8 10 18. 18w2(5wx 1 8)
All rights reserved.
3. 50; (0, 50); 10; (1, 10); 2; (2, 2); 0.4; (3, 0.4); 0.08;
(4, 0.08) Practice 13-7
y 1. x2 1 5x 1 6 2. x2 1 6x 1 5
50 3. x2 1 9x 1 20 4. x2 1 9x 1 14
5. x2 2 5x 2 6 6. x2 1 5x 2 24
40 7. 2x2 1 11x 1 15 8. x2 2 10x 1 24
9. 4x2 2 49 10. m2 2 35m 1 300
30 11. 9k2 1 24k 1 16 12. x2 2 400
13. 20n2 2 9n 2 20 14. 100x2 2 20x 1 1
20 15. y2 2 13y 1 42 16. x2 2 14x 1 45
17. x2 2 7x 2 30 18. 6x2 1 13x 1 6
10
19. x2 1 8x 1 15 20. 12n2 1 29n 1 14
x 21. 6h2 1 23h 1 20
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
O 2 4 6 8 10
4. yes 5. no 6. yes 7. no 8. yes 9. no
Practice 13-8
1. 16 2. 3 and 2 3. 2 ft by 2 ft 4. 5 in. by
Practice 13-4 5 in. 5. 64 boxes 6. 6 in., 8 in., 10 in.
1. 3 2. 8 3. 7 4. 4 5. 10 6. 0 7. 7
8. 57 9. 360 10. 30 11. 3,780 12. 315
Reteaching 13-1
13. 252 diagonals 14. 170 m 15. monomial
16. binomial 17. binomial 18. trinomial 1. 20, 23, 26; arithmetic; 8 and add 3 repeatedly.
19. monomial 20. binomial 2. 4, 6, 8; arithmetic; 4 and add 2 repeated-
ly. 3. 1,250; 6,250; 31,250; geometric; 2 and multi-
ply by 5 repeatedly.
Practice 13-5
1. 7m 1 1 2. 27k 1 2 3. x2 1 7x
4. 5x2 2 4x 2 1 5. 3x2 1 12x 1 1
6. 5x2y2 1 2xy 1 4x 7. 23x3 2 x2 2 8x 2 1
8. 5x3 1 2x2 1 9x 2 5 9. 23x2y2 2 3xy 2 9y2
10. x2 2 4x 2 2y 1 5
11. 2a2b 1 7ab2 2 17a 2 16b 1 31
12. 4m2 1 5m 2 5 13. 24n 1 2
38 Answers Pre-Algebra Chapter 13
Chapter 13 Answers (continued)
Reteaching 13-2 Reteaching 13-5
y 5 2u 22 u 2 2 5 4 2 2 5 2; (2, 2); 1. 2x 2 5 2. x2 2 2x 3. 3x2 1 2x 1 1
y 5 2u 21 u 2 2 5 2 2 2 5 0; (1, 0); 4. 2x2 1 2x 1 1 5. x2 2 x 2 2
y 5 2u 0 u 2 2 5 0 2 2 5 22; (0, 2); 6. 3x2 2 10x 2 7 7. 2y 2 9
y 5 2u 1 u 2 2 5 2 2 2 5 0; (1, 0); 8. 2x2 2 xy 2 4y2 9. 2x2 2 8xy 1 5y
y 5 2u 2 u 2 2 5 4 2 2 5 2; (2, 2);
10. 6k2 2 4k 2 12 11. 2ab 2 b
y 12. 5x2 2 12xy 2 6y2 2 3
4
2 Reteaching 13-6
x 1. x, y 2. m, n 3. 4x2 4. 6b 5. 4(3x 2 4y)
4 2 O 2 4 6. 3(2a 1 3b) 7. 29(x2 1 y2)
2 8. 5(4m 1 5n 2 7k) 9. 4xy 1 y2 2 2x2y
All rights reserved.
10. 15y2 2 6xy 1 12xy2
4
Reteaching 13-7
Reteaching 13-3 1. 8x2 1 26x 2 7 2. x2 1 ax 1 bx 1 ab
3. y 2 2 18y 1 81 4. x2 2 16
y 5 58 ? 20 5 58 ? 1 5 58; Q 0, 58 R 5. 3m2 1 2mn 2 n2 6. a2 2 6a 2 112
y 5 58 ? 21 5 58 ? 2 5 54; Q 1, 54 R 7. k2 2 36 8. p2 1 10p 1 25 9. a2 2 b2
y 5 58 ? 22 5 58 ? 4 5 52; Q 2, 52 R 10. x2 1 2x 1 1 11. a2 2 2ab 1 b2
12. x2 2 16 13. (12x2 2 19x 2 21) units2
y 5 58 ? 23 5 58 ? 8 5 5; (3, 5)
y 5 58 ? 24 5 58 ? 16 5 10; (4, 10)
Reteaching 13-8
y
1. 37 (1 and 36) 2. 49 (7 and 7) 3. 16 and 4
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
10
8 Enrichment 13-1
1. 3 2. 19; 3 1 4(3) 1 4 5 3 1 4(4) 3. 23;
6 3 1 4(4) 1 4 5 3 1 4(5) 4. 3 1 4(n 2 1)
5. a 1 d(n 2 1) 6. 3 7. 128;
4
8 ? 23 ? 2 5 8 ? 24 8. 256; 8 ? 24 ? 2 5 8 ? 25
2 9. 8 ? 2n21 10. a ? rn21
x
O 2 4 6 8 10
Reteaching 13-4
1. 219 m 2. 155 m 3. 148 m 4. 183 m 5. 3
6. 1 7. 3 8. 7 9. 1,105 cm2
Pre-Algebra Chapter 13 Answers 39
Chapter 13 Answers (continued)
Enrichment 13-2 Enrichment 13-4
1. 15, 14, 12, 10, 8, 6, 4, 2, 1; 712, 14, 24, 30, 32, 30, 24, 1. $100 2. $100 3. 100(1.06) 2 1 100(1.06)
14, 712 2. 36 4. $100 5. 100(1.06) 3 1 100(1.06) 2 1 100(1.06)
3. 4 6. D3 * 1.06, A4 C4, D4 * 1.06, A5 C5,
32 D5 * 1.06, A6 C6 7. $437.46 8. y represents
1.06 in the expression
28 100(1.06) 3 1 100(1.06) 2 1 100(1.06) 1 100
24
Enrichment 13-5
Area (m2)
20 MANY NAMES
16
All rights reserved.
Enrichment 13-6
12 1. l, w 2.a. 40 cm b. 40 cm 3. Sample
answer is shown. The formula p 5 2(l 1 w) is
8 easier to use because you only have to multiply by
2 once. 4. r, h 5.a. 150.72 ft2 b. 150.72 ft2
4 6. Sample answer is shown. The formula
S 5 2pr(r 1 h) is easier to use because it involves
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 fewer operations. 7. p, 1, rt
Width (m)
Enrichment 13-7
1.a. 6, 2 b. 6, 2 2.a. 2, 5 b. 2, 5
Enrichment 13-3 3.a. 5, 8 b. 8, 5 4. (x 1 2)(x 1 3)
5. (x 1 3)(x 1 7) 6. (x 1 4)(x 1 9)
1. y 2. The graph of
7. (x 1 6)(x 1 7) 8. (x 2 3)(x 2 5)
y 5 Q 12 R is the
x
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
8 9. (x 2 9)(x 2 8) 10. (x 2 6)(x 1 5)
reflection of the 11. (x 1 7)(x 2 3) 12. (x 2 5)(x 1 1)
graph of y 5 2x 13. (x 1 8)(x 2 7)
6
in the y-axis.
4 Enrichment 13-8
2 1. 144 ft 2. 16; 64; 144; 256; 400; 576; 784; 1,024
d
3. 144 ft, 176 ft, 208 ft 4. 32 ft, 32 ft, 32 ft 5. 16
x
4 2 O 2 4 6. 12 s 7. 42 s
3. y 4. The graph of
8 y 5 22x is the
reflection of the
4 graph of y 5 2x
x in the x-axis.
5. y 5 2Q 12 R
x
4 2 O 2 4
6. y 5 Q 13 R
x
4
8
40 Answers Pre-Algebra Chapter 13
Chapter 13 Answers (continued)
✔ Checkpoint Quiz 1 8. y 5 2(22) 2 1 2 5 22; (2, 2);
y 5 2(21) 2 1 2 5 1; (1, 1);
1. 27, 47, 78; Start with 56 and multiply by 12 repeated-
y 5 2(0) 2 1 2 5 2; (0, 2); y 5 2(1) 2 1 2 5 1;
ly.
(1, 1); y 5 2(2) 2 1 2 5 22; (2, 2);
2.
x y 5 4(0.5) x (x, y) y
4
0 y 5 4(0.5) 0 5 4(1) 5 4 (0, 4)
1 y 5 4(0.5) 1 5 4(0.5) 5 2 (1, 2) 2
2 y5 4(0.5) 2 5 4(0.25) 5 1 (2, 1) x
4 2 O 2 4
3 y 5 4(0.5) 3 5 4(0.125) 5 0.5 (3, 0.5)
2
4 y5 4(0.5) 4 5 4(0.0625) 5 0.25 (4, 0.25)
4
All rights reserved.
y
5
9. y 5 12 u 24 u 2 4 5 22; (4, 2);
4 y 5 12 u 22 u 2 4 5 23; (2, 3);
3 y 5 12 u 0 u 2 4 5 24; (0, 4);
y 5 12 u 2 u 2 4 5 23; (2, 3);
2 y 5 12 u 4 u 2 4 5 22; (4, 2);
1 y
4
x
O 1 2 3 4 5 2
x
4 2
✔ Checkpoint Quiz 2 O 2 4
2
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1. binomial 2. monomial 3. trinomial 4. 4
5. 14 6. 26 7. 4a 1 3b 4
8. 8m2n 2 6mn3 1 2mn2 9. n2 1 4n 2 21
10. 23n2 2 4n 1 6 11. 8y3z 1 12y2z2 2 20y2z
Chapter 13 Test Form A 12. x2 2 3x 2 40 13. d2 1 2bd 2 8b2
14. 5(2x2 2 3x 1 5) 15. 3x(x2 2 2x 2 5)
1. D 2. G 3. A 4. G 5. D 6. 192;
768; 3,072; geometric; Start with 3 and multi- 16. 6 combinations; 357; 375; 537; 573; 735; 753
ply by 4 repeatedly. 7. 26, 31, 36; arithmetic; 17. Sample answer is shown. A binomial is a
Start with 6 and add 5 repeatedly. polynomial with two terms.
Pre-Algebra Chapter 13 Answers 41
Chapter 13 Answers (continued)
Chapter 13 Test Form B Chapter 13 Alternative Assessment
1. B 2. F 3. B 4. F 5. 10, 10.5, 11; 1. y 5 2x 2 1 3 2. y 5 2x 3. y 5 u x u 2 4
arithmetic; Start with 8 and add 0.5 repeatedly. 4. 2x + 1
6. 80, 160, 320; geometric; Start with 5 and mul-
tiply by 2 repeatedly.
7. y 5 12 (24) 2 2 4 5 4; (4, 4);
x+3
y 5 12 (22) 2 2 4 5 22; (2, 2);
y 5 12 (0) 2 2 4 5 24; (0, 4);
y 5 12 (2) 2 2 4 5 22; (2, 2); 5. Sample answer is shown. A monomial is a real
y 5 12 (4) 2 2 4 5 4; (4, 4); number, a variable, or the product of real numbers
and variables; 3xy. A binomial is a polynomial
y
4 with two terms; x 1 3xy. A trinomial is a polyno-
All rights reserved.
mial with three terms; x 1 3xy 1 y.
2 6. (n 1 1) 2 2 n2 5 n2 1 2n 1 1 2 n2 5 2n 1 1
x 5 n 1 (n 1 1) 7. arithmetic: 15, 24, 33;
4 2 O 2 4 geometric: 12, 24, 48
2
Chapter 13 Cumulative Review
4
1. B 2. H 3. C 4. H 5. B 6. F 7. D
8. F 9. A 10. J 11. A 12. F 13. 203 mi
8. y 5 2u 22 u 1 3 5 1; (2, 1);
14. 27 in.2 15. 200.5 ft2
y 5 2u 21 u 1 3 5 2; (1, 2);
16. (2x2 1 11x 2 10) cm 17. zy 1 y
y 5 2u 0 u 1 3 5 3; (0, 3);
19. y 5 10 Q 12 R 5 10;
0
18. 6t3 1 15t2 2 18t
y 5 2u 1 u 1 3 5 2; (1, 2);
(0, 10); y 5 10 Q 12 R 5 5; (1, 5); y 5 10 Q 12 R 5 212;
1 2
y 5 2u 2 u 1 3 5 1; (2, 1);
Q 2, 22 R ; y 5 10 Q 12 R 5 114; Q 3, 114 R ; y 5 10 Q 12 R 5 58;
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1 3 4
y
Q 4, 8 R ;
4 5
y
2 10
x
4 2 O 2 4 8
2 6
4 4
9. p2 2 2p 2 5 10. m2n2 1 4mn3 2
11. x2 2 3x 2 70 12. 10x(2x2 1 3x 2 5)
13. 20 codes 14. Sample answer is shown. x
O 1 2 3 4 5
A trinomial is actually three monomials added
together. 20. Sample answer is shown. The graph of a
quadratic function is shaped like a U whereas the
graph of an absolute value function is shaped like
a V.
42 Answers Pre-Algebra Chapter 13
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version A (continued)
4. 7, 6, 1
Chapter 1 10 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8
5. 5 6. 2,000 7. 12 8. 7 9. 15 10. 9
Practice 1-1 11. 25 12. 8 13. 31 14. 847 15. 2 16. 4
17. 0 18. 7 19. 7 20. 21. 22. 23.
1. 25(5) 2. 25q 3. 12(7) 4. 12y 5. 21 4 24. 25. 26. 27.
q
6. 4 7. k 2 9 8. m 6
9. 2x 10. 2x 1 4
11. 18 1 b 12. 3(2 1 a) 13. variable; d Guided Problem Solving 1-4
14. numerical 15. numerical 16. variable; p 1. Graph the numbers on a number line and then order the
17. variable; k 18. numerical 19. numerical numbers from least to greatest. 2. -2, 8, -9
20. variable; x 21. 15C warmer than the room temperature 3.
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
22. 7C cooler than the room temperature 9 2
4. 6
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Guided Problem Solving 1-1 5. -9 6. -9, -2, 8 7. ∆-9∆ = 9, ∆-2∆ = 2
1. Brandi 2. subtraction 3. Mia has $20 less than Brandi
All rights reserved.
8. 8 3 4 ;
4. the amount of money Brandi has 5. the amount of money
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Mia has 6. d 7. d - 20 8. d - 20 + 20 = d, which is
-8, -3, 4
Brandi’s amount. 9. m + 5
Practice 1-2 Practice 1-5
1. 8 2. 38 3. 5 4. 66 5. 54 6. 1 7. 8 8. 4 9. 14 1. 26 1 (29) 5 17 2. 100 1 (262) 1 35
10. 6 11. 5 12. 18 13. 7 14. 21 15. 26 16. 7 1 (272) 5 1 3. 11 4. 0 5. 29 6. 2
17. (3 1 5) ? 8 5 64 18. 4 ? (6 2 2) 1 7 5 23 7. 10 8. 1 9. 11 10. 0 11. 7 12. 11 13. 3
19. 10 4 (3 1 2) ? 4 5 8 20. (3 1 6) ? 2 5 18 14. 8 15. positive 16. negative 17. negative 18. 4
21. 12 ? 10 2 12 ? 6 22. 3 ? 12 1 1 ? 12 19. 17 20. 0 21. 22. 23. down 2 floors
23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 24. $32
Guided Problem Solving 1-2 Guided Problem Solving 1-5
1. 4 hours 2. 7 hours 3. 3 days 4. multiplication 5. 3 3 7 1. $123 2. $35 3. $20 4. $90 5. a. subtracted,
6. addition 7. 4 + 3 ? 7 8. 25 hours b. subtracted, c. added 6. 123 - 35 - 20 + 90 7. $158
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
9. 4 + 7 + 7 + 7 = 25 10. 4 3 8 + 5; $37 8. 158 - 90 + 20 + 35 = 123, the amount Marie started
with 9. $64
Practice 1-3
1. 15 2. 4 3. 33 4. 18 5. 7 6. 9 7. 5 8. 33
Practice 1-6
9. 6 10. 15 11. 33 12. 7 13. 23 14. 5 15. 636 1. 4 2. 7 3. 21 4. 18 5. 335 6. 52
16. 81 17. 19 18. 27 19. 24 20. 14 21.a. 58 2 y 7. 38 8. 105 9. 166 10. 281 11. 795
b. 33 years 22.a. 5x b. 180 in. 12. 100 13. 3 14. 6 15. 18 16. 50
17. 0 18. 17 19. 160 20. 400 21. 700
22. 300 23. 2,100 24. 2,200
Guided Problem Solving 1-3 25. 2,300 2 600 5 1,700 26. 250 2 35 5 285
1. $100 2. $25 3. number of months of membership 27. 317 2 74 2 132 2 48 5 63
4. the cost of membership for n months 5. the cost of
membership for one year 6. multiplication 7. 25n
8. addition 9. 100 + 25n 10. 100 + 25(12) 11. $400
Guided Problem Solving 1-6
12. multiplication 13. 10 + 5n; $50 1. 35 2. 50 3. your new score 4. positive 5. subtract
6. 35 - 50 7. -15 8. 35 + (-50) 9. -15 10. -20
Practice 1-4
1. 8, 4, 5
Practice 1-7
10 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 10 1. 18, 21, 24; Start with 3 and add 3 repeatedly
2. 3, 2, 3
2. 32, 64, 128; Start with 1 and multiply by 2 repeatedly
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 3. 62, 63, 126; Start with 6. Alternate adding 1 and multiplying
by 2. 4. 1, 8, 15; Start with 34 and subtract 7 repeatedly
3. 9, 5, 0
10 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 10 5. Incorrect. There are yellow roses. 6. Correct
All-In-One Answers Version A Pre-Algebra
59
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version A (continued)
7. Incorrect. 8 2 (27) 5 15 5. The pattern is Start with 1 and add 1 repeatedly.
8. a square with 4 dots 6. Grade 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Number of 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Students in
the Parade
7. 78 students
9. a circle inside a square
8. ; 78 students
10. a triangle divided into 4 triangles
with the lower right one shaded
9. 36 students
All rights reserved.
11. the third figure rotated 90 clockwise Practice 1-9
1. 368 2. 336 3. 51 4. 6 5. 13 6. 117
7. 5 8. 7 9. 3 10. 45 11. 36 12. 42 13. 36
14. 75 15. 5 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
21. 22. 11 23. $16 24. $1 25. 1
Guided Problem Solving 1-7 26. 18 ft 27. 3(24) 5 212; The temperature dropped
1. Answers may vary. Sample: If the digits of a whole number a total of 12.
add up to a number that is divisible by 3, then the whole
number is also divisible by 3. 2. Answers may vary. Sample: Guided Problem Solving 1-9
1. 5 degrees 2. 7 hours 3. Use an integer to represent
15, 18, 21 3. Answers may vary. Sample: 15 = 5; 18 = 6; the total change in temperature. 4. 7 times
3 3
21 = 7 4. Answers may vary. Sample: 120, 132 5
3 5.
5. yes 6. Answers may vary. Sample: The conjecture seems to 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 5 10
be correct because it worked with several numbers that I
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
6. -35 7. 7 ? (-5) = -35 8. -60
know are divisible by 3. 7. 5 + 1 + 1 + 2 = 9, 9 = 3;
3
5,112
3
= 1,704 8. Incorrect; 12 is divisible by 2, but the sum Practice 1-10
of its digits, 3, is not divisible by 2. 1–6. y 7. (1, 1)
4 8. (4, 3)
B D
9. (2, 1)
A
Practice 1-8 2 10. (0, 1)
1.a. 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11; 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36 b. The total in the 11. II 12. I
C x 13. III
display is the row number multiplied by itself (the row number 4 2 O 2 4 14. y-axis
squared) c. 9, 12, 20 d. The number of rows is the square
root of the number of boxes in the display. 2.a. 9, 1, 9, 1 15. G 16. T
E F 17. K 18. R
b. When 9 is multiplied an even number of times the one’s
digit is 1. When 9 is multiplied an odd number of times the 4 19. negative,
one’s digit is 9. c. 1 3. 6 positive
20. negative, negative 21. zero 22. zero
Guided Problem Solving 1-8
1. 1 first grader 2. 2 second graders; 3 third graders
3. the number of students who will march in the parade
4. Grade 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Number of 1 2 3
Students in
the Parade
60 Pre-Algebra All-In-One Answers Version A
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version A (continued)
Guided Problem Solving 1-10 Subtracting Integers: use rules and models to subtract integers;
Inductive Reasoning: make predictions and test conjectures;
1. a square 2. the coordinates of each point
Look for a Pattern: using a tree diagram; Multiplying and
3. the coordinates of S
Dividing Integers: multiply and divide integers; The
4. y Coordinate Plane: graphing points
Q(0, 5)
4
1B: Reading Comprehension
2 Sample Responses: 1. what algebra is; the history of algebra
x 2. Numbers are used as examples of values for variables, and
as dates. 3. Diophantus and Al-Khowarizmi. 4. the father of
P(5, 0)2 O 2 R(5, 0) algebra 5. six centuries 6. the operations 7. addition,
2 subtraction, multiplication, division 8. the word, al-jabr, in
the title of a work by Al-Khowarizmi
4
1C: Reading/Writing Math Symbols
All rights reserved.
Sample Responses: 1. two divided by p 2. the absolute
5. value of x 3. the opposite of ten or negative ten 4. y is less
y than negative two 5. the product of the variable a and 7 or
Q(0, 5)
4 7 times a 6. a + b 7. 3 15 8. 2(x + y) 9. -m , 2
10. p - 6 11. 12 t 12. |3|
2
x 1D: Visual Vocabulary Practice
1. variable 2. variable expression 3. opposites
P(5, 0)2 O 2 R(5, 0) 4. quadrants 5. x-axis 6. y-axis 7. ordered pair
2 8. y-coordinate 9. origin
4 1E: Vocabulary Check
Integers: The whole numbers and their opposites.
Absolute value: The distance of a number from zero on a
6. The four sides of a square are equal. number line.
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
7. y Inductive reasoning: Making conclusions based on patterns
Q(0, 5) you observe.
4 Conjecture: A conclusion reached through inductive
reasoning.
2 Counterexample: An example that proves a statement false.
P(5, 0) R(5, 0) x
2 O 2 1F: Vocabulary Review Puzzle
1. conjecture 2. coordinate 3. integer 4. inductive 5. axis
2 6. variable 7. quadrant 8. origin 9. absolute 10. evaluate
I N T E G E R O T E U D Q
4
E T E E E A G V A T C L O
E N I E T R N D E A E I I
8. (0, -5) 9. 5 units 10. (4, 2) R A R U A B D J L U A E A
U R T U N O N B B L I E N
1A: Graphic Organizer T D E A I V E T A A C T N
1. Algebraic Expressions and Integers 2. Answers may vary.
C A I N D U C T I V E U U
Sample: variables and expressions, integers and absolute value,
inductive reasoning, the coordinate plane 3. Look for a E U U T R B N O R E B L E
Pattern 4. Check students’ work. Chapter: Algebraic J Q A A O R I E A L S O I
Expressions and Integers; Variables and Expressions: write N E D O O T T A V U X S I
variable expressions; The Order of Operations: use grouping
O G A O C O R I G I N B N
symbols; Evaluating Expressions: solve word problems;
Integers and Absolute Value: find opposites and absolute C A X I S U T T I V E A N
values; Adding Integers: use rules and models to add integers;
All-In-One Answers Version A Pre-Algebra
61
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version A (continued)
Chapter 2 Guided Problem Solving 2-3
1. the number of dollars each plant cost 2. $10 3. $3
4. how much the supplies for Juan’s gecko cost in all
Practice 2-1 5. 4p 6. 4p + 10 + 3 7. 4p + 13 8. All like terms have
1. 1,300 2. 1,127 3. 185 4. 120 5. 0 6. 9,000 been combined. 9. 3n + 14
7. 700 8. 745 9. 77 10. 12,000 11. 10 12. 180
13. d 14. a 15. f 16. b 17. c 18. e 19. f 20. a
21. e 22. c 23. 360 24. 119 25. 210
Practice 2-4
1. no 2. yes 3. no 4. yes 5. yes 6. yes 7. yes
8. no 9. open sentence 10. false 11. true 12. open
Guided Problem Solving 2-1 sentence 13. true 14. false 15. 15 n 5 27; open
1. $308 2. $12 3. $16 4. 2 5. the total cost of Loryn’s
sentence 16. 13(27) 5 291; true 17. 54 4 6 5 29;
ticket 6. 2 3 16 7. 308 + (2 3 16) + 12 8. multiplication;
false 18. 3z 2 7 5 4; open sentence
2 3 16 9. 308 + 32 + 12 10. 308 + 12 + 32 11. (308 + 12)
19. d 1 132 5 468; no
+ 32 12. $352 13. The Commutative Property lets you
rearrange the numbers that are being added and the
Guided Problem Solving 2-4
All rights reserved.
Associative Property lets you choose which two numbers to
add first. 14. $65 1. 140 lb 2. the weight of the dog 3. 192 lb 4. Find
whether the dog weighs 52 lb. 5. 140 + d 6. 140 + d = 192
Practice 2-2 7. an open sentence 8. 140 + 52 = 192 9. true
10. Yes, the dog weighs 52 lb. 11. 140 lb 12. 56 - 32 = b,
1. 3(4x 1 2) 5 12x 1 6 2. 2(5x 1 3) 5 10x 1 6
or b + 32 = 56; no
3. 6h 2 24 4. 5p 1 15 5. 23x 2 24
6. 236 1 9y 7. 14n 2 22 8. 10a 2 50
9. (100 2 2)7 5 700 2 14 5 686 Practice 2-5
10. 9(30 2 2) 5 270 2 18 5 252 1. k 5 0 2. p 5 800 3. x 5 170
11. (80 2 2)8 5 640 2 16 5 624 4. n 5 100 5. y 5 7,500 6. x 5 100
12. 7(2,000 1 9) 5 14,000 1 63 5 14,063 7. f 5 211 8. w 5 210 9. m 5 9
13. (900 2 1)5 5 4,500 2 5 5 4,495 10. k 5 122 11. n 5 80 12. p 5 55
14. 30(100 1 5) 5 3,000 1 150 5 3,150 13. x 5 926 14. c 5 7 15. x 5 7
15. (8 2 12)5 5 220 16. 7f10 1 (23)g 5 49 16. p 5 14 17. k 5 228 18. y 5 268
17. 24(3 1 6) 5 236 18. 6f8 1 (22)g 5 36 19. n 5 39 20. h 5 43 21. k 5 234
19. 576 boxes 22. c 5 1,243 23. z 5 88 24. m 5 269
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
25. t 5 264 26. x 5 334
Guided Problem Solving 2-2 27. 356 1 365 1 n 5 977; 256 students
1. 294 seats 2. 4 nights 3. the number of people that
attended the theater in four nights 4. 4(294) 5. 300 - 6 Guided Problem Solving 2-5
6. 4(300 - 6) 7. 1,200 - 24 = 1,176 8. 1,176 people 1. 487 million people 2. The number of people who spoke
9. Answers may vary. Sample: Instead of multiplying 4 and English was 512 million fewer than the number of people who
294, the Distributive Property lets you multiply 4 and 300, spoke Mandarin Chinese. 3. Choose the appropriate equa-
and 4 and 6. 10. 144 tion for the problem. 4. the number of people in millions
who spoke Mandarin Chinese 5. subtraction; fewer implies
Practice 2-3 subtraction 6. A 7. 487 = n - 512 makes n bigger than
487. 8. 32 - s = 119
1. 7y 1 8 2. 30m 2 7 3. t 4. 9x 1 11y
5. 27k 2 20n 6. 0 7. 27a 2 51b 8. 24a 1 2c
9. 82q 10. 3; none; 7 11. 4, 3, 1; 3n, n; none Practice 2-6
12. 6, 9, 1; 6kp, kp; 14 13. 8, 6, 3; 6ab, 3ba; 7 1. k 5 25 2. n 5 221 3. x 5 0 4. m 5 12
14. 1, 2, 1, 5; c, 2c, c, 5c; 1 5. y 5 48 6. s 5 180 7. z 5 0 8. m 5 255
15. x 1 4 1 3x 1 (25) 1 2x; 6x 2 1 9. x 5 26 10. y 5 27 11. p 5 21
16. 4x 1 (26) 1 (22x) 1 3x 1 1; 5x 2 5 12. s 5 8 13. h 5 3 14. g 5 27
17. Distributive Property, Associative Property of Addition, 15. m 5 27 16. x 5 217 17. x 5 99
Commutative Property of Addition, Associative Property of 18. w 5 24 19. v 5 1 20. t 5 27
21. h 5 56 22. e 5 2500 23. x 5 140
Addition, Distributive Property, Addition
24. y 5 441 25. m 5 263 26. x 5 2160,000
27. 3d 5 144; 48 days 28. 33g 5 561; 17 gallons
29. 5, 5 30. 56, 56 31. 3, 3
62 Pre-Algebra All-In-One Answers Version A
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version A (continued)
Guided Problem Solving 2-6 8. x # 212
16 12 8 4 0 4
1. 88 stories 2. 1,232 ft 3. the height of one story
4. Answers may vary. Sample: h 5. 1,232 = 88h 9. x # 7
6. Divide each side of the equation by 88. 7. h = 14 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
8. 14 ft 9. 1,232 ft 10. 34s = 136; s = 4 feet 10. x $ 0
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
11. x . 3
Practice 2-7 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
1. 3 in. by 12 in.; Sample guesses are shown. 1, 2, 3; 10, 11, 12;
12. x , 26
10, 22, 36 2. 4 3-pointers and 9 2-pointers; Sample guesses
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2
are shown. 1, 2, 3, 4; 6, 7, 8, 9; 15, 20, 25, 30 3.a. 6, 6
b. 7, 5 c. 8, 4 d. 11, 1 e. 12, 0 13. x . 22
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
4. 9 dimes; 12 nickels 5. brush $2.89; comb $.89
6. paperback $6.65; hard cover $19.95 14. x # 5
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
15. x , 0
Guided Problem Solving 2-7 5 4 3 2 1
All rights reserved.
0 1 2 3 4 5
1. quarters and nickels 2. 4 more nickels 3. $2.30 4. how
many quarters and nickels there are 5. 0.05, 0.25 6. Check
students’ tables. 7. a. too low b. increase the numbers of
Guided Problem Solving 2-9
each 8. 11 nickels and 7 quarters 9. Answers may vary. 1. at least $120 2. $45 3. the amount of money you
Sample: If the total value is less than $2.30, you increase the will have to save 4. 45 + m 120 5. 45 6. m 75
numbers of nickels and quarters. If the total value of the coins 7. $75 8. $45 9. $38
is more than $2.30, you decrease the number of nickels and
quarters. 10. 14 dimes and 9 nickels Practice 2-10
1. 25k # 30; k $ 26 2. 12 p $ 27; p $ 214
Practice 2-8 3. 9k # 18; k # 2 4. 13 p $ 217; p $ 251
1. t , 16 2. h $ 7 3. p # 25 4. n , 0 5. 2g $ 25; g # 5 6. x . 22 7. x . 4
5. x # 27 6. x . 211 7. x , 2 8. x $ 23 8. x , 1 9. x . 26 10. x $ 24
9. 11. x , 218 12. x , 220 13. x $ 22
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 14. yes 15. yes 16. yes 17. no 18. Divide each side
by 5 and reverse the direction of the inequality symbol; Simplify.
10.
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
11. Guided Problem Solving 2-10
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 1. $.06 per kilowatt-hour 2. $72 3. Find the greatest
number of kilowatt-hours of electricity Marnie can use and
12. stay in budget. 4. 0.06 ? k 72 5. 0.06 6. 1,200
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 7. 1,200 kilowatt-hours 8. $72 9. 4 movies
13. x , 13 14. s # 60 15. c # $4.50
2A: Graphic Organizer
Guided Problem Solving 2-8 1. Solving One-Step Equations and Inequalities 2. Answers
1. three 2. with a twenty-dollar bill 3. the cost of a movie may vary. Sample: variables and equations, solving equations,
ticket 4. 3t 5. The student got change back from paying graphing inequalities, solving inequalities 3. Guess, Check,
with a twenty-dollar bill. 6. 3t 20 7. The problem would Revise 4. Check students’ work. Chapter: Solving One-Step
indicate that the student pays with more than a twenty-dollar Equations and Inequalities; Properties of Numbers: identify
bill. 8. 4g 5 properties; The Distributive Property: using the distributive
property; Simplifying Variable Expressions: identify parts of
a variable expression; Variables and Equations: check
Practice 2-9 equations using substitution; Solving Equations by Adding
1. n 2 6 , 24; n , 2 2. k 1 5 $ 2; k $ 23 or Subtracting: solve one-step equations by addition and
3. b 1 9 . 23; b . 212 4. 39 1 i $ 48; i $ 9 subtraction; Solving Equations by Multiplying or Dividing:
5. 840 1 1,150 1 c # 3,000; c # 1,010 solving one-step equations using division and multiplication;
6. x$2 Guess, Check, Revise: making a conjecture; Inequalities and
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 Their Graphs: graph inequalities; Solving One-Step Inequalities
7. x $ 1 by Adding or Subtracting: solve one-step equations with addition
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 and subtraction; Solving One-Step Inequalities by Multiplying or
Dividing: solve one-step inequalities using division
All-In-One Answers Version A Pre-Algebra
63
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version A (continued)
2B: Reading Comprehension 9. $2.00 10. 11 3 $2.00 11. about $22.00 12. $21.81
Sample Responses: 1. paper, pencil, ruler, red and blue 13. about $20.00
pencils or pens 2. an inequality 3. a list of the numbers
4. look, draw, make 5. whole numbers 6. the word yes or no Practice 3-3
1.a. 8.8, 8.85, 8.9 b. Answers may vary. Sample: The median;
2C: Reading/Writing Math Symbols the mean is affected by the outlier, and the mode is next to
1. 6 2. 2 3. II 4. a 5. 2 6. 13 7. 2x and 3x 8. -5 the highest score. c. This eliminates scores that are not
representative of the majority. 2. 8.5, 8.5, 9, 15 3. 51.4,
60.5, none, none 4. 5.2, 5.1, 4.9, none 5. 232.4, 234, 234
2D: Visual Vocabulary Practice and 271, 155 6. 3, 3, 3, none 7. 15,103.4 ft 8. 14,911 ft
1. terms 2. solution of inequality 3. constant 4. coefficient 9. Mont Blanc is over 500 ft higher than Monte Rosa.
5. solution of equation 6. open sentence 7. equation
8. inverse operations 9. expression
Guided Problem Solving 3-3
1. the mean, median, and mode of the data 2. which one
2E: Vocabulary Check best describes the data 3. 6 4. even 5. 40 72 72 79 80 81
All rights reserved.
Constant: A term that has no variable. 6. 70.7 7. 75.5 8. 72 9. Yes; 40. 10. The median is the best
Like terms: Terms with the same variable(s), raised to the measure; the data are numerical and the outlier affects the
same power(s). mean too much. 11. An outlier usually affects the means, so
Deductive reasoning: The process of reasoning logically it is not a good measure of central tendency for the given data.
from given facts to a conclusion. 12. 11.4, 11, 9; The mean is the best measure of central
Equation: A mathematical sentence with an equal sign, =. tendency because there are no outliers in the data.
Inequality: A sentence that uses one or more of the symbols
, , , , or 2.
Practice 3-4
1. 27 m 2. 13 ft 3. 35.2 cm 4. 40.5 sq m 5. 6.76 sq ft
2F: Vocabulary Review 6. 60.63 sq cm 7. 447.5, 366.5, 308, 220, 110, 66
1. D 2. A 3. C 4. E 5. B 6. D 7. C 8. A 9. E 10. B 8. 66.2, 71.6, 86, 82.4, 75.2, 68
Chapter 3 Guided Problem Solving 3-4
1. 3.7 m 2. 7.3 m 3. the perimeter and the area of the
Practice 3-1 rectangle 4. P = 2(7.3) + 2(3.7) 5. P = 14.6 + 7.4 6. 22 m
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1. 14.9 2. 1,030 3. 10.1 4. $15.50 5. $66 6. 13.6 7. A = 7.3(3.7) 8. 27.01 m2 9. 22 m 10. 3.7 m
7. $30 8. 36 9. 160 10. 6 11. 40 12. 16 13. 180 11. 13 m; 9 m2
14. $220 15. 500 16. 19.5 17. 6.7 18. 52.2 19. 1
20. 348.51 21. 450, clustering 22. 14, rounding; 14.1, Practice 3-5
front-end 23. $4, clustering 24. 50, rounding; 58, front-end 1. n 5 7.42 2. x 5 2.22 3. t 5 16.05
25. 0.09, rounding; 0.081, front-end 4. k 5 2117.61 5. k 5 5.44 6. p 5 235.7
7. y 5 21.39 8. h 5 229.403 9. y 5 48.763
Guided Problem Solving 3-1 10. e 5 9.69 11. x 5 0.0049 12. v 5 210.373
1. 63.96 in. 2. 19.70 in. 3. about how much more rain falls 13. x 5 219.2 14. f 5 20.15 15. a 5 227.98
each year in Mobile than in San Francisco 4. 64 in. 5. 20 in. 16. m 5 82.655 17. z 5 0 18. t 5 11.5
6. 64 – 20 7. 44 8. about 44 inches 9. 40 inches 10. 6 inches 19. b 5 22.76 20. n 5 4 21. k 5 0
22. n 5 4 23. x 5 7.3 24. p 5 10
25. c 5 6.2 26. j 5 3.9
Practice 3-2
1. no; 1800 2. no; 5 3. yes 4. yes 5. no; 2.4
6. no; 80 7. yes 8. no; 20 9. no; 12 10. yes 11. 54
Guided Problem Solving 3-5
12. 55 13. 600 14. 35 15. 1500 16. 280 17. 4 1. 19.32 s 2. 23.86 s 3. Write and solve an equation to
18. 5 19. 6 20. 6 21. 15 22. 3 23. $15 24. No, find Johnson’s 400-m record. 4. r - 23.86 = 19.32
6.85 < 7; the total should be less than 3 ? 7 5 $21. 25. $5 5. 23.86 6. 43.18 7. 43.18 s 8. 19.32 s 9. 58.53 s
Guided Problem Solving 3-2 Practice 3-6
1. h 5 6 2. x 5 27.5 3. k 5 20.387
1. 450 mi 2. 39 mi 3. $1.89 4. about how much the gas for
4. e 5 0.1 5. p 5 1.595 6. x 5 26.37
Shari’s trip will cost 5. 450 6. 40 7. 440 8. 440 , 11 gal 7. y 5 254.4 8. k 5 0.084 9. n 5 970.9
39 40
64 Pre-Algebra All-In-One Answers Version A
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version A (continued)
10.e 5 22,134.84 11. a 5 2872.1 3C: Reading/Writing Math Symbols
12.p 5 5,472 13. k 5 20.26 14. p 5 2414 1. p 0.7 2. b # -23 3. 7 m 4. t + 5 , 28
15.y 5 28.5 16. n 5 20.45 17. m 5 2.02
18.h 5 228.6 19. t 5 212.4 20. y 5 1.3 5. 3 + h 6. 56.9 cm 7. 7 $ g 8. 23 + 34 9. 4.5 - 11
21.20.75n 5 0.024; n 5 20.032 10. 2 7 11. 15n
n
12
22.23.88 5 22,000 ; n 5 7,760 23. 0.04n 5 33.4;
n 5 835 24. 20.26n 5 169.39; n 5 2651.5
3D: Visual Vocabulary Practice/High-Use
Academic Words
Guided Problem Solving 3-6 1. define 2. evaluate 3. estimate 4. identify 5. model
1. 12.25 lb 2. 0.5 lb 3. about how many average-sized 6. explain 7. compare 8. describe 9. convert
onions have a total weight the same as the record-setting
weight 4. 0.5n = 12.25 5. 0.5 6. 24.5 7. 25 onions
8. 12 lb or 12.5 lb 9. 26 marbles 3E: Vocabulary Check
Mean: The sum of a collection of data divided by the number
of data items.
Practice 3-7 Mode: The data item that occurs most often.
All rights reserved.
1. mm 2. km 3. cm 4. cm 5. 34 6. 1.975 7. 7,000 Range: The difference between the greatest and least values
8. 5.247 9. 0.087 10. 9.246 11. 250 mL; A cup would in a set of data.
hold less than a quart. 12. 2 kg; A bag of apples weighs Outlier: A data value that is much higher or lower than the
more than this math book. 13. 68 cm; The height is less than other data values in a collection of data.
a yard. 14. Kilometer; cities are usually miles apart. Significant digits: The digits that represent the actual
15. Gram; a pencil weighs a little more than a paper clip. measurement.
16. Liters; a tank usually holds between 10 and 20 gallons.
17. 1.5 18. 2.5
3F: Vocabulary Review Puzzle
ACROSS
Guided Problem Solving 3-7 2. mean 3. median 6. metric 7. outlier
1. 304.8 cm 2. the length of a hippopotamus’s stomach DOWN
in meters 3. 100 4. 304.8 5. 3.048 m 1. perimeter 4. formula 5. mode
100
6. 3.048 3 100 = 304.8 cm 7. 1.437 m
Chapter 4
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
Practice 3-8
1.a. 18 b. 360 c. 5,400 d. $520.02 2.a. 4 b. 6 Practice 4-1
c. 16 d. 30 e. 540 3.a. 4 cm b. 5 cm c. 6 cm 1. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12 2. 1, 3, 5, 9, 15, 45 3. 1, 41
d. 52 cm 4. 101 s 5. 59 days 4. 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18, 27, 54 5. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48
6. 1, 2, 4, 5, 10, 20, 25, 50, 100 7. 1, 3, 9, 13, 39, 117 8. 5
Guided Problem Solving 3-8 9. 2, 3, 9 10. 2, 5, 10 11. 3 12. 3, 5 13. 2, 3, 5, 9, 10
14. none 15. 3, 5, 9 16. 1 17. 3 18. 8 19. 0, 3, 6, 9
1. $.20 each 2. $.25 each 3. the amount of profit the school
20. 0, 5 21. 0, 2, 4, 6, 8
store makes on five dozen pencils 4. $.25 - $.20; $.05 5. 12
pencils 6. 60 pencils 7. 60 3 $.05 8. $3.00 9. $12.00
10. $15.00 11. $3.00 12. $43.00 Guided Problem Solving 4-1
1. 2 plates 2. 7 cookies 3. 1 3 42, 2 3 21, 3 3 14, 6 3 7
3A: Graphic Organizer 4. 2 plates of 21 cookies, 3 plates of 14 cookies, 6 plates of 7
cookies 5. 2 plates of 28 cookies, 4 plates of 14 cookies, 7
1. Decimals and Equations 2. Answers may vary. Sample:
plates of 8 cookies, 8 plates of 7 cookies 6. 2 plates of 30
rounding, estimating, using formulas, using the metric system
cookies, 3 plates of 20 cookies, 4 plates of 15 cookies, 5 plates
3. Act It Out 4. Check students’ work.
of 12 cookies, 6 plates of 10 cookies 7. 2 plates of 72 cookies,
3 plates of 48 cookies, 4 plates of 36 cookies, 6 plates of 24
3B: Reading Comprehension cookies, 8 plates of 18 cookies, 9 plates of 16 cookies, 12 plates
1. alphabetical 2. where the term is taught and explained in of 12 cookies, 16 plates of 9 cookies, 18 plates of 8 cookies
the text 3. Look at that page for further explanation. 8. The combinations of plates and cookies have to be factors
4. It repeats the term that is being defined. 5. an example of the number of cookies because the cookies need to be dis-
of each definition 6. a tributed evenly. 9. for 64 guests: 8 tables of 8 guests or 16
tables of 4 guests
All-In-One Answers Version A Pre-Algebra
65
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version A (continued)
Practice 4-2 Practice 4-5
1. 625 2. 125 3. 196 4. 64 5. 1 1. 12; P1-C3, P2-C3; P3-C1, P4-C1; P3-C2, P4-C2; P3-C3,
6. 729 7. 225 8. 3 9. 86 10. 34 11. k5 P4-C3 2. 12 3. 8 4. 16 5a. 15 b. 30
12. (9)3m3 13. g4h 14. 7a2b3 15. 16m3n2
16. (3)2d2e3 17. 8; 8 18. 0 19. 256; 256 20.
7 21. 12 22. 18 23. 150 24. 40
Guided Problem Solving 4-5
25. 28 26. 9 27. 4 28. 9 1. pepperoni, mushrooms, onions, and green peppers 2. how
many different pizzas you can make using one, two, three, or
four of the toppings 3. 4 pizzas
Guided Problem Solving 4-2 4. mushrooms
onions
onions green peppers
1. ab 3 ab 3 ab 2. ab3 3. tell what error the student green peppers
made 4. (a ? a ? a)(b ? b ? b) 5. a3b3 6. Answers may 5. 6 pizzas 6. 4 pizzas 7. 1 pizza 8. 15 pizzas
vary. Sample: Both a and b are raised to the third power in 9. Sample: pepperoni 2
mushrooms
my answer, but only b is raised to the third power in the 3 4
student’s answer. 7. The student didn’t multiply a ? a ? a. 1 5
8. 8 9. 8 10. He did not include the parentheses around -4. onions 6 green peppers
All rights reserved.
10. 7 sandwiches
Practice 4-3
1. 4 2. 18 3. 9 4. 23 5. 1 6. 7 7. 6 8. 25xy
9. 3 10. 16 11. 12k2 12. 2mn 13. composite; 3 ? 52 Practice 4-6
14. composite; 23 ? 19 15. composite; 24 ? 33
1-4. 1 3
16. composite; 22 ? 3 ? 72 17. composite; 25 ? 5 0.5 4 0.3 4
18. composite; 22 ? 33 19. prime 20. composite; 11 ? 13
21. composite; 32 ? 59 22. composite; 32 ? 41 23. prime 1.0 0.5 0 0.5 1.0
24. prime 25. 15, 35, 21, 105 26. B
3 3 19
5. 4
7 6. 5 7. 20 8. 1
3 9. 267 10. 20
25 10 210 2 22 4
Guided Problem Solving 4-3 11.–14. Sample answers. 11. 27 , 14 , 214 12. 3 , 23 , 6
3 23 26 34
1. 24 students 2. 16 students 3. The groups must be the 13. 45 , 24 224
25 , 230 14. 8 , 28 , 216 15. 21.7, 220
same size and have the same number of math students. 12 23 6
16. 20 , 25 , 10 17. 45 , 40 8
50 , 10 18. 20 lb
4. the greatest number of groups possible 5. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12,
24 6. 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 7. 1, 2, 4, and 8 8. 8 9. 8 groups
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
10. Since the 24 math students must be divided into groups of Guided Problem Solving 4-6
equal size, the number of groups must be a factor of 24. Since 1. the strength of a radio signal 2. distance in miles from the
the combined groups must be equal in size, the 16 science transmitter 3. the strength of the radio signal at a distance
students must also be divided into a number of groups of d miles from the transmitter 4. the strength of a radio signal
equal size. Thus the greatest number of groups is the GCF of 1,600 1,600
24 and 16. 11. 6 groups 5 miles from the transmitter 5. s 5 6. 25
52
7. 64 8. 64 9. Order of operations 10. 5 miles 11. 12.5 m/s2
Practice 4-4
1. 32 2. 21 3. 43 4. 54 5. 32 6. 97 4
7. 5y 8. 4x
5y
Practice 4-7
1. 4 2. 9 3. 10 4. 3 5. 3 6. 8 7. z15
9. 3x 10. 6n
7
1
11. 10 5h
12. 9k 13. n
14. 1 2 8. 2m 12 9. 236 10. x7 11. y9 12. 2y7
8 pm 4 3h
3h
15. 4k 3
16. 5s2 17. 82 , 12 6 9
18. 64 , 96 19. 10 , 15 13. 6y5 14. 6x15 15. m 42 16. x6y2 17. 54x19
4t 18. h16 19. 3p6 20. 42z8 21. 22. 23.
pq
2
20. 61 , 12 21. 12 , 24 6m 9m
22. 16n , 24n 23. 1
, 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29.
2pq2 2p 2q3
2t2 3s3t3
24. 6s 3 1
14r , 7rst 25. 5 26. 10
Guided Problem Solving 4-7
1. x8 ? x2 and x5 ? x5 2. explain why x8 ? x2 is equivalent
Guided Problem Solving 4-4 to x5 ? x5 3. x10 4. x10 5. Both x8 ? x2 and x5 ? x5 are equiv-
alent to x10. 6. Answers may vary. Samples: x9 ? x1,
1. 8 hours 2. the fraction of a day that 8 hours is 3. in
x3 ? x7, x6 ? x4 7. To find the power of a power, you multiply
simplest form 4. 8 5. 24 6. 8 7. 8 8. 1 9. 1 10. 8 the exponents. (x2)4 and (x4)2 both simplify to x8.
24 3 3
hours 11. 1
12
66 Pre-Algebra All-In-One Answers Version A
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version A (continued)
Practice 4-8 4B: Reading Comprehension
1. b 2. (a + b) 3. a 4. (-a) 5. a 6. b 7. The exponent
1
1. 9 2. 4 3. 5 4. 2 5. 4 6. 4 7. of -1 means the reciprocal of the base. 8. b 9. a(b 2 0)
a4
1 1 3x3 y8 10. (ab) 11. 1(a 2 0, b 2 0) 12. b
8. 9. 1 10. 11. 12. 2f5 13.
j k4 4 2
y3
14. 1
n5
15. 3 16. 1 17. 3h5k 18. 4
b6
4C: Reading/Writing Math Symbols
19. a23 20. 2x21y
21. 22. x26y2 m22n24 1. The 2 doubles the value of x. 2. The 2 multiplies the value
3 2 24 of x by x, or squares it. 3. The 7 multiplies the sum of x and y
23. 2s t 24. 3e f 25. Answers may vary. 15, 47, 44
2 2
by 7. 4. The 3 divides the value of p by 3. 5. The 2 does not
4 4
affect the value of a. 6. The 3 cubes x, or multiplies x by itself
Guided Problem Solving 4-8 3 times. 7. The 5 multiplies the b by 5.
1. a measure of the amount of energy released by the
9
earthquake 2. 7 3. 9 4. Simplify 307 to find 4D: Visual Vocabulary Practice
30 1. exponent 2. base 3. greatest common factor
how many times as much energy was released in the
4. prime numbers 5. simplest form 6. equivalent fractions
All rights reserved.
Sanriku earthquake compared to the Loma Prieta earthquake.
9 7. rational number 8. standard notation 9. scientific
5. 307 5 30927 5 302 6. 302 = 900 7. 900 times as much notation
30
8. Dividing Powers With the Same Base 9. By using this rule,
you do not have to find 30 9and 307, only 302. 10. 1,000 times 4E: Vocabulary Check
Divisible: When one integer can be divided by another
Practice 4-9 integer with a remainder of zero.
1. 37,700 2. 8,500 3. 0.00009002 4. 0.00191 Factor: An integer that can divide another nonzero integer
5. 3.653 3 109 6. 6.336 3 104 7. 4.6 3 107 with a remainder of zero.
Composite number: An integer greater than 1 with more
8. 7.725 3 107 9. 5.26 3 105 10. 8 3 109
than two positive factors.
11. 8.1 3 106 12. 7.3 3 1027 13. 9.03 3 1024 Prime factorization: The expression of a number as the
14. 6 3 107 15. 6 3 1014 16. 7.2 3 1027 product of its prime factors.
17. 8.5 3 1022 18. 23 3 105, 6.9 3 106, 72 3 105 Greatest common factor: The greatest factor two or more
19. 1.89 3 1024, 2.5 3 10 24, 19 3 1023 numbers have in common.
20. 3.125 3 1025 21. 3.1536 3 109
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
4F: Vocabulary Review
Guided Problem Solving 4-9 1. F 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. E 6. G 7. C 8. F 9. C 10. D
1. 2 3 10-5
lb 2. 1015
ants 3. how many pounds of ants 11. A 12. B 13. E 14. G
are on Earth 4. (2 3 1025)(1 3 1015)
5. 2 3 1 3 10-5 3 1015 6. 2 3 10-5 3 1015 7. 2 3 1010 Chapter 5
8. 2 3 1010 lb 9. 2 3 10-5 lb 10. 0.4 lb
Practice 5-1
4A: Graphic Organizer 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
1. Factors, Fractions, and Exponents 2. Answers may vary. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.
Sample: exponents, prime factorization, rational numbers, 16. 21 17. 96 18. 150 19. 18a3bc
scientific notation 3. Solve a Simpler Problem 4. Check 20. 84x2y2 21. 144 22. 432 23. down; 358 . 321
students’ work. Chapter: Factors, Fractions, and Exponents; 24. yes; 223 , 234 25. 12, 23, 34 26. 13, 25, 37, 49
Divisibility and Factors: find factors; Exponents: use 8 3 7 9
exponents; Prime Factorization and Greatest Common Factor: 27. 11 , 4, 8, 10
find the GCF; Simplifying Fractions: find equivalent fractions;
Account for All Possibilities: make an organized list; Rational Guided Problem Solving 5-1
Numbers: graph rational numbers on a number line; Exponents 1. 36 hot dogs 2. 20 hot dog buns 3. the least number of
and Multiplication: multiply powers with the same base; packages of each product he can buy to have an equal number
Exponents and Division: divide expressions with exponents; of hot dogs and buns 4. 36, 72, 108, 144, 180, 216, 252, 288,
Scientific Notation: write numbers in scientific notation 324, 360 5. 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140, 160, 180, 200 6. 180
7. 180 8. 5 9. 9 10. 180 11. 4 boxes of letterhead and
5 boxes of envelopes
All-In-One Answers Version A Pre-Algebra
67
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version A (continued)
Practice 5-2 Guided Problem Solving 5-4
1. 2
5 2. 3
4
4
3.
25 4.17
250 5. 9
100 6. 845 1. 13 12 mi 2. every 2 41 mi 3. the number of rest stops you
7. 0.85 8. 0.875 9. 0.5625 10. 3.125 will make 4. 13 1 4 2 1 5. 27 4 9 6. 4 7. 27 3 4
11. 6.28125 12. 2.696 13. 0.52 14. 4.62 2 4 2 4 9 2 9
327 42 3 2
15. 20.583 16. 0.4 17. 0.27 18. 1.36 8. 2 3 9 5 1 3 1 5 6 9. 6 sections 10. 5 rest stops
1 1
3
19. 10 , 0.4, 21, 53 20. 234, 0.6, 0.38, 238 1
11. 2 4 12. 22 pieces
21. 25 , 0.2, 41 , 25 22. 97
1 2 7
5 5 19 5 5 19.4 23. 10 90
3 9 3
24. 311
25 25. 24 11 26. 100 27. 8 28. 990
241
Practice 5-5
29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34.
1. 10 2. 9 3. 20 4. 1200 5. 212 6. 212
7. 114 8. 5 9. 18 10. 112 11. A glass of milk holds
Guided Problem Solving 5-2
5 2. 0.2 in. 3. 0.2 in. 4. decide whether the bolt will fit
1. 32 about 8 fl oz. 12. A newborn weighs about
712 lb. 13. Reasonable 14. ton; A whale is very
into a hole made by the drill bit 5. 0.15625 6. The diameter
heavy. 15. cup; Cookies have about a cup of sugar.
of the hole made by the drill bit; 0.2 . 0.15625 7. Yes, the
All rights reserved.
bolt has diameter 0.15625 in., which is less 0.2 in.
16. inch; A mouse is small 17. capacity
2 ; 2 5 32 ; 5 5 25 ; 2 . 5 9. No; a wooden 18. length 19. weight 20. length
8. 10 10 160 32 160 10 32
peg with a diameter of 0.5 in. will not fit into a hole with a Guided Problem Solving 5-5
diameter of 7 in. 0.5 in. is 1 in. and 7 in. is less than 1 in. 1. 2 mi 2. 1,000 ft 3. how many feet you have left to hike
16 2 16 2
5,280
4. 5,280 ft 5. 1 6. 10,560 ft 7. 10,560 - 1,000
Practice 5-3
8. 9,560 ft 9. 2 mi 10. 10,840 ft
1. 65 2. 83 3. 127 4. 2110 3
5. 2121
6. 9247
8x 7n 1 3 1 4
7. 15 8. 30 9. 3 10. 55 11. 2 12. 5y
5
Practice 5-6
13. 116 14. 213 7
20 15. 6 12 16. 23 12
11
1. March 5 2. 9 records per hour 3. page 198
7 15 1
17. 68 18. 11 19. 1416 20. 115 21. 11 4. 56F 5.a. 7 b. 31 c. 5 d. 3 e. 17
23 61
22. 30 23. 56 24. 100 25. 2150 26. 126
15 20 24 23
27. 28 28. 33 29. 665 30. 36 Guided Problem Solving 5-6
1. 21 2. $15 3. how much money you had originally 4. 12
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Guided Problem Solving 5-3 5. 12 m 6. $30 7. Sample: If you spent half of your money,
1. 3 21 in., 6 21 in., and 10 34 in. of snow then you must have half of your money left because two
2. the combined snowfall of the three storms halves equal a whole. 8. $15 9. 24 students
3. 3 12 + 6 21 + 10 43 4. 72 + 13
2
+ 43
4
Practice 5-7
5. Answers may vary. Sample: 14 1 26 1 43
4 4 4 9
1. 2110 3
2. 120 3. 14 1 1 4 5
15 4. 4 2 5. 4 6. 5 7. 3 9
6. 83 7. 20 3 8. 20 3 in. 9. Write the whole number as an 5
4 4 4 8. 24 9. 259 10. 216 3
11. 1113 12. 716 13. 538
improper fraction, then add the fractions. 10. Divide the 1
14. 1412 7
15. 210 7
16. 12 17. 734 18. 411 12
numerator by the denominator to find the whole number. 2 7 2 2 7
19. 7 20. 9 21. 9 22. 5 23. h 1 312 5 2116 ;
Use the remainder as the numerator of the fraction part.
h 5 17127
ft 24. h 1 134 5 614 ; h 5 412 ft
11. 25 23 in.
Guided Problem Solving 5-7
Practice 5-4
5 7 1. 8 21 lb 2. 4 87 lb 3. how much salmon he bought
1. 45 2. 214 3. 16 4. 1 5. 10 6. 212 7. 412
1 2 2
8. 33 9. 5 10. 23 11. 35 6
12. 31 13. 14 4. s 2 8 12 5 4 87 5. s 2 17 5 39 6. 17
39 2 8 2
14. 21121
15. 2419 16. 21152
17. 2914 18. 3x
14 7. Answers will vary. Sample: s 5 68 1 39
8 8
19. 83 20. 27t 1 1
68 21. 8 4 cups 22. 4 8 chapters
23. 15 sheets
107 3 3 3
8. 8 9. 13 8 10. 13 8 lb 11. 13 8 lb 12. 42 34 lb
68 Pre-Algebra All-In-One Answers Version A
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version A (continued)
Practice 5-8 5B: Reading Comprehension
1. x 5 34 2. p 5 234 3. k 5 2113 4. h 5 4 1. 3 2. 5 3. yes 4. It must end in 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8, and the
5 sum of its digits must be divisible by 9. 5. Least Common
1
5. e 5 48 6. m 5 2423 7. p 5 229 8. w 5 111
1
Multiple 6. 3 7. The two fractions have different
2 1
9. x 5 0 10. m 5 313 11. c 5 15 12. k 5 210 numerators and denominators.
8
13. y 5 7 14. f 5 15 15. n 5 15 16. c 5 113
17. d 5 6 18. y 5 20 19. h 5 218
5C: Reading/Writing Math Symbols
1. + 2. ? or 3. 4. - 5. ft 6. c 7. ? or 8. lb
20. k 5 2123 21. 123 m 5 2212 ; m 5 1312 pages 9. ? or 10. ? or 11. cm 12. . 13. + 14. +
22. 3x 5 156; x 5 52 mi/h
5D: Visual Vocabulary Practice
Guided Problem Solving 5-8 1. least common multiple 2. least common denominator
3 ft 2. how many weeks it will take a kudzu plant to
1. 1 20 3. terminating decimal 4. repeating decimal
5. reciprocals 6. conversion factor 7. greatest common
grow 23 ft under ideal conditions 3. 1 3 w 5 23 factor 8. prime factorization 9. equivalent fractions
All rights reserved.
20
4. 23
20
w 5 23 5. 20 6. w 5 20 7. 20 weeks
23
3 5E: Vocabulary Check
8. 1 20 9. 6 days Multiple: The product of a number and any nonzero whole
number.
Practice 5-9 Least common multiple: The least number that is a multiple
25 16 x6 of two or more numbers.
1. 36 2. 81 3. 4. 8x3 5. 9y4 6. 125a3b6
125 Least common denominator: The least common multiple
7. 144m2n2 8. 1,000x3y9 9. 729q3r3s12 of the denominators of two or more fractions.
4x2 4x2 Terminating decimal: A decimal with a finite number
10. 11. a6b6 12. 16a12b8 13.
81y2 y2 of digits.
2 27y6 5
Repeating decimal: A decimal in which the same block of
14. 9x 2 15. 3 16. 32x
10 17. 64 18. 2
64y x y digits repeats without end.
4
19. 1 20. 16 21. 9 22. 1 23. 5 24. 4
25. 3 26. 2 27. (4a2) 2 5 16a4 5F: Vocabulary Review Puzzle
(3z5) 3 27z15 1. TERMINATING 2. EQUIVALENT 3. RECIPROCAL
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28. 5
4. SIMPLEST 5. REPEATING 6. DIMENSIONAL
7. GREATEST 8. MULTIPLE 9. COMMON
Guided Problem Solving 5-9 10. SCIENTIFIC
1. 3x2 units 2. write and simplify an expression for the area
of the tabletop 3. s2 4. (3x2)2 5. 32 ? (x2)2
6. 9x4 7. 9x4 ft2 8. the Rule for Raising a Power Chapter 6
to a Power 9. 16x6 square units
Practice 6-1
5A: Graphic Organizer 1. 26 mi/gal 2. $7.50/h 3. 52 mi/h
1. Operations With Fractions 2. Answers may vary. Sample: 4. 13 throws/bull’s eye 5. 13 17
15 6. 13 7.
15
13 8. 1
1
comparing fractions, adding and subtracting fractions, using
9. 1
2 10. 43 , 73 , 74 11. 23 , 53 , 25 12. 42 , 62 , 64 13. 7
12
customary units of measurement, solving equations 3. Work
1 2 4 3 13 3 5
Backward 4. Check students’ work. Chapter: Operations 14. 2 15. 9 16. 5 17. 5 18. 14 19. 7 20. 7
4 1
With Fractions; Comparing and Ordering Fractions: find the 21. 3 22. 4
LCM; Fractions and Decimals: write fractions as decimals;
Adding and Subtracting Fractions: add or subtract fractions;
Multiplying and Dividing Fractions: multiply fractions; Using Guided Problem Solving 6-1
Customary Units of Measurement: convert customary units; 1. 846 km/h 2. the rate of the jetliner in meters per second
1,000 m 1h
Work Backward: work backwards to find the beginning; 3. 1,000 m 4. 1 km 5. 3,600 seconds 6. 3,600 s
Solving Equations by Adding or Subtracting Fractions: solve 7. 235 8. 235 m/s 9. 846 km/h 10. 5,984 ft/min
equations by adding or subtracting fractions; Solving
Equations by Multiplying Fractions: solve equations by
multiplying fractions and mixed numbers: Powers of Products
and Quotients: find powers of products
All-In-One Answers Version A Pre-Algebra
69
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version A (continued)
Practice 6-2 32 < 71%, which is
7. 71% 8. greater than 70% 9. Yes; 45
f p
1. 420 75
36 5 30 , f 5 350 2. 6 5 4 , p 5 50 higher than the passing grade of 70%. 10. 13 < 29%; This
6
45
3. 1.00 5 15
d , d 5 2.50 4. proportion 5. proportion is less than the 30% incorrect answer rate that would mean a
6. proportion 7. not a proportion 8. not a proportion failing grade. This supports the answer that she passed.
9. proportion 10. x 5 25 11. n 5 17 12. h 5 28 11. Yes; 19 < 73% which is greater than the 70% yes vote
13. f 5 110 14. m 5 75 15. j 5 102.9 26
needed to change the quiz day.
16. r 5 11.5 17. x 5 19.9 18. $3.08 19. 75 min
Guided Problem Solving 6-2 Practice 6-6
1. 3 defective chips 2. 750 chips 3. how many defective 1. 56 2. 88 3. 35 4. 200 5. 800 6. 30% 7. 37.5%
chips there would be in 10,000 chips at a rate of 3 defective 8. 90% 9. 78% 10. 20 11. 111 12. 165 13. 117
chips in 750 4. 3 5. c 3 5
6. 750 c 14. 28 games 15. 87.5% 16. 4,200 votes
750 10,000 10,000
7. 750c = 3(10,000) 8. 750 9. 40 defective chips
10. 40 11. 255 students Guided Problem Solving 6-6
11
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1. $55 2. 11% 3. the amount of money invested 4. 100
Practice 6-3 5. 55 11 5 55 7. 11n = 100(55) 8. 11 9. $500
6. 100
1. 32 mi 2. 80 mi 3. 56 mi 4. 160 mi 5. 128 mi n n
10. $55 11. $60
6. 116 mi 7. 5 8. 42.5 9. 36 10. 21.3, 15.8 11. 5.5 m
12. 43 in. 13. 234 in. 14. 812 in.
Practice 6-7
Guided Problem Solving 6-3 1. 68% 2. 125% 3. 75% 4. 0.5% 5. 27 6. 169
1. 35 mm 2. 21 mm 3. 85 cm 4. the height of the projected 7. 58 8. 36.2 9. 8 10. 14 11. 57 12. 70 13. 7,000
image 5. The lengths of corresponding sides of similar
14. 1,300 15. 80% 16. 1,440 students
figures are in proportion. 6. 35 mm 7. 21 mm
85 cm h Guided Problem Solving 6-7
35 mm
8. 85 cm 5 h 21 mm 9. 35h = 21(85) 10. 35 1. 5.4% 2. $6.48 3. the amount of the sale 4. 6.48 = 0.054s
11. 51 cm 12. 51 cm 13. 8 in. 5. 0.054 6. $120 7. $6.48 8. $800
Practice 6-4 Practice 6-8
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2 1 3 10 1. 12.5%; decrease 2. 25%; increase 3. 13%; increase
1. 11 2. 11 3. 11 4. 115. 1 to 1 6. 3 to 4
7. 1 to 6 8. 5 to 9 9. 11 to 3 10. 4 to 3 11. 24 1 4. 18%; decrease 5. 66.7%; increase 6. 300%; increase
7. 70%; decrease 8. 21%; decrease 9. 26.8%; increase
1
12. 12 13. 83 14. 85 15. 87 16. 38 17. 1 to 3 10. 33.9%; decrease 11. 20%; increase 12. 50%;
18. 1 to 1 19. 23 to 1 20. 5 to 3 21. 1 to 11 decrease 13. 25%; decrease 14. 900%; increase
22. 5 to 7 15. 100%; increase 16. 400%; increase
17. 33.3%; increase 18. 25%; increase
Guided Problem Solving 6-4 19. 69.6%; increase 20. 52.6%; decrease
1. 15 socks 2. white 3. the probability that the second 21. 52.6% increase 22. 70.5%; decrease
sock Lola pulls from the drawer is white 4. 3 white socks 23. 8.2% 24. 14.6% 25. 26%
5. 14 socks 6. 3 7. 14 8. 14 3 9. 11 10. 2
14 15 Guided Problem Solving 6-8
Practice 6-5 1. $1.29 2. $1.12 3. the percent of decrease 4. $1.29 -
1. 16% 2. 72% 3. 96% 4. 77.5% 5. 55.5% amount of change
$1.12 5. $.17 6. percent of change =
6. 40.3% 7. 304% 8. 500.9% 9. 0.04% 10. 307.7% original amount
11. 57.1% 12. 57.6% 13. 0.08 14. 0.124 15. 1.45 7. percent of change = 0.17
1.29
8. 0.132 9. 13.2% 10. 13.2%
16. 0.0007 17. 0.075 18. 0.1525 19. 35 20. 20
1 11. $.17 12. 18%
7 8 1
21. 20 22. 25 23. 125 24. 125 25. 26.
27. 28. 5% Practice 6-9
1. $34.50 2. $30.13 3. 104.40 4. $.98 5. $43.50
Guided Problem Solving 6-5 6. $540.00 7. $9.63 8. $37.50 9. $314.50 10. $271.98
11. $24.04 12. $886.80 13.a. $26.60 b. $6.65
1. 32 questions 2. 45 questions 3. 70% 4. find out whether c. $19.95 d. $5.95 e. 42.5%
Jeanette passed the test and justify the answer 5. 32 6. 0.71
45
70 Pre-Algebra All-In-One Answers Version A
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version A (continued)
Guided Problem Solving 6-9 5. approximately equal to 6. because the number is rounded
7. This denotes that the answer has been rounded.
1. $25.95 2. 20% 3. $29.50 4. 30% 5. which store has
the lower price and how much lower it is 6. 0.20 7. $5.19
8. $20.76 9. $20.65 10. Store B; $.11 11. Store A: $20.76; 6C: Reading/Writing Math Symbols
Store B: $20.65; Store B 12. Tate; $.10 1. The expression 3 - 2 simplifies to 1 while 2 - 3 simplifies
to -1. 2. (2, -3) is an ordered pair showing a point in
Practice 6-10 Quadrant IV while (-3, 2) describes a point in Quadrant II.
3. 23 means 2 ? 2 ? 2 which is 8 while 32 means 3 ? 3 which
1. $10,625; $9,031.25; $7,676.56; $6,525.08
2. $115, $110, $105, $100, $95; Marcus bought 3 videotapes is 9. 4. 3 miles per hour is a rate in which an object travels a
and 3 CDs 3. 6 fizzes 4. 13 ways 5. 226; 244; 264; 285 distance of 3 miles in one hour. 3 hours per mile is a rate in
6. 12 different sandwiches 7. 1:00 P.M. which an object travels 1 mile in 3 hours 5. The expression
2
2 3 simplifies to 3 while 3 2 simplifies to 1.5. 6. The
Guided Problem Solving 6-10 inequality 2 , 3 states that 2 is less than 3, which is true but
3 , 2 is false since 3 is greater than 2. 7. 3 snacks for
1. $4 2. $6 3. $26 4. all the possible numbers of adults
6 people means that there is one snack for every two people.
and children in the family
All rights reserved.
6 snacks for 3 people means that there are two snacks for
5. Number of Adults Number of Children Total Admission every person. 8. 1 : 2 can be written 12 and 2 : 1 can be written
$6 Each $4 Each Charge as 2. These are obviously different ratios 9. PQR and
1 1 $10 PRQ are different angles with different vertices.
1 2 $14
1 3 $18
1 4 $22 6D: Visual Vocabulary Practice/High-Use
1 5 $26 Academic Words
2 1 $16
1. rule 2. equivalent 3. list 4. pattern 5. analyze
2 2 $20
6. order 7. common 8. property 9. graph
2 3 $24
2 4 $28
3 1 $22 6E: Vocabulary Check
3 2 $26 Rate: A ratio that compares quantities measured in different
4 1 $28 units.
5 1 $34 Unit rate: A rate that has a denominator of 1.
Commission: Pay that is equal to a percent of sales.
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6. 1 adult, 5 children; 3 adults, 2 children 7. $26
8. 1 hand towel, 3 bath towels; 4 hand towels, 1 bath towel Markup: The amount of increase in price.
Discount: The amount by which a price is decreased.
6A: Graphic Organizer
1. Ratios, Proportions, and Percents 2. Answers may vary. 6F: Vocabulary Review Puzzle
Sample: ratios, proportions, similar figures, probability 1. proportion 2. outcome 3. discount 4. complement
3. Make a Table 4. Check students’ work. Chapter: Ratios, 5. percent 6. event 7. rate 8. commission 9. odds
Proportions, and Percents; Ratios and Unit Rates: simplify 10. ratio 12. markup
ratios; Proportions: solve proportions; Similar Figures and E D I S C O U N T M O P E
Scale Drawings: solve problems involving similar figures; M M O E N R T R A M D T R
Probability: find probability and odds; Fractions, Decimals, and
S S R O A N E P M T D N I
Percents: write percents as fractions and decimals; Proportions
and Percents: find a percent; Percents and Equations: write E C A D R A T E O O S E O
and solve percent equations; Percent of Change: find percent C I T T P E R C E N T M U
of increase; Markup and Discount: find markups; Make a E C I P N O I A E U N E M
Table: organize work in a table P P O S O E A T T N T L N
E P R O P O R T I O N P E
6B: Reading Comprehension C M S T R N M C P A E M C
1. writing a proportion and solving it 2. a statement of O T O U T C O M E R V O O
equality between two ratios 3. The cross products of a C O M M I S S I O N E C E
proportion are equal. In this proportion, 7 ? 100 is equal to C N O V M A R K U P N C O
23 ? c. 4. To isolate the variable, you divide 23c by 23, and
R N T T U E U U C P P K T
you must do the same to the other side of the equation.
All-In-One Answers Version A Pre-Algebra
71
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version A (continued)
Chapter 7 Practice 7-4
1. 4p 1 0.16 5 3.32; p 5 0.79; one pen costs $.79.
2. 0.10(n 1 3) 1 0.25n 5 $1.70; n 5 4; Arnold had
Practice 7-1 7 dimes and 4 quarters. 3. 3.2 1 0.17w 5 5.75; w 5 15;
1. x 5 12 2. m 5 6 3. k 5 15 4. h 5 24 she was 15 weeks old. 4. 4(v 1 6) 1 18v 5 134; v 5 5;
5. n 5 7 6. y 5 42 7. k 5 9 8. t 5 18 there were 11 cars and 5 trucks. 5. 6(k 1 3) 5 48; k 5 5
9. v 5 232 10. f 5 3 11. p 5 3 12. k 5 12 6. c 1 (c 1 1) 5 1.10; c 5 0.05; the bottle cost $1.05 and
13. m 5 21 14. v 5 3 15. x 5 230 the cap costs $.05. 7. 2 Q 2 1 12 l 1 l R 5 40; l 5 12; the
16. r 5 4 17. C; p 5 9; it will take her 9 days.
length is 12 and the width is 8.
18. 6w 1 46 5 73; w 5 4.5; she earned $4.50 an hour.
19. b ? 134 1 112 5 634 ; b 5 3; you made 3 batches of nut
bread. Guided Problem Solving 7-4
1. $7.50/h 2. $11.25/h 3. the number of overtime hours Lamar
worked last week 4. $339.38 5. how many overtime hours
Guided Problem Solving 7-1 Lamar worked last week 6. 7.5 ? 40 + 11.25 ? n = 339.38
1. w represents number of weeks 2. the number of weeks 7. 300 + 11.25n = 339.38 8. 300 9. 11.25 10. 3.5
All rights reserved.
it will take Carmela to save enough to buy the camera 11. 3.5 h 12. 339.38 13. $9/h
3. 24 4. 15w = 225 5. 15 6. 15 weeks
7. yes; (15 3 15) + 24 = 249 8. 13 weeks
Practice 7-5
1. k 5 8 2. e 5 18 3. n 5 211 4. x 5 214
Practice 7-2 5. h 5 25 6. n 5 1 7. p 5 8 8. m 5 24
1. p 5 15 2. n 5 10 3. k 5 29 4. h 5 2 9. y 5 12 10. x 5 21 11. k 5 15 12. t 5 24
5. n 5 5 6. x 5 29 7. p 5 2 8. y 5 12 13. x 5 1613 14. m 5 217 15. x 5 7 16. k 5 6
2
9. e 5 21 10. x 5 12 11. n 5 22 17. m 5 4 18. p 5 29 19. 2n 2 (n 2 7) 5 12;
12. y 5 30 13. n 1 (n 1 1) 1 (n 1 2) 5 51; 16, 17, n 5 5 20. 3n 2 4 5 2n 1 3; n 5 7
18 14. n 1 (n 1 1) 1 (n 1 2) 5 215; 6, 5, 4
15. n 1 (n 1 1) 1 (n 1 2) 1 (n 1 3) 5 30; 6, 7, 8, 9
16. 5h 1 4(h 1 3) 5 66; $6/h Guided Problem Solving 7-5
1. the monthly fee and the per minute charge for local
calls charged by each company 2. the number of minutes of
Guided Problem Solving 7-2 local calls for which the cost of the plans is the same
1. m represents the number of marbles Jasmine has 3. 27.95 + 0.12m 4. 12.95 + 0.32m 5. m = 75
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
2. the number of marbles Bill has and the number of marbles 6. 75 minutes 7. You set the expressions equal because
Jasmine has 3. m and 2m 4. 3m + 4 = 94 5. 3m = 90 they represent the costs of the plans and you want to find the
6. m = 30 7. 30 8. 64 9. 64 marbles 10. 94, yes number of minutes for which the costs of the plans is equal.
11. Jake has 11 rare stamps. Tanya has 32 rare stamps. 8. 5 DVDs
Practice 7-3 Practice 7-6
1. n 5 2 2. p 5 2.5 3. k 5 23.5 1. x # 3,
4. h 5 1212 5. n 5 8.4 6. y 5 4 7. y 5 12 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
8. m 5 7 9. h 5 3 10. p 5 8.7 11. w 5 2.4 2. x $ 2,
12. f 5 6.8 13. k 5 9.4 14. e 5 237 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
15. x 5 25.6 16. x 5 25.9 3. x , 21,
17. 3x 1 2(x 2 3) 5 91.50; $19.50 and $16.50 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
18. 29 1 0.08m 5 46.12; m 5 214 miles 4. x $ 3,
19. 6 20. 100 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
5. x . 22,
Guided Problem Solving 7-3 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
1. the original cost of the shoes 2. the amount off the 6. x , 0,
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
original cost of the shoes 3. 3 c = 49.95 4. Find the
4 7. x . 3 8. x # 5 9. x . 4 10. x , 1
reciprocal of 3 and multiply both sides by that number. 5. 4 11. x , 5 12. x , 27 13. x . 245
4 3
6. c = 66.60 7. $66.60 8. The sale price of the shoes is 14. x # 10 15. 12 n 1 9 # 28; n # 234
equal to the original price minus the discount. 9. $79.50
16. 55h , 385; h , 7; she drove less than 7 h.
72 Pre-Algebra All-In-One Answers Version A
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version A (continued)
Guided Problem Solving 7-6 given variable; Simple and Compound Interest: solve simple
interest problems
1. the farthest you can go in the taxi for at most $10
2. the initial charge, $2; the rate per mile, $1.25, and the tip, $1
3. 2 + 1.25m + 1, or 3 + 1.25m 4. 3 + 1.25m # 10 7B: Reading Comprehension
5. m # 5.6 6. 5.6 miles 7. You cannot spend more than $10, 1. x 2. x = ___ 3. Check that the solution you found makes
so the cost has to be less than or equal to 10. 8. A taxi ride the equation true. Do this by substituting the value for the
of 5.7 miles will cost $10.13, which is more than $10. This variable. 4. Distributive Property 5. Commutative Property
supports the answer that 5.6 miles is the farthest you can go of Addition 6. Zero is the Identity Element for Addition.
for at most $10. 9. 4 toppings 7. division by -5 8. In the last line, the two sides are clearly
equal. You have answered the Check question.
Practice 7-7
c
1. p 5 1.06 2. $35 3. $9.99 4. $9.39 5. h 5 2A
b
7C: Reading/Writing Math Symbols
6. b 5 2A 7. 6 cm 8. 9 ft 9. w 5 3V ab 1. is approximately equal to 2. percent 3. triangle 4. the
h lh 10. c 5 a 1 b
probability of 5. is not equal to 6. may or may not be equal
to (used to test equality) 7. is similar to 8. represents or is
Guided Problem Solving 7-7
All rights reserved.
proportional to (used to show scale) 9. less than 10. greater
1. N is the number of bricks, L is the length of the wall, and than the point that is circled 11. greater than or equal to
H is the height of the wall. 2. Solve the formula for H. 12. absolute value 13. divide 14. multiply 15. repeating
3. the height of a wall that is 18 feet long and made with decimal
1,134
1,134 bricks 4. 7L 5. H = N 6. H = ,H=9
7L 7(18)
7. 9 ft 8. so you could use the formula to find the answer to 7D: Visual Vocabulary Practice
part (b) 9. The equation is true for the substituted values, 1. consecutive integers 2. compound inequality 3. area
so the answer checks. 10. s = P , 68 feet formula 4. perimeter formula 5. two-step inequality
4 6. proportion 7. variable 8. least common multiple
9. inequality
Practice 7-8
1. $490.02 2. $12,410.63 3. $1,298.92 4. $71,288.04
5. $135 6. $50.55 7. $300, $5,300; $5,300, $318, $5,618;
7E: Vocabulary Check
$5,618, $337.08, $5,955.08; $5,955.08, $357.30, $6,312.38 Principal: The initial amount of an investment or loan.
8. $216, $7,416; $7,416, $222.48, $7,638.48; $7,638.48, $229.15, Interest: An amount paid for the use of money.
$7,867.63; $7,867.63, $236.03, $8,103.66 Interest rate: The percentage of the balance that an account
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
or investment earns in a fixed period of time.
Simple interest: Interest paid only on the principal.
Guided Problem Solving 7-8 Compound interest: Interest paid on both the principal and
1. $600 2. 3 years 3. 8% annual interest compounded the interest earned in previous interest periods.
quarterly 4. the quarterly interest rate 5. the number of
payment periods 6. the balance in the account 7. 2%
8. 12 payment periods 9. B = 600(1 + 0.02)12 10. 760.95
7F: Vocabulary Review
11. $760.95 12. 600 13. a. 3% b. 10 payment periods 1. Simple interest is interest paid only on the principal, while
c. $671.96 compound interest is interest paid on the principal and on the
interest the account has earned. 2. Principal is the amount
originally deposited or invested. Interest is the amount that
7A: Graphic Organizer the principal earns because the institution is paying for use of
1. Solving Equations and Inequalities 2. Answers may vary. that money. 3. Consecutive even integers are integers that
Sample: solving multi-step equations, solving two-step you get by starting with an integer that is divisible by two (or
inequalities, transforming formulas, simple and compound even) and counting by twos. To get consecutive odd integers,
interest 3. Write an Equation 4. Check students’ work. you start with an odd integer (not divisible by two) and count
Chapter: Solving Equations and Inequalities; Solving Two-Step by twos. 4. An equation is a mathematical sentence with an
Equations: solve two-step equations; Solving Multi-Step equal sign, and an expression is a mathematical phrase without
Equations: combine like terms; Multi-Step Equations With an equal sign 5. The interest rate is the percent of interest
Fractions and Decimals: solve equations with fractions; Write paid per year, while the interest is the amount of money paid.
an Equation: change the words into math; Solving Equations 6. A ratio is the quotient of two numbers, while a proportion
With Variables on Both Sides: solve equations with variables is the statement that two ratios are equal.
on both sides; Solving Two-Step Inequalities: solve two-step
inequalities; Transforming Formulas: solve a formula for a
All-In-One Answers Version A Pre-Algebra
73
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version A (continued)
8.
Chapter 8 8
y
(2, 5)
4 (5, 3)
Practice 8-1 x
1. y No; a pencil held 8 4 O 8
(4,1)
4 vertically would pass
4
through both (1, 4) (1,4)
2 and (1, 2). 8
x Yes; the relation is a function because it passes the vertical-
4 2 O 2 4 line test.
2
Practice 8-2
4
1. 5x 2 4 2. 12x 1 1 3. 4x 1 7 4. 2x 1 2
3
2. Yes; a pencil held 5. 2 13x 2 3 6. 2 25x 1 4
All rights reserved.
y
4 vertically would not 7. y
pass through any two 4
2 points.
2
x
4 2 O 2 4 x
4 2 O 2 4
2
2
4
4
3. {7, 8, 5, 9}, {2, 7, 1} Yes; there is one range value for
each domain value. 4. {8, 10, 5}, {0, 6, 2, 7} No; there 8. y
are two range values for the domain value 10. 5. {9.2, 3.6, 4
5.2}, {4.7, 4.8} Yes; there is one range value for each domain
value. 6. Yes; there is one time for each speed. 2
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
x
Guided Problem Solving 8-1 4 2 O 2 4
1. {(–5, 6), (–2, 3), (3, 3), (4, 6)} 2. Graph the relation
2
and explain whether it is a function.
3. y
(5, 6)
8 (4, 6) 4
4
(2, 3) (3, 3) 9. 23x 2 2; y
x 4
8 4 4 8
4 2
8 x
4 2 O 2 4
4. the vertical-line test
5. No; the line of the pencil never passes through more than 2
one point of the graph. This tells you that the relation is a
function. 6. Yes; the relation is a function because no vertical 4
line passes through two points on the graph. 7. Yes; it tells
you that the relation is a function.
74 Pre-Algebra All-In-One Answers Version A
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version A (continued)
10. 2x; y Practice 8-4
4
1. y 5 254 x 1 2 2. y 5 2x 2 4 3. f(x) 5 26x
2 4. f(x) 5 x 2 7 5. f(x) 5 3x 2 8
z
6. f(x) 5 12 x 1 6 7. p(z) 5 16 8. s(c) 5 1.45c
x
4 2 O
9. m(r) 5 2r 1 7
2 4
2
Guided Problem Solving 8-4
4 1. perimeter 2. the length of one side of a square
3. Write a rule to express p(s) as a function of s.
4. Use the function from part (a) to find the perimeter of a
11. no 12. yes 13. yes 14. no 15. yes 16. yes
square with side length 7 cm. 5. Perimeter is the distance
around a figure. 6. four 7. p(s) = 4s 8. p(7) = (4)(7)
Guided Problem Solving 8-2 9. 28 10. 28 cm 11. 28 cm 12. a(s) = s2; 16 cm2
1. the number of miles 2. the amount of time in hours
All rights reserved.
3. d = 55t 4. about how many hours José spends driving Practice 8-5
100 mi 5. 100 = 55t 6. 55 7. about 1.8 8. 1.8 h 9. 99 mi
1. 1,000
10. $97.50
Units of CDs Shipped
800
Practice 8-3
(millions)
2
1. 5 2. undefined 3. 0 4. 2 18 600
5. y 5 5x 2 6, 5, 6 6. y 5 2 72x 1 5, 2 72, 5
4
400
7. 0 8. 3 9. y
4 200
2 0
0
4
95
96
199
199
199
199
199
x
19
19
4 2 O 2 4
Year
2
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
2. 500
4
Shipped (millions)
Units of Cassetes
400
10. y 300
4
200
2
x 100
4 2 O 2 4
2 0
90
91
92
93
94
6
199
199
19
19
19
19
19
4
Year
Guided Problem Solving 8-3
1. the slope of the line 2. (-5, 2), (1, 0), (-2, 1), and (4, -1)
difference in y-coordinates
3. slope 5 difference in x-coordinates 4. Sample:
022 5. 22 6. 2 31 7. 2 31 8. 23
1 2 (25) 6
All-In-One Answers Version A Pre-Algebra
75
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version A (continued)
3. 12 Practice 8-6
10 1–2. Giraffe Height
Shipped (millions)
y
Units of LPs
8
6
18
4
Height (ft)
14
2
10
0
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
6
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
Year
2 x
4. positive correlation 5. negative correlation
6. no correlation 2 4 6 8 10
All rights reserved.
0
Age (yrs)
Guided Problem Solving 8-5
1. Make a scatter plot for calories and grams of protein using 3. y 5 32x 1 1 4.a. 812 ft b. 10 yrs
the data in the table. 2. calories 3. grams of protein 5–6. Hippopotamus Weight
4–5. y
35
Grams of Protein
30 5000
25
20 4000
Weight (lb)
15
10 3000
5
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 2000
Calories
6–7. Grams of Protein and Calories 1000
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
x
35
0 1 2 3 4 5
Grams of Protein
30
25 Age (yrs)
20
7. y 5 600x 1 100 8.a. 4,900 lb b. 13 yrs
15
9. Sample answer is shown: No; the hippo will not continue to
10
gain weight indefinitely.
5
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600
Calories Guided Problem Solving 8-6
1. dollars spent, gallons bought 2. the number of gallons
8.
100 bought for $15
90 3. 10
80 9
8
Gallons Bought
Minutes Studied
70 7
Number of
60 6
5
50 4
40 3
2
30 1
20 O 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
10 Dollars Spent
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Score on Test
76 Pre-Algebra All-In-One Answers Version A
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version A (continued)
4. 10 Answers may vary. 7. (2, 0); y
9
8 4
Gallons Bought 7
6
5 2
4
3
2
x
1 4 2 O 2 4
O 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Dollars Spent 2
5. Answers may vary. Sample: 8.4 6. Answers may vary. 4
Sample: 8.4 gallons 7. Answers may vary. Sample: 8.1.
8. $2.00
8. x 1 y 5 3; x 2 y 5 1; (2, 1); 2 and 1
$1.80
Cost of Phone Call
$1.60
$1.40
y
$1.20 Answers may vary. 4
$1.00
$0.80
Sample: $1.30
$0.60 2
All rights reserved.
$0.40
$0.20
x
O 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Length of Call (min) 4 2 O 2 4
2
Practice 8-7
1. yes 2. no 3. yes 4
4. (1, 2); y
4
2
Guided Problem Solving 8-7
1. 11 animals 2. 38 legs 3. the number of chickens
x 4. the number of cows 5. Find how many of each kind of
4 2 O 2 4 animal is in the barnyard. 6. 2 legs; 4 legs 7. 2x 8. 4y
2 9. 2x + 4y = 38 10. x + y = 11
11. y
8 2x 4y 38
4
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
4
x y 11
5. (1, 1); y 8 4 O 4 8
x
4 4
8
2
x 12. (3, 8) 13. 3 chickens and 8 cows 14. Yes.
4 2 O 2 4 15. There are 5 bicycles and 2 cars.
2
Practice 8-8
4 1. y
4
6. (1, 2); y
4 2
x
2
4 2 O 2 4
x
2
4 2 O 2 4
2 4
4
All-In-One Answers Version A Pre-Algebra
77
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version A (continued)
2. y Guided Problem Solving 8-8
4 1. One number is greater than or equal to three times
another number. 2. Find all such pairs of numbers. Graph
2 a linear inequality to show all of the solutions. 3. y $ 3x
x 4. y = 3x
4 2 O 2 4 5. 4
y
2 2
x
4 2 O 2 4
4
4
3. y
4 6. true
7. Sample: True for (0, 2). Shade the region containing (0, 2).
2 y
4
x
All rights reserved.
2
4 2 O 2 4 x
4 2 O 2 4
2
4
4
8. Sample: False for (2, 0). This supports
4. y your shading of the other region.
4 9. y 2x + 3
y
2 4
2
x
4 2 O 2 4 4 2 O 2 4
x
2
2
4
4
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
5. y 8A: Graphic Organizer
4
1. Linear Functions and Graphing 2. Answers may vary.
Sample: slope and y-intercept, rules for linear functions,
2
scatter plots, graphing linear inequalities 3. Solve by
x Graphing 4. Check students’ work. Chapter: Linear
4 2 O 2 4 Functions and Graphing; Relations and Functions: graph
relations and functions; Equations With Two Variables: graph
2 linear equations with two variables; Slope and y-intercept: find
the slope of a line; Writing Rules for Linear Functions: write
4 a function rule; Scatter Plots: draw scatter plots; Solve by
Graphing: draw a trend line; Solving Systems of Linear
6. y Equations: solve systems of equations; Graphing Linear
4 Inequalities: graph linear inequalities
2
8B: Reading Comprehension
x 1. x 2. y 3. arrows on the ends 4. (0, 3) 5. (6, 0)
4 2 O 2 4 6. (-2, 4) 7. a.
2
8C: Reading/Writing Math Symbols
4 1. These symbols show a relation consisting of the three
ordered pairs (2, 3), (2, 4), and (4, 3). 2. These symbols show
7. yes 8. no 9. no 10. yes a function (or a relation) consisting of the four ordered pairs
78 Pre-Algebra All-In-One Answers Version A
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version A (continued)
(0, 1), (1, 2), (2, 2), and (3, 4). 3. The arrowheads mean that Guided Problem Solving 9-2
the line extends forever in both directions. 4. f of x or
1. It is given that a is parallel to b. The measures of two angles
function of x; f(x) represents the output of a function and is
are also represented. 2. the measures of /1 and /2
sometimes used in place of y in a function rule. 5. the slope
3. a transversal 4. /1 and /2 are corresponding angles.
of the line 6. the y-intercept of the line
5. They are corresponding angles. 6. Corresponding angles
are congruent. 7. 4n = n + 90 8. 30 9. 120, 120
8D: Visual Vocabulary Practice 10. They are supplementary. 11. You can subtract 120 from
1. linear equation 2. slope 3. slope-intercept form 180 to find the measure of /1. 12. They are supplementary.
4. function notation 5. scatter plot 6. positive correlation 13. You can subtract 120 from 180 to find the measure of /2.
7. negative correlation 8. trend line 9. linear inequality 14. m/1 = 60 and m/2 = 60 15. 4n + 60 = 180; 30
16. m/1 = 110º and m/2 = 70º
8E: Vocabulary Check
Domain: The set of first coordinates of the ordered pairs of Practice 9-3
the relation. 1. rectangle, square 2. parallelogram, rectangle, rhombus,
Range: The set of second coordinates of the ordered pairs of square 3. trapezoid, parallelogram, rectangle, rhombus,
All rights reserved.
a relation. square 4. obtuse scalene 5. right scalene
Function: A relationship in which each member of the 6. acute equilateral 7. obtuse isosceles 8. 12x, 111 cm
domain is paired with exactly one member of the range. 9. 4x, 7 yd 10. 2x 1 2y, 32 m
Slope: A ratio that describes the tilt of a line.
Correlation: A relation between two sets of data. Guided Problem Solving 9-3
1. pentagonal-shaped 2. 921 ft 3. Write a formula for the
8F: Vocabulary Review Puzzle perimeter of a regular pentagon in terms of the length of a
ACROSS side and use it to find the perimeter of the Pentagon.
1. range 2. solution 5. trend 6. domain 7. negative 4. 5 5. P = 5x 6. P = 5(921) 7. 4,605 ft 8. 4,605 ft
DOWN 9. P = 6x; 48 ft
1. relation 3. function 4. positive
Practice 9-4
Chapter 9 1. 2 2. square, rectangle, isosceles trapezoid
n(n 2 3)
3. 3, 0, 0; 4, 1, 2; 5, 2, 5; 6, 3, 9; 8, 5, 20; n, n 2 3, 2 ;
n(n 2 3)
Practice 9-1 4. Aquia 5. She is 3 miles west of
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
2
the post office.
1. BC , BF , AE , AD 2. DC , EF , GH 3. DH , FG ,
EH , CG 4. A, B, C, P, N 5. AP , PC , AC , NP , PB ,
) ) ) ) ) * )* ) Guided Problem Solving 9-4
NB 6. PA , PC , PB , PN , NB 7. AC , NB
* )* )* )* )* )* ) 1. 25 students 2. 10 students 3. 12 students 4. 5 students
8. NB , BN , PN , NP , BP , PB
9. 3n 1 5 5 5n 2 3, 4, 12, 17 5. the number of students in the math class who are members
10. 6x 1 7 1 4 1 2x 1 5 5 3x 1 11, 1, 3, 8 of neither math club nor band
6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Guided Problem Solving 9-1 7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
1. Tell whether each pair of streets is parallel or intersecting. 8. 8 students 9. 8 students
2. Two lines are intersecting if they share exactly one point. 10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
3. Two lines that do not intersect are parallel. 4. yes;
intersecting 5. b. intersecting; c. parallel; d. parallel;
e. intersecting 6. No; the streets may extend beyond the
map. Some streets do not actually intersect on the map shown
but would intersect if they were extended (for example, N.W. Soccer Science Club
Highway and Main Street). 7. a. intersecting; b. parallel; 5 students
c. intersecting
Practice 9-5
Practice 9-2 1. RS 2. MH 3. /H 4. /A 5. MG
1. 34 2. 56 3. 56 4. 146 6. /G 7. 70 8. 65 9. /B > /D , BC > DC ,
5. (3x 2 14) 1 (2x 1 9) 5 90 6. x 5 19 7. 43 /ACB > /ECD , nABC > nECD , ASA
8. 47 9. 5x 2 18 5 4x 1 7 10. x 5 25 11. 107 10. JK > JM , LK > LM , JL > JL ,
12. 73 13. 62, 118 14. 148, 32 15. 51 and 39 nJKL > nJML , SSS 11. EW 12. /T
All-In-One Answers Version A Pre-Algebra
79
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version A (continued)
13. /WEB 14. TH 15. PH 16. /EBL Practice 9-7
17. ASA; x 5 24, y 5 30, z 5 97 1. 2. 3.
M P
K
Guided Problem Solving 9-5 4.
P
1. List the congruent corresponding parts of the two
triangles and write a congruence statement for the triangles. D
2. KM > JM, ML > ML 3. /KML > /JML 5.
Q R S
4. nKML > nJML 5. Side-Angle-Side, or SAS
6. Check students’ work. 7. /DCE > /BCA, CD > CB, 6.
/EDC > /ABC; nABC > nEDC by ASA
T U
E F
Practice 9-6
J
1. 144 2. 108 3. 54 4. 36 5. 18
6. 7.
Voter Preference for Senator
All rights reserved.
Miller
5% X
Thomson
10%
W Y
8. It seems to be a right angle.
Peterson
40%
Guided
h
Problem Solving 9-7
Gomez Washington 1. YN 2. 55º 3. the measure of /XYZ
15% 30%
4.
X N
7. 750 8. 81.012 m 9. 57.148 cm
10. 1.7584 km 11. 43.96 ft 12. 15.7 in.
13. 5.495 in. Y Z
5. It divides the angle into two congruent angles.
Guided Problem Solving 9-6 6. 55º 7. 110º 8. 55º 9. 8 mm
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1. The data show how a group of students travel to school
each day. 2. Draw a circle graph for the data.
55 , 80 , 110 , 40 , 15
Practice 9-8
3. 300 students 4. 300 300 300 300 300 1. (x 1 4, y 2 3) 2. (x 2 2, y 2 2)
5. Walk 66º, Bicycle 96º, Bus 132º, Car 48º, Other 18º 3. (x 1 3, y 1 1) 4. (x, y 1 2)
6. 5. G y 6. L y
Bus 4 4
H
132° G
2 K L
2
Bike Other H
96° Car
18° J x 4 2 x
Walk 48° 4 2 O 2 4 M K 2 4
66° 2 2
J
4 4 M
7. Yes; the sizes of the sections of the circle graph match the
sizes of the groups from largest to smallest. 7. (x 2 7, y 1 3) 8. (x 2 2, y 2 8)
8.
Math
Science
86°
58° Guided Problem Solving 9-8
1. (2, 5) 2. 2 units to the right and 6 units up
Art 3. 4 units to the left and 1 unit down 4. the coordinates
Reading
72°
101° of the image of T9
History
43°
80 Pre-Algebra All-In-One Answers Version A
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version A (continued)
5. 12
y 6. 12
y T(4, 11) 5. W
y
4
Y X
8 8
T(2, 5)
2 y=2
4 4 x
T(2, 5) Y X
4 2 O 2 4
8 4 O 4 8x 8 4 O 4 8x W
2
4 4
4
7. 12
y T(4, 11) 6. Check students’ work.
(0, 10) 7. 4
y
8
4 2
T(2, 5) K
J L x
8 4 O 4 8x 4 2 O 2 4
4 2 y=2
J L
4
8. (0, 10) 9. (2 units left, 5 units up) 10. (0, 10) 11. (3, 6) K
All rights reserved.
Practice 9-9 Practice 9-10
1. y 2. y 1. no 2. yes; 180 3. yes; 90
4 4 4. 5.
A A K C y A T y
L 4 4
2 2 S
B B J C U
x x 2 2
S
4 2 O 2 4 4 2 O 2 4 A B B x x
2 2 4 2 O 2 4 4 O 2 4
C C J C T U
B2 2
4 4 L S
D D K
4 4
T
A(1, 3), B(4, 1), J(2, 3), A U
C(3, 2), D(2, 4) K(1, 5), L(4, 4) A(4, 1), B(1, 1), S(3, 2), T(4, 2),
3. 4. C(2, 4), A(1, 4), U(2, 4),
B(1, 1), C(4, 2) S(2, 3), T(2, 4)
U(4, 2),
6. (y, x) 7. (x, y)
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
Guided Problem Solving 9-10
1. (0, 0), (2, 5), and (1, -5) 2. 90º 3. 180º 4. (1, 1)
5. Graph the triangle and its image after a rotation of 90º
5. 6. no 7. yes
and after a rotation of 180º about the (1, 1).
8. yes
6. W(2, 5)
y
4
2
V(0, 0)
4 2 O 2 4x
2
4
X(1, 5)
Guided Problem Solving 9-9
1. Graph nWXY. 2. y = 2 7. The y-axis of the graph on the tracing paper will line up
3. 4
y 4. 4
y with the x-axis of the original graph, and vice versa.
8. y X W 9. y X W
2 2 y=2
4 4
Y(5, 0) X(0, 0) x Y X x
4 2 O 2 4 4 2 O 2 4 W 2 2 V
W(1, 1) W
2 2 X V
4 2 O V 2 4x 4 2 O V 2 4x
4 4
2 2
W X
All-In-One Answers Version A Pre-Algebra
81
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version A (continued)
10. C(1, 5) C
9F: Vocabulary Review
y y
4 4
1.
A
2 A
C
B A A B A
4 2 O B(0, 0) 4x 4 2 O B 2 4x
D
2 2 70° ABD and DBC
4 4
20° are complementary
C
B C
angles.
9A: Graphic Organizer 2. Line is parallel to
1. Spatial Thinking 2. Answers may vary. Sample: points, m line m.
lines, and planes; angles and parallel lines; polygons, rotations
3. Draw a Diagram 4. Check students’ work.
3. p Line p is
perpendicular
9B: Reading Comprehension to line t.
All rights reserved.
1. the definition, history, and kinds of geometry 2. measuring t
the earth, measuring pieces of land, astronomy, navigation
3. Stated assumptions, which consist of a set of undefined
terms and a set of statements about those terms, called
postulates or axioms, form the basis for new terms and
statements, called theorems, that are proved by the logical 4. 1 and 2 are
process of deduction. 4. plane and solid 1 2 vertical angles.
9C: Reading/Writing Math Symbols 5.
t
Line t is a transversal
1. /P > /Q 2. nMAN > nDOG 3. MA > DO of lines a and b.
4. P (1, -3) S P'(2, 1) 5. C = pd
6. 7. 8.
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
9.–14. C U b
R
6. W XYW and WYZ
T A F are supplementary
angles.
120° 60°
9D: Visual Vocabulary Practice/High-Use
X Y Z
Academic Words
1. formula 2. strategy 3. consecutive 4. table 5. simplify
6. correlation 7. test 8. solve 9. notation
Chapter 10
9E: Vocabulary Check
Circle: The set of all points in a plane that are equidistant Practice 10-1
from a given point, called the center. 1. 504 ft2 2. 117 m2 3. 25,000 cm2
Radius: A segment that has one endpoint at the center of the 4. 3,350 ft2 5. 1,275 m2
circle and the other endpoint on the circle.
Diameter: A chord that passes through the center of the
circle.
Circumference: The distance around a circle.
Chord: A segment whose endpoints are on the circle.
82 Pre-Algebra All-In-One Answers Version A
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version A (continued)
6. 6 units2 4p m2, but the circle with radius 4 m has an area of 16p m2.
y R S
4 9. Answers may vary. Sample: Yes; the 4 smaller circles fit in
the area of the larger circle. 10. Two circles each with radius
2 3 cm have a greater area. The total area of the two circles is
18p cm2 and the total area of three circles each with radius
P Q x 2 cm is 12p cm2.
4 2 O 2 4
2 Practice 10-4
1. square prism 2. hexagonal pyramid 3. pentagonal
4 prism 4. The bases are rectangles. rectangular prism
5. The base is a pentagon. pentagonal pyramid 6. The base
7. 20 units2 y is a circle. cone 7. The bases are hexagons. hexagonal prism
4 8. The bases are triangles. triangular prism 9. The base is a
J K rectangle. rectangular pyramid
2
Guided Problem Solving 10-4
All rights reserved.
x
4 2 O 2 4 1. a rectangular prism and a rectangular pyramid 2. Tell how
2 you can match each net with its name. 3. two; rectangular
4. 4; rectangular 5. rectangular 6. 4; triangular 7. Answers
M4 L may vary. Sample: It will have two rectangular bases with four
rectangular faces attached to them. 8. Answers may vary.
8. 324 in.2 Sample: It will have a rectangle for a base with four trianglular
faces attached to it. 9. Sample: The net for a rectangular
prism has two rectangular bases with four rectangular faces
Guided Problem Solving 10-1 attached to them. The net for a rectangular pyramid will have
1. Find the area of the figure. 2. 7 m 3. 4 m 4. A = bh one rectangular base with four triangular faces attached to it.
5. 28 m2 6. / = 3 m, w = 2 m 7. 6 m2 8. 22 9. 22 m2 10. Check students’ work. 11. The net for the triangular
10. 22 m2 11. 20 m2 prism will include rectangles, and the net for the triangular
pyramid will be made entirely of triangles.
Practice 10-2
1. 522 cm2 2. 975 in.2 3. 77 m2 4. 52.5 in.2 Practice 10-5
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
5. 255 cm2 6. 12.25 ft2 7. 504 m2 8. 54 ft2 9. 231 in.2 1. 500 in.2 2. 9,470.2 cm2 3. 480 mm2 4. 3,330 ft2
10. 108 in.2 11. 459 cm2 12. 165 ft2 13. 300 ft2 5. 356 m2 6. 1,092 in.2 7.a. $38 b. $1,260 c. $1,890
14. 144 m2 15. 12 cm d. $3,188
Guided Problem Solving 10-2 Guided Problem Solving 10-5
1. 50 in.2 2. 5 in. and 15 in. 3. the height of the trapezoid 1. 20 ft 2. 30 ft 3. cylindrical
4. A 5 21 h (b1 1 b2) 5. 50 5 21 h (5 1 15) 6. 50 5 10h 4. the area of the top and lateral surface of the water tank
5. 20 ft
7. 10 8. 5 in. 9. 50 in.2 10. 4 cm
Practice 10-3 30 ft
1. 49p m2, 153.9 m2 2. 81p cm2, 254.3 cm2
3. 441p m2, 1,384.7 m2 4. 1,225p km2, 3,846.5 km2
6. L.A. = 2prh 7. 3,768 ft2 8. B = pr2 9. 1,256 ft2
5. 121p cm2, 379.9 cm2 6. 625p ft2, 1,962.5 ft2 10. 5,024 ft2 11. 1,200p; 400p; 1,600p; 5,024 ft2
7. 12.25p mi2, 38.5 mi2 8. 6.25p in.2, 19.6 in.2 12. 4,474 ft2
9. 24.01p mm2, 75.4 mm2 10. 121.1 m2 11. 22.0 in.2
12. 21.5 ft2 13. 99.9 cm2 14. 78.5 m2
Practice 10-6
1. 283 cm2 2. 39 in.2 3. 1,280 m2 4. 1,017 ft2
Guided Problem Solving 10-3 5. 204 in.2 6. 1,520 cm2 7. 141 cm2 8. 553 ft2
1. 1 m 2. 4 m 3. Tell which has greater area, the four circles 9. 2,520 m2 10. 11,540 cm2 11.a. pyramid b. 34.4 in.2
with radius 1 m or the one circle with radius 4 m. 4. A=pr2
5. p m2 6. 4p m2 7. 16p m2 8. The circle with radius 4 m
has greater area because the four circles have a total area of
All-In-One Answers Version A Pre-Algebra
83
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version A (continued)
Guided Problem Solving 10-6 Guided Problem Solving 10-9
1. 3 ft 2. 8 ft 3. the surface area of the cone 1. 5 in. 2. 1.25 in. 3. how much frozen yogurt can be
4. packed into the cone 4. V 5 1 Bh 5. B = pr2
3
8 ft
6. V = 13 (3.14)(1.25)2(5) 7. about 8.2 8. about 8.2 in.3
9. You can think of the volume of an object as how much of
something it will hold. Since you want to find how much frozen
yogurt the cone can hold inside, you find its volume.
3 ft 10. 9.4 in.3
5. L.A. = p(3)(8) 6. 75.36 ft2 7. B = p(3)2 8. 28.26 ft2
9. about 104 ft2 10. 103.62 ft2 11. 81.64 m2 10A: Graphic Organizer
1. Area and Volume 2. Answers may vary. Sample: area,
Practice 10-7 space figures, surface area, volume 3. Make a Model
1. 628 m3 2. 1,408 cm3 3. 147,706 in.3 4. 726 in.3 4. Check students’ work.
5. 480 ft3 6. 25,434 cm3 7. 336 in.3 8. 11,078 in.3
9. 879 cm3 10. 74 ft3 11. 2,197 m3 12. 177 ft3
All rights reserved.
10B: Reading Comprehension
13. 8,139 m3 14. 192 ft3
1. triangle 2. triangle 3. trapezoid 4. right angle 5. right
angle 6. 9 cm 7. 4 cm 8. 6 cm 9. 4 cm 10. 15 cm
Guided Problem Solving 10-7 11. square centimeters 12. 30 cm2
1. 24 in. by 12 in. by 3 in. 2. the volume of the storage box
to the nearest cubic centimeter 3. 60.96 cm by 30.48 cm by 10C: Reading/Writing Math Symbols
7.62 cm 4. V = Bh 5. 1,858 cm2 6. V = (1,858)(7.62) 1. A 2. b 3. B 4. ft2 5. b1 + b2 6. C 7. r 8. p
7. 14,158 cm3 8. 14,161 cm3 9. 10,488 cm3 9. In b2, the 2 is an exponent that means to use the base, b,
as a factor 2 times. In b1 + b2, the 2 is a subscript and means
Practice 10-8 “the second base.” 10. You can eliminate B and D because
1.a. Answers may vary. b. A single loop results. these responses are not in ft2.
2.a. Answers may vary. b. parallelograms
3.a. Answers may vary. b. Lincoln is upright. 4. 222 cm2 10D: Visual Vocabulary Practice
1. surface area of a prism or cylinder 2. volume 3. pyramid
Guided Problem Solving 10-8 4. cylinder 5. volume of a cone or pyramid 6. prism
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1. 200 ft of fencing 2. rectangular 3. Tell the dimensions the 7. sphere 8. surface area 9. volume of a sphere
dog owner should use to enclose the greatest rectangular area
with the fencing. 4. P = 2/ 3 2w 5. 200 ft 6. A = /w 10E: Vocabulary Check
7. Length Width Area (ft2) Perimeter Prism: A space figure with two parallel and congruent
90 10 900 200 ft polygonal faces, called bases, and lateral faces that are
80 20 1,600 200 ft parallelograms.
70 30 2,100 200 ft Pyramid: A space figure with triangular faces that meet at a
60 40 2,400 200 ft vertex, and a base that is a polygon.
50 50 2,500 200 ft Cylinder: A space figure with two circular, parallel, and
40 60 2,400 200 ft congruent bases.
Cone: A space figure with one circular base and one vertex.
30 70 2,100 200 ft
Sphere: The set of points in space that are a given distance
8. 50 ft by 50 ft 9. Answers may vary. Sample: You will know from a point, called a center.
the dimensions give the greatest area when the area values in
the table start getting smaller as you continue to decrease the
length and increase the width. 10. 25 ft by 25 ft 10F: Vocabulary Review
1. vertex 2. base 3.
Practice 10-9 lateral
surface
lateral
surface
1. 3,052 ft3 2. 1,728 in.3 3. 1,272 in.3 4. 33 m3
base
5. 33 mm3 6. 5,572 cm3 7. 324 in.3 8. 1,005 cm3 base
9. 904 in.3 10.a. 7,234.56 in.3, 4,186.67 in.3, 2,143.57 in.3,
13,564.8 in.3 b. 6,048 in.2 c. about 214 in.
84 Pre-Algebra All-In-One Answers Version A
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version A
4. base 5. vertex 8. a2 = 112 9. 10.6 10. about 10.6 ft
11. 11 ft
lateral
surface lateral 12.
surface
base
base 20 ft
16 ft
6. Answers may vary. Sample:
12 ft
Practice 11-3
1. 4.5, (3, 8) 2. 5.4, Q 6, 212 R 3. 13, Q 212 , 6 R
Chapter 11 4. 11.7, (1, 2) 5. 5, Q 12 , 3 R 6. 9.8, Q 25, 312 R
7. 16.5 8. 17.2 9. 22.4 10. 23.8
Practice 11-1
All rights reserved.
1. 4 2. 5 3. 7 4. 3 5. 8 6. 9 7. 10 8. 7 9. 6
10. 12 11. 5 12. 30 13. 13 14. 10 15. 0.4
Guided Problem Solving 11-3
1. (3, 5) 2. (-6, 1) 3. the coordinates of B
16. 94 17. 52 18. 11
12 19. Rational 20. Rational
b 5. 1
x1 1 x2 y1 1 y2 x 1 x2
21. Irrational 22. Irrational 23. Rational 4. Ma 2
,
2 2
6. 3
24. Irrational 25. 4, 4 26. 7, 7 27. about 4 mi
28. 18 mi 29. about 25 mi 30. 1,080 mi x 1x 26 1 x2
7. 1 2 2 = 3 8. 2
= 3 9. 12
y 1y y 1y 11y
Guided Problem Solving 11-1 10. 1 2 2 11. 5 12. 1 2 2 = 5 13. 2 2 = 5
1. 81 cm2 2. the length of a side of the square 14. 9 15. (12, 9) 16. (3, 5) 17. (0, 4)
3. s = !81 4. 9 5. 9 cm 6. 81 cm2 7. 11 cm
Practice 11-2 Practice 11-4
x
1. yes, 202 1 212 0 292, 400 1 441 0 841, 841 5 841 Sample proportions are shown. 1. 17 5 28 , 4.25 m
x 49
2. no, 72 1 112 0 122, 49 1 121 0 144, 170 2 144 2. 60 5 32 x
48 , 40 in. 3. 12 5 21 , 28 ft
3. yes, 102 1 (2 !11) 2 0 122, 100 1 44 0 144, x 1 9 20 15
4. 9 5 15 , 3 cm 5. 24 5 x 1x 12 ; 20 ft
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144 5 144 4. yes, 282 1 452 0 532, 10.99
3
6. 4.77 5 x8 ; $12.72 7. 113.04 x
5 176.625 ; about $17.17
784 1 2,025 0 2,809, 2,809 5 2,809 5. no,
9 2 1 ( !10) 2 0 102, 81 1 10 0 100, 91 2 100
6. no, 102 1 152 0 202, 100 1 225 0 400, 325 2 400 Guided Problem Solving 11-4
7. x 5 8 cm 8. x 5 10 ft 9. x 5 10 mm 1. 2 2. They are right triangles that are similar.
10. x < 5.7 in. 11. x 5 11 m 12. x < 7.2 yd 3. The two legs of the smaller triangle are 4 yd and 6 yd.
13. 10.8 m 14. 29.4 in. 15. 21.2 cm 16. 38.5 ft 4. The two legs of the large triangle are x yd and 7 yd.
17. 500 ft 5. the distance x across a piece of land 6. 47 5 x6
7. 4x = 42 8. 4 9. 10.5 yd 10. Sample: The cross products
Guided Problem Solving 11-2 are equal, which proves that your answer is correct.
1. 11 ft; hypotenuse 2. 3 ft; a leg 3. how high on the house 11. 11.2 m
the ladder reaches; a leg
4.
house Practice 11-5
1. 14 !3, 28 2. 18, 18 !3 3. 9, 18 4. 5 !3, 10
5. 11, 11 !2 6. 8.7, 8.7 !2 7. 7, 7 8. 17, 17 !2
9. 45-45-90; Two sides are equal, and (3 !2) !2 5 6, so
the hypotenuse 5 leg ? !2. 10. Neither; The length of the
11 ft
x ft ladder
longest side is neither 2 times nor " 2 times the length of the
shortest side. 11. 6 12. 6 13. 3 !2 14. 3 !6
15. 28 1 14 !2 cm
3 ft ground
5. a + b = c2 6. a2 + 32 = 112
2 2 7. a2 + 9 = 121
All-In-One Answers Version A Pre-Algebra
85
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version (continued)
Guided Problem Solving 11-5 5.
1. square-shaped 2. string a rope diagonally across her 43°
square classroom for her students to hang their completed art 2,000 ft
projects 3. 20 ft 4. the minimum length of rope she can use d
5. 20 ft
d 6,000 ft
20 ft 20 ft
4,000 ft
20 ft
6. They are 90º right angles. 7. a 45º-45º-90º triangle
8. hypotenuse = leg ? !2 9. d = 20 !2, d = 28.28
10. about 28.3 ft 11. 28.3 ft 12. 14.14 ft
2,000
6. 2,000 ft 7. sine 8. sin 43º = d
9. d sin 43º = 2,000
Practice 11-6 2,000
10. d = sin 43º 11. about 2,932.6 ft 12. about 2,932.6 ft
All rights reserved.
1. 0.9397 2. 2.0503 3. 0.6561 4. 0.1405 13. about 1,059.2 ft
7 24 7
5. 0.9994 6. 0.6018 7. 25 8. 25 9. 24
24
10. 25 7
11. 25 12. 24 3 4 3 4
7 13. 5 14. 5 15. 4 16. 5
11A: Graphic Organizer
!3 1. Right Triangles in Algebra 2. Answers may vary. Sample:
17. 53 18. 43 19. !3
1 1
20. !2 21. 2 22. 12 23. 1
square roots, the Pythagorean Theorem, special right
24. 12 25. 1,368 ft triangles, angles of elevation and depression 3. Write a
Proportion 4. Check students’ work. Chapter: Right Triangles
Guided Problem Solving 11-6 in Algebra; Square Roots and Irrational Numbers: find square
1. 30º 2. 5,000 feet 3. how far the balloon travels to reach roots of numbers; The Pythagorean Theorem: use the
5,000 feet 4. Pythagorean Theorem; Distance and Midpoint Formulas: find
x the distance between two points; Write a Proportion: write a
5,000 ft proportion; Special Right Triangles: use the relationships in
30º special triangles; Sine, Cosine, and Tangent Ratios: find
trigonometric ratios; Angles of Elevation and Depression: find
5,000
5. sine 6. sin 30º = x 7. x(sin 30º) = 5,000 angles of elevation and depression
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
5,000
8. x = sin 30º 9. 10,000 10. 10,000 ft 11. 30º 11B: Reading Comprehension
12. 1. the distance between any two points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2)
2. the coordinates of the two points, or values for x1, y1, x2, y2
pole cable = 17.4 ft 3. subtraction 4. The small 2 in x2 is a subscript naming the x in
the second point; it does not affect the value of x. The small 2
55 that is written after the parentheses is an exponent that means to
10 ft find the product when the value in the parentheses is used as a
factor two times. 5. 4 6. 3 7. 16 8. 9 9. 25 10. 5 11. d = 5
Practice 11-7 12. No; the value of d if you found the square root of (x2 - x1)2
1. 14.3 mi 2. 85.7 m 3. 57.9 ft 4. 93.4 ft and of (y2 - y1)2 before you added would be 4 + 3 or 7.
5. about 17 m 6. about 28 yd 7. about 77 ft
11C: Reading/Writing Math Symbols
Guided Problem Solving 11-7 1. a. -9 b. 9 2. a. 2.2 b. -2.2 3. a. 4 b. 4
1. 6,000 ft 2. 43º 3. 4,000 ft 4. the distance from the first 4. a. 25 b. 11 5. a. "26 b. 6 6. 7 7. , since pi is
helicopter to the second along the line of sight only approximately equal to 3.14
11D: Visual Vocabulary Practice
1. legs 2. hypotenuse 3. Pythagorean theorem 4. distance
5. midpoint 6. sine 7. cosine 8. tangent 9. right triangle
86 Pre-Algebra All-In-One Answers Version A
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version A (continued)
11E: Vocabulary Check Guided Problem Solving 12-1
Square root: A number that when multiplied by itself equals 1. the number of World Series games played in each World
the given number. Series from 1970–2004 2. Make a frequency table and use it
Irrational number: A number whose decimal form neither to find the mode.
terminates nor repeats. 3.–4. Games in the World Series, 1970–2002
Trigonometry: A branch of mathematics involving triangle Number of Games Tally Frequency
measures. 0 1
Angle of elevation: An angle formed by a horizontal line 1 0
and a line of sight above it.
Angle of depression: An angle formed by a horizontal line 2 0
and a line of sight below it. 3 0
4 6
11F: Vocabulary Review Puzzle 5 6
1. PERFECT SQUARE 2. HYPOTENUSE 6 9
3. TANGENT 4. LEGS 5. ADJACENT
7 13
All rights reserved.
6. DEPRESSION 7. TRIGONOMETRIC
8. SQUARE ROOT 9. COSINE 5. 7 games 6. 199 games
10. TRIGONOMETRY 11. ELEVATION 12. SINE 7. Number of Hours Per Week Angela Practiced
Number of Hours Tally Frequency
0 4
Chapter 12 1 3
2 5
Practice 12-1 3 9
1. Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 4 7
Frequency 2 2 1 4 3 4 5 7
2. Number 1 2 3 4 The mode is 3 hours per week.
Frequency 4 2 4 1
3. 5 Practice 12-2
✗ ✗
✗ ✗ 5 1. 55 miles, 15 miles 2. 35 miles 3. 75%
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
✗ ✗ ✗ ✗
Frequency
4 4. 6 runners
✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗
3 5.
1 2 3 4 5 6 2 10 15 20 25 30
1
1 2 3 4 5 6 6.
Number 0 5 10 15
4. 5 ✗ ✗
✗ ✗ ✗ 5
✗ ✗ ✗ ✗
Frequency
4
✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ 7.
3
60 65 70 75 80 85 90
1 2 3 4 5 6 2
1
8.
1 2 3 4 5 6 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Number
5.
Pupils per 1st Set
14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
Teacher 2nd Set
Frequency 6 7 10 13 4 4 4 0
9.
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
22 23 24 Midwestern
States
0 0 2 Southern
6. 10 pupils per teacher States
All-In-One Answers Version A Pre-Algebra
87
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers (continued)
Guided Problem Solving 12-2 5. The differences seem much less.
1. the ages of U.S. Olympic soccer team players, both men and 6. U.S. Union Membership
women 2. Use the same number line to make two box-and- 20
Union Members (millions)
whisker plots. 3. Compare the two box-and-whisker plots 18
and draw conclusions. 4. 20, 20, 21, 21, 21, 21, 22, 22, 22, 22, 16
22, 22, 22, 22, 23, 23, 26, 26; 22; 21 and 22 5. 18, 19, 20, 21, 23, 14
23, 24, 24, 24, 25, 27, 27, 28, 30, 31, 31; 24; 22 and 27.5 12
6. Ages of U.S. Olympic Soccer Team Players 10
8
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34
6
7.–8. Ages of U.S. Olympic Soccer Team Players 4
2
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34
Men
0
19 0
40
19 0
60
19 0
80
90
3
7
19
19
19
19
Women
Year
All rights reserved.
9. Answers may vary. Sample: The men are all from 20 to 26 7. U.S. Union Membership
years old and half of them are aged 21 or 22. The women’s 20
Union Members (millions)
ages are much more spread out, ranging from 18 to 31. The 18
median age for women is two years greater than the median 16
age for men. 10. Sample: You can find which team’s (men’s 14
or women’s) players are older and which team’s players are 12
younger. You can find which team’s ages have a greater range. 10
You can also find which team has the youngest and oldest player. 8
11. a. 6
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
4
men 2
women 0
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
b. Answers may vary. Sample: The median age of the women
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
is two years younger than the men. The ages of the women are Year
more spread out than those of the men. 8. The horizontal scales are different.
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
Practice 12-3 Guided Problem Solving 12-3
1. birds 2. no 3. the break in the vertical axis 1. The average annual costs of college for 1980–1981, 1990–1991,
4. U.S. Endangered Species and 2000–2001. 2. Draw a line graph that gives the impression
80 that college costs gradually increased from 1980 to 2001.
Number of Species
70 6. Average Annual Tuition
60 and Fees for
50 Four-Year Public Colleges
40 $6,000
30 $5,000
Costs
$4,000
20 $3,000
10 $2,000
0 $1,000
Mammals Birds Fish 0
1980–1981
1990–1991
2000–2001
Group
Year
88 Pre-Algebra All-In-One Answers Version A
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version A (continued)
7. Answers may vary. Sample: You can make the costs of getting an apple drink before Mark affects the number of
college appear to rise gradually by labeling the vertical axis drinks in the refrigerator for Mark to get his drink from, but
with large intervals and making the spacing on the horizontal ot the number of grape drinks in the refrigerator. 11. 3
axis greater. 28
8. Number of Students
in Sports Practice 12-6
y 1. 42 2. 21 3. 336 4. 3,024 5. 3 6. 210 7.a. 24
b. 120 c. 24 d. 15 8. 10 9. 42,840 10. 30 11. 120
Number of Students
240
12. 360 13. 720 14. 720
220
200 Guided Problem Solving 12-6
180 1. 13 books 2. how many ways you could select three of
x Louisa May Alcott’s books 3. No; you can select the three
O 1990– 1994– 1998– books in any order. 4. combination 5. 3 books 6. 13
1991 1995 1999 P
Year 7. 13C35 13 3 8. 13 ? 12 ? 11 9. 286 ways
3P3 3?2?1
All rights reserved.
10. Answers may vary. Sample: In a permutation, the order
Practice 12-4 of the objects is important. In a combination, the order of the
1. m1A, m1B, m1C, m2A, m2B, m2C, m3A, m3B, m3C, m4A, objects does not matter. This problem is a combination
1
m4B, m4C 2. 31 3. 12 4. 6 choices; AM, AN, BM, BN, because it does not matter in which order you choose the
three books. 11. 495 ways
CM, CN 5. 8 combinations; P1C1, P1C2, P2C1, P2C2, P3C1,
P3C2, P4C1, P4C2 6. 140 routes 7. 468 combinations
Practice 12-7
Guided Problem Solving 12-4 1. 40% 2. 26.7% 3. 20% 4. 13.3% 5. 53.3%
1. toss a coin and roll a number cube 2. the probability of 6. 73.3% 7. 40% 8. 0% 9. 10% 10. 55% 11. 30%
tossing tails and rolling an even number 12. 5% 13. 65% 14. 95% 15. 35% 16. 31 17. 23
7
3. P(event) 5 number of favorable outcomes 18. 33
number of possible outcomes
4. heads tails
Guided Problem Solving 12-7
1. the results of a game with a number cube played several
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
times by two players, A and B 2. Find P(A wins) and
1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 P(B wins); Decide whether the game they played is a fair
game. 3. 29 times; 52 times 4. 81 times 5. 29 ; 52
5. 3 6. 12 7. 41 8. 14 9. 12 10. 16 81 81
6. Player B has a much greater chance of winning than player
A. 7. It is probably not a fair game because B is winning far
Practice 12-5 more often than A. 8. Answers may vary. Sample:
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 6
Experimental probability uses actual results from playing the
1. 5 2. 15 3. 10 4. 0 5. 4 6. 8 7. 4 8. 32 9. 11 game. There is no information given about the game, so you
1 1 5 1 cannot calculate the theoretical probability.
10. 22 13.11. 12.
14. Dependent; the
11 33 11
second guest’s choice is limited by the first guest’s choice. 9. 48 , 45 ; Yes, the game appears to be fair. Both players R
93 93
15. Independent; the second flip is not affected by the first. and S seem to have the same chance of winning.
1 1
16. 81 17. 72
Practice 12-8
Guided Problem Solving 12-5 1. 320 students 2. 352 students 3. 200 students
4. 192 students 5. The views of people coming out of a
1. 12 orange drinks, 4 grape drinks, and 25 apple drinks
computer store may not represent the views of other voters.
2. Ann; Mark 3. the probability that Ann gets an apple drink
This is not a good sample because it is not random. 6. The
and Mark gets a grape drink, if they get drinks at random
city telephone book may cover more than one school district.
4. 41 drinks 5. 25
41
6. 40 7. 40 4 , or 1 8. Dependent;
10
It would also include people who do not vote. This is not a
when Ann takes a drink it changes the possible outcomes for good sample because it does not represent the population.
7. This is a good sample. It is selected at random from the
Mark’s drink. 9. 5 10. Answers will vary. Sample: Ann population you want to study.
82
All-In-One Answers Version A Pre-Algebra
89
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers (continued)
Guided Problem Solving 12-8 12E: Vocabulary Check
1. 75 pairs of jeans 2. 7 pairs of jeans 3. how many of Theoretical probability: P(E) = number of favorable
outcomes /number of possible outcomes when outcomes are
24,000 pairs of jeans are flawed 4. 7 5. n
equally likely.
75 24,000
7 5 n
6. 75 7. 7(24,000) = 75n 8. 75 9. 2,240 pairs Independent events: Two events if the occurrence of one
24,000
event does not affect the probability of the occurrence of the
of jeans 10. Answers may vary. Sample: You will know your
other.
answer is correct if the cross products from the proportion are Dependent events: Two events for which the occurrence of
equal. 11. 273 students one event affects the probability of the occurrence of the
other.
Practice 12-9 Simulation: A model used to find experimental probability.
Experimental probability: P(E) = number of times an
1. 3 2.a. December 13 b. 17 3. Sample answer is event occurs/number of times experiment is done
shown. 1-2 right, 4-5 right, 2-4 right
1 1 1
4. Sample answers are shown. a. 10 b. 15 c. 25 12F: Vocabulary Review Puzzle
All rights reserved.
Guided Problem Solving 12-9 E D E P E N D E N T F U N
1. 13 students 2. 6 students 3. Find the theoretical P O P U L A T I O N R M O
probability that a student chosen at random from those going E E N P O Q R S U P E O I
on the field trip is not going in the van. 4. 13 students
A T U N P U A U I E Q S T
5. 7 students 6. 13 7 7. 6 8. The sum of the probability
13 N U M D E A N L D U U D A
of an event and the probability of the event’s complement is 1. S U D L L R G N M M E T L
Since 6 1 7 , it is likely that my answer is correct. 9. 13 N A N A G T E N E A N I U
13 13 17
M T O E O I P Q U I C E M
12A: Graphic Organizer N A P O E L U E R L Y O I
1. Data Analysis and Probability 2. Answers may vary. E T S F E E R A N D O M S
Sample: frequency table, box-and-whisker plots, permutations N L N D S A M P L E P U D
and combinations, random samples 3. Simulate the Problem
4. Reading for Problem Solving 5. Answering True/ False
Questions 6. Answers may vary. Sample: biology, botany,
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
medical science, quality control 7. Check students’ work.
Chapter 13
12B: Reading Comprehension
1. a description of two kinds of statistical data 2. discrete Practice 13-1
and continuous 3. discrete 4. discrete 5. continuous 1. 112, 224, 448; geometric; Start with 7 and multiply by 2
6. discrete 7. continuous 8. yes 9. yes repeatedly. 2. 29, 35, 41; arithmetic; Start with 5 and add
6 repeatedly. 3. 2, 1, 21; geometric; Start with 32 and multiply
12C: Reading/Writing Math Symbols by 21 repeatedly. 4. 9, 5, 1; arithmetic; Start with 25 and add
1. the least value 2. the greatest value 3. the lower quartile 4 repeatedly. 5. 15, 21, 27; arithmetic; Start with
4. the median or middle quartile 5. the upper quartile 9 and add 6 repeatedly. 6. 18, 27, 37; neither
6. 21 7. 41 8. 41 9. 14 10. 14 11. They are the same. 7. 162; 486; 1,458; geometric; Start with 2 and multiply
by 3 repeatedly. 8. 25, 36, 49; neither 9. 3 10. 2.8
12D: Visual Vocabulary Practice 11. 4 12. 14
1. frequency table 2. line plot 3. histogram 4. box-and-
whisker plot 5. stem-and-leaf plot 6. bar graph 7. line Guided Problem Solving 13-1
graph 8. circle graph 9. tree diagram 1. Find the next three terms in the sequence and write a rule
to describe the sequence. 2. a common ratio 3. 4 is the
common ratio 4. 256; 1,024; 4,096 5. Start with 1 and
multiply by 4 repeatedly. 6. 1 7. 14, 17, 20; start with 2 and
add 3 repeatedly.
90 Pre-Algebra All-In-One Answers Version A
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version A (continued)
Practice 13-2 4. y 5 22 u 22 u 1 3 5 21; (2, 1);
1. y 5 u 22 u 2 2 5 0; (2, 0); y 5 u 21 u 2 2 5 21; y 5 22 u 21 u 1 3 5 1; (1, 1); y 5 22 u 0 u 1 3 5 3;
(1, 1); y 5 u 0 u 2 2 5 22; (0, 2); (0, 3); y 5 22 u 1 u 1 3 5 1; (1, 1);
y 5 u 1 u 2 2 5 21; (1, 1); y 5 22 u 2 u 1 3 5 21; (2, 1);
y 5 u 2 u 2 2 5 0; (2, 0) y
4
y
4
2
2 x
x 4 2 O 2 4
4 2 O 2 4 2
2
4
4
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2. y 5 2(22) 2 1 3 5 21; (2, 1); Guided Problem Solving 13-2
y 5 2(21) 2 1 3 5 2; (1, 2); y 5 2(0) 2 1 3 5 3; 1. state the shape of the graph 2. -2, -1, 0, 1, 2
(0, 3); y 5 2(1) 2 1 3 5 2; (1, 2); 3. absolute value 4. V shape
y 5 2(2) 2 1 3 5 21; (2, 1) 5. x y 5 212 u xu (x, y)
–2 -1 (-2, -1)
y –1 -12 (–1, -21 )
4 0 0 (0, 0)
1 -12 (1, -21 )
2
2 -1 (2, -12 )
x
6. y 7. Answers will vary.
4 2 O 2 4 2
2 1
O x
2 1 1 2
4 1
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2
3. y 5 2(22) 2 2 4 5 4; (2, 4); y 5 2(21) 2 2 4 5 22;
(1, 2); y 5 2(0) 2 2 4 5 24; (0, 4); 8. x y 5 2x2 2 x (x, y)
y 5 2(1) 2 2 4 5 22; (1, 2); –2 10 (-2, 10)
y 5 2(2) 2 2 4 5 4; (2, 4); –1 3 (–1, 3)
0 0 (0, 0)
y
4 1 1 (1, 1)
2 6 (2, 6)
2 y
U shape
x 12
4 2 O 2 4 8
2 y = 2x2x
4
x
4 2 O 2 4
4
All-In-One Answers Version A Pre-Algebra
91
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version A (continued)
Practice 13-3 6. x 10(2)x y (x, y)
0 10(2)0 10 (0, 10)
1. 13 ; Q 0, 13 R ; 1; (1, 1); 3; (2, 3); 9; (3, 9); 27; (4, 27) 1
2
10(2)1
10(2)2
20
40
(1, 20)
(2, 40)
3 10(2)3 80 (3, 80)
y y
30 80
60
24
40
20
18 x
1 O 1 2 3
12
7. 20; 40; 80
6 8. 80
y
60
x
O 2 4 6 8 10 40
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2. 52 ; Q 0, 52 R ; 5; (1, 5); 10; (2, 10); 20 (3, 20); 40; (4, 40)
20
4 2 O 2 4x
y
50
Practice 13-4
40 1. 3 2. 8 3. 7 4. 4 5. 10 6. 0 7. 7 8. 57
9. 360 10. 30 11. 3,780 12. 315 13. 252 diagonals
30 14. 170 m 15. monomial 16. binomial 17. binomial
18. trinomial 19. monomial 20. binomial
20
Guided Problem Solving 13-4
10 1. the height, in feet, that a tossed ball reaches in t seconds
2. seconds 3. the height of the ball at one second or the
x maximum height the ball reaches 4. -16(1)2 + 32(1) + 4
O 2 4 6 8 10
5. 20 6. 20 ft 7. should be 16 ft; 16 ft; Yes, because both
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3. 50; (0, 50); 10; (1, 10); 2; (2, 2); 0.4; (3, 0.4); 0.08; (4, 0.08) values are less than the value for t = 1. 8. 16 ft
y
50
Practice 13-5
1. 7m 1 1 2. 27k 1 2 3. x2 1 7x
40 4. 5x2 2 4x 2 1 5. 3x2 1 12x 1 1
6. 5x2y2 1 2xy 1 4x 7. 23x3 2 x2 2 8x 2 1
30 8. 5x3 1 2x2 1 9x 2 5 9. 23x2y2 2 3xy 2 9y2
10. x2 2 4x 2 2y 1 5
20 11. 2a2b 1 7ab2 2 17a 2 16b 1 31
12. 4m2 1 5m 2 5 13. 24n 1 2
10
x
Guided Problem Solving 13-5
O 2 4 6 8 10 1. Write an expression for the sum of three consecutive
4. yes 5. no 6. yes 7. no 8. yes 9. no numbers. 2. the first number 3. the three consecutive
integers that have the sum 108 4. Answers may vary. Sample:
4, 5, 6 5. x + 1 6. x + 2 7. x + (x + 1) + (x + 2)
Guided Problem Solving 13-3 8. 3x + 3 9. 3x + 3 = 108 10. 35 11. 36, 37 12. 35, 36, 37
1. 10 bacteria cells 2. The number of bacteria cells doubles 13. 108 14. 3x + 6; 7, 9, and 11
every hour. 3. y = 10(2)x 4. Make a table of integer values
and graph the function. 5. y = 10(2)0; y = 10; 20; 40; 80 Practice 13-6
1. 12x2 2 20x 2. 28x2 1 56x
3. 7xy3 2 14x2y2 1 7x3y2 4. 6x2y2 1 15xy
5. 18x2y2z 2 27xy2z2 1 36x2yz2
92 Pre-Algebra All-In-One Answers Version A
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version A (continued)
6. 26ab2 1 3a4b 7. 215a3 1 15a2b 2 45a2c 13A: Graphic Organizer
8. 26x2a5 2 3x2a3b 1 3x3a2 9. x(12x 2 6y) ; 1. Nonlinear Functions and Polynomials 2. Answers may
12x 2 2 6xy 10. 12 (2ab) (a 1 b) ; a2b 1 ab2 vary. Sample: patterns and sequences, exponential growth and
11. 21 (4y) (3x 1 8y) ; 6xy 1 16y2 12. 8(x 1 y) decay, polynomials, combining polynomials 3. Use Multiple
Strategies 4. Check students’ work.
13. 13(a 2 b) 14. 2x2 (x 1 1)
15. 11(a 1 b 1 c) 16. x2y(xy 1 y2 1 x2) 13B: Reading Comprehension
17. 26abc(2b 2 3ac 1 5b2c2) 1. the equations and graphs of some types of nonlinear
18. 18w 2 (5wx 1 8) functions 2. three 3. the equation and the graph 4. One
variable is squared. 5. The x is an exponent. 6. They
Guided Problem Solving 13-6 open upward or downward and both have a vertical line of
1. 50 meters 2. the width of one lane 3. the area of a pool symmetry.
with five lanes 4. 5x 5. A = /w 6. A = 50(5x) 7. 250x
8. 250x m2 9. 5x 10. 400x ft2 13C: Reading/Writing Math Symbols
1. y = x2 + 4 2. |-3| = -(-3) 3. y = -|x|
Practice 13-7
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4. f(x) = |x| 5. y = (x + 4)2 6. |x|2 = x2 7. |p| $ p
1. x2 1 5x 1 6 2. x2 1 6x 1 5 8. x , |x| if x , 0 9. if 0 , b , 1, then b1 . b
3. x2 1 9x 1 20 4. x2 1 9x 1 14 10. -2 |x| # 0 11. 0 , a , 10 12. 2 , b # 5
5. x2 2 5x 2 6 6. x2 1 5x 2 24
7. 2x2 1 11x 1 15 8. x2 2 10x 1 24 13D: Visual Vocabulary Practice
9. 4x2 2 49 10. m 2 2 35m 1 300 1. arithmetic sequence 2. geometric sequence 3. quadratic
11. 9k2 1 24k 1 16 12. x2 2 400 function 4. absolute value 5. exponential growth
13. 20n2 2 9n 2 20 14. 100x2 2 20x 1 1 6. exponential decay 7. mononomial 8. binomial
15. y2 2 13y 1 42 16. x2 2 14x 1 45 9. trinomial
17. x2 2 7x 2 30 18. 6x2 1 13x 1 6
19. x2 1 8x 1 15 20. 12n2 1 29n 1 14
21. 6h2 1 23h 1 20 13E: Vocabulary Check
Sequence: A set of numbers that follow a pattern.
Guided Problem Solving 13-7 Arithmetic sequence: A sequence of numbers in which each
term after the first is the result of adding a fixed number, called
1. 5c + 3 2. 2c + 4 3. the area of the rectangle
a common difference, to the previous number.
4. A = /w 5. A = (5c + 3)(2c + 4)
Geometric sequence: A sequence of numbers in which each
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6. 5c(2c + 4) + 3(2c + 4) 7. 10c2 + 20c + 6c + 12
term after the first is the result of multiplying the previous
8. 10c2 + 26c + 12 9. 10c2 + 26c + 12
term by a fixed number, called the common ratio.
10. 10c2 + 26c + 12 11. 12x2 + 14x + 2
Quadratic function: A function based on squaring the input
variable. The graph is a parabola.
Practice 13-8 Absolute value function: A function with a graph that is
1. 16 2. 3 and 2 3. 2 ft by 2 ft 4. 5 in. by V-shaped and opens up or down.
5 in. 5. 64 boxes 6. 6 in., 8 in., 10 in.
13F: Vocabulary Review
Guided Problem Solving 13-8 1. A monomial has one term, while a binomial has two.
1. 50 ft by 100 ft 2. 25 ft by 50 ft 3. the area of the lawn 2. A trinomial has exactly three terms. A polynomial has any
4. Diagrams may vary. number of terms. 3. A linear function has a graph that is a
Sample: line. A quadratic function has a graph that is a parabola.
4. In an arithmetic sequence, you find each term by adding to
the previous term. In a geometric sequence, you find each
term by multiplying the previous term. 5. The difference
between two consecutive terms in an arithmetic sequence is
the common difference. The ratio of two consecutive terms in
5. 5,000 ft2 6. 1,250 ft2 7. 5,000 - 1,250 8. 3,750 ft2
a geometric sequence is the common ratio. 6. A factor is one
9. 50(100 - 25); 3,750 ft2 10. Sample: It does not matter
of the numbers or variables multiplied to form a product.
where on the lot the house goes because its dimensions and its
A term is a real number, a variable, or the product of two or
area will remain the same. 11. 6,946.1 cm2
more real numbers or variable factors.
All-In-One Answers Version A Pre-Algebra
93
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version A
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 1-1 Variables and Expressions Quick Check .
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Algebra 1. Identify each expression as a numerical expression or a variable expression.
For a variable expression, name the variable.
1 Identify variables, numerical Topic: Variables, Expressions, and Operations
expressions, and variable expressions
a. 8 x b. 100 6 c. d 43 9
2 Write variable expressions for word Local Standards: ____________________________________ variable expression; numerical expression variable expression;
phrases x is the variable. d is the variable.
Vocabulary.
A variable is a letter that stands for a number.
2. a. Bagels cost $.50 each. Write a variable expression for the cost of
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All rights reserved.
A variable expression is a mathematical phrase that uses variables, numerals, b bagels.
and operation symbols. 0.50b
variable S m d miles on 10 gallons
variable expression S m 10 d miles per gallon
b. Measurement Write a variable expression for the number of hours in
Examples. m minutes.
1 Identifying Expressions Identify each expression as a numerical expression m
60
or a variable expression. For a variable expression, name the variable.
a. 7 3
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
numerical expression
b. 4t 3. Write a variable expression for each word phrase.
variable expression
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t is the variable. Word Phrase Variable Expression
Nine more than a number y y9
2 Writing Variable Expressions Write a variable expression for the cost 4 less than a number n n4
of p pens priced at 29¢ each.
A number z times three z 3 or 3z or 3(z)
Words 29¢ times number of pens a
A number a divided by 12 a 12 or 12
Let p = number of pens.
5 times the quantity 4 plus
Expression ? p 5(4 c)
29 a number c
The variable expression 29 p , or 29p , describes the cost of p pens.
2 Pre-Algebra Lesson 1-1 Daily Notetaking Guide Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 1-1 3
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
3 Simplifying With Grouping Symbols Simplify 20 3[(5 2) 1].
Lesson 1-2 The Order of Operations 20 35 2 1
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Number Properties and Operations
20 3 7 1
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Add within parentheses.
1 Use the order of operations Topic: Properties of Number and Operations
2 Use grouping symbols Local Standards: ____________________________________
20 3 6 Subtract within brackets.
Key Concepts.
20 18 Multiply.
Order of Operations
2 Subtract.
1. Work inside grouping symbols.
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All rights reserved.
2. Multiply and divide in order from left to right.
3. Add and subtract in order from left to right. Quick Check.
2. Simplify each expression.
a. 4 1 ? 2 6 3
Examples.
4
1 Simplifying Expressions Simplify 8 2 2.
82 ? 2
8 4 First multiply.
b. 5 6 4 3 1
Then subtract.
4
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
12
2 Using the Order of Operations Simplify 12 3 1 2 1.
12 3 1 ? 2 1
4 2 1 Multiply and divide from left to right.
3. Simplify each expression.
a. 2[(13 4) 3]
2 1 Add and subtract from left to right.
6
3 Add.
Quick Check.
1. Simplify each expression. b. 1 10 2 2
4
a. 2 5 3 b. 12 3 1 c. 10 1 ? 7
3
17 3 3
4 Pre-Algebra Lesson 1-2 Daily Notetaking Guide Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 1-2 5
All-In-One Answers Version A Pre-Algebra
1
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version A (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 1-3 Writing and Evaluating Expressions Examples.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Algebra 3 The Omelet Café buys cartons of 36 eggs.
1 Evaluate variable expressions Topic: Variables, Expressions, and Operations a. Write a variable expression for the number of cartons the café should
2
buy for x eggs.
Solve problems by evaluating Local Standards: ____________________________________
expressions x
An expression for x eggs is 36 .
b. Evaluate the expression for 180 eggs.
Vocabulary. 180
x
36
Evaluate for x 180.
36
To evaluate an expression is to replace each variable in an expression with a number,
5 Divide.
and then follow the order of operations.
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All rights reserved.
The Omelet Café should buy 5 cartons to get 180 eggs.
Examples. 4 The One Pizza restaurant makes only one kind of pizza, which costs $16.
The delivery charge is $2. Write a variable expression for the cost of having
1 Evaluating a Variable Expression Evaluate 18 2g for g 3.
pizzas delivered. Evaluate the expression to find the cost of having five
18 2g 18 2( 3 ) Replace the variable. pizzas delivered.
18 6 Multiply.
Table Number of Pizzas Cost of Pizza Delivery Total Cost
24 Add. 1 1 16 2 1 16 2
2 Replacing More Than One Variable Evaluate 2ab 3c for a 3, b 4, and c 9. 2 2 16 2 2 16 2
4 4 16 2 4 16 2
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
9
2ab 3c 2 ? 3 ? 4 Replace the variables. Expression
3 16 p 2
2 ? 3 ? 4 3 Work within grouping symbols.
Evaluate the expression for p 5
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6 ? 4 3 Multiply from left to right. 16 p 2 16 5 2
24 3 Multiply. 80 2
21 Subtract. 82
It costs $82 to have five pizzas delivered.
Quick Check.
1. Evaluate each expression.
Quick Check.
a. 63 5x, for x 7 b. 4(t 3) 1, for t 8
28 45
2. The café in Example 3 pays $21 for each case of bottled water. Write a
variable expression for the cost of c cases. Evaluate the expression to find
the cost of 5 cases.
r 1 s,
c. 6(g h), d. 2xy z, e. 2 21c; $105
for g 8 and h 7 for x 4, y 3, and z 1 for r 13 and s 11
90 23 12 3. Evaluate the expression in Example 4 to find the cost of ordering 8 pizzas.
16(8) 2 $130
6 Pre-Algebra Lesson 1-3 Daily Notetaking Guide Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 1-3 7
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 1-4 Integers and Absolute Value Examples.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Number Properties and Operations 2 Graphing on a Number Line Graph 2, 2, and 3 on a number line.
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1 Represent, graph, and order integers Topic: Number Sense Compare the numbers and order the numbers from least to greatest.
2 Find opposites and absolute values
Local Standards: ____________________________________
2 is 2 units to the left of 0.
3 is 3 units to the left of 0. 2 is 2 units to the right of 0.
Vocabulary.
Opposites are numbers that are the same distance from zero on a number line but in
opposite directions.
6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
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Integers are the whole numbers and their opposites.
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3 is to the left of 2, and 2 is to the left of 2, so –3 R –2 R 2 .
An absolute value is a number’s distance from zero on the number line. The numbers from least to greatest are 3 , 2 , 2 .
3 Finding Absolute Value Use a number line to find |5| and |5|.
5 units from 0 5 units from 0
Example.
1 Representing Negative Numbers Write a number to represent the
temperature shown by the thermometer. 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
5 5 5 5
5°C
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
0
Quick Check.
5°C 2. Graph 0, 2, and 6 on a number line. Compare the numbers and order them
from least to greatest.
The thermometer shows 3 degrees Celsius below zero, or 3°C .
6 4 2 0 2 4
Quick Check.
1. Temperature Seawater freezes at about 28°F, or about 2 degrees Celsius 6 0 2
below zero. Write a number to represent the Celsius temperature. The numbers from least to greatest are 6 , 0 , 2 .
2 3. Write |10| in words. Then find |10|.
the absolute value of negative ten; 10
8 Pre-Algebra Lesson 1-4 Daily Notetaking Guide 9
Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 1-4
2 Pre-Algebra All-In-One Answers Version A
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version A (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 1-5 Adding Integers Examples.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Number Properties and Operations
2 Using a Number Line From the surface, a diver goes down 20 feet and
1
then comes back up 4 feet. Find 20 4 to find where the diver is.
Use models to add integers Topic: Number Operations
2 Use rules to add integers Start at 0. To represent 20, move
Local Standards: ____________________________________ 20
left units. To add positive 4,
20 16 12 8 4 0 move right 4 units to 16 .
Key Concepts.
20 4 16
Addition of Opposites
The diver is 16 feet below the surface.
The sum of an integer and its opposite is zero .
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All rights reserved.
Arithmetic Algebra
3 Using the Order of Operations Find 7 (4) 13 (5).
1 (1) 0 x (x) 0 7 4 13 5 Add from left to right.
1 1 0 x x 0
11 13 5 The sum of the two negative integers is negative .
Adding Integers
13 11 2 . Since 13 has the greater
positive . The sum of two 2 5
Same Sign The sum of two positive integers is
absolute value, the sum is positive .
negative integers is negative .
3 5 2 3 . Since 5 has the greater
Different Signs To add two integers with different signs, find the difference
absolute value, the sum is negative .
of their absolute values . The sum has the sign of the integer with the
7 (4) 13 (5) 3 .
greater absolute value.
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
Quick Check.
Example. 2. Use this number line to find each sum.
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1 Using Tiles to Add Integers Use tiles to find (7) 3.
Model the sum. -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10
a. 2 (6) b. 4 9 c. 5 (1)
Group and remove zero pairs.
4 5 6
There are four negative tiles left.
3. a. 1 (3) 2 (10) b. 250 200 (100) 220
(7) 3 4 10 70
4. Geography An earthquake monitor in Hockley, Texas, is located in a salt
Quick Check. mine at an elevation of 416 m. The elevation of an earthquake monitor in
1. Use tiles to find each sum. Piñon Flat, California, is 1,696 m higher than the monitor in Hockley. Find
a. 1 4 b. 7 (3) c. 2 (2) the elevation of the monitor in Piñon Flat.
1,280 m
3 4 4
10 Pre-Algebra Lesson 1-5 Daily Notetaking Guide Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 1-5 11
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
3 Using a Rule to Subtract Integers An airplane left Houston, Texas, where
Lesson 1-6 Subtracting Integers the temperature was 42°F. When the airplane landed in Anchorage, Alaska,
the temperature was 50°F lower. What was the temperature in Anchorage?
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Number Properties and Operations
42 50 Write an expression.
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1 Use models to subtract integers Topic: Number Operations
2 Use a rule to subtract integers 42 50 42 ( 50 ) To subtract 50, add its opposite .
Local Standards: ____________________________________
8 Simplify.
Key Concepts. The temperature in Anchorage was 8°F .
Subtracting Integers Quick Check.
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All rights reserved.
To subtract an integer, add its opposite . 1. Use tiles to find each difference.
a. 7 (2) b. 4 (3) c. 8 (5)
Arithmetic Algebra
2 5 2 ( 5 ) 3 a b a ( b )
2 ( 5 )257 a ( b )ab 7 (2) 5 4 (3) 1 8 (5) 3
2. Use tiles to find each difference.
a. 4 8 b. 1 5 c. 2 (7)
Examples.
1 Using Tiles to Subtract Integers Find 7 (5).
Start with 7 negative tiles.
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
Take away 5 negative tiles. There 48 4 1 5 6 2 (7) 5
are 2 negative tiles left.
3. Find each difference.
a. 32 (3)
7 (5) 2 35
2 Using Zero Pairs to Subtract Integers Find 2 8. b. 40 66
106
Start with 2 positive tiles.
There are not enough positive tiles to take
away 8. Add 6 zero pairs. c. 2 48
46
Take away 8 positive tiles. There are
6 negative tiles left. d. Weather The lowest temperature ever recorded on the moon was about
170°C. The lowest temperature ever recorded in Antarctica
was 89°C. Find the difference in the temperatures.
28 6
81°C
12 Pre-Algebra Lesson 1-6 Daily Notetaking Guide Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 1-6 13
All-In-One Answers Version A Pre-Algebra
3
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version A (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
3 Extending a Pattern Write a rule for the number pattern 110, 100, 90, 80,….
Lesson 1-7 Inductive Reasoning Find the next two numbers in the pattern.
110, 100, 90, 80, The first number is 110.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Algebra
1 Write rules for patterns Topic: Patterns, Relations, and Functions 10 10 10 The next numbers are found by subtracting 10.
2 Make predictions and test conjectures The rule is Start with 110 and subtract 10 repeatedly. The next two
Local Standards: ____________________________________
numbers in the pattern are 80 10 70 and 70 10 60 .
Vocabulary.
4 Analyzing Conjectures Is the conjecture correct or incorrect? If it is
incorrect, give a counterexample.
Inductive reasoning is making conclusions based on patterns you observe.
Every triangle has three sides of equal length.
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All rights reserved.
A conjecture is a conclusion you reach by inductive reasoning. The conjecture is incorrect . The figure to the right is a triangle but
it does not have three sides of equal length.
A counterexample is an example that proves a statement false.
Quick Check.
1. Make a conjecture about the next figure in the pattern at the right.
Examples.
Then draw the figure.
1 Reasoning Inductively Use inductive reasoning. Make a conjecture about a six-sided figure with all vertices on a circle
the next figure in the pattern. Then draw the figure.
2. Write a rule for each pattern.
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
a. 4, 9, 14, 19, … Start with 4 and add 5 repeatedly.
b. 3, 9, 27, 81, … Start with 3 and multiply by 3 repeatedly.
c. 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, … Start with 1, 1. Then each number is the sum of the previous two numbers.
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Observation: The circles are rotating counterclockwise within
the square. 3. Write a rule for the pattern 1, 3, 5, 7, …. Find the next two numbers in the pattern.
Start with 1 and then add 2 repeatedly; 9, 11.
Conjecture: The next figure will have a shaded circle at the
top right . 4. Is each conjecture correct or incorrect? If it is incorrect, give a counterexample.
a. The last digit of the product of 5 and a whole number is 0 or 5.
2 Writing Rules for Patterns Write a rule for each number pattern. correct
a. 0, 4, 8, 12, … Start with 0 and subtract 4 repeatedly. b. A number and its absolute value are always opposites.
Incorrect; 8 and |8| are not opposites.
b. 4, 4, 4, 4, … Alternate 4 and its opposite .
multiplying by 2 c. The next figure in the pattern
c. 1, 2, 4, 8, 10,… Start with 1 . Alternate
has 25 dots.
and adding 2 .
correct
1 4 9 16
14 Pre-Algebra Lesson 1-7 Daily Notetaking Guide Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 1-7 15
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 1-8 Look for a Pattern Quick Check.
Lesson Objective NAEP 2005 Strand: Algebra 1. Suppose that the committee is made up of six people. How many
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1 Find number patterns Topic: Patterns, Relations, and Function handshakes would there be?
Local Standards: ____________________________________ 15
Example.
1 Each student on a committee of five students shakes hands with every other
committee member. How many handshakes will there be in all?
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Understand the Problem How many hands does each committee member shake?
All rights reserved.
Make and Carry Out a Plan Make a table to organize the numbers. Then look for
a pattern. 2. a. Information News spreads quickly at Riverdell High. Each student who
hears a story repeats it 15 minutes later to two students who have not
The pattern is to add the number of new handshakes to the number of
heard it yet, and then tells no one else. Suppose one student hears some
handshakes already made.
news at 8:00 A.M. How many students will know the news at 9:00 A.M.?
4 the number of handshakes by 1 student
1
4 3 7 the number of handshakes by 2 students 123
347
7 8 15
Make a table to extend the pattern to 5 students. 15 16 31;
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31 students
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
Student 1 2 3 4 5
Number of original 4 3 2 1 0
handshakes
Total number of
handshakes 4 4 3 7 7 2 9 9 1 10 10 0 10
b. Suppose each student who hears the story repeats it in 10 minutes. How
There will be 10 handshakes in all. many students will know the news at 9:00 A.M.?
1
Check the Answer One way to check a solution is to solve the problem by 123
another method. You can use a diagram to show the pattern visually. 347
7 8 15
1 15 16 31
31 32 63
63 64 127;
2 5 127 students
3 4
There are 10 diagonals in the pentagon, so there will be 10 handshakes in all.
16 Pre-Algebra Lesson 1-8 Daily Notetaking Guide 17
Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 1-8
4 Pre-Algebra All-In-One Answers Version A
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version A (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
2 Using Rules to Multiply Integers Multiply (6)(2)(3).
Lesson 1-9 Multiplying and Dividing Integers Multiply from left to right. The product of
6(2)(3) ( 12 )(3) a positive integer and a negative integer
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Number Properties and Operations is negative .
1 Multiply integers using repeated Topic: Number Operations
Multiply. The product of two negative integers
addition, patterns, and rules 36
Local Standards: ____________________________________ is positive .
2 Divide integers using rules
3 Currency Use the table to find the average of the differences in the values of
Key Concepts. a Canadian dollar and a U.S. dollar for 1994–1997.
Value of Dollars (U.S. cents)
Canadian U.S.
Multiplying Integers Year Dollar Dollar Difference
All rights reserved.
All rights reserved.
The product of two integers with the same sign is positive . 1994 73 100 –27
1995 73 100 –27
The product of two integers with different signs is negative . 1996 74 100 –26
The product of zero and any integer is zero . 1997 72 100 –28
Examples 3(4) 12 3(4) 12 SOURCES: Bank of Canada; The World Almanac
3(4) 12 3(4) 12
27 (27) ( 26 )( 28 )
3(0) 0 4(0) 0 Write an expression for the average.
4
108 Use the order of operations.
The fraction bar acts as a grouping symbol.
Dividing Integers 4
The quotient of two integers with the same sign is positive . The quotient of a negative integer and a
27
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
The quotient of two integers with different signs is negative . positive integer is negative .
Remember that division by zero is undefined .
For 1994 to 1997, the average difference was 27¢ .
12 3 12 (3)
All rights reserved.
Examples 4 4
12 (3) 4 12 3 4 Quick Check.
1. Patterns Use a pattern to simplify 3(4).
Examples. 12
1 Using Patterns to Multiply Integers Use a pattern to find each product.
a. 2(7) b. 2(7) 2. Simplify each product.
a. 2(6) 12 b. 4(3) 12 c. 7(2) 14
2(7) 14 d Start with products you know. S 2(7) 14
d. 4 8 (2) 64 e. 6(3)(5) 90 f. 7 (14) 0 0
1(7) 7 1(7) 7
0(7) 0 0(7) 0 3. Simplify each quotient.
1(7) 7 d Continue the pattern. S 1(7) 7 a. 32 8 4 b. 48 (6) 8 c. 56 (4) 14
2(7) 14 2(7) 14 d. Find the average of 4, 3, 5, 2, and 8.
2
18 Pre-Algebra Lesson 1-9 Daily Notetaking Guide Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 1-9 19
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 1-10 The Coordinate Plane Examples.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Algebra 1 Naming Coordinates and Quadrants Write the coordinates y
of point G. In which quadrant is point G located? 4
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1 Topic: Algebraic Representations F
Name coordinates and quadrants in
the coordinate plane 2
Local Standards: ____________________________________ Point G is located 2 units to the left of the y-axis. So the
2 Graph points in the coordinate plane x
x-coordinate is 2 . The point is 3 units below the x-axis. 4 2 O 2 4
So the y-coordinate is 3 . 2
Vocabulary.
G E
A coordinate plane is formed by the intersection of two number lines. The coordinates of point G are ( 2 , 3 ). Point G is 4
located in Quadrant III .
The x-axis is the horizontal number line.
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All rights reserved.
The y-axis is the vertical number line. 2 Graphing Points Graph point M(3, 3).
Step 1
Quadrants are the four areas divided by the x- and y-axes. Start at the y
origin. M 4
The origin is where the axes intersect on the coordinate plane. 2
Step 2 x
An ordered pair is a pair of numbers that gives the coordinates and location of a point.
4 2 O 2 4 Step 3
Move 3 units
Move 3 units up.
An x-coordinate is a number that shows the position right or left of the y-axis. 2
to the left . Draw a dot.
4 Label it M .
A y-coordinate is a number that shows the position above or below the x-axis.
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
y
5
Quick Check.
1. a. Use the graph in Example 1. Write the coordinates of E and F.
4
(2, 3), (3, 3)
Quadrant II Quadrant I
y -axis
3
b. Identify the quadrants in which E and F are located.
2 Quadrant IV; Quadrant I
x -axis
1
( 0 , 0 ) 2. Graph these points on one coordinate plane: K(3, 1), L(2, 1), and
x M(2, 4). Then describe the figure that is formed by connecting points
5 4 3 2 1 O 1 2 3 4 5
K, L, and M.
1 y
4 a triangle
O is the 2
origin Quadrant III Quadrant IV 2
origin, , L K
3
where
the axes (
P 5 , 4 ) 4 4 2 O 2 4x
intersect. 2
5
M
4
20 Pre-Algebra Lesson 1-10 Daily Notetaking Guide Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 1-10 21
All-In-One Answers Version A Pre-Algebra
5
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version A (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 2-1 Properties of Numbers 2 Using Mental Math With Addition Suppose you buy school supplies
costing $.45, $.65, and $1.55. Use mental math to find the cost of these
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Number Properties and Operations supplies.
1 Identify properties of addition and Topic: Properties of Number and Operations 0.45 0.65 1.55
multiplication
Local Standards: ____________________________________ 0.65 0.45 1.55 Use the Commutative Property of Addition.
2 Use properties to solve problems
0.65 (0.45 1.55) Use the Associative Property of Addition.
Key Concepts. 0.65 2.00 Add within parentheses.
2.65 Add.
Properties of Addition and Multiplication The cost of the school supplies is .
$2.65
Commutative Properties of Addition and Multiplication Changing the
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All rights reserved.
order of the values you are adding or multiplying does not change the 3 Using Mental Math With Multiplication Use mental math to simplify
sum or product. (20 13) 5.
Arithmetic Algebra (20 13) 5 (13 20) 5 Use the Commutative Property of Multiplication.
6+4 4 + 6 a+b b + a 13 (20 5) Use the Associative Property of Multiplication.
95 5 9 ab b a
13 100 Multiply within parentheses.
Associative Properties of Addition and Multiplication Changing the 1,300 Multiply.
grouping of the values you are adding or multiplying does not change
the sum or product. Quick Check.
Arithmetic Algebra
1. You spend $6 for dinner, $8 for a movie, and $4 for popcorn. Find your total
(2 + 7) + 3 2 + (7 3) (a + b) + c a + (b c) cost. Explain which property or properties you used.
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
(9 4)5 9 (4 5) (ab)c a (bc) $18;
6 8 4 6 (8 4) Associative Property of Addition
Identity Properties of Addition and Multiplication The sum of any 6 (4 8) Commutative Property of Addition
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(6 4) 8 Associative Property of Addition
number and zero is the original number. The product of any number 10 8 Add within parentheses.
and 1 is the original number. 18 Addition
Arithmetic Algebra
12 + 0 12 a+ 0 a 2. Name each property shown.
a. 3 6 6 3 b. 8 1 8 c. (3z)m (3zm)
10 1 10 a 1 a
Commutative Identity Property of Associative Property
The additive identity is 0 . The multiplicative identity is 1 . Property of Addition Multiplication of Multiplication
Examples.
3. Use mental math to simplify each expression.
1 Identifying Properties Name each property shown. a. 5 12 18 5 b. 19 (30) 21
a. 17 x 3 17 3 x Commutative Property of Addition
40 10
b. (36 2)10 36(2 10) Associative Property of Multiplication
c. km km 1 Identity Property of Multiplication
22 Pre-Algebra Lesson 2-1 Daily Notetaking Guide Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 2-1 23
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 2-2 The Distributive Property Examples.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Number Properties and Operations 3 Using the Distributive Property II Simplify 11(23) 11(7).
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1 Use the Distributive Property with
numerical expressions
Topic: Properties of Number and Operations 11(23) 11(7) 11 ( 23 7 ) Use the Distributive Property.
Local Standards: ____________________________________
2 Use the Distributive Property with 11 ( 30 ) Add within parentheses.
algebraic expressions
330 Multiply.
Key Concepts. 4 Using Tiles to Multiply Use algebra tiles to multiply 4(3x 4).
Distributive Property d Model four groups of
All rights reserved.
To multiply a sum or difference, multiply each number within the
All rights reserved.
3x 4
parentheses by the number outside the parentheses. .
d Group like tiles.
Arithmetic Algebra
3(2 6) 3( 2 ) 3( 6 ) a(b c) a( b ) a( c ) So 4(3x 4) 12x 16 .
(2 6)3 2( 3 ) 6( 3 ) (b c)a b( a ) c( a )
5 Using the Distributive Property III Simplify each expression.
6(7 4) 6( 7 ) 6( 4 ) a(b c) a( b ) a( c )
(7 4)6 7( 6 ) 4( 6 ) (b c)a b( a ) c( a ) a. 9(2 8y) 9 ( 2 ) ( 9)( 8y ) Use the Distributive Property.
18 ( 72y ) Multiply.
Examples. 18 72y Simplify.
1 Using the Distributive Property I Find 15(110) mentally.
b. (5m 6)11 ( )11 ( ) 11
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5m 6 Use the Distributive Property.
( )
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15(110) 15 100 10 Write 110 as (100 10).
55m 66 Multiply.
15 100 15 10 Use the Distributive Property.
1,500 150 Multiply.
Quick Check.
1,650 Add.
2. Your club sold calendars for $7. Club members sold 204 calendars. How
much money did they raise?
2 Ms. Thomas gave 5 pencils to each of her 37 students. What is the total number
of pencils she gave to the students? $1,428
(37)5 ( 40 3 5 ) Write 37 as (40 3). 3. Simplify each expression.
40 5 3 5 Use the Distributive Property. a. 7(21) 7(9) 210 b. 12(52) 12(62) 120 c. (16)7 (11)7 35
200 15 Multiply. 4. Use algebra tiles to multiply.
a. 4(2x 3) b. 3(x 4) c. (3x 1)2
185 Subtract.
8x 12 3x 12 6x 2
Ms. Thomas gave the students 185 pencils.
Quick Check.
1. Find each product mentally. 5. Multiply.
a. 2(7 3d) 14 6d b. (6m 1)(3) 18m 3 c. 3(5t 2) 15t 6
a. (53)50 2,650 b. 30 104 3,120 c. 9 199 1,791
24 Pre-Algebra Lesson 2-2 Daily Notetaking Guide 25
Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 2-2
6 Pre-Algebra All-In-One Answers Version A
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version A (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 2-3 Simplifying Variable Expressions 2 Using Tiles to Simplify Simplify 9 4f 3 2f.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Algebra d
1 Identify parts of a variable expression Topic: Variables, Expressions, and Operations
2 Simplify expressions 9 4f 3 2f d 6f 12
Local Standards: ____________________________________
3 Combining Like Terms Simplify 2b b 4.
Vocabulary. 2b b 4 2 b 1 b 4 Use the Identity Property of Multiplication.
A term is a number or the product of a number and variable(s). ( 2 1 )b 4 Use the Distributive Property.
3 b4 Simplify.
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All rights reserved.
A constant is a term that has no variables.
4 Using Deductive Reasoning Simplify (7 3x)5 20x.
(7 3x)5 20x 35 15x 20x Use the Distributive Property.
terms
Use the Associative
35 ( 15 x 20 x)
Property of Addition.
7a 4a 3b 6 constant
35 ( 15 Use the Distributive
like terms
20 )x Property
to combine like terms.
coefficients 35 5 x Simplify.
Like terms have identical variables. Quick Check.
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1. Name the coefficients, the like terms, and the constants.
A coefficient is a number that multiplies a variable. a. 6 2s 4s 2, 4; 2s, 4s; 6
b. 4x 4; none; none
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You simplify a variable expression by replacing it with an equivalent expression that has as c. 9m 2r 2m r 9, 2, –2, 1; 9m, –2m; and 2r, r; none
few terms as possible.
Deductive reasoning is the process of reasoning logically from given facts to a conclusion. 2. Use tiles to simplify 3a 2 4a 1.
S (3 4)a (2 1) 7a 1
3. Simplify each expression.
Examples. a. 3b b b. 4m 9m c. p 6p 4p
1 Identifying Parts of an Expression Name the coefficients, the like terms, 2b 13m 3p
and the constants in 7x y 2x 7.
4. Simplify each expression. Justify each step.
Coefficients: 7, 1 , 2 a. 6y 4m 7y m b. 4x 3 2(5 x)
y 5m 2x 7
Like terms: 7x, 2x
Constant: 7
26 Pre-Algebra Lesson 2-3 Daily Notetaking Guide Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 2-3 27
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 2-4 Variables and Equations Examples.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Algebra 3 Substituting to Check Is 45 a solution of the equation 120 x 75?
120 x 75
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1 Classify types of equations Topic: Variables, Expressions, and Operations
2 Check equations using substitution
Local Standards: ____________________________________ 120 45 ⱨ 75 Substitute 45 for x.
165 75
Vocabulary. No , 45 is not a solution of the equation.
An equation is a mathematical sentence with an equal sign.
4 A gift pack must hold 20 lb of food. Apples weigh 9 lb and cheese weighs 5 lb.
An open sentence is an equation with one or more variables. Can the jar of jam that completes the package weigh 7 lb?
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All rights reserved.
Words weight of apples plus weight of cheese plus weight of jam is 20 lb
A solution of an equation is a value for a variable that makes an equation true.
Let j = weight of jam.
Equation 9 5 j 20
Examples. 9 5 j 20
1 Classifying Equations State whether each equation is true, false, or an 14 j = 20 Add.
open sentence. Explain.
14 7 ⱨ 20 Substitute 7 for the variable.
a. 3(b 8) 12
open sentence , because there is a variable. 21 20
b. 7 (6) 1 No , the jar of jam cannot weigh 7 lb.
false , because 13 1.
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
c. 9 5 4
Quick Check.
true , because 4 4.
2. Write an equation for Twenty minus x is three. Is the equation true, false, or
an open sentence? Explain.
2 Writing an Equation Write an equation for Six times a number added to
the number is the opposite of forty-two. State whether the equation is true, 20 x 3; open, because there is a variable
false, or an open sentence. Explain.
Words six times the number added to the number is the opposite of 42.
3. Is the given number a solution of the equation?
6x added to x is 42 a. 8 t 2t; 1 b. 9 m 3; 6
Equation 6x x 42 no yes
The equation is an open sentence , because there is a variable.
4. A tent weighs 6 lb. Your backpack and the tent weigh 33 lb. Use an equation
to find whether the backpack weighs 27 lb.
Quick Check.
Let b weight of backpack.
1. State whether each equation is true, false, or an open sentence. Explain. 6 b 33
b 27
a. 9 7 3 b. 8 x 2 c. 4 5 20
Yes, the backpack weighs 27 lb.
false; 2 ≠ 3 open; has a variable true; 20 20
28 Pre-Algebra Lesson 2-4 Daily Notetaking Guide Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 2-4 29
All-In-One Answers Version A Pre-Algebra
7
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version A (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 2-5 Solving Equations by Adding or Subtracting 3 Larissa wants to increase the number of books in her collection to 327 books.
She has 250 books now. Find the number of books she needs to buy.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Algebra
Words target number is 250 plus number to buy
1 Solve one-step equations using Topic: Equations and Inequalities
subtraction Let x = number to buy.
Local Standards: ____________________________________
2 Solve one-step equations using addition Equation 327 250 x
327 250 x
Vocabulary and Key Concepts. 327 = x 250 Use the Commutative Property of Addition.
327 250 x 250 250 Subtract 250 from each side.
Subtraction Property of Equality 77 x Simplify.
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All rights reserved.
You can subtract the same number from each side of an equation.
Larissa needs to buy 77 more books.
Arithmetic Algebra
10 2(5) If a b, 4 Marcy’s CD player cost $113 less than her DVD player. Her CD player cost
10 5 2(5) 5 then a c b c $78. About how much did her DVD player cost?
Round to numbers that are easy to compute.
Addition Property of Equality
You can add the same number to each side of an equation. 113 110
Arithmetic Algebra 78 80
8 2(4) If a b, 80 = t 110 Write an equation.
8 3 2(4) 3 then a c b c 80 110 t 110 110 Add 110 to each side.
190 t Simplify.
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
Inverse operations are operations that undo each other.
Marcy’s DVD player cost about $190 .
All rights reserved.
Quick Check.
1. Solve each equation.
Examples. a. x 8 3 b. 5 d 1 c. c (4) 5
1 Subtracting to Solve an Equation Solve y 5 13. 5 4 1
Method 1 Method 2
y 5 13 y5 13 d. y 5 8 e. p 30 42 f. 98 x 14
y5 5 13 5 d Subtract 5 from each side. S 5 5
72 112
13
y 8 d Simplify. S y 8
2. Cora measures her heart rate at 123 beats per minute. This is 55 beats more
than her resting heart rate r. Write and solve an equation to find Cora’s
2 Adding to Solve an Equation Solve c 23 40. resting heart rate.
c 23 40 123 r 55; 68 beats/min
c 23 23 40 23 Add 23 to each side. 3. A softcover book costs $17 less than its hardcover edition. The softcover costs
c 17 Simplify.
$5. Write and solve an equation to find the cost h of the hardcover book.
h 17 5; $22
30 Pre-Algebra Lesson 2-5 Daily Notetaking Guide Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 2-5 31
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 2-6 Solving Equations by Multiplying or Dividing 2 A total of 288 pens are boxed by the dozen. How many boxes are needed?
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Algebra Words number of pens is 12 times number of boxes
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1 Solve one-step equations using division Topic: Equations and Inequalities Let b = number of boxes
2 Solve one-step equations using Local Standards: ____________________________________ Equation 288 12 ? b
multiplication
288 = 12b
Key Concepts. 288 12b
= Divide each side by 12 .
12 12
Division Property of Equality 24 =b Simplify.
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If you divide each side of an equation by the same nonzero number, the
All rights reserved.
two sides remain equal. 24 boxes are needed.
Arithmetic Algebra
Check Is the answer reasonable?
6 = 3(2) If a = b and c 0,
Twelve times the number of boxes is the number of pens.
6 = 3(2) a b
3 c =
3 c Since 12 24 288 , the answer is reasonable.
Multiplication Property of Equality
3 Multiplying to Solve an Equation Solve x8 5.
You can multiply each side of an equation by the same number. x 5
Arithmetic Algebra 8
x
12 3(4) If a b, 8 8 8 (5) Multiply each side by 8 .
12 2 3(4) 2 then ac bc . x 40 Simplify.
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
Quick Check.
Examples. 1. Solve each equation.
a. 4x 84 b. 91 7y c. 12w 108
1 Dividing to Solve an Equation Solve 2v 24. 21 13 9
2v 24
2v 24 Divide each side by 2 .
2 2 d. 3b 24 e. 96 8n f. 4d 56
v 12 Simplify. 8 12 14
Check 2v 24
2 ( 12 ) ⱨ 24 Replace v with 12 .
r s t
24 24 g. 25 10 h. 6 54 i. 30 20
50 324 600
32 Pre-Algebra Lesson 2-6 Daily Notetaking Guide 33
Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 2-6
8 Pre-Algebra All-In-One Answers Version A
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version A (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 2-7 Guess, Check, Revise
$2 $2
79 2( ) 96( 2 ) 158 192 The total is too high .
Decrease the price of
Lesson Objective Local Standards: ____________________________________
350 the popcorn only.
1 Solve a problem using the Guess,
Check, Revise strategy
$1 $2
79 1( ) 96( 2 ) 79 192
The total is correct.
271
Example.
1 During the intermission of a play, the Theater Club sold cups of popcorn and The popcorn price was $1 , and the soda price was $2 .
soda. The club sold 79 cups of popcorn and 96 sodas for a total of $271. If the
selling prices for popcorn and soda were in whole dollars, what was the selling Check Your Answer Is it possible to solve the problem in another way?
price of a cup of popcorn? Of a soda? Consider using logical reasoning.
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All rights reserved.
Understand the Problem • We know the prices must be in whole dollars. Since 271 96 2.8229,
the soda would cost at most $2.
Look at the information given to make an informed conjecture. • If the price of the soda were $2, then the theater club would earn 96 $2,
1. How many cups of popcorn and soda did the club sell? 175 or $192, from the sale of sodas.
2. How much money did the club raise from sales of popcorn and soda ? $271 • At a cost of $2 per soda, that would leave $271 $192, or $79, for sales
from popcorn.
Make and Carry Out a Plan Make a conjecture, and then test it. Use what • Since 79 cups of popcorn were sold, the price of a cup of popcorn could
you learn from your conjecture to make a better second conjecture. be $1.
3. When you make a conjecture for the selling prices of a cup of popcorn • Therefore, the solution of $2 for soda and $1 for a cup of popcorn
and a cup of soda, how can you use your conjecture to find the actual is correct.
selling prices of a cup of popcorn and a cup of soda?
Quick Check.
Test your conjecture by calculating the total price.
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1. Suppose the club sold the same number of cups of popcorn and soda as in
4. By what numbers do you multiply your conjecture for the selling prices of a
Example 1, but raised $446. What would have been the selling prices of a
cup of popcorn and a cup of soda to find the amount of money the club
cup of popcorn and a cup of soda?
would have raised by selling popcorn and soda at those selling prices?
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Popcorn Soda
Multiply the selling price of popcorn by 79 and the selling price of Total Price
Price Price
soda by 96.
You can organize conjectures in a table. As a first conjecture, try both with 1 1
79 1( ) 96( 1 ) 79 96
a price of $1. 175
Popcorn Soda
Total Price 2 2
79 2( ) 96( 2 ) 158 192
Price Price 350
$1 $1
( ) 96( 1 )
79 1 79 96 The total is too low .
Increase the price of
79 3( ) 96( 2 ) 237 192
3 2
175 the popcorn only. 429
$2 $1
( )
79 2 96 ( ) 1 158 96 The total is too low .
Increase the price
79 2( ) 96( 3 ) 158 288
254 2 3
of the soda. 446
Continue your table until the total is correct. The popcorn price would have been $2 , and the soda price would
have been $3 .
34 Pre-Algebra Lesson 2-7 Daily Notetaking Guide Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 2-7 35
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 2-8 Inequalities and Their Graphs 2 Writing Inequalities to Describe Graphs Write the inequality shown in
each graph.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Algebra a.
4 2
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1 Graph inequalities Topic: Equations and Inequalities 0 2 4 6
2 Write inequalities
Local Standards: ____________________________________ x 3
b.
Vocabulary. 4 2 0 2 4 6
An inequality is a mathematical sentence that contains , , , , or .
x3
All rights reserved.
All rights reserved.
A solution of an inequality is any number that makes the inequality true. 3 Writing Inequalities Food can be labeled very low sodium only if it meets
the requirements established by the federal government. Use the table to
write an inequality for this requirement.
Label Definition
Examples. Sodium-free food Less than 5 mg per serving
1 Graphing Solutions of Inequalities Graph the solutions of each Very low sodium food At most 35 mg per serving
inequality on a number line. Low-sodium food At most 140 mg per serving
a. x 2
Words a serving of very low sodium has at most 35 mg sodium
An open dot shows that 2 is not a solution.
the number of milligrams of sodium in
Let v = a serving of very low sodium food.
4 2 0 2 4 6
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
Shade all points to the right of 2. Inequality v 35
b. w 5
A closed dot shows that 5 is a solution. Quick Check.
1. Graph the solutions of each inequality.
4 2 0 2 4 6
a. z 2 b. 4 t
Shade all points to the right of 5.
2 0 0 4
c. k 4
A closed dot shows that 4 is a solution. c. a 5 d. 2 c
4 2 0 2 4 6 5 0 0 2
Shade all points to the left of 4. 2. Write an inequality for the graph.
d. y 6 x 3
3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
An open dot shows that 6 is not a solution.
3. Use the table from Example 3. A food is labeled sodium-free. Write an inequality
4 2 0 2 4 6 for n, the number of milligrams of sodium in a serving of sodium-free food.
Shade all points to the left of 6. n5
36 Pre-Algebra Lesson 2-8 Daily Notetaking Guide Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 2-8 37
All-In-One Answers Version A Pre-Algebra
9
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version A (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Solving One-Step Inequalities
Lesson 2-9 by Adding or Subtracting 2 Computers Suppose your computer’s hard drive has a capacity of
6 gigabytes (GB). The files you have stored on the hard drive occupy
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Algebra at least 2 GB. How much storage space is left for other files?
1 Solve one-step inequalities using Topic: Equations and Inequalities
subtraction
Words storage space is less than
plus storage space left or equal to total space
2 Solve one-step inequalities using Local Standards: ____________________________________ for your files
addition
Let s storage space available.
Inequality 2 s 6
Key Concepts.
2s 6
Subtraction Property of Inequality 2 2 s 6 2 Subtract 2 from each side.
All rights reserved.
All rights reserved.
You can subtract the same number from each side of an inequality.
s 4 Simplify.
Arithmetic Algebra
7 4, so 7 3 4 3 If a b, then a c b c . No more than 4 GB are left.
6 9, so 6 2 9 2 If a b, then a c b c . 3 Adding to Solve an Inequality Solve 10 13 q.
10 13 q
Addition Property of Inequality
You can add the same number to each side of an inequality. 10 13 13 13 q Add 13 to each side.
Arithmetic Algebra 3 q Simplify.
7 3, so 7 4 3 4 If a b, then a c b c .
2 5, so 2 6 5 6 If a b, then a c b c .
Quick Check.
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1. Solve each inequality. Graph the solutions.
Examples. a. 8 t 15 t7
0 2 4 6
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1 Subtracting to Solve an Inequality Solve each inequality. Graph
the solutions. b. 3 x7 x 10
a. 4 s 12 14 12 10 8
4 s 12
2. An airline lets you check up to 65 lb. of luggage. One suitcase weighs 37 lb.
4 s 4 12 4 Subtract 4 from each side. How much can the other suitcase weigh?
s 8 Simplify.
28 lb
1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
b. 16 y 14 3. Solve each inequality. Graph the solutions.
16 y 14 a. m 13 29 m 42
36 38 40 42
16 14 y 14 14 Add 14 to each side.
2 y or y 2 Simplify. b. t 5 11 t 16
10 12 14 16 18
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
38 Pre-Algebra Lesson 2-9 Daily Notetaking Guide Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 2-9 39
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Solving One-Step Inequalities
Lesson 2-10 by Multiplying or Dividing Examples.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Algebra 1 Dividing to Solve an Inequality A 1-ton truck has the ability to haul
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1 Solve one-step inequalities using Topic: Equations and Inequalities 1 ton, or 2,000 lb. At most, how many television sets can the truck carry if
division each TV set weighs 225 lb?
2 Solve one-step inequalities using Local Standards: ____________________________________
multiplication Words times is less than
number of televisions 225 lb or equal to 2,000 lb
Let x number of televisions.
Key Concepts.
Inequality x ? 225 2000
Division Properties of Inequality 255x 2,000
All rights reserved.
If you divide each side of an inequality by a positive number, you leave the
All rights reserved.
255x 2,000 225
direction of the inequality symbol unchanged. Divide each side by .
225 225
Arithmetic Algebra
x 8.8 Simplify.
3 6, so 33 63 If a b and c is positive, then ac bc .
At most, the truck can carry 8 television sets.
8 2, so 82 22 If a > b and c is positive, then ac bc .
Check Is the answer reasonable?
The total weight of 8 television sets is 8( 225 ) 1,800 lbs, which
If you divide each side of an inequality by a negative number, you reverse
is less than 2,000 lb but so close that another television set could not be
the direction of the inequality symbol.
carried. The answer is reasonable.
Arithmetic Algebra
If a < b and c is negative, then ac b
6 12 z
6 < 12, so 23 23 c. 2 Multiplying to Solve an Inequality Solve 28 2.
z
28
2
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16 8 b and c is negative, then ac bc .
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
16 8, so 24 24
If a
z
8 ( 28 ) 8 (2) Multiply each side by 8 .
z 16 Simplify.
Multiplication Properties of Inequality
If you multiply each side of an inequality by a positive number, you leave
the direction of the inequality symbol unchanged. Quick Check.
Arithmetic Algebra 1. Solve each inequality.
3 4, so 3(5) 4(5) If a b and c is positive, then ac bc. a. 4x 40 b. 21 3m
7 2, so 7(6) 2(6) If a b and c is positive, then ac bc. x 10 m 7
If you multiply each side of an inequality by a negative number, you
reverse the direction of the inequality symbol. c. 36 9t d. m 2
Arithmetic Algebra 4
t 4 m 8
6 9, so 6(2) 9(2) If a b and c is negative, then ac bc.
7 5, so 7(3) 5(3) If a b and c is negative, then ac bc. t
e. 23 7 f. 5 7r
t 21 r 35
40 Pre-Algebra Lesson 2-10 Daily Notetaking Guide 41
Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 2-10
10 Pre-Algebra All-In-One Answers Version A
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version A (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 3-1 Rounding and Estimating Examples.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Number Properties and Operations 3 Using Front-End Estimation You are buying some fruit. The bananas cost
$1.32, the apples cost $2.19, and the avocados cost $1.63. Use front-end
1 Round decimals Topic: Estimation
2
estimation to estimate the total cost of the fruit.
Estimate sums and differences
Local Standards: ____________________________________
1.32 S .30
Add the front-end digits. 2.19 S .20 t Estimate by rounding.
Examples.
1.63 S .60
1 Rounding Decimals
4 1.10 5.10
a. Round 8.7398 to the nearest tenth. b. Round 8.7398 to the nearest integer.
tenths place nearest integer is ones place The total cost is about $5.10 .
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All rights reserved.
8.7398 8.7398
less than 5 5 or greater
4 Using Clustering to Estimate Estimate the total electricity cost:
March $81.75; April: $79.56; May: $80.89.
down to 7 . Round up to 9 . 3 Months
S
8.7 9 The values cluster around $80 . S 80 ?3 240
The total electricity cost is about $240 .
2 Rounding to Estimate Estimate to find whether each answer is reasonable.
Calculation Estimate Calculation Estimate
$115.67 $ 120 $176.48 $ 180 Quick Check.
$ 83.21 $ 80 $ 39.34 $ 40 3. Estimate using front-end estimation.
$ 59.98 $ 60 $107.14 $ 140 a. 6.75 2.2 9.58
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
$258.86 $ 260 about 18.6
The answer is close to the The answer is not close to the
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estimate. It is reasonable . estimate. It is not reasonable .
b. $1.07 $2.49 $7.40
Quick Check. about $11
1. Identify the underlined place. Then round each number to that place.
a. 38.41 b. 0.7772 c. 7,098.56
tenths, 38.4 ones; 1 tenths; 7,098.6
4. Estimate using clustering.
a. $4.50 $5.50 $5.55
d. 274.9434 e. 5.025 f. 9.851
about $15
thousandths; 274.943 tenths; 5.0 hundredths; 9.85
2. Estimate by rounding. b. 26.7 26.2 24.52 23.9
a. 355.302 204.889 b. 453.56 230.07 about 100
about 560 about 220
42 Pre-Algebra Lesson 3-1 Daily Notetaking Guide Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 3-1 43
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 3-2 Estimating Decimal Products and Quotients 3 Estimating the Quotient The cost to ship one yearbook is $3.12. The total cost
for a shipment was $62.40. Estimate how many books were in the shipment.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Number Properties and Operations
3.12 3
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1 Estimate products Topic: Estimation Round the divisor.
2 Estimate quotients 62.40 60 Round the dividend to a multiple of 3 that is close to 62.40.
Local Standards: ____________________________________
60 3 20 Divide.
Vocabulary. The shipment is made up of about 20 books.
Compatible numbers are numbers that are easy to compute mentally.
4 Estimating to Determine Reasonableness Is 3.29 a reasonable quotient
for 31.423 ÷ 5.94?
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All rights reserved.
5.94 6 Round the divisor.
Examples. 31.423 30 Round the dividend to a multiple of 6 that is close to 31.423.
1 Estimating the Product Estimate 6.43 ? 4.7. 30 6 5 Divide.
6.43 6 4.7 5 Round to the nearest integer. Since 3.29 is not close to 5 , it is not reasonable.
6 ? 5 30 Multiply.
6.43 ? 4.7 30
Quick Check.
2 Joshua bought 3 yd of fabric to make a flag. The fabric cost $5.35/yd. The clerk
3. Estimate each quotient.
said his total was $14.95 before tax. Did the clerk make a mistake? Explain.
a. 38.9 1.79 b. 11.95 2.1 c. 82.52 4.25
5.35 5 Round to the nearest dollar.
about 20 about 6 about 20
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
5?3 15 Multiply 5 times 3 , the number of yards of fabric.
The sales clerk made a mistake . Since 5.35 5, the actual cost
should be more than the estimate. The clerk should have charged Joshua
more than $15.00 before tax.
Quick Check. 4. Use estimation. Is each quotient reasonable? Explain.
a. 1.564 2.3 0.68 b. 26.0454 4.98 10.12
1. Estimate each product.
Yes, 0.68 is close to an estimate of 0.8. No, 10.12 is not close to an estimate of 5.
a. 4.72 ? 1.8 b. 17.02 ? 3.78 c. 8.25 ? 19.8
10 68 160
2. Photography You buy 8 rolls of film for your camera. Each roll costs $4.79.
Estimate the cost of the film before tax.
about $40
44 Pre-Algebra Lesson 3-2 Daily Notetaking Guide Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 3-2 45
All-In-One Answers Version A Pre-Algebra
11
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version A (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 3-3 Mean, Median, and Mode 2 Identifying Outliers Use the data 7%, 4%, 10%, 33%, 11%, 12%.
a. Which data value is an outlier? The data value 33% is an outlier.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Data Analysis and Probability
It is an outlier because it is much greater than the other data values.
1 Find mean, median, and mode of a set Topic: Characteristics of Data Sets
of data b. How does the outlier affect the mean?
2 Choose the best measure of central Local Standards: ____________________________________
77 12.8 Find the mean with the outlier.
tendency 6
44 8.8 Find the mean without the outlier.
5
Vocabulary. 12.8 8.8 4.0
Three measures of central tendency are mean , median , and mode . The outlier raises the mean by about 4.0 points.
A mean is the sum of the data values divided by the number of data values.
All rights reserved.
All rights reserved.
3 Identifying the Best Measure Which measure of central tendency best
describes each situation? Explain.
A median is the middle number when data values are written in order. a. the monthly amount of rain for a year
Mean ; since the average monthly amount of rain for a year is
If there is an even number of data values, the median is the mean of the two middle numbers. not likely to have an outlier, mean is the appropriate measure.
When the data have no outliers, use the mean .
A mode is a data item that occurs most often. b. the most popular color of shirt
An outlier is a data value that is much greater than or less than the other data values. Mode ; since the data are not numerical, the mode is
the appropriate measure. When determining the most frequently chosen
item, or when the data are not numerical, use the mode .
Examples. c. time student leaves home to get to school
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1 Finding the Mean, Median, and Mode Six elementary students are Median ; since a few students may leave much earlier or much
participating in a one-week Readathon to raise money for a good cause. later than most of the studetns, the median is the appropriate
Use the graph to find the (a) mean, (b) median, and the (c) mode of the
All rights reserved.
data if you leave out the number of pages Latana has read. measure.When an outlier may significantly influence the mean, use
Lata
the median .
a. Mean sum of data values
Ma r
Larr
na
number of data values
Bett
Kyle
ita
y
Quick Check.
Nick
40 45 48 50 50
ina
5 1. Find the mean, median, and mode of each group of data.
233 a. 2.3 4.3 3.2 2.9 2.7 2.3
5
mean 2.95 , median 2.8 , mode 2.3
46.6
b. $20 $26 $27 $28 $21 $42 $18 $20
The mean is 46.6 .
b. Median: 40 45 48 50 50 Write the data in order. mean $25.25 , median $23.50 , mode $20
The median is the middle number, or 48 .
2. Find an outlier in each group of data below and tell how it affects the mean.
c. Mode: Find the data value that occurs most often. a. 9 10 12 13 8 9 31 9 b. 1 17.5 18 19.5 16 17.5
40 45 48 50 50
31; raises the mean by about 2.6 1; lowers the mean by about 2.8
The mode is 50 .
46 Pre-Algebra Lesson 3-3 Daily Notetaking Guide Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 3-3 47
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 3-4 Using Formulas Examples.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Algebra 2 Use the formula F n4 37, where n is the number of chirps a cricket
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1 Substitute into formulas Topic: Equations and Inequalities makes in one minute, and F is the temperature in degrees Fahrenheit.
2 Use the formula for the perimeter of Estimate the temperature when a cricket chirps 76 times in a minute.
a rectangle Local Standards: ____________________________________
F n + 37 Write the formula.
4
76
Vocabulary. F + 37 Replace n with 76 .
4
A formula is an equation that shows a relationship between quantities that are represented F 19 + 37 Divide.
by variables. F 56 Add.
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All rights reserved.
Perimeter is the distance around a figure.
The temperature is 56ºF .
3 Finding Perimeter Find the perimeter of a rectangular tabletop with a
length of 14.5 in. and width of 8.5 in. Use the formula for the perimeter of
Example. a rectangle, P 2ᐉ 2w.
P 2ᐉ 2w Write the formula.
1 Using a Formula Suppose you ride your bike 18 miles in 3 hours. Use the
formula d rt to find your average speed. P2 ( 14.5 2 )8.5 ( )
Replace ᐉ with 14.5 and w with 8.5 .
d rt Write the formula. P 29 17 Multiply.
18 (r) 3 ( ) Substitute 18 for d and 3 for t. P 46 Add.
18 3r Divide each side by 3 . 46
The perimeter of the tabletop is in.
3 3
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
6 r Simplify. Quick Check.
Your average speed is 6 mi/h. 2. Use the formula F n4 37 to estimate the temperature in degrees
Fahrenheit for each situation.
a. 96 chirps/min b. 88 chirps/min c. 66 chirps/min
Quick Check.
61°F 59°F 53.5°F
1. Use the formula d rt. Find d, r, or t.
a. d 273 mi, t 9.75 h b. d 540.75 in., r 10.5 in./yr
r 28 mi/h t 51.5 yr
3. Find the perimeter of each rectangle.
a. b.
16.8 cm 8.6 in.
27.3 cm 17.4 in.
88.2 cm 52 in.
48 Pre-Algebra Lesson 3-4 Daily Notetaking Guide 49
Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 3-4
12 Pre-Algebra All-In-One Answers Version A
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version A (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Solving Equations by Adding
Lesson 3-5 or Subtracting Decimals Examples.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Algebra 3 Adding to Solve an Equation Solve 23.34 q 16.99.
1 Solve one-step decimal equations Topic: Equations and Inequalities 23.34 q 16.99
involving addition 23.34 16.99 q 16.99 16.99 Add 16.99 to each side.
2 Solve one-step decimal equations Local Standards: ____________________________________
6.35 q Simplify.
involving subtraction
4 Solving a One-Step Equation by Adding Alejandro wrote a check for
Examples. $49.98. His new account balance is $169.45. What was his previous balance?
1 Subtracting to Solve an Equation Solve 6.8 p 9.7.
6.8 p 9.7 Words previous balance minus check is new balance
All rights reserved.
All rights reserved.
6.8 6.8 p 9.7 6.8 Subtract 6.8 from each side. Let p previous balance.
p 16.5 Simplify.
Equation p - 49.98 169.45
Check 6.8 p 9.7 p - 49.98 169.45
6.8 ( 16.5 )
ⱨ 9.7 Replace p with 16.5 .
p - 49.98 + 49.98 169.45 + 49.98 Add 49.98 to each side.
9.7 9.7 ✔
p 219.43 Simplify.
2 Solving a One-Step Equation by Subtracting Ping has a board that is
Alejandro had $219.43 in his account before he wrote the check.
14.5 ft long. She saws off a piece that is 8.75 ft long. Find the length left over.
14.5 ft
Quick Check.
x ft 8.75 ft
3. Solve each equation.
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
x + 8.75 14.5 a. n 5.85 15.25 b. 10 c 2.6
x + 8.75 - 8.75 14.5 - 8.75 Subtract 8.75 from each side. 21.1 7.4
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x 5.75 Simplify.
The length of the piece that is left is 5.75 ft.
Quick Check.
1. Solve each equation.
4. Shopping You spent $14.95 for a new shirt. You now have $12.48. Write and
a. x 4.9 18.8 b. 14.73 24.23 b
solve an equation to find how much money you had before you bought the shirt.
13.9 38.96
x 14.95 12.48; $27.43
2. Retail A store’s cost plus markup is the price you pay for an item. Suppose a
pair of shoes costs a store $35.48. You pay $70. Write and solve an equation to
find the store’s markup.
35.48 + m = 70; $34.52
50 Pre-Algebra Lesson 3-5 Daily Notetaking Guide Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 3-5 51
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Solving Equations by Multiplying 3 Solving a One-Step Equation by Multiplying A little league player was at bat
Lesson 3-6 or Dividing Decimals 15 times and had a batting average of 0.133 (rounded to the nearest thousandth).
The batting average formula is a h
n, where a is the batting average, h is the
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Algebra number of hits, and n is the number of times at bat. Use the formula to find the
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1 Solve one-step decimal equations Topic: Equations and Inequalities number of hits she made.
involving multiplication
2 Solve one-step decimal equations Local Standards: ____________________________________ a h
n
involving division
h
0.133 Replace a with 0.133 and n with 15 .
15
Examples.
h
1 Solving a One-Step Equation by Dividing Every day the school cafeteria
0.133 ( 15 )
15
( 15 ) Multiply each side by 15 .
uses about 85.8 gallons of milk. About how many days will it take for the
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All rights reserved.
cafeteria to use the 250 gallons in the refrigerator? 1.995 h Simplify.
daily milk number Since h (hits) represents an integer,
Words
consumption
times
of days
equals 250 gallons 2 h round to the nearest integer.
Let x number of days. The little league player made 2 hits.
Equation 85.8 ? x 250
85.8x 250 Quick Check.
85.8x 250
Divide each side by 85.8 . 1. Solve each equation. Check the solution.
85.8 85.8
a. 0.8x 1.6 b. 1.15 2.3x c. 81.81 0.9n
x 2.914 . . . Simplify. 2 0.5 90.9
x 3 Round to the nearest whole number.
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
The school will take about 3 days to use 250 gallons of milk.
r 0.5 s 5 t
d. 26.0 e. 2.5 f. 80 4.5
c
2 Multiplying to Solve an Equation Solve 37.5 21.2
3 12.5 360
c
37.5 1.2
c
37.5 ( 1.2 ) 1.2 ( 1.2 ) Multiply each side by 1.2 .
45 c Simplify.
2. Postage You paid $7.70 to mail a package that weighed 5.5 lb. Write and
c solve an equation to find the cost per pound.
Check 37.5
21.2
5.5p 7.70; $1.40
45
37.5 ⱨ Replace c with 45 .
1.2
37.5 37.5 ✔ Simplify. 3. Suppose your batting average is 0.222. You have batted 54 times. How
many hits do you have?
12 hits
52 Pre-Algebra Lesson 3-6 Daily Notetaking Guide Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 3-6 53
All-In-One Answers Version A Pre-Algebra
13
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version A (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 3-7 Using the Metric System 2 Converting Between Metric Units Complete each statement.
a. 7,603 mL L
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Measurement
7,603 1,000 7.603 To convert from milliliters to liters, divide by 1,000 .
1 Identify appropriate metric measures Topic: System of Measurement
2 Convert metric units 7,603 mL 7.603 L
Local Standards: ____________________________________
b. 4.57 m cm
4.57 100 457 cm To convert meters to centimeters, multiply by 100 .
Key Concepts.
4.57 m 457 cm
Metric Units of Measurement
3 Converting Lengths A blue whale caught in 1931 was about
Unit Reference Example
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All rights reserved.
2,900 cm long. What was its length in meters?
millimeter ( )mm about the thickness of a dime length in centimeters
length in
centimeters per meter
Words
meters
centimeter ( cm ) about the width of a thumbnail
Length
about the distance from a doorknob Equation 2,900 100 29
meter ( m )
to the floor
The whale was about 29 m long.
kilometer ( km ) a little more than one half mile
Quick Check.
milliliter ( mL ) about 5 drops of water
Capacity 1. Choose a reasonable estimate. Explain your choice.
liter ( L ) a little more than a quart of milk a. distance between two cities: 50 mm or 50 km
milligram ( mg ) about the mass of a speck of sawdust 50 km; millimeters are used to measure very small lengths.
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
Mass gram ( g ) about the mass of a paper clip
about one half the mass of your b. amount of liquid that an eyedropper holds: 10 mL or 10 L
kilogram ( kg )
math book
10 mL; the eyedropper holds several drops of water but much less
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than a liter.
2. Complete each statement.
Examples. a. 35 mL 0.035 L b. 250,000 g 250 kg c. 6,000 cm 60 m
1 Estimating With Metric Units Choose a reasonable estimate.
Explain your choice. 3. a. The record for the highest a kite has flown is 3.8 km. Find the height of
the kite in meters.
a. capacity of a drinking glass: 500 L or 500 mL
500 mL ; a drinking glass holds less than a quart of milk. 3,800 m
b. mass of a pair of hiking boots: 1kg or 1g
1 kg ; the mass is about one half the mass of your math book. b. Number Sense You have a recipe that requires 0.25 L of milk. Your
measuring cup is marked only in milliliters. How many milliliters of milk
do you need?
250 mL
54 Pre-Algebra Lesson 3-7 Daily Notetaking Guide Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 3-7 55
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 3-8 Act It Out
Quick Check.
Lesson Objective Local Standards: ____________________________________
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1 Solve problems by acting them out 1. Complete the chart to check your answer to Example 1.
Days After Number of Amount
the First Pennies
Example. 0 1 $.01
1 Currency Marta gives her sister one penny on the first day of October, two 1 2 $.02
pennies on the second day, and four pennies on the third day. She continues
to double the number of pennies each day. On what date will Marta give her 2 2?2 4 $.04
sister $10.24 in pennies?
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3 4?2 8
All rights reserved.
$.08
Understand the Problem Marta needs to give her sister pennies worth
4 8?2 16 $.16
$ 10.24 . Marta gives her one penny on the first day. She
doubles the number of pennies every day. 5 16 ? 2 32 $.32
1. How many pennies does Marta’s sister get on the first day? 1 6 32 ? 2 64 $.64
2. How many pennies does Marta’s sister get on the second day? 2 7 64 ? 2 128 $1.28
3. How many pennies does Marta’s sister get on the third day? 4
8 128 ? 2 256 $2.56
Make and Carry Out a Plan Act out the problem. Keep track of the amount
given each day in a chart. 9 256 ? 2 512 $5.12
Days After Number of 10 512 ? 2 1,024 $10.24
Amount
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the First Pennies
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
0 1 $.01
1 2 $.02
2 2?2 4 $.04
3 4?2 8 $.08
4 8?2 16 $.16
5 16 ? 2 32 $.32
You can tell from the pattern in the chart that you just need to count the number
of 2’s multiplied until you reach 1,024 , which is $ 10.24 in pennies.
2?2?2?2?2?2?2?2?2?2 1,024
10 twos 10 days after the first penny is given
Marta will give her sister $10.24 in pennies on October 11 .
56 Pre-Algebra Lesson 3-8 Daily Notetaking Guide 57
Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 3-8
14 Pre-Algebra All-In-One Answers Version A
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version A (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 4-1 Divisibility and Factors 2 Divisibility by 3 and 9 Is the first number divisible by the second?
a. 1,028 by 3 No ; 1 + 0 + 2 + 8 = 11; 11 is not divisible by 3 .
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Number Properties and Operations
b. 522 by 9 Yes ; 5 + 2 + 2 = 9; 9 is divisible by 9 .
1 Use divisibility tests Topic: Properties of Number and Operations
2 Find factors
Local Standards: ____________________________________ 3 Using Factors Ms. Washington’s class is having a class photo taken. Each
row must have the same number of students. There are 35 students in the
class. How can Ms. Washington arrange the students in rows if there must be
Vocabulary and Key Concepts. at least 5 students, but no more than 10 students, in each row?
Find pairs of factors of 35: 1 ? 35 , 5 ? 7
Divisibility Rules for 2, 5, and 10
There can be 5 rows of 7 students, or 7 rows of 5 students.
An integer is divisible by
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All rights reserved.
• 2 if it ends in 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8.
Quick Check.
• 5 if it ends in 0 or 5.
1. Is the first number divisible by the second? Explain.
• 10 if it ends in 0.
a. 160 by 5
Even numbers end in 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8 and are divisible by 2 .
Yes; 160 ends in 0.
Odd numbers end in 1, 3, 5, 7, or 9 and are not divisible by 2.
b. 56 by 10
No; 56 does not end in 0.
Divisibility Rules for 3 and 9 c. 53 by 2
An integer is divisible by No; 53 does not end in 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8.
• 3 if the sum of its digits is divisible by 3. d. 1,118 by 2
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
• 9 if the sum of its digits is divisible by 9. Yes; 1,118 ends in 8.
e. 64 by 9
One integer is divisible by another if the remainder is 0 when you divide. No; the sum of the digits, 10, is not divisible by 9.
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f. 472 by 3
One integer is a factor of another integer if it divides the integer with a remainder of 0. No; the sum of the digits, 13, is not divisible by 3.
g. 174 by 3
Yes; the sum of the digits, 12, is divisible by 3.
Examples. h. 43,542 by 9
Yes; the sum of the digits, 18, is divisible by 9.
1 Divisibility by 2, 5, and 10 Is the first number divisible by the second?
a. 1,028 by 2 2. List the positive factors of each number.
Yes ; 1,028 ends in 8 . a. 10 1, 2, 5, 10 b. 21 1, 3, 7, 21
b. 572 by 5 c. 24 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 d. 31 1, 31
No ; 572 doesn’t end in 0 or 5 .
3. What are the possible arrangements for Example 3 if there are
c. 275 by 10 36 students in Ms. Washington’s class?
No ; 275 doesn’t end in 0 . 4 rows of 9 students, or 6 rows of 6 students
58 Pre-Algebra Lesson 4-1 Daily Notetaking Guide Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 4-1 59
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 4-2 Exponents 2 Science Suppose a certain star is 10 4 light-years from Earth. How many
light-years is that?
The exponent indicates that the base 10 is
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Algebra 10 4 10 10 10 10
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1 Use exponents Topic: Variables, Expressions, and Operations used as a factor 4 times.
2 Use the order of operations with
exponents Local Standards: ____________________________________
10,000 light-years Multiply.
Vocabulary and Key Concepts. 3 Using the Order of Operations
a. Simplify 3(1 4) 3.
Order of Operations ( )
3(1 4) 3 3 5 3 Work within parentheses first.
1. Work inside grouping symbols.
3? 125 Simplify 5 3.
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All rights reserved.
2. Simplify any terms with exponents .
375 Multiply.
3. Multiply and divide in order from left to right.
b. Evaluate 7(w 3) 3 z, for w 5 and z 6.
4. Add and subtract in order from left to right.
7(w 3) 3 z 7 ( 5 3)3 6 Replace w with 5 and z with 6.
Exponents are used to show repeated multiplication.
7 ( 2 )3 6 Work within parentheses.
7( 8 ) 6 Simplify (2)3.
56 6 Multiply from left to right.
A power has two parts, a base and an exponent .
50 Add.
exponent
Quick Check.
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
6 the value of
base 2 2 ? 2 ? 2 ? 2 ? 2 ? 2 64 d the expression 1. Write using exponents.
{
a. 6 ? 6 ? 6 b. 4 ? y ? x ? y c. (3)(3)(3)(3)
power The base is used as
a factor six times. 63 4xy 2 (3) 4
Examples.
2. a. Simplify 6 2. b. Evaluate a 4 and (a) 4, for a 2.
1 Using an Exponent Write using exponents.
36 16; 16
a. (11)(11)(11)(11)
( 11 )4 Include the negative sign within parentheses.
b. 5 ? x ? x ? y ? y ? x
Rewrite the expression using the Commutative 3. a. Simplify 2 ? 5 2 4 ? (3) 3. b. Evaluate 3a 2 6, for a 5.
5 ? x ? x ? x ? y ? y
and Associative Properties. 58 81
3 2
5x y Write x x x and y y using exponents.
60 Pre-Algebra Lesson 4-2 Daily Notetaking Guide Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 4-2 61
All-In-One Answers Version A Pre-Algebra
15
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version A (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Prime Factorization and
Lesson 4-3 Greatest Common Factor 3 Finding the GCF Find the GCF of each pair of numbers and expressions.
a. 24 and 30
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Number Properties and Operations
24 2 3 ? 3
1 Find the prime factorization of Topic: Properties of Number and Operations Write the prime factorizations.
a number 30 2 ? 3 ? 3
2 Find the greatest common factor Local Standards: ____________________________________ Find the common factors. Use the lesser power of
(GCF) of two or more numbers GCF 2 ? 3
the common factors.
6
Vocabulary.
The GCF of 24 and 30 is 6 .
A prime number is a positive integer greater than 1 with exactly two factors, 1 and the
b. 36ab 2 and 81b
number itself.
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All rights reserved.
2 2 2 2
36ab 2 ? 3 ? a ? b Write the prime factorizations.
A composite number is a positive integer greater than 1 with more than two factors. 4
81b 3 ? b Find the common factors.
Use the lesser power of the
The prime factorization of a number is a written form of a number as the product of its GCF 3 2 ? b
common factors.
prime factors. 9b
The greatest common factor (GCF) is the greatest of all common factors of two or more
The GCF of 36ab 2 and 81b is 9b .
numbers.
Quick Check.
Examples.
1. a. Which numbers from 10 to 20 are prime?
1 Prime or Composite? State whether each number is prime or composite. 11, 13, 17, 19
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
Explain.
a. 46 b. Which are composite?
Composite ; 46 has more than two factors, 1, 2 , 23 , and 46 . 10, 12, 14, 15, 16, 18, 20
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b. 13
2. Write the prime factorization of each number.
Prime ; 13 has exactly two factors, 1 and 13 .
a. 72 b. 121 c. 225 d. 236
23 32 112 32 52 22 59
2 Writing the Prime Factorization Use a factor tree to write the prime
factorization of 273.
273
Start with a prime factor.
Prime 3 ? 91 3. Use prime factorizations to find each GCF.
Continue branching.
a. 8, 20 b. 12, 87 c. 12r 3, 8r d. 15m 2 n, 45m
Stop when all factors 4 3 4r 15m
Primes 7 ? 13 are prime.
273 3 ? 7 ? 13 Write the prime factorization.
62 Pre-Algebra Lesson 4-3 Daily Notetaking Guide Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 4-3 63
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 4-4 Simplifying Fractions Examples.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Number Properties and Operations 2 You learn that 21 out of the 28 students in a class, or 21
28
, buy their lunches in
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1 Find equivalent fractions Topic: Number Operations the cafeteria. Write this fraction in simplest form.
2 Write fractions in simplest form
Local Standards: ____________________________________
21 7 Divide the numerator and
21
28 = denominator by the GCF, 7 .
28 7
Vocabulary.
3
Two fractions are equivalent if they describe the same part of a whole. = Simplify.
4
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All rights reserved.
3
3 of the bar is shaded. of the students in the class buy their lunches in the cafeteria.
4 3 ? 3
3 9
4
12 4
9 of the bar is shaded.
12 4 ? 3
3 Simplifying a Fraction Write in simplest form.
p p 1 Divide the numerator and denominator by the
A fraction is in simplest form when the numerator and the denominator have no factors in a. 2p
1 common factor p .
common other than 1. 2p
1
Example. Simplify.
2
1 Finding an Equivalent Fraction Find two fractions equivalent to 18
21. 2 ? 7 ? q ? q ? r ? s ? s ? s
14q2rs3
18 ? 2 18 3 b. = Write as a product of prime factors.
8qrs2 2 ? 2 ? 2 ? q ? r ? s ? s
a. 18
21 b. 18
21
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
21 ? 2 21 3 1 1 1 1 1
2 ? 7 ? q ? q ? r ? s ? s ? s Divide the numerator and denominator
= by the common factors.
1 1 1 1 1
36 6 2 ? 2 ? 2 ? q ? r ? s ? s
42 7 7 ? q ? s
= Simplify.
36 6 2 ? 2
The fractions and are both equivalent to 18
21.
42 7 7qs
= Simplify.
4
Quick Check.
1. Find two fractions equivalent to each fraction.
Sample answers are shown: Quick Check.
1 , 10 2. Write each fraction in simplest form.
5
a. 15 3 30 6 3 9 3 28
2 3 7 4
6 9 28
a. 8 b. 12 c. 35
5 , 20 8 2 4 12 3 4 35 7 5
b. 10
12 6 24
1 n 24x2y 3x
b 2mn
d. abc e. 6m f. 8xy
7 , 28
c. 14
20 10 40 ac 3 1
64 Pre-Algebra Lesson 4-4 Daily Notetaking Guide 65
Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 4-4
16 Pre-Algebra All-In-One Answers Version A
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version A (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 4-5 Solve a Simpler Problem Example.
Lesson Objective
4. What pattern do you see?
NAEP 2005 Strand: Algebra
1 Solve complex problems by first Topic: Patterns, Relations, and Functions Check students’ work.
solving simpler cases
Local Standards: ____________________________________ 5. How many different groups of two committee members are there?
10
Example. Look Back and Check
1 Aaron, Chris, Maria, Sonia, and Ling are on a class committee. They want to Another way to solve this problem is to use a diagram. Draw line
choose two members to present their conclusions to the class. How many segments to represent the number of different groups of two members
different groups of two members can they form? that can be formed.
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All rights reserved.
Aaron
Understand the Problem
1. What do you need to find?
the number of different groups of two members that can be formed
2. How many people are there in all? Maria Chris
5
3. How many people will present their conclusions?
2
Make and Carry Out a Plan Sonia Ling
To make sure that you account for every pair of committee members, make an
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
There are 10 line segments. The answer checks. ✔
organized list.
Solve a simpler problem. Change the problem to a simpler one based on three
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committee members, and then try four members to see if there is a pattern. Quick Check.
Three Members Four Members 1. Suppose there were eight people on the committee. How many different
(Aaron, Chris, Maria) (Aaron, Chris, Maria, Sonia) groups of two committee members would there be?
Chris
Chris 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 28
Aaron Aaron Maria
Maria
Sonia
Maria
Chris Maria Chris
Sonia
Maria Sonia
(Chris has already been paired with (Maria has already been paired with
Aaron .) Aaron and Chris .)
66 Pre-Algebra Lesson 4-5 Daily Notetaking Guide Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 4-5 67
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 4-6 Rational Numbers Examples.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strands: Number Properties and Operations;
2 Graphing a Rational Number Graph each rational number on the
number line below.
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1 Identify and graph rational numbers Algebra
2 Evaluate fractions containing Topics: Number Sense; Variables, Expressions, and a. 234 b. 0.5 c. 0 d. 13
variables Operations
Local Standards: ____________________________________ 1 3 0 1 0.5 1
4 3
Vocabulary.
3 Science A fast sports car can accelerate from a stop to 90 ft/s in 5 seconds.
a
A rational number is any number you can write as a quotient b of two integers, where b is What is its acceleration in feet per second per second (ft/s2)? Use the formula
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All rights reserved.
not zero. f2i
a5 t , where a is acceleration, f is final speed, i is initial speed, and
t is time.
Rational Numbers f i
7 a t
Use the acceleration formula.
6 4
7 8
Integers
90 0
Substitute.
1 Whole 12 5
3 6
Numbers 0.25
4 90
3
7 75 0 3 Subtract.
1 103 5
7
21.84 2 18 Write in simplest form.
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
The car’s acceleration is 18 ft/s 2.
Example. Quick Check.
2. Graph each rational number on the number line below.
1 Writing Equivalent Fractions Write two lists of fractions equivalent to 23.
4 6 a. 212 4
b. 210 c. 2 d. 0.9
2
3 6 9 ... Numerators and denominators are positive.
2 1 0 0.9 2
2
2
2 4 4
... 10
3 Numerators and denominators are negative.
3 6
3. Evaluate each expression for a 6 and b 5. Write in simplest form.
Quick Check. 1b
a. a 23 2b
b. 7 3a c. a 1
b
9
1. Write three fractions equivalent to each fraction.
1
3
2
3
3
2 22 21 10 210 25
a. 13 6 26 23 b. 58 16 216 28
8 24 4 2 21 1
c. 245 210 5 25 d. 212 24 2 22
68 Pre-Algebra Lesson 4-6 Daily Notetaking Guide Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 4-6 69
All-In-One Answers Version A Pre-Algebra
17
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version A (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 4-7 Exponents and Multiplication Examples.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Algebra
2 Using the Commutative Property Simplify 3a 3 ? 5a 4.
1 Multiply powers with the same base Topic: Variables, Expressions, and Operations Use the Commutative Property
3a 3 ? 5a 4 3 ? 5 ? a 3 ? a 4
2 Find a power of a power of Multiplication.
Local Standards: ____________________________________
3 4
15a Add the exponents.
Key Concepts. 15a7 Simplify.
Multiplying Powers with the Same Base 3 Simplifying Powers of Powers Simplify each expression.
To multiply numbers or variables with the same base, add the 3 3
a. (2 3 ) 3 (2) Multiply the exponents.
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All rights reserved.
exponents.
9
(2) Simplify the exponent.
Arithmetic Algebra
23 ? 24 2 3 4
2 7
a
m
?a
n
a
m n
, for positive integers m and n. 512 Simplify.
5 4
b. ( g 5 ) 4 g Multiply the exponents.
Finding a Power of a Power
20
To find a power of a power, multiply the exponents. (g) Simplify the exponent.
Arithmetic Algebra
Quick Check.
3 ? 4 12 m ? n
(2 3 ) 4 2 2 (a m ) n a , for positive integers m and n.
2. Simplify each expression.
a. 6a 3 ? 3a b. 5c 2 ? 3c 7 c. 4x 2 ? 3x 4
Example. 18a 4 15c 9 12x 6
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1 Multiplying Powers Simplify each expression.
2 3 Add the exponents of powers with the same base.
a. 5 2 ? 5 3 5
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5
5 Simplify the exponent.
3,125 Simplify.
5 7 2 1 Add the exponents of powers with the same base. 3. Simplify each expression.
b. x 5 ? x 7 ? y 2 ? y x ?y
3 a. (2 4 ) 2 b. (c 5 ) 4 c. (m 3 ) 2
x 12 y Simplify.
256 c 20 m6
Quick Check.
1. Simplify each expression.
a. 2 2 ? 2 3 b. m 5 ? m 7 c. x 2 ? x 3 ? y ? y 4
32 m 12 x5y5
70 Pre-Algebra Lesson 4-7 Daily Notetaking Guide Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 4-7 71
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 4-8 Exponents and Division Examples.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Algebra 2 Simplifying When Zero is an Exponent Simplify each expression.
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1 Divide expressions containing Topic: Variables, Expressions, and Operations (212) 73 73
exponents a. (12) 73 Subtract the exponents.
2 Simplify expressions with integer Local Standards: ____________________________________ (212) 73
0
exponents (12) Simplify.
1 Simplify.
Key Concepts.
20 1
b. 8s 20 s 0 Subtract 8.
the exponents. Simplify 32
Dividing Powers With the Same Base 32s 4
All rights reserved.
To divide numbers or variables with the same nonzero base, subtract
All rights reserved.
14 ? 1 Simplify s 0.
the exponents.
Arithmetic Algebra 1
Multiply.
45 4 5 2 4 3 am a m n , for a 0 and positive integers m and n. 4
42 an
4
Zero as an Exponent Negative Exponents 3 Using Positive Exponents Simplify z15.
z
Arithmetic Algebra Arithmetic Algebra
z4 4 15 Subtract the exponents.
30 1 a 0 1 , for a 0. 3–2 12 a–n 1n, for a 0. z
3 a z15
11
z
1
Write with a positive exponent.
Example. z 11
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1 Dividing a Power by a Power Simplify each expression. 2 3
12
4 Using Negative Exponents Write a b15 without a fraction bar.
12 8
a. 4 8 4 Subtract the exponents. ab
4
a2b3 2 1 3 15
4 4
Simplify the exponent. a b Use the rule for dividing powers with the same base.
ab15
256 Simplify. 12
ab Subtract the exponents.
18 18 13
b. w13 w Subtract the exponents.
w
5 Quick Check.
w Simplify the exponent.
2. Simplify each expression.
Quick Check. 2 6 5 5 1 3y8 1
a. 5 x6 b. 47 16 c. 3y4
1. Simplify each expression. 5x 4 9y12
7 25 5
a. 104 b. x18 c. 12m 3. Write each fraction without a fraction bar.
10 x 3m
3 3 2 xy5
1,000
a. b9 b 6 b. m6n8 m 3 n 6 c. x 4 y 2
x7 4m 4 b m n x5y3
72 Pre-Algebra Lesson 4-8 Daily Notetaking Guide 73
Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 4-8
18 Pre-Algebra All-In-One Answers Version A
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version A (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 4-9 Scientific Notation Examples.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Number Properties and Operations
2 Writing in Standard Notation Write each number in standard notation.
1 Write and evaluate numbers in Topic: Number Sense a. 3.6 10 4 b. 7.2 10 3
scientific notation Write zeros while moving the
Local Standards: ____________________________________
3.6000 007.2
2 Calculate with scientific notation decimal point.
36,000 Rewrite in standard notation. 0.0072
Vocabulary. 3 Chemistry One mole of any element contains about 6.02 10 23 atoms. If
each hydrogen atom has a mass of approximately 1.67 10 27 kg, what is
Scientific notation is a way to write numbers using powers of 10. A number written in
the approximate mass of one mole of hydrogen atoms?
scientific notation is written as the product of two factors.
(6.02 10 23)(1.67 10 27)
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All rights reserved.
Multiply the number of atoms by the mass of each atom.
Second factor is
12 6.02 1.67 10 23 10 27 Use the Commutative Property of Multiplication.
7,500,000,000,000 7.5 10 a power of 10 .
10.1 10 23 10 27 Multiply 6.02 and 1.67.
4
10.1 10 Add the exponents.
First factor is greater than or
1 4 1
equal to 1 , but less than 10 . 1.01 10 10 Write 10.1 as 1.01 10 .
3
1.01 10 Add the exponents.
You can change numbers from scientific notation to standard notation
by simplifying the product of the two factors. One mole of hydrogen atoms has a mass of approximately 1.01 10 3 kg.
Quick Check.
Examples.
1. Write each number in scientific notation.
1 Writing in Scientific Notation
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
a. 54,500,000 b. 0.00021
a. About 6,300,000 people visited the Eiffel Tower in the year 2000. Write
this number in scientific notation. 5.45 10 7 2.1 10 4
Move the decimal point to get a decimal greater than 1
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6,300,000 2. Write each number in standard notation.
but less than 10 . a. 3.21 10 7 b. 5.9 10 8
6 places 32,100,000 0.000000059
6.3 Drop the zeros after the 3.
3. Multiply (7.1 10 8 )(8 10 4 ). Express the result in scientific notation.
You moved the decimal point 6 places. The number is
5.68 10 3
6
6.3 10 large. Use 6 as the exponent of 10.
b. Write 0.00037 in scientific notation.
Move the decimal point to get a decimal greater than 1
0.00037 4. Chemistry A hydrogen atom has a mass of 1.67 10 27 kg. What is the
but less than 10 . mass of 6 10 3 hydrogen atoms? Express the result in scientific notation.
4 places
3.7 Drop the zeros after the 3. 1.002 10 23 kg
4 You moved the decimal point 4 places. The number is
3.7 10
small. Use 4 as the exponent of 10.
74 Pre-Algebra Lesson 4-9 Daily Notetaking Guide Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 4-9 75
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
4 Ordering Fractions Order 2 37 , 1, 41 , and 23 from least to greatest.
Lesson 5-1 Comparing and Ordering Rational Numbers
All negative numbers are less than all positive numbers, so 2 73 and -1
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Number Properties and Operations
are both less than 41 and 23. Compare each pair.
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1 Find the least common multiple Topic: Number Sense
-1 =- 1
2 Compare fractions
Local Standards: ____________________________________ Change -1 to a fraction by using 1 as its denominator.
1
The LCM of 1 and 7 is 7 . Use 7 as the common
7 -7
-1 ? denominator.
1
Vocabulary. 7 7
A multiple is a product of a number and any nonzero whole number. 1 ? 21 21 The LCM of 7, 4, and 3 is 84 .
1
4 Use 84 as the common denominator.
4 ? 21 84
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All rights reserved.
A least common multiple (LCM) is the lowest multiple that is common to two or more
2 ? 28 56
numbers. 2
3
3 ? 28 84
A least common denominator (LCD) is the least common multiple of the denominators of
two or more fractions. - 7 - 3 and 21 56 , so -1 - 3 1 2.
7 7 84 84 7 4 3
Examples. Quick Check.
1 Using the LCM Today, the school’s baseball and soccer teams had games. 1. Use multiples to find the LCM.
The baseball team plays every 7 days. The soccer team plays every 3 days.
a. 3, 4 12 b. 4, 5 20 c. 3, 4, 5 60
When will the teams have games on the same day again?
7, 14, 21 , 28 , 35 , 42 ,... List the multiples of 7.
3, 6, 9 , 12 , 15 , 18 , 21 ,... List the multiples of 3.
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
The LCM is 21 . In 21 days both teams will have games on the same 2. Use prime factorization to find the LCM.
day again. a. 6, 16 48 b. 9, 15 c. 12, 15, 18
45 180
2 Using Prime Factorization Find the LCM of 16 and 36.
16 24 Write the prime factorizations.
36 22 ? 32
3. Find the LCM.
LCM 24 ? 32 Use the greatest power of each factor. a. 12x, 15xy b. 8m2, 14m4 c. 25y2, 15x
144 Multiply. 60xy 56m4 75xy2
The LCM of 16 and 36 is 144 .
3 Finding the LCM of Variable Expressions Find the LCM of 5a 4 and 15a.
5a 4 5 ? a4
4. Compare the fractions in each pair.
15a 3 ? 5 ? a Write the prime factorizations.
a. 67 54 b. 23 34 c. 234 210
˛
7 ˛
LCM 3 ? 5 ? a4 Use the greatest power of each factor.
5. Order from least to greatest.
15a 4 Multiply.
5 1, 5 ,2 3 , 1, 1, 7 1, 3 ,1, 7
a. 23 , 16 , 12 6 12 3 b. 10 5 10 2 12
The LCM of 5a 4 and 15a is 15a 4 . 5 2 12
76 Pre-Algebra Lesson 5-1 Daily Notetaking Guide Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 5-1 77
All-In-One Answers Version A Pre-Algebra
19
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version A (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 5-2 Fractions and Decimals Example.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Number Properties and Operations
3 Writing a Repeating Decimal as a Fraction Write 0.18 as a fraction in
1
simplest form.
Write fractions as decimals Topic: Number Sense
2 Write terminating and repeating n 0.18 Let the variable n equal the decimal.
decimals as fractions Local Standards: ____________________________________
Because 2 digits repeat, multiply each side by
100 n 苶
18.18 2
10 , or 100 .
Vocabulary. n
100 苶
18.18
The Subtraction Property of Equality lets you
A terminating decimal is a decimal with a finite number of digits. n 0.18 subtract the same value from each side of the
equation. So, subtract to eliminate 0.18.
A repeating decimal is a decimal in which the same block of digits repeats without end. 99n 18
All rights reserved.
All rights reserved.
99n 18
Examples. Divide each side by 99 .
99 99
1 Writing Fractions as Decimals Write each fraction as a decimal. State the
block of digits that repeats. 9
18 Divide the numerator and denominator by the
n
a. 56 56 0.83333... Divide. 99 9 GCF, 9 .
0.83 Place a bar over the digit that repeats.
2
5 Simplify.
0.83 ; the digit that repeats is 3 . 11
6
7 2
b. 11 7 11 0.636363... Divide.
As a fraction in simplest form, 0.18 .
11
0.63 Place a bar over the block of digits
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
that repeats.
7
Quick Check.
0.63 ; the block of digits that repeats is 63 .
11 1. Write each fraction as a decimal. State whether the decimal is terminating or
repeating. If the decimal repeats, state the block of digits that repeats.
All rights reserved.
2 Writing a Decimal as a Fraction Write 1.72 as a mixed number in 7 21
a. 9 0.7, repeating; 7 b. 22 0.954; repeating; 5 and 4
simplest form.
72 Keep the whole number 1. 11 8
1.72 1 c. 8 1.375; terminating d. 11 0.72; repeating; 7 and 2
100 Write seventy-two hundredths as a fraction.
2. Write as a fraction or a mixed number in simplest form.
72 4 Divide the numerator and denominator.
1 a. 1.75 b. 0.65
4 of the fraction by the GCF, 4 . 13 13
100 4 20
18
1 Simplify.
25
3. Write each decimal as a fraction in simplest form.
a. 0.7 7 b. 0.54 6
9 11
78 Pre-Algebra Lesson 5-2 Daily Notetaking Guide Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 5-2 79
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 5-3 Adding and Subtracting Fractions Example.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Number Properties and Operations 3 Adding Mixed Numbers Suppose one day you rode a bicycle for
3 1 hours and jogged for 1 1 hours. How many hours did you exercise?
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1 Add and subtract fractions Topic: Number Operations 2 4
2 Add and subtract mixed numbers
Local Standards: ____________________________________ 7 5
3 21 1 41 Write mixed numbers as improper fractions.
2 4
Examples. 7 ? 4 5 ? 2
Rewrite using a common denominator.
1 Like Denominators Find each sum or difference. Simplify if possible. 2 ? 4
a. 4 2 b. 12 5
4 2
=
Add the 12 5 Subtract the 28 10
9 9 =
All rights reserved.
9 numerators. b b numerators. Use the Order of Operations to simplify.
All rights reserved.
b 8
6
= Simplify. 7 38
9 = Simplify.
Add.
b 8
2
= Write in 6
3 simplest form. 4 Write as a mixed number.
8
2 Unlike Denominators Simplify each difference.
3
a. 1 ? 4 3 ? 6 4 Simplify.
1
6
34 = Rewrite using a common denominator. 4
6 ? 4
You exercised for 43
4 hours.
4 18
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
= Use the Order of Operations to simplify.
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
24 Quick Check.
14 2. Simplify each sum or difference.
= Simplify.
24
2 1
a. 3 2 5 b. 2 7 1 3 c. 3 2 m
2
8 4 7
7
= Write in simplest form. 7 21 3m 2 14
15 8 7m
12
b. 3 7 2 1 3 7
2 5
2 ? 16 5 ? y d. 5 4 1 8 e. 5 3 2 3 6 f. 2 8 1 8
y 16 =
Rewrite using a common denominator.
y ? 16
65 21 31
32 5y 8 2 4
= Simplify.
16y
3. A recipe for punch calls for 1 12 qt of orange juice, 1 14 qt of ginger ale, and
Quick Check.
3
1. Find the sum or difference. Simplify if possible. 4 qt of cranberry juice. How many quarts of punch will the recipe make?
c. y 1 a2 y b y6
3 1 2 3 11 5
a. 7 1 7 47 b. k 1 k k5
3 1 qt
2
80 Pre-Algebra Lesson 5-3 Daily Notetaking Guide 81
Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 5-3
20 Pre-Algebra All-In-One Answers Version A
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version A (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 5-4 Multiplying and Dividing Fractions Examples.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Number Properties and Operations
2 Dividing Fractions
1 Multiply fractions Topic: Number Operations 7.
a. Find 53 4 10 b. Find 27 4 9 .
2 Divide fractions 8m 4m
Local Standards: ____________________________________ 10 4m
3 7 3 Multiply by the reciprocal 27 9 27 ?
5 10 5
?
of the divisor. 8m
4m 8m
7 9
Vocabulary.
2 3 1 4m 1
Reciprocals are two numbers with a product of 1. 35 ? 10
7 Divide the common factors.
27
8m ? 9
1 2 1 1
All rights reserved.
All rights reserved.
6 3 1
Multiply. Simplify if necessary. , or 1
Example. 7 2 2
3 Dividing Mixed Numbers Find 4 12 4 a23 38 b .
1 Multiplying Fractions
a. Find 34 ? 23. 5 ? 3w.
b. Find w
) )
17 27
4 12 (3 38 ) 92 Change to improper fractions.
1 1 1 8
3 2 3 2 5 ? 3w 5 ? 3w
4 ? 3 4 ? 3
Divide common factors.
w 17 w 17
2 1
1
1
15
92 ?
) 8
27 ) Multiply by
27
8
, the reciprocal of 27
8
.
Multiply.
1 4
2 17
9 ? 8
27 Divide the common factors.
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
2
1 3
Quick Check.
4 1
1. Find each product. Simplify if possible. , or 1 Simplify.
All rights reserved.
c. 2x ? 3 3
a. 23 ? 76 b. 2 5 ? 21
15 25 9 4
3
4 x Quick Check.
7 2 7 6
25
2. Find each quotient. Simplify if possible.
a. 2 14 4 21 5a 2
b. 8 4 3 c. 3b 4 6
7 7
15a
21 16
b
2 2
d. 3 34 ? 52 e. 23 ? 1 27 f. a22 56 b ? 1 35
11 6 24 8 d. 1 13 4 65 e. 21 35 4 1 15 f. 12 12 4 1 23
2 7 15
13 21 1 71
5 3 2
82 Pre-Algebra Lesson 5-4 Daily Notetaking Guide Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 5-4 83
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 5-5 Using Customary Units of Measurement Examples.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Measurement
2 Using Dimensional Analysis Use dimensional analysis to convert
68 fluid ounces to cups.
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1 Identify appropriate customary units Topic: Systems of Measurement
2 Convert customary units 68 fl oz. 68 fl oz. ? 1c
Use a conversion factor that changes fluid ounces to cups.
Local Standards: ____________________________________ 1
8 fl oz.
17
Vocabulary. 68 fl oz. ? 1 c Divide the common factors and units.
8 fl oz.
2
Dimensional analysis is a process of analyzing units to decide which conversion factors to use.
17
c Simplify.
All rights reserved.
All rights reserved.
Customary Units of Measure 2
1
Type Length Capacity Weight 8 c Write as a mixed number.
2
Fluid ounce (fl oz)
Inch (in.)
Cup (c) Ounce (oz)
Foot (ft) There are 81 c in 68 fl oz.
Unit Pint (pt) Pound (lb) 2
Yard (yd)
Quart (qt) Ton (t)
Mile (mi) 1
Gallon (gal) 3 Fred’s Fruit stand sells homemade lemonade in 6 2 -pint bottles for $1.99.
Jill’s fruit stand sells homemade lemonade in 3 12 -qt containers for the
1 ft = 12 in. 1 c = 8 fl oz
same price. At which stand do you get more lemonade for your money?
1 yd = 3 ft 1 pt = 2 c 1 lb = 16 oz 2 pt
Equivalents 1 7
1 mi = 5,280 ft 1 qt = 2 pt 1t= 2,000 lb 3 qt qt ? Use a conversion factor that changes quarts to pints.
2 2 1 qt
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
= 1,760 yd 1 gal = 4 qt 1
7 qt 2 pt
? Divide the common factors and units.
2 1 qt
1
Example.
7 pt Multiply.
1 Choosing a Unit of Measure Choose an appropriate unit of measure.
Explain your choice. Since 7 pints 6 12 pints, you get more lemonade for your money at
a. weight of a hummingbird
Jill’s stand.
Measure its weight in ounces because a hummingbird is very light.
b. length of a soccer field Quick Check.
Measure its length in yards because it is too long to measure in 2. Complete each equation.
feet or inches and too short to measure in miles . 14 oz ? 1 lb 14 in. ? 1 ft
a. 14 oz 1
b. 14 in. 1
16 oz 12 in.
Quick Check. 7 lb 11 ft
8 6
1. Choose an appropriate unit of measure. Explain.
a. length of a swimming pool b. capacity of an eyedropper 7 yd 3 ft 7 pt 2 c
c. 312 yd d. 312 pt
2 ? 1 yd 2 ? 1 pt
Feet; inches are too small and miles are Fluid ounces; the capacity of a cup is
too large. too large.
10 1 ft 7 c
2
84 Pre-Algebra Lesson 5-5 Daily Notetaking Guide Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 5-5 85
All-In-One Answers Version A Pre-Algebra
21
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version A (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Breakfast Leave home
Lesson 5-6 Work Backward
Lesson Objective NAEP 2005 Strand: Number Properties and Operations
1 Solve problems by working backward Topic: Number Operations
Local Standards: ____________________________________
Example. 7:15 A.M. 5:45 A.M.
1 Travel Your flight leaves the airport at 10:00 A.M. You must arrive 2 hours
early to check your luggage. The drive to the airport takes about 90 minutes. You should leave home at 5:45 A.M.
A stop for breakfast takes about 30 minutes. It will take about 15 minutes to
Check the Answer
All rights reserved.
All rights reserved.
park and get to the terminal. At what time should you leave home?
Check the departure time. Find the total time needed.
Understand the Problem
90 min 30 min 15 min 120 min 255 min
Think about the information you are given.
1. What do you want to find? Add 255 minutes to your departure time.
The time that I should leave home. 5:45 0:255 5: 300
2. What is your arrival time? 5: 300 300 min 5 h
8:00 A.M.
5: 300 5 hours after 5:00, or 10:00 A.M.
3. How much time will you spend driving to the airport?
Since your flight leaves at 10:00 A.M., your departure time is correct.
90 minutes
4. How much time will you spend eating breakfast? Quick Check.
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
30 minutes
1. Suppose you find out the night before that the flight is delayed until 11:15 A.M.
5. How much time will you spend parking and getting to the terminal? What time should you leave home?
15 minutes 7:00 A.M.
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Make and Carry Out a Plan
You know that the series of events must end at 10:00 A.M. Work backward
to find when the events must begin.
Redraw the hands of the clock to find the time you should leave home.
Write the starting time for each event.
Flight leaves Arrive at airport Park
10:00 A.M. 8:00 A.M. 7:45 A.M.
86 Pre-Algebra Lesson 5-6 Daily Notetaking Guide Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 5-6 87
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 5-7 Solving Equations by Adding or Subtracting Fractions Example.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Number Properties and Operations
2 Solving by Adding Solve q 2 6 12 5 21 53 .
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1 Solve equations by subtracting Topic: Number Operations
fractions
Local Standards: ____________________________________ q - 6 1 -1 3
2 Solve equations by adding fractions 2 5
1 1 1
q - 61 6 -1 3 6 Add 6 to each side.
2 5
Example. 2 2 2
1 Solving by Subtracting One school recycles about 13 of its waste paper. 8 13 Write mixed numbers as
q -
The student council set a goal of recycling 34 of the school’s waste paper by 5 2
improper fractions.
All rights reserved.
All rights reserved.
the end of the year. By how much does the school need to increase its paper
-8 ? 2 5 ? 13 5 ? 2 as the common
Use
recycling to reach the goal? q
5 ? 2 denominator.
fraction school the student
Words plus is 16 65
recycles increase goal q Use the Order of Operations.
10
Let n the increase.
49
1 3 q Simplify.
Equation n 10
3 4
1 n 9
3
34 q 4 Write as a mixed number.
10
1 1 1
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1 n 34 -
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
Subtract from each side.
3 3
3 3
Quick Check.
3? 3 - 1 ?4 1. Solve and check each equation.
n Use 3 ? 4 as the common denominator.
3 ? 4 a. y 1 98 5 95 21 b. 23 5 u 1 53 1
3 15
9 - 4
n Use the Order of Operations.
12
5
n Simplify. c. a 2 53 5 51 4 d. 67 5 x 2 72 11
5 7
12
5
To meet the student council goal, the school needs to recycle
more of its waste paper. 12
7 5 z 1 11
e. c 2 2 16 5 5 14 7 5 f. 3 18 3 2 1
Check Is the answer reasonable? The present fraction of paper waste that 12 18
is recycled plus the increase must equal the goal. Since
11 5 5 4 1 5 9 3
3 12 12 12 12 4 , the answer is
reasonable.
88 Pre-Algebra Lesson 5-7 Daily Notetaking Guide 89
Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 5-7
22 Pre-Algebra All-In-One Answers Version A
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version A (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 5-8 Solving Equations by Multiplying Fractions Example.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Algebra 3 Using Mixed Numbers How many 2 12 -t trucks can you place on a rail car
1 Solve equations by multiplying Topic: Equations and Inequalities that has a carrying capacity of 15 t?
fractions
2 Solve equations by multiplying mixed Local Standards: ____________________________________ weight of the number carrying
numbers Words times is
each truck of trucks capacity
Let n the number of trucks.
Examples.
1
1 Multiplying by a Reciprocal Solve 7y 13 . Equation 2 ? n 15
2
7y 1
All rights reserved.
All rights reserved.
3
2 12 ? n 15
1 1 1
? (7y) ? 1 Multiply each side by , the reciprocal of 7. 5 1
3 7 n 15 Write 2 as improper fraction.
7 7 2
2
1
y Simplify. 2 2 2 5
21 ? 52 n ? 15 Multiply each side by , the reciprocal of .
2
5 5 5
2 Multiplying by the Negative Reciprocal Solve 2 20 c 5 4. 3
27 9 n 2 ? 15 Divide common factors.
5?1
- 20 c 4 1
27 9
n 6 Simplify.
27 27 27
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
20
- (- 20
27 )
c - ( 49 ) Multiply each side by , the reciprocal of
27
.
20 20 20 6
You can place trucks on the rail car.
3 1
All rights reserved.
c 27 ? 4 Divide common factors. Quick Check.
20 ? 9
5 1 2. Solve each equation.
3
a. 67r 34 b. 2 10
13
b 5 22
3
c. 26n 5 73
c - Simplify.
13 1
5 7
8 15 14
Quick Check.
1. Solve each equation.
d. 3 12 n 5 28 7 5 1 1r f. 22 34 h 5 212 12
a. 2y 5 97 b. 3a 5 54 c. 29 t 5 65 e. 2 20 6
7 4 8 3 6
18 15 33
4
10 411
90 Pre-Algebra Lesson 5-8 Daily Notetaking Guide Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 5-8 91
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 5-9 Powers of Products and Quotients Examples.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Algebra
2 Working With a Negative Sign
a. Simplify (3a) 4. b. Simplify (3a) 4.
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1 Find powers of products Topic: Variables, Expressions, and Operations
4 4 4
2 Find powers of quotients (3a) 4 (3) (a) (3a) 4 (1)(3a)
Local Standards: ____________________________________
4 4
(3a) 4 81a 4 (3a) 4 (1)(3) (a)
Key Concepts. (3a) 4 81a 4
Raising a Product to a Power 3 Geometry Find the area of a square with side length x4.
To raise a product to a power, raise each factor to the power.
A s2 s length of a side.
All rights reserved.
All rights reserved.
Arithmetic Algebra
2 x
4 4 m m ( 4x ) Substitute for s.
(5 ? 3)4 5 ?3 (ab)m a b for any positive integer m 4
x2
42
Raising a Quotient to a Power
To raise a quotient to a power, raise both the numerator and denominator x2
to the power. 16
Arithmetic Algebra
4 m The area of the square is x2 square units.
4 m
2 a 16
( 23 )
4
( ba )
m
, for b 0 and any positive integer m
3 b
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
Quick Check.
Example. 2. Simplify each expression.
1 Simplifying a Power of a Product Simplify (3z 5 ) 4. a. (2y) 4 b. (2y) 4 c. (5a 2 b) 3
(3z 5) 4 3 4
? ( z5 ) 4
Raise each factor to the fourth power. 16y 4 16y 4 125a 6 b 3
34 ? z 5 ? 4 Use the Rule for Raising a Power to a Power.
3 4 ? z 20 Multiply exponents.
81z 20 Simplify.
3. Simplify each expression.
3 4 2 3
Quick Check. a. a 12 b b. a2 23 b c. a 2x
3
b
1. Simplify each expression.
1 16 8x6
a. (2(3))3 b. (2p)4 c. (xy2)5 d. (5x3)2 8 81 27
216 16p 4 x5y 10 25x 6
92 Pre-Algebra Lesson 5-9 Daily Notetaking Guide Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 5-9 93
All-In-One Answers Version A Pre-Algebra
23
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version A (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 6-1 Ratios and Unit Rates 2 Unit Cost The table shows prices for different packages of index card.
Size
What size has the lowest unit cost? (cards) Price
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Number Properties and Operations
price $2.70 $.027 100 $2.70
1 Write and simplify ratios Topic: Ratios and Proportional Reasoning 100 cards: S 50 $1.30
2
number of cards 100 cards card
Find rates and unit rates
Local Standards: ____________________________________ $1.30 $.026
25 $.75
price Find the
50 cards: S unit costs.
number of cards 50 cards card
Vocabulary and Key Concepts. price $.75 $.03
25 cards: S
number of cards 25 cards card
Ratio
The 50 -card pack has the lowest unit cost.
A ratio is a comparison of two quantities by division.
All rights reserved.
All rights reserved.
3 Converting a Rate Convert 30 gal/min to cups/second.
16 c 1 min Use conversion factors that
Arithmetic Algebra 30 gal
30 gal/min 1 min ? ? convert gallons to cups and
10 1 gal 60 s minutes to seconds.
10 to 15 10 : 15 a to b a:b a , for b ≠ 0 1 8
b 30 gal 16 c 1 min Divide the common factors
15 1 min ? ? and units.
1 gal 60 s
2
1
8 c
s Simplify.
A rate is a ratio that compares quantities in different units.
30 gal/min equals 8 c/s.
A unit rate is a rate that has a denominator of 1.
Quick Check.
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1. Using the data from Example 1, write each ratio as a fraction in simplest
form.
Examples. a. students with jobs to all students surveyed b. students without jobs to students with jobs
All rights reserved.
1 Surveys A survey asks students whether they had after-school jobs. After-School Jobs 40 2 60 3
Write each ratio as a fraction in simplest form.
Response Number 100 5 40 2
Have a job 40
Don’t have a job 60 2. Find each unit rate.
Total 100 a. Two liters of spring water cost $1.98. b. A car goes 425 mi on 12.5 gal of gas.
a. all students surveyed to students b. all students surveyed to students with jobs. $.99/L 34 mi/gal
without jobs all students surveyed
100
all students surveyed students with jobs
100 40
students without jobs 60 3. Complete each statement.
5
a. 3.5 qt/min 52.5 gal/h b. 12 cm/s 432 m/h
5
2
3
94 Pre-Algebra Lesson 6-1 Daily Notetaking Guide Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 6-1 95
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 6-2 Proportions 2 Testing for a Proportion Do the ratios 53 and 21
35
form a proportion? Explain.
3 ⱨ 21 Test by writing as a proportion.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Number Properties and Operations 5 35
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1 Solve proportions Topic: Ratios and Proportional Reasoning 3? 35 ⱨ5? 21 Write cross products.
2 Use proportions to solve problems
Local Standards: ____________________________________ 105 105 Simplify.
The ratios do form a proportion. The cross products are equal.
Vocabulary and Key Concepts.
3 Measurement One hundred rods is about 275 fathoms. About how many
Cross Products fathoms is 25 rods?
Let d distance in fathoms.
In a proportion, the cross products are equal .
All rights reserved.
length in rods
All rights reserved.
S 100 25 d distance in rods
Arithmetic Algebra
length in fathoms S 275 d d distance in fathoms
6 8 a c
9 12 b d 100d 275(25) Write cross products.
275(25)
d Divide each side by 100 .
6? 12 9? 8 72 ad bc 100
d 68.75 Simplify.
A proportion is an equality of two ratios. 25 rods is about 69 fathoms.
The cross products of the proportion a dc are ad and bc .
b
Quick Check.
Examples. 1. Solve each proportion.
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
y t
1 Multiplying to Solve a Proportion Solve 27 14 . a. h9 23 b. 54 55 c. 22
d
6
21
Method 1 Multiplication Property of Equality
6 44 77
2 y
7 14
2 y
7 ? 14 14 ? 14 Multiply each side by 14 .
28 2. Tell whether the two ratios form a proportion. Explain.
y Multiply. a. 69 , 46 b. 15 ,5 7 , 17.5
c. 12
7 20 7 30
yes, cross products are no, cross products are yes, cross products are
4 y Simplify.
equal. not equal. equal.
Method 2 Cross products
2 y
7 14
2 ? 14 7 ? y Write cross products. 3. About how many rods is 100 fathoms?
28 7y Multiply.
36 rods
28 7y
Divide each side by 7 .
7 7
4 y Simplify.
96 Pre-Algebra Lesson 6-2 Daily Notetaking Guide 97
Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 6-2
24 Pre-Algebra All-In-One Answers Version A
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version A (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 6-3 Similar Figures and Scale Drawings 2 A flagpole casts a shadow 5 ft long. At the same time, a yardstick casts a
shadow 1.5 ft long. The triangle shown for the flagpole and its shadow is
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strands: Geometry; Measurement similar to the triangle shown for the yardstick and its shadow. How tall
1 Solve problems that involve similar Topics: Transformation of Shapes and Preservation is the flagpole?
figures of Properties; Systems of Measurement 1.5 3 Corresponding sides of similar triangles
3 ft
2 Solve problems that involve scale
drawings Local Standards: ____________________________________ 5 x are in proportion .
1.5 ft 5 ft
1.5 x 5 ? 3 Write cross products.
1.5x 5 ? 3
Vocabulary and Key Concepts. Divide each side by 1.5 .
1.5 1.5
Similar Figures x 10 Simplify.
All rights reserved.
All rights reserved.
Similar figures have two properties:
The flagpole is 10 ft tall.
• The corresponding angles have equal measures.
• The lengths of corresponding sides are in proportion .
3 Scale Drawings The scale of a map is 1 in. : 24 mi. About how far is it
between two cities that are 3 in. apart on the map?
map (in.) S 1 3 d map (in.)
Similar figures have the same shape, but not necessarily the same size. Write a proportion.
actual (mi) S 24 d d actual (mi)
Indirect measurement is a process that involves using similar figures to compute distances 1 ? d 24 ? 3 Write cross products.
that are difficult to measure directly. d 72 Simplify.
A scale drawing is an enlarged or reduced drawing that is similar to an actual object or place. It is about 72 mi between the two cities.
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
The symbol means is similar to.
Quick Check..
1. Trapezoid KLMN is similar to trapezoid ABCD in Example 1. K y L
Examples.
All rights reserved.
Find the value of y.
1 Using Similar Figures Trapezoid ABCD trapezoid EFGH. Find the
10
value of k.
N 5 M
A 6 B
E k F 2. A building 70 ft high casts a 150-ft shadow. A nearby flagpole casts a 60-ft
shadow. Draw a diagram. Use similar triangles to find the height of the
flagpole.
D 3 C H 2 G
28ft;
Write a proportion for corresponding sides. 70 ft Flagpole
Side AB corresponds 6 3 Side CD corresponds
to side EF . k 2 to side GH . 150 ft 60 ft
6 ? 2 k ? 3 Write cross products.
3. The distance from Atlanta to Macon is about 75 mi. On a map whose scale
6?2 3k is the same as the scale in Example 3, what is the approximate map distance
Divide each side by 3 .
3 3 between these two cities?
4 k Simplify. 318 in.
98 Pre-Algebra Lesson 6-3 Daily Notetaking Guide Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 6-3 99
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 6-4 Probability 3 Odds You have five different coins in your pocket: a penny, a nickel, a dime,
a quarter, and a half-dollar. You pull out one coin at random. What are the
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Data Analysis and Probability odds in favor of the coin being worth less than ten cents?
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1 Find probability Topic: Probability 2 d 2 are worth less than ten cents.
2 Find odds odds in favor
Local Standards: ____________________________________ 3 d 3 are not.
2
Vocabulary. The odds are , or 2 to 3 , in favor of the coin being worth less
3
Outcomes are the possible results of an action.
than ten cents.
An event is any outcome or group of outcomes.
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All rights reserved.
number of favorable outcomes
The probability of an event P(event) Quick Check.
number of possible outcomes
1. Find each probability for one roll of a number cube.
An impossible event has probability 0 . A certain event has probability 1 .
a. P(odd number) b. P(2) c. P(5 or 6)
The complement of an event is the opposite of that event.
3 1 1 2 1
A part/part ratio, called odds, describes the likelihood of an event.
6 2 6 6 3
Examples.
2. a. When you roll a number cube, what is P(not 2)?
1 Finding Probability Find P(rolling a prime number) with one number cube.
5
number of favorable outcomes S 3 d 3 prime-number outcomes (2, 3, 5)
number of possible outcomes S 6 d 6 possible outcomes 6
1 b. Reasoning What is the complement of an impossible event?
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
3
P(rolling a prime number) ,or .
6 2 a certain event
2 Finding Probability The probability that a child is an identical twin is
3. You choose one coin at random from the five coins in Example 3 above.
4 in 1,000. Find P(not an identical twin).
a. What are the odds that it is silver?
P(not an identical twin) P(identical twin) 1 Write an equation.
4 to 1
4
P(not an identical twin) 1 Substitute.
b. What are the odds that it is not silver?
1,000
1 to 4
4 4 4
P(not an identical twin) 4 1 Subtract from each side.
1,000 c. Consider the event that the coin is worth more than 15 cents.
1,000 1,000 1,000
i. What are the odds in favor of the event?
996
P(not an identical twin) Simplify. 2 to 3
1,000
249
ii. What are the odds against the event?
250
3 to 2
249
The probability that a child is not an identical twin is .
250
100 Pre-Algebra Lesson 6-4 Daily Notetaking Guide Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 6-4 101
All-In-One Answers Version A Pre-Algebra
25
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version A (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 6-5 Fractions, Decimals, and Percents 4 Writing a Fraction as a Percent Four out of seven members of the chess
club are boys. What percent of the chess club members are boys?
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Number Properties and Operations 4
1 Write percents as fractions and Topic: Number Sense Write a fraction.
decimals 7
2 Write decimals and fractions as percents Local Standards: ____________________________________
47 0.5714 Divide the numerator by the denominator.
57.14% Write as a percent.
Vocabulary.
About 57% of the chess club members are boys.
A percent is a ratio that compares a number to 100.
Examples. Quick Check.
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All rights reserved.
1 Writing a Percent as a Fraction Write each percent as a fraction or a 1. Write each percent as a fraction or mixed number in simplest form.
mixed number. a. 58% b. 72% c. 144%
a. 30% b. 175%
30 Write as a fraction with a 175 Write as a fraction with a 29 18 1 11
100 50 25 25
100 denominator of . 100 denominator of 100 .
3 7
Simplify. Simplify. 2. Write each percent as a decimal.
10 4 a. 16% b. 62.5% c. 120%
3
1 Write as a mixed number. 0.16 0.625 1.2
4
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
2 Writing a Percent as a Decimal Express 7.3% as a decimal.
7.3 d. Reasoning About 45% of the people in the United States have type O
7.3% Write as a fraction with a denominator of 100 .
100 blood. Write this percent as a decimal and as a fraction in simplest form.
Divide a decimal by 100 by moving the decimal point two places
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007.3
to the left. You may need to write one or more zeros. 0.45, 9
20
0.073
3 Writing a Decimal as a Percent Express 0.412 as a percent.
3. Write each decimal as a percent.
Method 1 Rewrite as a fraction.
412
a. 0.4 b. 0.023 c. 1.75
0.412
1,000 40% 2.3% 175%
412 10 Divide the numerator and the denominator
1,000 10 by 10 to get a denominator of 100 .
4. Three out of eleven families in the United States own cats. To the nearest
41.2
Simplify. percent, what percent of families own cats?
100
41.2 % Write as a percent. 27%
Method 2 Move the decimal point.
0.412 41.2 % Move the decimal point two places to
the right to multiply by 100.
102 Pre-Algebra Lesson 6-5 Daily Notetaking Guide Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 6-5 103
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 6-6 Proportions and Percents 3 Finding the Whole A tile floor has 90 blue tiles, which is 15% of all the
tiles in the floor. How many tiles are in the floor in all?
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Number Properties and Operations 90
15
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1 Find a part of a whole and a percent Topic: Ratios and Proportional Reasoning Write a proportion.
100
2 Find a whole amount x
Local Standards: ____________________________________
15 x 100 ( 90 ) Write cross products.
15x 100(90)
Key Concepts. Divide each side by 15 .
15 15
Percents and Proportions x 600 Simplify.
Finding the Percent Finding the Part Finding the Whole
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All rights reserved.
The floor has 600 tiles in all.
What percent of 40 is 6? What number is 15% of 40? 6 is 15% of what number?
6 d part n d part 6 d part
Check Is the answer reasonable? The problem says the number of blue
n 15 15
tiles is 15%. 10% of 600 is 60 , so 5% of 600 is 30 , and 15%
100 d whole 100 d whole 100
40 40 n d whole
is 60 30 90 . The answer is reasonable.
Examples. Quick Check.
1 Finding Part of a Whole Find 23% of 158. 1. Draw a model and write a proportion. Then solve.
0% 0 a. 25% of 124 is 31 . b. 43% of 230 is 98.9 . c. 12.5% of 80 is 10 .
n
23
23% n d part Write a proportion.
0% 0 0% 0 0% 0
100
158
12.5% n
25% n
( )
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
23 158 100 n Write cross products. 43% n
100% 158 d whole 23(158) 100n
Divide each side by 100 .
100 100 100% 124 100% 230 100% 80
36.34 n Simplify.
31; 25 n 98.9; 43 n 10; 12.5 n
100 24 100 230 100 80
23% of 158 is 36.34 .
2 Finding a Percent What percent of 34 is 28? Round to the nearest tenth of 2. Round to the nearest tenth.
a percent. a. What percent of 250 is 138? b. 14 is what percent of 15? c. 19 is 75% of what?
0% 0 28 25.3
n 55.2% 93.3%
Write a proportion.
100 34
n% 28 d part
34 n 100 ( 28 ) Write cross products. 3. Entertainment In 2000, the number of drive-in movie screens was about
34n 100(28) 20.1% of the number in 1980. If there were 717 drive-in movie screens in
100% 34 d whole Divide each side by 34 .
2000, about how many drive-in movie screens were there in 1980?
34 34
about 3,567 screens
n 82.35… Simplify.
82.4 Round to the nearest tenth.
28 is approximately 82.4 % of 34.
104 Pre-Algebra Lesson 6-6 Daily Notetaking Guide Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 6-6 105
26 Pre-Algebra All-In-One Answers Version A
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version A (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 6-7 Percents and Equations Examples.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Number Properties and Operations
3 Sales and Commission A car salesman makes a 6.5% commission on each
1
car he sells. How much does he make on the sale of a car for $35,000?
Write and solve percent equations Topic: Ratios and Proportional Reasoning
2 Use equations in solving percent Words Amount of is 6.5% of $35,000
problems Local Standards: ____________________________________ commission
Let c amount of commission.
Vocabulary and Key Concepts.
Equation c 0.065 ? 35,000
Percent Equations
c 0.065 ? 35,000
Finding the Percent Finding the Part Finding the Whole
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All rights reserved.
2,275
What percent of 40 is 6? What is 15% of 40? 6 is 15% of what?
n ? 40 6 n 0.15 ? 40 6 0.15 ? n The salesman’s commission is $2,275 .
Commission is pay based on an amount sold. 4 Surveys During a telephone survey, 414 people, or 46% of those called,
said they were watching station RFGT at the time of the call. How many
people were called?
Examples.
Words 414 is 46% of people called
1 Solving a Percent Equation What is 35% of 84?
n 0.35 ? 84 Write an equation. Write the percent as a decimal. Let n number of people called.
n 29.4 Simplify. Equation 414 0.46 ? n
35% of 84 is 29.4 . 0.46n 414
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
0.46n 414
2 Percents Greater Than 100% What percent of 26 is 65? 0.46 0.46
n ? 26 65 Write an equation.
n
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900
26n 65
Divide each side by 26 .
26 26 900 people were called.
n 2.5 Simplify.
250 % Change the decimal to a percent. Quick Check.
2. Royalties A singer receives a 5% royalty on each CD sale. To the nearest
65 is 250 % of 26.
cent, find his royalty for a CD that sells for $16.99.
$.85
Quick Check.
Write and solve an equation.
1a. 0.96 is what percent of 10? b. 19.2 is 32% of what? 2. What is 145.5% of 20? 3. In a survey, 952 people, or 68%, preferred smooth peanut butter to crunchy.
How many people were surveyed?
0.96 n 10; 9.6% 19.2 0.32 n; 60 n 1.455 20; 29.1
1,400
106 Pre-Algebra Lesson 6-7 Daily Notetaking Guide Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 6-7 107
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 6-8 Percent of Change Examples.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Number Properties and Operations
2 Rainfall In a given year, Hillsboro had a total of 7.5 in. of rain by March 1
and a total of 22.5 in. by July 1. Find the percent of increase from 7.5 to 22.5.
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1 Find percent of increase Topic: Ratios and Proportional Reasoning
2 Find percent of decrease amount of increase 22.5 7.5 15
Local Standards: ____________________________________
amount of increase
percent of increase
original amount
Vocabulary.
15
The percent of change is the percent a quantity increases or decreases from its
7.5
original amount.
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All rights reserved.
2
Example. 200 %
1 Finding Percent of Increase Find the percent of increase from 8 to 9.6.
The percent increase from March 1 to July 1 was 200% .
amount of increase 9.6 8 1.6
3 Finding Percent of Decrease Find the percent of decrease from 1,250 to 1,120.
amount of increase
percent of increase Write an equation. amount of decrease 1,250 1,120 130
original amount
amount of decrease
1.6 percent of decrease
Substitute. original amount
8
130
0.2 Simplify.
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1,250
20 % Write as a percent.
0.104
The percent of increase from 8 to 9.6 is 20% . 10.4 %
The percent of decrease from 1,250 to 1,120 is 10.4% .
Check Understanding.
1. Find each percent of increase. Check Understanding.
a. from 100 to 114 b. from 2.0 to 3.2 c. from 4,000 to 8,500 2. In the same year as in Example 2 above, Hillsboro had a total of 10.5 inches
14% 60% 112.5% of rain by April 1. Find the percent of increase from 7.5 to 10.5.
40%
3. Find each percent of decrease.
a. from 9.6 to 4.8 b. from 202 to 192 c. from 854.5 to 60.6
50% 5.0% 92.9%
108 Pre-Algebra Lesson 6-8 Daily Notetaking Guide Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 6-8 109
All-In-One Answers Version A Pre-Algebra
27
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version A (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 6-9 Markup and Discount 4 Finding Sale Price A video game that regularly sells for $39.95 is on sale
for 20% off. What is the sale price?
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Number Properties and Operations Method 1 Find the discount. Then find the sale price.
1 Find markups Topic: Ratios and Proportional Reasoning
2
discount percent of discount ? regular price
Find discounts Local Standards: ____________________________________
0.20 ? 39.95
7.99
Vocabulary.
sale price regular price discount
Markup is the amount of increase in price.
39.95 7.99
Percent increase is the percent of markup.
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All rights reserved.
Discount is the amount of price decrease. 31.96
Percent of discount is the percent of decrease. The sale price is $31.96 .
Method 2 Find the sale price directly. The sale price equals 100% of the
Examples. regular price minus 20% of the regular price.
1 Finding Markup A grocery store has a 20% markup on a can of soup. The sale price ( 100 %- 20 )
% ? regular price
can of soup costs the store $1.25. Find the markup. 80% ? regular price
markup percent of markup ? store’s cost 0.80 (39.95)
0.2 ? 1.25 31.96
0.25 The sale price is $31.96 .
The markup is $.25 .
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
Quick Check.
2 Finding Selling Price A bookstore pays $4.50 for a novel. The percent 1. A clothing store pays $56 for a jacket. The store’s percent markup is 75%.
markup is 45%. Find the novel’s selling price. Find the markup for the jacket.
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0.45 ? 4.50 2.03 Multiply to find the markup. $42
4.50 2.03 6.53 store’s cost markup selling price
The selling price is $6.53 . 2. A $5 cap has a 70% markup. Find the selling price.
$8.50
3 Finding Discount A camera that regularly sells for $210 is on sale for 30%
off. Find the discount.
3. Pants priced at $21.99 are marked 15% off. Find the discount.
discount percent of discount ? regular price
$3.30
0.30 ? 210
63
4. Find the sale price of the video game from Example 4 if the percent
The discount is $63 . discount is 25%. Round to the nearest cent.
$29.96
110 Pre-Algebra Lesson 6-9 Daily Notetaking Guide Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 6-9 111
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 6-10 Make a Table Complete the table below.
Lesson Objective NAEP 2005 Strand: Number Properties and Operations 6. Find the numbers for Column 4 by multiplying the numbers in Columns
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1 Solve problems by making a table Topic: Ratios and Proportional Reasoning
2 and 3. Round to the nearest whole number.
Local Standards: ____________________________________ 7. Find the numbers for Column 5 by adding the numbers in Columns 2
and 4.
Example. 1 2 3 4 5
Tree Count at Rate of
1 Martin had 100 trees in his orchard the first year. Each year after that, he Year Beginning of Increase
Increase in Tree Count at
increased the number of trees in his orchard by 10%, rounded to the nearest Tree Count End of Year
Year (10%)
whole number. How many trees did he have in his orchard in the sixth year?
1 100 0.1 10 110
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All rights reserved.
2 110 0.1 11 121
Understand the Problem Read the problem carefully.
3 121 0.1 12 133
1. What information are you given?
4 133 0.1 13 146
Martin had 100 trees in his orchard the first year. Each year after
5 146 0.1 15 161
that, he increased the number of trees in his orchard by 10% .
2. What information are you asked to find? 8. What is your prediction for the number of trees in the orchard at the
beginning of the sixth year?
the number of trees in Martin’s orchard in the sixth year
161 trees
Make and Carry Out a Plan Decide on a strategy. You can use the percent
of increase to predict the increase in the number of trees in the orchard
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Check the Answer Your friend says that she knows a quicker way to find
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
each year for six years. You can make a table to organize your predictions the answer. Simply multiply 100 ? 0.1 ? 6 to find the increase for the
for each year. six-year period. Do you agree with your friend’s approach? Explain your
3. How can you find the increase in the number of trees in the orchard reasoning.
from the beginning of the first year to the end of the first year?
Answers may vary. Sample: No, 100 ? 0.1 ? 6 gives six times 10% of the
number of trees at the beginning of the first year.
Answers may vary. Sample: Multiply the number of trees at the beginning
of the year by 10%.
4. How can you find the number of trees in the orchard at the beginning of
the second year?
Answers may vary. Sample: Add the increase in the number of trees (from
Quick Check.
Exercise 3) and 100. 1. Suppose the annual increase in the number of trees in the orchard is 15%.
At that rate, how many trees will Martin have in the orchard at the
beginning of the sixth year?
5. The percent of increase is the same each year. Does that mean that the
increase in the number of trees in the orchard will be the same each 201 trees
year? Explain your reasoning.
Answers may vary. Sample: No; the number of trees increases by 10% of
the new total every year.
112 Pre-Algebra Lesson 6-10 Daily Notetaking Guide 113
Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 6-10
28 Pre-Algebra All-In-One Answers Version A
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version A (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 7-1 Solving Two-Step Equations Examples.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Algebra
2 Negative Coefficients Solve 7 3b 1.
1 Solve two-step equations Topic: Equations and Inequalities 7 3b 1
2 Use two-step equations to solve
Local Standards: ____________________________________ 7 7 3b 7 1 Add 7 to each side.
problems
0 3b 6 Simplify.
Example. 3b 6 0 3b 3b
1 Undoing an Operation Solve 5v 12 8. 6
3b
5v 12 8 Divide each side by 3 .
3 3
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All rights reserved.
5v 12 12 8 12 Add 12 to each side.
b 2 Simplify.
5v 20 Simplify.
20 3 Using Two-Step Equations You borrow $350 to buy a bicycle. You agree
5v
Divide each side by 5 . to pay $100 the first week, and then $25 each week until the balance is paid
5 5 off. To find how many weeks w it will take you to pay for the bicycle, solve
v 4 Simplify. 100 25w 350.
100 25w 350
Check 5v 12 8
100 25w 100 350 100 Subtract 100 from each side.
( ) 12 8
5 4 Replace v with 4 .
25w 250 Simplify.
20 12 8 Multiply.
25w 250
8 8 Simplify. Divide each side by 25 .
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
25 25
w 10 Simplify.
Quick Check.
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It will take you 10 weeks to pay for the bicycle.
1. Solve each equation.
a. 15x 3 48 b. 4t 10 –6
Quick Check.
3 16
2. Solve each equation.
y
a. a 6 8 b. 9 7 12 c. 13 6f 31
2 21 3
c. b3 13 11 d. 9g 11 2
3. Jacob bought four begonias in 6-in. pots and a $19 fern at a fundraiser. He
6 1 spent a total of $63. Solve the equation 4p 19 63 to find the price p of
each begonia.
$11
114 Pre-Algebra Lesson 7-1 Daily Notetaking Guide Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 7-1 115
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 7-2 Solving Multi-Step Equations 2 Using the Distributive Property Solve 44 5(r 4) r.
44 5(r 4) r
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Algebra
44 5r + r
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Combine like terms to simplify an Topic: Equations and Inequalities 20 Use the Distributive Property.
1
equation 44 6r + 20 Combine like terms.
Local Standards: ____________________________________
2 Use the Distributive Property to
simplify an equation 44 20 6r + 20 20 Subtract 20 from each side.
24 6r Simplify.
Vocabulary and Key Concepts.
24
6r
Divide each side by 6 .
Steps for Solving a Multi-Step Equation 6 6
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All rights reserved.
Step 1 Use the Distributive Property, if necessary.
4 r Simplify.
Step 2 Combine like terms.
Step 3 Undo addition or subtraction.
Quick Check.
Step 4 Undo multiplication or division.
1. Basketball Scores One basketball team defeated another by 13 points. The
total number of points scored by both teams was 171. Solve the equation
Consecutive integers are a sequence of integers obtained by counting by ones from
p p 13 171 to find the number of points p scored by the winning team.
any integer.
92 points
Example.
1 Finding Consecutive Integers The sum of three consecutive integers is 42.
Find the integers. 2. a. Number Sense Find four consecutive integers with a sum of 358.
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
Words sum of three consecutive integers is 42 88, 89, 90, 91
Let n the least integer.
Then n1 the second integer,
and n2 the third integer. b. For consecutive even integers, the first is n, and the second is n 2. Find
two consecutive even integers with a sum of 66.
Equation n n1 n2 42
32, 34
n ( n1 ) ( n 2 ) 42
Use the Commutative and Associative
( n n n ) ( 1 2 ) 42 Properties of Addition to group like terms together.
3n 3 42 Combine like terms. 3. Solve each equation.
3n 3 3 42 3 Subtract 3 from each side. a. 3(m 6) 4
3n 39 Simplify. 42
3
3n 39
Divide each side by 3 .
3 3 b. 3(x 12) x 8
n 13 Simplify.
14
If n 13 , then n 1 14 , and n 2 15 . The three integers
are 13 , 14 , and 15 .
116 Pre-Algebra Lesson 7-2 Daily Notetaking Guide Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 7-2 117
All-In-One Answers Version A Pre-Algebra
29
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version A (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 7-3 Multi-Step Equations With Fractions and Decimals 3 Solving Multi-Step Equations With Decimals Suppose your cell phone
plan is $30 per month plus $.05 per minute. Your bill is $36.75. Use the
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Algebra equation 30 0.05x 36.75 to find the number of minutes on your bill.
1 Solve multi-step equations with Topic: Equations and Inequalities
fractions 30 0.05x 36.75
2 Solve multi-step equations with Local Standards: ____________________________________ 30 30 0.05x 36.75 30 Subtract 30 from each side.
decimals
0.05x 6.75 Simplify.
0.05x 6.75
Examples.
0.05 0.05 Divide each side by 0.05 .
1 Using the Reciprocal Solve 34 p 7 11.
3 p 7 11 x 135 Simplify.
4
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All rights reserved.
3p 7 There are 135 minutes on your bill.
4 7 11 7 Add 7 to each side.
3p
4 18 Simplify.
Quick Check.
4 4 4
? 34 p 18 ? Multiply each side by , the reciprocal of 3 .
4
1. Use a reciprocal to solve each equation.
3 3 3 7 k 14 21
a. 10 b. 23(m 6) 3
6
1p 4 ?318 Divide common factors.
1 50 101
2
p 24 Simplify.
Check 3 p 7 11
4
3
4 ( 24 ) 7 ? 11 Replace p with 24 .
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
3 ? 24 6 7
? 2. Use the LCM to solve each equation.
11 Divide common factors.
4 1 7 y1
? a. 12 6 b. 31b 1 56
18 7 11 Simplify.
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11 11 3
4
51
2
2 Using the LCM Solve 21 y 3 32 .
1y 3 2
2 3
1
(
6 2y 3 6 3
2
) ( ) Multiply each side by 6 , the LCM of 2 and 3.
3. Solve each equation.
2
1
6 ? 2y 6 ? 3 6 3 ( ) Use the Distributive Property. a. 1.5x 3.6 2.4 b. 1.06p 3 0.71
3 y 18 4 Simplify.
4 3.5
3y 14 Subtract 18 from each side. Simplify.
3y 14
Divide each side by 3 .
3 3
2
y 4 Simplify.
3
118 Pre-Algebra Lesson 7-3 Daily Notetaking Guide Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 7-3 119
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 7-4 Write an Equation Check the Answer
You can estimate to check the reasonableness of the answer.
Lesson Objective NAEP 2005 Strand: Algebra
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1 Write an equation to solve a problem Topic: Equations and Inequalities 29.95 30
Local Standards: ____________________________________ 0.12 0.1 Round each number.
137.80 140
Example. 4 30 0.1 140 120 14
1 Van Rental A moving van rents for $29.95 a day plus $.12 a mile. 134
Mr. Reynolds’s bill was $137.80 and he drove the van 150 mi. For how
many days did he have the van? Since 134 137.80, 2 days is a reasonable answer.
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All rights reserved.
Understand the Problem
Quick Check.
1. What is the goal of this problem?
1. Suppose that Mr. Reynold’s bill was $161.80 and he drove the van 350 mi.
to find the number of days Mr. Reynolds had the van
a. How would the equation change?
2. How many miles did Mr. Reynolds drive?
d 29.95 0.12 350 161.80
150 miles
3. What does the van cost without mileage?
$29.95 a day
4. What is the mileage charge? b. Solve the new equation to find how many days he rented the van.
$.12 a mile
4
Make and Carry Out a Plan
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
Write an equation.
Words number of days ? $29.95/d $.12/mi ? 150 mi $137.80 c. Estimate to check the reasonableness of your answer to part (b).
Let d the number of days Mr. Reynolds had the van.
29.95 30
Equation d ? 29.95 0.12 ? 150 137.80 0.12 0.1
161.80 160
4 30 0.1 350 155
Solve the equation. Since 155 161.80, 4 is a reasonable answer.
d ? 29.95 0.12 ? 150 137.80
29.95d 18 137.80 Multiply 0.12 and 150.
29.95d 18 18 137.80 18 Subtract 18 from each side.
29.95d 119.80 Simplify.
29.95d 119.80
Divide each side by 29.95 .
29.95 29.95
d 4 Simplify.
Mr. Reynolds had the van for 4 days.
120 Pre-Algebra Lesson 7-4 Daily Notetaking Guide Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 7-4 121
30 Pre-Algebra All-In-One Answers Version A
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version A (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Solving Equations With
Lesson 7-5 Variables on Both Sides Example.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Algebra
2 Using Equations Steve types at a rate of 15 words/min and Jenny types at
1
a rate of 20 words/min. Steve and Jenny are both typing the same
Solve equations with variables on Topic: Equations and Inequalities
both sides document, and Steve starts 5 min before Jenny. How long will it take Jenny
2 Use equations with variables on Local Standards: ____________________________________ to catch up with Steve?
both sides words Jenny types words Steve types
Words 20 words/min ? Jenny’s time 15 words/min ? Steve’s time
Example. Let x Jenny’s time.
1 Collecting the Variable on One Side Solve 4c 3 15 2c. Then x5 Steve’s time.
4c 3 15 2c
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All rights reserved.
4c 3 15 2c Add 2c to each side. Equation 20 ? x 15 ? (x 5)
2c 2c
6c 3 15 Combine like terms. 20x 15(x 5)
6c 3 3 15 3 Subtract 3 from each side. 20x 15x 75 Use the Distributive Property.
6c 12 Simplify. 20x 15x 15x 15x 75 Subtract 15x from each side.
6c
12
Divide each side by 5x 75 Combine like terms.
6 .
6 6 5x 75
Divide each side by 5 .
c 2 Simplify.
5 5
x 15 Simplify.
Check 4c 3 15 2c
( ) 3 15 2(
4 2
?
2 ) Substitute 2 for c. Jenny will catch up to Steve in 15 min.
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
?
8 3 15 4 Multiply. Check Test the result.
11 11 At 20 words/min for 15 min, Jenny types 300 words. Steve’s time is
5 min longer. He types for 20 min. At 15 words/min for 20 min, Steve types
All rights reserved.
Quick Check. 300 words. Since Jenny and Steve each type 300 words, the answer checks.
1. Solve and check each equation. Quick Check.
a. 4x 4 2x 36 2. Travel Time Car A leaves Eastown traveling at a steady rate of 50 mi/h.
16 Car B leaves Eastown 1 h later following Car A. It travels at a steady rate
of 60 mi/h. How long after Car A leaves Eastown will Car B catch up?
6h
b. 15 6b 8b 13
2
122 Pre-Algebra Lesson 7-5 Daily Notetaking Guide Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 7-5 123
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 7-6 Solving Two-Step Inequalities Examples.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Algebra
3 Using Inequalities Dale has $25 to spend at a carnival. If the admission to
the carnival is $4 and the rides cost $1.50 each, what is the greatest number
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1 Solve two-step inequalities Topic: Equations and Inequalities
2 Use two-step inequalities to solve
of rides Dale can go on?
problems Local Standards: ____________________________________ number is less than
Words $4 admission $1.50/ride ? $25
of rides or equal to
Example. Let r number of rides Dale goes on.
1 Undoing Operations Solve and graph 7g 11 67. Inequality 4 1.5 ? r 25
7g 11 67 4 1.5r 25
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All rights reserved.
7g 11 11 67 11 Subtract 11 from each side.
4 1.5r 4 25 4 Subtract 4 from each side.
7g 56 Simplify. 1.5r 21 Simplify.
7g
56 Divide each side by 7 . 1.5r 21 Divide each side by 1.5 .
7 7 1.5 1.5
g 8 Simplify.
r 14 Simplify.
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 The greatest number of rides Dale can go on is 14 .
2 Reversing the Inequality Symbol Solve 6 23 r 6.
Quick Check.
6 2r 6
3 2. Solve and graph each inequality.
6 6 2r 6 6 Add 6 to each side.
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
3 a. 2m 4 34 b. 6 x 3 c. 8.3 0.5b 2.7
12 2 r Simplify. m 15 x3 b 22
3
3
3 3 Multiply each side by .
(12) ( 23 r) Reverse the direction 2
2 2 of the inequality symbol.
18 r, or r 18 Simplify.
15 10 5 0 5 10 1 0 1 2 3 4 55 44 33 22 11 0
Quick Check. 3. Commissions A stereo salesperson earns a salary of $1,200 per month, plus
a commission of 4% of sales. The salesperson wants to maintain a monthly
1. Solve and graph each inequality.
income of at least $1,500. How much must the salesperson sell each month?
a. 5a 9 11 b. 10 12 x 6 c. 17 12 c 14
$7,500
a4 x 8 c 6
4 2 0 2 4 10 8 6 4 2 12 6 0 6 12
124 Pre-Algebra Lesson 7-6 Daily Notetaking Guide Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 7-6 125
All-In-One Answers Version A Pre-Algebra
31
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version A (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 7-7 Transforming Formulas Example.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Algebra 3 Using Formulas You plan a 600-mi trip to New York City. You estimate
1 Solve a formula for a given variable Topic: Equations and Inequalities your trip will take about 10 hours. To estimate your average speed, solve the
2 Use formulas to solve problems distance formula d = rt for r. Then substitute to find the average speed.
Local Standards: ____________________________________
d rt
d rt
Divide each side by t .
Examples. t t
1 Transforming in One Step Solve the circumference formula C 2πr for r. d d
t r, or r t Simplify.
C 2π r
600
C
2π r r 600
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All rights reserved.
Use the Division Property of Equality. Replace d with and t with 10 .
2π 2π 10
C C r 60 Simplify.
r, or r Simplify.
2π 2π
4 Using Formulas The high temperature one day in San Diego was 32°C.
Solve C 59(F 32) for F. Then substitute to find the temperature in
2 Using More Than One Step Solve the perimeter formula P 2l 2w for w.
degrees Fahrenheit.
P 2ᐉ 2w
C 59 (F 32)
P 2ᐉ 2ᐉ 2w 2ᐉ Subtract 2ᐉ from each side.
P 2ᐉ 2w Simplify. 9 9 9
1 1 1
(C) [ 95 (F 32)] Multiply each side by
5
.
5 5
(P 2ᐉ) (2w) Multiply each side by .
2 2 2 9 C F 32
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
5 Simplify.
9C
1
5 32 F 32 32 Add 32 to each side.
P ᐉ w Use the Distributive Property
and simplify. 9 C 32 F, or F
2 95 C 32 Simplify and rewrite.
All rights reserved.
5
F 95 32 (
32 ) 89.6 Replace C with 32 . Simplify.
Quick Check. 32°C is 89.6 °F.
1. Solve for the indicated variable.
Quick Check.
a. Solve p s c for s. b. Solve h kj for k. c. Solve I prt for p.
2. Assume that in Example 3 your average speed is 50 mi/h. Solve the distance
spc k hj p rtI formula for the new t.
td
r ; 12 hours
d. Solve 5a 7 b for a. e. Solve P 2l 2w for w. f. Solve y x3 8 for x. 3. Solve the batting average formula, a h n , for h. Find the number of hits h
a batter needs in 40 times at bat n to have an average of 0.275.
a1 7
5b 5 w1
2P ᐉ x 3(y 8)
h an; 11 hits
126 Pre-Algebra Lesson 7-7 Daily Notetaking Guide Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 7-7 127
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
2 Finding Compound Interest You deposit $400 in an account that earns
Lesson 7-8 Simple and Compound Interest 5% interest compounded annually (once per year). The balance after the
Lesson Objectives first four years is $486.20. What is the balance in your account after another
NAEP 2005 Strand: Algebra
4 years, a total of 8 years? Round to the nearest cent.
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1 Solve simple-interest problems Topic: Equations and Inequalities
2 Solve compound-interest problems Principal at
Local Standards: ____________________________________ Interest Balance
Beginning of year
Year 5: $486.20 486.20 ? 0.05 24.31 486.20 24.31 510.51
Vocabulary and Key Concepts.
Year 6: $ 510.51 510.51 ? 0.05 25.53 510.51 25.53 536.04
Simple-Interest Formula
I prt, Year 7: $ 536.04 536.04 ? 0.05 26.80 536.04 26.80 562.84
All rights reserved.
where I is the interest , p is the principal , Year 8: $ 562.84 562.84 ? 0.05 28.14 562.84 28.14 590.98
All rights reserved.
r is the interest rate per year, and t is time in years.
After four more years, a total of 8 years, the balance is $ 590.98 .
Compound-Interest Formula 3 Finding a Balance Find the balance on a deposit of $2,500 that earns
B p(1 r)n, 3% interest compounded semiannually for 4 years.
where B is the final balance , p is the principal , The interest rate r for compounding semiannually is 0.03 2, or 0.015 .
r is the interest rate for each interest period, and The number of payment periods n is 4 years 2 interest periods per year, or 8 .
n is the number of interest periods . B p(1 r)n Use the compound interest formula.
The principal is the initial amount of an investment or loan.
B 2,500 (1 0.015 )8 Replace p with 2,500 , r with 0.015 , and n with 8 .
Interest is a percentage of the principal. B 2,816.23 Use a calculator. Round to the nearest cent.
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The interest rate is the percentage of the balance that an account or investment earns in
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
The balance is $2,816.23 .
a fixed period of time.
Simple interest is interest paid only on the principal. Quick Check.
Compound interest is interest paid on the principal and on the interest from previous 1. Find the simple interest.
interest periods. a. principal $250, interest rate 4% b. principal $250, interest rate 3.5%
time 3 years time 6 months
Balance is the principal plus the interest.
$30 $4.38
Examples.
1 Finding Simple Interest Suppose you deposit $1,000 in a savings account 2. Make a table to find the balance. The interest is compounded annually.
that earns 3% per year. Find the interest earned in two years. Find the total principal $500 Bal. at Bal. at
of principal plus interest. interest rate 3% Yr. Start Interest Yr. End
I prt Use the simple interest formula. time 2 years $500.00 $15.00 $515.00
I 1,000 0.03 2 Replace p with 1,000 , r with 0.03 , and t with 2 . $515.00 $15.45 $530.45
I 60 Simplify. 3. Find the balance for the account.
Amount deposited: $900, annual interest: 2%, time: 3 years
total 1,000 60 1,060 Find the total.
a. compounding annually b. compounding semiannually
The account will earn $60 in two years. The total of principal plus $955.09 $955.37
interest will be $1,060 .
128 Pre-Algebra Lesson 7-8 Daily Notetaking Guide 129
Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 7-8
32 Pre-Algebra All-In-One Answers Version A
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version A (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Example.
Lesson 8-1 Relations and Functions 3 Using the Vertical-Line Test
Lesson Objectives
a. Graph the relation shown in the table. y
NAEP 2005 Strand: Measurement
1 Determine whether a relation is a function Topic: Algebraic Representations Domain Range 6
2 Graph relations and functions Local Standards: ____________________________________ Value Value
4
3 5 Graph the
5 3 2 ordered pairs
Vocabulary. (ⴚ3,5), (ⴚ5,3),
3 5 (3,5) and (5,3).
A relation is a set of ordered pairs. 5 3 4 2 O 2 4 x
The domain of a relation is the set of first coordinates. 2
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All rights reserved.
The range of a function is the set of second coordinates. b. Use the vertical-line test. Is the relation a function? Explain.
Yes; no vertical line passes through two graphed points.
A function is a relation for which each member of the domain is paired with exactly one
member of the range. Quick Check.
The vertical-line test is a test that determines whether a relation is a function. 1. Is each relation a function? Explain.
a. {(2, 3), (2, 2), (2, 2)} b. {(5, 4), (0, 4), (5, 4)}
No; there are two range values for the Yes; there is one range value for each
Examples. domain value 2. domain value.
1 Identifying a Function Is each relation a function? Explain.
2. a. For the United States Postal Service, is package weight a function of the
a. {(0, 5), (1, 5), (2, 6), (3, 7)}
postage paid to mail the package? Explain.
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
Domain Range No; a specific postage cost (domain value) can mail packages of
There is one range value for different weights (range values).
0 5 each domain value. b. For the United States Postal Service, is the cost of postage a function of
1
6
All rights reserved.
2 The relation is a function. package weight? Explain.
3 7 Yes; for each package weight (domain value) there is one postage cost
to the same zip code.
b. {(0, 5), (0, 6), (1, 6), (2, 7)} 3. Algebra Graph the relation shown in each table. Use the vertical-line test. Is
the relation a function? Explain.
Domain Range
a. x y y b. y
There are two range values for x y 8
8
0 5 the domain value 0. 6 5 7 4
1 6 4 4
3 2 2 6
2 7
The relation is not a function. x x
0 2 8 4 O 4 8 1 1 8 4 4 8
1 0 1 3 4
4
2 Is the time needed to mow a lawn a function of the size of the lawn? Explain. 4 3 0 5
8 8
5 7 1 5
No ; two lawns of the same size ( domain value) can require different
lengths of time ( range values) for mowing. A function; no vertical line passes
through two graphed points.
Not a function; a vertical line passes
through both (1, 1) and (1, 3).
130 Pre-Algebra Lesson 8-1 Daily Notetaking Guide Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 8-1 131
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Examples.
Lesson 8-2 Equations With Two Variables
2 Graphing y a and x b Graph each equation. Is the equation a function?
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Measurement a. y 3 b. x 4
For every value of x, y 3. For every value of y, x 4.
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1 Find solutions of linear equations with two variables Topic: Algebraic Representations
2
y y
Graph linear equations with two variables Local Standards: ____________________________ 4 4
2 2
Vocabulary.
4 2 O 2 4x 4 2 O 2 4x
A solution of an equation with two variables is an ordered pair that makes the equation true.
2 2
4 4
All rights reserved.
All rights reserved.
A linear equation is an equation whose graph is a line.
This is a horizontal line. The equation This is a vertical line. The equation
y 3 is a function. x 4 is not a function.
Examples.
1 Finding a Solution Find the solution of y 4x 3 for x 2. 3 Graphing by solving for y Solve y x 3 for y. Then graph the equation.
y 4x 3 Solve the equation for y.
y x 3
y 4 2 ( ) 3 Replace x with 2 .
y 8 3 Multiply. y x x 3 x Add x to each side.
Graph the ordered pairs.
y 5 Subtract. y x 3 Simplify.
y
A solution of the equation is (2, 5) . Make a table of values. 4
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
x x13 (x, y) 2
Quick Check. x
1. Find the solution of each equation for x 3. 1 1 3 2 (1, 2 ) 4 2 2 4
a. y 2x 1 b. y 4x 3 c. y 0x 4
0 03 3 (0, 3 ) 2
(3, 5) (3, 15) (3, 4)
1 13 4 (1, 4 ) 4
Quick Check.
3. Graph each linear equation. Is it a function?
a. y 2x 1 yes b. y 12 x 4 yes c. x 1 no
y y 1 y
4 4 y 2 x 4 4
x1
2. Meteorology The equation t 21 0.01n models the normal low temperature 2 y 2x 1 2 2
in degrees Celsius at Mount Rushmore, South Dakota. In the equation, t is the
temperature at n meters above the base of the mountain. Find the normal low x 4 2 2 4x 4 2 2 4x
4 2 2 4
July temperature at 700 m above the base of Mount Rushmore.
2 2 2
14C 4
4 4
132 Pre-Algebra Lesson 8-2 Daily Notetaking Guide Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 8-2 133
All-In-One Answers Version A Pre-Algebra
33
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version A (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 8-3 Slope and y-intercept Examples.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Algebra 2 Using Coordinates to Find Slope Find the slope of the line through E(7, 5) and F(2, 0).
1 Find the slope of a line Topic: Equations and Inequalities difference in y -coordinates 0 5 5 5
slope
2 Use slope-intercept form in graphing a linear equation Local Standards: __________________________ difference in x -coordinates 2 7 9 9
3 A ramp slopes from a warehouse door down to a street. The function
Vocabulary and Key Concepts.
y 215x 4 models the ramp, where x is the distance in feet from the bottom
Slope-intercept Form of the door and y is the height in feet above the street. Graph the equation.
The equation y mx b is the slope-intercept form. In this form,
Step 1 Since the y-intercept is 4 , graph the point (0, 4) . y
All rights reserved.
All rights reserved.
m is the slope of the line, and b is the y-intercept . 8
(0,4)
Step 2 Since the slope is 21
S
4 (5,3)
5 , move 1 unit down from (0, 4). S
vertical change rise
slope Then move 5 units right to graph a second point.
8 4 O 4 8x
horizontal change run
4
Step 3 Draw a line though the points.
The y-intercept of a line is the point where the line crosses the y-axis.
8
Example.
Quick Check.
1 Using Rise and Run to Find Slope Find the slope of the line.
2. Find the slope of the line through each pair of points.
6 y
a. V(8, 1), Q(0, 7) b. S(4, 3), R(10, 9)
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
slope rise
run 2 down 6 units
8
3 3 1
rise 6 4 4
right 3 units
All rights reserved.
run 3 8 4 O 4 8x
8
3. Graph each equation.
Quick Check. a. y 2x 3 b. y x 4
y y y
1. Find the slope of the line. 2 4
y 5 x 4
x
2 2
4 2 O 2 4
4
slope rise
run 4 2
4 2 O 2 4x 4 2 O 2 x
1
2 y 2x 3 2
4
134 Pre-Algebra Lesson 8-3 Daily Notetaking Guide Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 8-3 135
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 8-4 Writing Rules for Linear Functions Examples.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Algebra 2 Writing a Function Rule From a Table Write a rule for the linear
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1 Write a function rule for a word relationship Topic: Patterns, Relationships, and Functions function in the table below.
x f(x) As the x values decrease by 2,
2 Write a function rule by analyzing a table or graph Local Standards: __________________________ the f(x) values decrease by 8 .
2 3
2 8
0 5 8
2 8 So m 4 .
Vocabulary. 2 13 2
2 8
4 21 When x 0, f(x) 5 . So b 5 .
A function can be written in function notation using f(x) instead of y.
You read f(x) as f of x.
A rule for the function is f ( x) 4x 5 .
All rights reserved.
A function rule is an equation that describes a function.
All rights reserved.
3 Writing a Function Rule From a Graph Write a rule for the linear
function rule function rule
function in the graph below.
y 3x 7 f(x) 3x 7 y
4
2 2 4
2 (2, 2) slope 2
output input output input
0 2 2
x
4 2 O 2 4 y-intercept 2
Example. 2
(0, 2)
1 A long-distance company charges its customers a monthly fee of $4.95 plus
9¢ for each minute of a long-distance call. Find the total monthly bill if the 4 A rule for the function is f(x) 2x 2 .
customer made 90 minutes of long-distance calls.
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Quick Check.
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
Step 1 Write a function rule that relates the total monthly bill to the
1. Scrumptious Snack Mix is sold by mail order. It costs $3/lb, plus $4 for shipping and
number of minutes a customer spent on long-distance calls.
handling. Write a function rule for the total cost c(p) based on the number of
Words total bill is $4.95 plus 9¢ times number of minutes pounds p bought. Use your function to find the total cost of 5 lb of snack mix.
Let m = the number of minutes. c(p) 3p 4; $19
Let t(m) = total bill, a function of the number of minutes 2. Write a rule for each linear function.
a. b.
Rule t(m) 4.95 0.09 ? m x f(x) f ( x) 2x x y f (x) 2x 1
3 6 6 11
A rule for the function is t(m) 4.95 0.09m . 0 0 4 7
3 6 2 3
Step 2 Evaluate the function for m 90.
6 12 0 1
t (m) 4.95 0.09m
3. Write a rule for the function graphed at right. y
t ( 90 ) 4.95 0.09( 90 ) Replace m with 90 .
y x 2
4
( 2, 4)
t (90) 4.95 8.10 Multiply.
2
t (90) 13.05 Add. (1, 1)
The total monthly bill for 90 minutes of long-distance calls is $13.05 . 4 2 O 2 4x
136 Pre-Algebra Lesson 8-4 Daily Notetaking Guide 137
Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 8-4
34 Pre-Algebra All-In-One Answers Version A
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version A (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 8-5 Scatter Plots Example.
2 Use the table to make a scatter plot of the elevation and precipitation data.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Data Analysis and Probability
1 Topic: Data Representations Elevation and Precipitation
Interpret and draw scatter plots Elevation and Precipitation
y
Precipitation (in.)
2 Use scatter plots to find trends Elevation
Local Standards: ____________________________________ Mean Annual
Mean Annual
City Above Precipitation 60
Sea Level (ft) (in.)
Vocabulary. 40
Atlanta, GA 1,050 51
A scatter plot is a graph that shows the relationship between two sets of data. Boston, MA 20 42 20
Chicago, IL 596 36 0 x
Honolulu, HI 18 22 500 1,000 1,500
All rights reserved.
All rights reserved.
Elevation (ft)
Miami, FL 11 56
Phoenix, AZ 1,072 8
Portland, ME 75 44
negative San Diego, CA 40 10
positive correlation correlation no correlation
As one set of values As one set of values The values show Wichita, KS 1,305 29
increases, the other increases, the other no relationship.
set tends to increase. set tends to decrease.
Quick Check.
1. a. Use the information in Example 1 to describe the person represented by point A.
Example.
has 14 years of education and annual income of $90,000
1 The scatter plot shows education and income data. Learn and Earn
b. How many people have exactly 12 years of education?
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
120 4 people
a. Describe the person represented by the point with
Annual Incomes ($1,000s)
110
coordinates (10, 30). 100 2. Use the table at the right. Make a scatter plot
A Climate Data
90 of the latitude and precipitation data.
All rights reserved.
This person has 10 years of education and earns Location Mean
80
70 Climate Data (degrees Annual
$30,000 each year. City
north Precipitation
60 60 latitude) (inches)
50 55
b. How many people have exactly 14 years of education? 40 Atlanta, GA 34 51
50
What are their incomes? 30 Boston, MA 42 42
Precipitation (in.)
45
20 40 Chicago, IL 42 36
The points (14, 50 ), (14, 80 ), and (14, 90 ) 10 35 Duluth, MN 47 30
0 30
have education coordinate 14. The three people they 8 10 12 14 16 Honolulu, HI 21 22
Years of Education Completed 25
represent earn $50,000 , $80,000 , and 20 Houston, TX 30 46
$90,000 , respectively. 15 Juneau, AK 58 54
10 Miami, FL 26 56
5 33
c. Is there a positive correlation, a negative correlation, or no correlation between education Phoenix, AZ 8
0
20 30 40 50 60 Portland, ME 44 44
and income? Explain. Location San Diego, CA 33 10
(degrees north latitude)
As the years of education increase , annual income increases . Wichita, KS 38 29
SOURCES: The World Almanac and The Statistical Abstract of
There is a positive correlation. the United States. Go to www.PHSchool.com for a data update.
Web Code: adg-2041
138 Pre-Algebra Lesson 8-5 Daily Notetaking Guide Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 8-5 139
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Lesson 8-6 Solve by Graphing Isle Royale Populations
Lesson Objective NAEP 2005 Strand: Data Analysis and Probability 2,400
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1 Solve problems by graphing Topic: Data Representation
2,100
Local Standards: ____________________________________
1,800
1,500
Vocabulary.
Moose
1,200
The trend line on a scatter plot closely fits the data points in the scatter plot.
900
All rights reserved.
All rights reserved.
Example. 600
1 Use the data in the table below. Suppose this year there are 12 wolves on 300
the island. Predict how many moose are on the island.
Isle Royale Populations 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27
Year Wolf Moose Year Wolf Moose Year Wolf Moose Wolves
1982 14 700 1988 12 1,653 1994 15 1,800 Step 3 To predict the number of moose when there are 12 wolves, find
1983 23 900 1989 11 1,397 1995 16 2,400 12 along the horizontal axis. Look up to find the point on
1984 24 811 1990 15 1,216 1996 22 1,200 the trend line that corresponds to 12 wolves. Then look across to
1985 22 1,062 1991 12 1,313 1997 24 500 the value on the vertical axis, which is about 1,510 .
1986 20 1,025 1992 12 1,600 1998 14 700 There are about 1,510 moose on the island.
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1987 16 1,380 1993 13 1,880 1999 25 750
SOURCE: Isle Royale National Park Service Check the Answer You can write an equation for a trend line. You can use
the equation to make predictions.
Understand the Problem
Quick Check.
1. What are the two variables? moose, wolves 1. a. What is the y-intercept of the trend line above?
2. What are you trying to predict?
Answers may vary. Sample: about 2,175
the number of moose when 12 wolves are on the island
b. Locate one other point on the trend line. Then find the slope
of the trend line.
Make and Carry Out a Plan You can graph the data in a scatter plot. If the
points show a correlation, you can draw a trend line. You can use the line Answers may vary. Sample: about 55
to predict other data values. c. Write an equation for the trend line in slope-intercept form.
Step 1 Make a scatter plot by graphing the (wolf, moose) ordered pairs. Answers may vary. Sample: y 55x 2,175
Use the x-axis for wolves and the y-axis for moose . d. Use the equation you wrote in part (c). Find the solution of the equation
when x 12.
Step 2 Sketch a trend line. The line should be as close as possible to each
data point. There should be about as many points above the trend Answers may vary. Sample: about 1,515
line as below it.
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Lesson 8-7 Solving Systems of Linear Equations Examples.
2 Solving Special Systems Solve each system of equations by graphing.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Algebra
a. 27x 9y 36; y 4 3x b. 8 4x 2y; 2x y 5
1 Solve systems of linear equations by graphing Topic: Algebraic Representations
2 Use systems of linear equations to solve y y
Local Standards: _______________________________ 4 27x 9y 36
problems
2 y 4 3x 4 2x y 5
2
Vocabulary. 4 2 O 2 4x
8 4x 2y
A system of linear equations is two or more linear equations. 2 4 2 O 2 4x
4 2
All rights reserved.
All rights reserved.
The lines are the same line. There are The lines are parallel . They do
Example.
infinitely many solutions. not intersect. There is no solution.
1 Solve a System by Graphing Solve the system y x 7 and y 4x 2
by graphing.
3 Using a System of Equations Find two numbers with a sum of 10 and
Step 1 Graph each line. Step 2 Find the point of intersection. a difference of 2.
y The lines intersect at one point, (3, 10) .
4 Step 1 Write equations. Step 2 Graph the equations.
The solution is (3, 10) .
Let x the greater number. y
y 4x 2 12
8 4 O 4 8x Let y the lesser number. xy2 The lines intersect
4 8 at (6, 4) .
Equation 1 Sum is 10. x y 10
The numbers are
8 y x 7 x y 10 4
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6 and 4 .
12 Equation 2 Difference is 2. 4 O 4 8 12 x
x y 2 4
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Check See whether (3, 10) makes both equations true.
yx7 Replace x with 3 y 4x 2
10 10 4
Quick Check.
3 7 and y with 10 . ( 3 )2
2. Solve each system of equations by graphing. 3. Find two numbers with
10 10 ✔ The solution checks. 10 10 ✔
a. y x 6; b. y x 4; a difference of 2 and a
xy6 yx sum of 8.
y y y xy2
Quick Check. 8 8
yx4
1. Solve each system of equations by y y 4 2 4
graphing. Check the solution. a.
8
b. 4 yx
O O
a. y x 6 and y 2x 4 xy1 2 8 4 O 8x 2 2 4x 8 4 4 8x
(2, 4) 4 4
yx6
b. y 3x 3 and x y 1 8 4 O 4 8x 4 2 O 2 4x
xy6
4 8 x y 8
(1, 0) 4 y 2x 2
y 3x 3
yx6
infinitely many solutions no solution 3, 5
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Lesson 8-8 Graphing Linear Inequalities Examples.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Algebra 2 Cashews cost $2/lb. Pecans cost $4/lb. You plan to spend no more than $20.
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1 Graph linear inequalities Topic: Variables, Expressions, and Operations Write an inequality to represent the number of pounds of each you can buy.
2 Graph systems of linear inequalities Local Standards: ____________________________________ Words cost of cashews plus cost of pecans is at most twenty dollars
Let y = number of pounds of cashews.
Vocabulary. Let x = number of pounds of pecans.
A linear inequality is an equation whose equal sign is replaced with , , , or .
Inequality 2y 4x 20
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A system of linear inequalities is two or more linear inequalities.
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3 Solving a System of Linear Inequalities Solve the system y
Example. 4
y x 1 and y 2x 3 by graphing.
1 Graphing a Linear Inequality Graph the inequality y 2x 1 on a coordinate plane. yLx1
Step 1 Graph y x 1 and shade in one color. 2
Step 1 Graph the boundary line. Step 2 Test a point not on the boundary line.
Step 2 Graph y 2x 3 and shade in second color.
Points on the boundary line
Test (0, 0) in the inequality. 4 2 O 2 4x
do not make y 2x 1
y 2x 1 The solutions are the coordinates of all the points in the region
2
true. Use a dashed line. 0 2
?
( 0 ) 1 Substitute. that is shaded in both colors.
y R 2x 3
? 4
y 001 y
4 0 1✗ false 4
2 Since the inequality is 2
Quick Check.
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y 2x 1 y 2x 1 (0, 0)
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false for (0, 0),
4 2 O 2 4x shade the region that 4 2 O 2 4x 2. Adult tickets to the school play cost $4. Children’s tickets cost $2. Your goal
is to sell tickets worth at least $30. Let x be the number of children’s tickets
2 does not contain (0, 0). 2
and y be the number of adult tickets. Write a linear inequality to show how
4 4 many of each type of ticket you must sell to reach your goal.
2x 4y 30
Quick Check.
1. Graph each inequality. 3. Solve each system by graphing.
a. y 2x 5 b. y x 1
a. y 3x 1 b. y x 3 c. y 2x 4
y 12x y 3x 4
y y y y y
4 y S x 3 4
y L 3x 1 y # 2x 5 y < 1 x y < 3x 4
2
2 2 2 2 2
4 2 O 2 4x 4 2 O 2 x 4 2 O 2 4x 4 2 O 2 4x 4 2 2 4x
2 2 2 2 y > x 1
y 2x 4
4 4 4 4
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Introduction to Geometry: 2 Relationships of Lines You are looking at a picture frame. Name each of the following.
Lesson 9-1 Points, Lines and Planes
P O
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Geometry a. four segments that intersect PT
M N
1 Name basic geometric figures Topic: Relationships Among Geometric Figures MP , OP , QT , and ST
2 Recognize intersecting lines, Local Standards: ________________________ b. three segments parallel to PT
parallel lines and skew lines
MQ , NR , and OS
Vocabulary. c. four segments skew to PT
Q R
Basic Geometric Figures MN , NO , QR , and RS
Symbolic T S
Sample Name Description
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All rights reserved.
A Point A A point is a location in space. It has no size. 3 Drawing Lines Draw two intersecting
* ) lines. Then draw a segment that is
A AB, A line is a series of points that extends in opposite
* ) parallel to one of the intersecting lines.
B BA, directions without end. A lowercase letter can name a line.
n or n Use the lines on notebook paper or
A B ABCD A plane is a flat surface with no thickness. It graph paper. First draw the lines that
M or M contains many lines and extends without end in the intersect. Then draw a segment that is
D C parallel to one of the lines.
directions of all its lines.
Q PQ, or A segment is a part of a line. It has two endpoints.
QP PQ represents the length of PQ. Quick Check.
P 1. Name each figure in the diagram.
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
C R ) A ray is a part of a line. It has exactly one
CR C a. two segments NC , NV
endpoint. Name its endpoint first.
b. two rays
) )
N NC , NV
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Parallel lines are lines in the same plane that never Q V
M
N
intersect. R 2. Use the picture in Example 2 to name each of the following:
V
T
a. four segments that b. Three segments parallel c. four segments that are
Skew lines are lines that are not in the same plane, are P S intersect QR to QR skew to QR
not parallel, and do not intersect. MN and NP intersect . MQ , TQ , PO , MN , PT , PO ,
MN and QR are parallel . NO , and
RS , and NR and ST MP
MN and RS are skew .
Examples. 3. Use the grid to draw the figures indicated. R
a. three parallel segments G
1 Naming Geometric Figures Use the figure to name each of the following.
b. a ray that intersects the parallel segments of part (a)
a. four different segments A H B
H Name a segment c. a segment, AB C D
HO , HJ , KI , and OI , by its endpoints. h
I d. a ray, QR E F
g
K O b. five different rays e. a line, LM G
J HO ,
) OJ
) , KI
) , and JH
) ,
The first letter names
L
the endpoint. M
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2 Identifying Congruent Angles In the diagram, p q. Identify each of the
Lesson 9-2 Angle Relationships and Parallel Lines following.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Geometry
p 1 5
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1 Identify adjacent and vertical angles Topic: Relationships Among Geometric Figures
2 6
2 Relate angles formed by parallel lines and Local Standards: ____________________________
a transversal q 3 7
4 8
Vocabulary.
n
Angles 1 and 2 are adjacent angles. They share ᐉ a. congruent corresponding angles
1
3 2 1 3 , 2 4 , 5 7 , 6 8
a vertex and a side. 4
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All rights reserved.
m 5 6
Angles 1 and 4 are vertical angles. They are b. congruent alternate interior angles
7 8
formed by two intersecting lines. 2 7 , 6 3
Line n is a transversal . It intersects lines ᐉ and m.
Angles 1 and 5 are corresponding angles. Quick Check.
Angles 3 and 6 are alternate interior angles. 1. If m8 20 , find the measures of 5, 6, and 7.
m5 160º
5 6
ABC and CBD are complementary angles. The sum 8 7 m6 20º
D
of their measures is 90 . m7 160º
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
C
ABD and DBE are supplementary angles. The sum 2. In the diagram, a b.
of their measures is 180 . A B E
a 1 2
4 3
b 5 6
Examples. 8 7
1 Finding the Measure of an Angle Find the measure of 3 if m4 110 .
a. Name four pairs of congruent corresponding angles.
2
1 3 1 5 , 2 6 , 3 7 , 4 8
4
b. Name two pairs of congruent alternate interior angles.
3 5 , 4 6
m3 m4 180 3 and 4 are supplementary .
m3 110 180 Replace m4 with 110 .
m3 110 110 180 110 Solve for m3.
m3 70
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Lesson 9-3 Classifying Polygons Examples.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Algebra
1 Classifying a Triangle Classify the triangle by its sides and angles.
1 Classify triangles Topic: Equations and Inequalities
17 in.
2 Classify quadrilaterals Local Standards: ____________________________________ 6 in. The triangle has no congruent
120
sides and one obtuse angle.
12 in.
Vocabulary. The triangle is a scalene obtuse triangle.
A polygon is a closed plane figure with at least three sides.
2 Classifying Quadrilaterals Name the types of quadrilaterals that have at
least one pair of parallel sides.
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All rights reserved.
A regular polygon is a figure with all sides congruent and all angles congruent.
All parallelograms and trapezoids have at least one pair of
parallel sides. Parallelograms include rectangles and squares .
3 Construction A contractor is framing the wooden deck shown below in
Acute triangle Right triangle Obtuse triangle the shape of a regular dodecagon (12 sides). Write a formula to find the
three acute right obtuse perimeter of the deck. Evaluate the formula for a side length of 3 ft.
angles one angle one angle
To write a formula, let x the length of each side.
The perimeter of the regular dodecagon is
Pxxxxxxxxxxxx.
Therefore a formula for the perimeter is P 12x .
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
Equilateral triangle Isosceles triangle Scalene triangle
P 12x Write the formula.
three congruent sides at least two no congruent sides
congruent sides
12 ( 3 ) Substitute 3 for x.
36 Simplify.
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Trapezoid
Trapezoid For a side length of 3 ft, the perimeter is 36 ft.
Quadrilateral
exactly one pair
four sides of sides
parallel
Quick Check.
1. Judging by appearance, classify each triangle by its sides and angles.
Parallellogram
a. scalene right b. isosceles obtuse
both pairs of opposite sides parallel
triangle triangle
Rhombus
Rectangle Square four
four 90 angles four 90 angles congruent
2. Name the two types of quadrilaterals that 3. a. Write a formula to find the perimeter
and four sides have four right angles. P 6x
of a regular hexagon.
congruent rectangles squares b. Use the formula to find the perimeter
and
sides 96 cm
if one side is 16 cm.
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Check the Answer
Lesson 9-4 Draw a Diagram
Counting the diagonals after they have all been drawn is not an easy task.
Lesson Objective
To check your results, you may want to try a different approach.
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1 Draw a diagram Local Standards: ____________________________________
Start with figures with fewer sides and see whether there is a pattern to the
total numbers of diagonals as you increase the number of sides.
Example.
1 Diagonals How many diagonals does a nonagon have?
Understand the Problem
In reading the problem, make sure you understand the meanings of
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All rights reserved.
all the terms.
Number Number
Figure
of Sides of Diagonals
1. What is a nonagon?
Triangle 3 0
a nine-sided polygon
Quadrilateral 4 2
2. What is a diagonal? Pentagon 5 5
a segment connecting nonconsecutive vertices Hexagon 6 9
Make and Carry Out a Plan Notice that the total number of diagonals increases as you increase
One strategy for solving this problem is to draw a diagram and count the the number of sides of the polygon. First the number increases by 2 ,
diagonals. A nonagon has nine sides. You can draw six then by 3 , and then by 4 . Continue the pattern to check your results.
diagonals from one vertex of a nonagon.
Number Number
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Figure
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of Sides of Diagonals
B Heptagon 7 14
A C Octagon 8 20
Nonagon 9 27
I D AH, AG, AF, AE, AD, and AC
are some of the diagonals.
Quick Check.
H E
1. How many diagonals does a dodecagon have?
G F
54
You can organize your results as you count the diagonals. Do not count the
same diagonal twice. (The diagonal from A to C is the same as the one
from C to A.) Then find the sum of the numbers of diagonals.
Vertex A B C D E F G H I Total
Number of Diagonals 6 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 27
A nonagon has 27 diagonals.
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2 Identifying Congruent Triangles List the congruent corresponding parts
Lesson 9-5 Congruence of each pair of triangles. Write a congruence statement for the triangles.
a. M L
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Geometry LJ Side
MK
1 Identify corresponding parts of congruent triangles Topic: Transformation of Shapes and Preservation
2
of Properties MKJ LJK Angle
Determine whether triangles are congruent
Local Standards: ____________________________
JK JK Side
Vocabulary. and Key Concepts. MKJ LJK by SAS .
J K
Congruent figures are figures that have the same size and shape, and their corresponding b. E A
parts have equal measures.
ACB ECD Angle
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Side – Side – Side Angle – Side – Angle AC EC Side
( SSS ) ( ASA ) CAB CED Angle
D C B ACB ECD by ASA .
Quick Check.
1. ABC DEC. Judging by appearance, list all pairs of congruent
corresponding sides and angles. Then find AC.
Side – Angle – Side
D AB DE , BC EC , AC DC ,
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50 m A D , B E ,
( SAS ) 30 m
B 40 m BCA ECD ; AC 50 m
C E
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Examples. A
1 Identifying Congruent Parts In the figure, TUV WUX.
a. Name the corresponding congruent angles. V 2. For the two triangles, list the congruent corresponding parts. Write a
V X , T W , TUV WUX
congruence statement (and reason) for the triangles.
m
0
F FJ , JI GH , FI
30
FG FH ;
b. Name the corresponding congruent sides.
JFI GFH by SSS
TV WX , TU WU , VU XU T U W J G
I H
c. Find the length of WX.
Since WX TV and TV 300 m, WX 300 m. X
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2 Making a Circle Graph Make a circle graph for Jackie’s weekly Jackie’s Weekly Budget
Lesson 9-6 Circles budget. Use proportions to find the measures of the central angles.
Entertainment (e) 20%
Lesson Objectives 20 20 f Food ( f ) 20%
NAEP 2005 Strand: Measurement
e 360
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1 Find circumferences Topic: Measuring Physical Attributes 100 360 100 Transportation (t) 10%
2 e 72° f 72° Savings (s) 50%
Find central angles and make circle graphs Local Standards: _____________________________
10 t 50
s
100
360 100
360
Vocabulary and Key Concepts.
t 36° s 180°
Circumference of a Circle Use a compass to draw a circle. Draw the central angles with a protractor.
The circumference of a circle is π times the diameter. Label each section. Add a title.
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Jackie’s Weekly Budget
d r C π d Entertainment
C2 π r
Savings
C Food
A circle is the set of all points in a plane that are the same distance from a given point,
called the center of the circle.
Transportation
A central angle is an angle whose vertex is the center of a circle.
Quick Check.
radius 1. Find the circumference of a circle with a diameter of 2 45 in.
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
A is a
segment that has one Circumference
endpoint at the center is the distance around about 8 4
and the other point 5
the circle.
on the circle.
A chord is a
diameter 2. Make a circle graph for the data. Round the measure of each central angle
A segment whose
is a chord that passes to the nearest degree.
endpoints are
through the center Blood Types of Population
of a circle. on the circle.
Type A Type B Type AB Type O
40% 12% 5% 43%
Examples.
1 Finding Circumference Find the circumference of the circle. Blood Types of Population
C πd Write the formula.
Type O
6 in. Replace π with 3.14 155°
C ( 3.14 ) 12
and d with 12. Type A Type AB
144° 18°
37.68 Simplify. Type B
43°
The circumference of the circle is about 37.68 in.
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2 Constructing a Congruent Angle Construct an angle congruent to W.
Lesson 9-7 Constructions Step 1 Draw a ray with
N endpoint A.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Geometry C
1 Construct a segment or an angle congruent to a Topic: Relationships Among Geometric Figures Step 2 With the compass
given segment or angle point at W, draw an
Local Standards: ___________________________ arc that intersects the
2 Construct segment bisector and angle bisectors
sides of W. Label the
W A B
intersection points M
M and N.
Vocabulary.
CAB NWM Step 3 With the same compass
Perpendicular lines, segments, or rays intersect to form right angles. setting, put the compass
tip on A. Draw an arc
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that intersects the ray
A segment bisector is a line, segment, or ray that divides a segment into two congruent
at point B.
segments.
Step 4 Open the compass
A perpendicular bisector is a line, segment, or ray that is perpendicular to the segment to the length of MN.
it bisects. Using this setting, put
the compass tip at B.
An angle bisector is a ray that divides an angle into two congruent angles.
Draw an arc to
determine the point C.
Draw AC.
Examples.
1 Constructing a Perpendicular Bisector Construct the perpendicular
bisector of WX .
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
Quick Check.
W X 1. Construct the perpendicular bisector of CD . 2. Construct an angle congruent to A.
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S
Step 1 Open the compass to more than half the
length of WX. Put the compass tip at W. Draw A
W M X an arc intersecting WX. With the same C D
compass setting, repeat from point X.
T Step 2 Label the points of intersection S and T. X
Draw ST. Label the intersection of ST
and WX point M.
ST is perpendicular to WX and ST bisects WX .
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Lesson 9-8 Translations Examples.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Geometry 2 Using Arrow Notation Use arrow notation to describe the translation
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1 Graph translations Topics: Transformation of Shapes and of X to X .
2 Describe translations Preservation of Properties y The point moves from X(2, 3) to X (3, 1), so the
4
Local Standards: ___________________________ X translation is X(2, 3) S X (3, 1) .
2
X
Vocabulary. 4 2 2 4x
A transformation is a change of position or size of a figure. 2
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4
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A translation is a transformation that moves points the same distance and in the same direction.
An image is the figure you get after a transformation.
3 Writing a Rule Write a rule to describe the translation of RST
Example.
to R S T .
1 Translating a Figure Graph the image of BCD after a translation y Use R(2, 3) and its image R (3, 2) to find the
S
3 units to the left and 4 units down. horizontal and vertical translations.
4
y C
4
R T
2 Horizontal translation: 3 ( 2 ) 1
2
4 2
S
2 4 x
Vertical translation: 2 ( 3 ) 5
C B D
2
The rule is (x, y) S (x 1 , y 5 ).
4 2 2 4x
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R T
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2 4
B D
4
Quick Check.
Quick Check.
2. Use arrow notation to describe a translation of B(1, 5) to B (3, 1).
1. On a coordinate plane, draw BCD from Example 1. Graph the image of
BCD after a translation of BCD four units to the left. B(1, 5) S B (3, 1)
C y C 3. Write a rule to describe the translation of y
4 B
quadrilateral ABCD to quadrilateral A B C D . 2
A C B
C
(x, y) S (x 5, y 1)
5 A 5x
B D B D D 2
4 2 2 4x D
2
4
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Lesson 9-9 Symmetry and Reflections Examples.
2 Reflecting Over an Axis Graph the image of EFG after a reflection over the
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Geometry
x-axis.
1 Identify a line of symmetry Topic: Transformation of Shapes and Preservation of Properties
2 G y
Graph a reflection of a geometric figure 4
Local Standards: _______________________________________
2 Since F is 2 units below the x-axis,
F E
Vocabulary. F is 2 units above the x-axis.
4 2 2 4x
Reflectional symmetry is when one half is a mirror image of the other half. Reflect the other vertices.
E Draw EFG.
F 2
G 4
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All rights reserved.
A line of symmetry is a line that divides a figure with reflectional symmetry into
two congruent halves.
A reflection is a transformation that flips a figure over a line of reflection.
3 Reflecting Over a Line Graph the image of EFG after a reflection
over y 1.
A line of reflection is a line across which a figure is reflected. y
4
G Graph y 1.
2
Since F is 1 unit below the line,
Example. F E
4 2 2 4x F is 1 unit above the line.
1 Finding Lines of Symmetry Draw the lines of symmetry. E Reflect the other vertices.
2
Tell how many lines there are. F Draw EFG.
a. b.
G 4
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
All rights reserved.
Quick Check.
2. Graph the image of EFG after a reflection 3. Graph ABC with vertices A(3, 0), B(2, 3),
over the y-axis. and C(5, 1) and its image after a reflection
over the line x 2.
y y x2
4 4
8 lines of symmetry 2 lines of symmetry B B
2 2
Quick Check. 4 2 2 4x 4 2 A2 A 4x
1. Draw all lines of symmetry for each figure. E E C C
2 2
a. b. F F
4
G 4 G
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2 Finding Rotational Symmetry Judging from appearance, tell whether the
Lesson 9-10 Rotations star has rotational symmetry. If so, what is the angle of rotation?
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Geometry The star can match itself in 6 positions.
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1 Graph rotations Topic: Transformation of Shapes and
2 Preservation of Properties The pattern repeats in 6 equal intervals.
Identify rotational symmetry
360° 6 60°
Local Standards: _______________________________________
Vocabulary. The figure has rotational symmetry.
A rotation is a transformation that turns a figure about a fixed point called the The angle of rotation is 60° .
center of rotation.
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All rights reserved.
A center of rotation is a fixed point about which a figure is rotated.
Quick Check.
An angle of rotation is the angle measure of the rotation. 1. Draw the image of RST in Example 1 after a rotation of 180 about the
origin. Name the coordinates of the vertices of the image.
y
A figure has rotational symmetry if the figure can rotate 180º or less so that its image
T S
matches the original figure. 4
2
R
Examples.
4 2 R 2 4 x
1 Finding a Rotation Image Find the vertices of the image of RST after a 2
rotation of 90º about the origin.
4 S
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
y T Step 1 Use a blank transparency T
sheet. Trace RST, the x-axis,
4
and the y-axis. Then fix the
tracing in place at the origin. The vertices of the image are R( 1 , 1 ), S( 1 , 4 ), and T( 5 , 4 ).
2
R S Step 2 Rotate the tracing 90º
4 2 R 2 4 x counterclockwise. Make sure the 2. Judging from appearance, tell whether each figure has rotational symmetry.
axes line up. Label the vertices If so, what is the angle of rotation?
2 R, S, and T. Connect the a. b. c.
vertices of the rotated triangle.
4 S T
The vertices of the image are R( 1 , 1 ), S( 4 , 1 ), and T( 4 , 5 ).
no yes; 180° yes; 180°
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41
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Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 10-1 Area: Parallelograms 2 Finding Area of a Parallelogram Find the area of each parallelogram.
a. 8m A bh area formula
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Measurement
1
2
Find areas of rectangles Topic: Measuring Physical Attributes; Systems of
Measurement
2m 3m ( 8 )( 2 ) Substitute.
Find areas of parallelograms
16 Simplify.
Local Standards: ____________________________________
The area is 16 m2.
Vocabulary and Key Concepts. b. A bh area formula
Area of a Parallelogram 6 in. ( 2.5 )( 6 ) Substitute.
The area of a parallelogram is the product of any base length b and the
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All rights reserved.
15 Simplify.
corresponding height h.
b 2.5 in.
h The area is 15 in.2.
h b h
b
A b ? h
Quick Check.
1. Find the area of each rectangle.
The area of a figure is the number of square units it encloses. a. 1m A bh
An altitude is a line segment perpendicular to the base of the figure and drawn from the side 10 cm 100 10
opposite the base. 1,000
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
The area is 1,000 cm2.
Examples. b. 2 yd A bh
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1 Finding Area of a Rectangle Find the area of the rectangle. 2 ft 6 2
4m 12
The area is 12 ft2.
150 cm
2. Find the area of each parallelogram.
Step 1 Change the units so they are the same. a. 3m A bh
150 cm 1.5 m Change 150 centimeters to meters. 2m 3 2
6
Step 2 Find the area.
The area is 6 m2.
A bh Use the formula for area of a rectangle.
Replace b and h with the dimensions b. A bh
( 4 )( 1.5 ) 4 and 1.5 . 8 in. 8 3
3 in.
6 Simplify. 24
The area of the rectangle is 6 m2. The area is 24 in.2.
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Lesson 10-2 Area: Triangles and Trapezoids
2 Finding Area of a Trapezoid Suppose that, through the years, a layer of silt
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Measurement and mud settled in the bottom of the Erie Canal. Below is the resulting cross
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1 Find areas of triangles Topics: Measuring Physical Attributes;
section of the canal. Find the area of the trapezoidal cross section.
2 Find areas of trapezoids Systems of Measurement 40 ft wide
Local Standards: ____________________________________
31 ft wide 3 ft deep
Vocabulary and Key Concepts. 1
A h ( b1 b2 ) Use the formula for area of a trapezoid.
2
Area of a Triangle
A 12 ? ( )
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The area of a triangle equals half the product of 3 31 40 Replace h with 3 , b1 with 31 , and b2 with 40 .
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any base length b and the corresponding height h. 1
h A b h 12 ? 3 ( 71 ) Add.
2
b 12 ? 213 Multiply.
106.5 Simplify.
Area of a Trapezoid
The area of a trapezoid is half the b1
product of the height and the sum of The area of the cross section is 106.5 ft2.
1
the lengths of the bases. h A h ( b1 b2 )
2
b2
Quick Check.
1. Find the area of each figure.
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
An altitude of a triangle is the perpendicular segment from a vertex of a triangle to the line a. A 12 bh
5 ft 4 ft
containing the opposite side. 1.8 ft 12 ( 8.2 1.8 )
8.2 ft
7.38
Examples.
The area is 7.38 ft2.
1 Finding Area of a Triangle Find the area of the triangle.
b. 5m A 12 bh
8.8 in. 8.8 in.
2m 12 ( 5 2 )
5.4 m
66 in.
in. 5
The area is 5 m2.
13 in.
c. A 21 h(b1 b2)
1
A Use the formula for area of a triangle.
2
bh
2 ft 4 ft 4 12 ft 1
2
4 ( 2 41
2 )
12 ? 13 ? 6 Replace b with 13 and h with 6 . 13
39 Simplify. The area is 13 ft2.
The area is 39 in.2.
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Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version A (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 10-3 Area: Circles 3 Finding Areas of Irregular Figures A pound of grass seed covers approximately
675 ft2. Find the area of the lawn below. Then find the number of bags of grass
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Measurement seed you need to buy to cover the lawn. Grass seed comes in 3-lb bags.
1 Find areas of circles Topics: Estimation; Measuring Physical Attributes 45 ft
2 Find area of irregular figures that
include parts of circles Local Standards: ____________________________________
25 ft
Key Concepts. 15 ft
Area of a Circle
The area of a circle equals the product of π and the square of the radius r. Area of region that is one fourth of a circle:
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area of a circle π r 2
r
A π r 2 1
π
area of a quarter circle r 2
4
A 14 ( 3.14 )( 15 )2 Replace π with 3.14 and r with 15 .
176.625 ft2
Examples.
1 Finding Area of a Circle Find the exact area of a circle with diameter 20 in. Area of region that is a rectangle:
area of a rectangle bh
A πr 2 Use the formula for area of a circle.
A 45 ? 25 Replace b with 45 and h with 25 .
π ( 10 )2 1
r d; r
2 10
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1,125 ft2
100π Simplify.
The area is 100π in.2. The area of the lawn is about 177 ft2 1,125 ft2 1,302 ft2.
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You need to buy one 3-lb bag of grass seed.
2 Using a Decimal Approximation of A TV station’s weather radar can
detect precipitation in a circular region having a diameter of 100 mi. Find the
area of the region. Quick Check.
A πr 2 Use the formula for area of a circle. 1. Find the exact area of a circle with radius 50 in.
π ( 50 )
2 1
r d; r
2 50 2,500π in.2
2,500π exact area
2,500 ( 3.14 ) Use 3.14 for π. 2. Find the approximate area of a circle with radius 6 mi.
7,850 approximate area about 113 mi2
The area of the region is about 7,850 mi2. 3. Find the area of the shaded figure to the nearest tenth.
10 cm 40.2 cm2
2.5 cm
5 cm
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Lesson 10-4 Space Figures Examples.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Geometry
1 Naming Space Figures For each figure, describe the bases and name the figure.
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1 Identify common space figures Topic: Dimension and Shape a.
2 Identify space figures from nets
Local Standards: ____________________________________
The bases are circles . The figure is a cylinder .
Vocabulary.
b.
A space figure is a three-dimensional figure.
The bases are rectangles .
Vertex
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The figure is a rectangular prism .
Lateral edge
Bases
Lateral face
2 Naming Space Figures From Nets Name the space figure
you can form from each net.
Base edge Base
a. With two hexagonal bases and rectangular sides,
A pyramid has a base that is a polygon.
you can form a hexagonal prism .
The lateral faces are triangles .
Vertex
b. With a rectangular base and triangular sides,
you can form a rectangular pyramid .
Bases Lateral surface
Lateral
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
surface
Base
Quick Check.
A cylinder has two parallel bases that are congruent circles. 1. Name each figure.
a. b.
A cone has one circular base and one vertex.
cylinder cone
r
2. Name the space figure you can form from each net.
a. b.
A sphere is the set of all points in space that are a given distance from a given point called
the center.
With a triangular base and three faces With two square bases and four faces
A net is a pattern that can be formed into a space figure. that are triangles, you can form a that are squares, you can
triangular pyramid. form a square prism.
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43
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Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 10-5 Surface Area: Prisms and CylInders 2 Using Formulas Find the surface area of the cylindrical water tank.
8 ft
Step 1 Find the lateral area.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Measurement
1 Find surface area of prisms Topic: Measuring Physical Attributes L.A. 2πrh Use the formula for lateral area.
2 15 ft
Find surface area of cylinders
Local Standards: ____________________________________ 2(3.14) 8 ( )( 15 ) p
754
Vocabulary and Key Concepts.
Step 2 Find the surface area.
Surface Area of a Prism S.A. L.A. 2B Use the formula for surface area.
The lateral area of a prism is the product of the perimeter p Perimeter of base L.A. 2 ( πr2 )
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of the base and the height.
L.A. ph h
754 2(3.14) 8 ( )2
1,156
Surface Area of a Cylinder B Area of base
The lateral area of a cylinder is the product of the circumference B is the area The surface area of the water tank is about 1,156 ft2.
of the base and the height of the cylinder. of a base.
L.A. 2πrh
r
Quick Check.
The surface area of a cylinder is the sum of the lateral area h
and the areas of the two bases. 1. Find the surface area of each prism.
a. 6 yd b.
S.A. L.A. 2B
5y 6m
3 yd d
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
Surface area (S.A.) is the sum of the areas of the base(s) and the lateral faces of a space figure. 3m
4m
4 yd
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Lateral area (L.A.) of a prism is the sum of the areas of the lateral faces. 84 yd2 108 m2
Examples.
1 Using a Net Find the surface area of the rectangular prism using a net.
10 cm 90 cm2 90 cm2 10 cm
60 cm2
10 cm
6 cm 2. Find the surface area of a can with radius 5 cm and height 20 cm.
Draw and label a net. 15 cm
15 cm
150 cm2 Find the area of each 785 cm2
rectangle in the net.
60 cm2
6 cm 6 cm
150 cm2
10 cm
60 60 150 90 150 90 600 Add the areas.
The surface area is 600 cm2.
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Surface Area: Pyramids,
Lesson 10-6 Cones, and Spheres 2 Finding Surface Area of a Cone Find the surface area of the cone.
Lesson Objectives
Step 1 Find the lateral area.
NAEP 2005 Strand: Measurement
L.A. π ᐉ
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1 Find surface area of pyramids Topic: Measuring Physical Attributes r Use the formula for lateral area.
2 Find surface area of cones and spheres
Local Standards: ____________________________________ (3.14) 3 ( )( 7 ) r 3 and ᐉ 7 .
7m
65.94
Vocabulary and Key Concepts.
3m
Surface Area of a Pyramid Step 2 Find the surface area.
The lateral area of a pyramid is one-half the product of S.A. L.A. B Use the formula for surface area.
the perimeter of the base and the slant height. (3.14) 3 ( )2 ( 3 )2.
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65.94 L.A. 65.94 and B π
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1 B 艎
L.A. p ᐉ S.A. L.A. B 65.94 28.26
2 94.2
Surface Area of a Cone The surface area of the cone is about 94 m2.
The surface area of a cone is the sum of the lateral area
3 Finding Surface Area of a Sphere Earth has an approximate radius
and base area.
艎 of 3,963 mi. What is the Earth’s approximate surface area to the nearest
L.A. π r ᐉ S.A. L.A. B 1,000 mi2? Assume the Earth is a sphere.
B S.A. 4 π r
2
Use the formula for surface area.
Surface Area of a Sphere r
S.A. 4 π r2 4(3.14) ( 3,963 )2 r 3,963
r
197,259,434.64 Multiply.
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7,926 mi
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
197,259,000 Round to the nearest 1,000.
The slant height is the height of a lateral face. The surface area of the Earth is about 197,259,000 mi2.
Examples. Quick Check.
1 Finding Surface Area of a Pyramid Find the surface area of the square pyramid.
1. A pyramid has a square base with edge 20 ft. The slant height is 8 ft.
Step 1 Find the lateral area.
Find its surface area.
1
L.A. pᐉ Use the formula for lateral area. 8m 720 ft2
2
12 ? 20 ? 8 p4 ( 5 ) and ᐉ 8 .
2. A cone has lateral height 39 ft and radius 7 ft. Find its surface area.
80
Step 2 Find the surface area. 5m about 1,011 ft2
S.A. L.A. B
80 52 Lateral area 80 and B 52 .
3. A sphere has a radius of 6 cm. Find its surface area.
80 25 105
about 452 cm2
The surface area of the pyramid is 105 m2.
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Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version A (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 10-7 Volume: Prisms and Cylinders 2 Find the volume of the juice can to the nearest cubic centimeter.
3.4 cm
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Measurement
1 Find volumes of prisms Topic: Measuring Physical Attributes
2 Find volumes of cylinders
Local Standards: ____________________________________
Vocabulary and Key Concepts.
16 cm
Volume of a Prism
The volume V of a prism is the product of the base area B and height h.
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All rights reserved.
V B h
h
V Bh Use the formula for volume.
B V πr2 h B πr2
Volume of a Cylinder
2
The volume V of a cylinder is the product of the base area B and height h. r 3.14 ? 3.4 ? 16 Replace r with 3.4 and h with 16 .
V B h . h 580.7744 Simplify.
B The volume is about 581 cm3.
The volume of a three-dimensional figure is the number of cubic units needed to fill it. Quick Check.
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1. Find the volume of the triangular prism.
A cubic unit is the space occupied by a cube with sides one unit long. 216 ft3 6 ft
All rights reserved.
9 ft
8 ft
Examples.
1 Finding Volume of a Prism Find the volume of the triangular prism.
2. Find the volume of the cylinder to the nearest cubic foot.
V Bh Use the formula for volume. 9 cm
2 1,900 ft3
11 ft
63 ? 20 B 1 ? 9 ? 14 63 cm 14 cm
2
1,260 Simplify. 5 ft
20 cm
The volume is 1,260 cm3.
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Lesson 10-8 Make a Model 3. Measure your models to find approximate radii.
a. Radius of 10-in. = high can is approximately1.3 in.
Lesson Objective Local Standards: ____________________________________
b. Radius of 8-in. = high can is approximately1.6 in.
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1 Make a model
Find the volumes.
V πr 2h V πr2h
Example.
2 2
1 Packaging A can company rolls rectangular pieces of metal that measure (3.14) ( 1.3 )( 10 ) (3.14) ( 1.6 )( 8 )
8 in. by 10 in. to make the sides of cans. Which height, 8 in. or 10 in., will 53.1 64.3
make a can with the greater volume?
The volume is 53.1 in.3. The volume is 64.3 in.3.
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All rights reserved.
8 in. The can with the greater volume is the can whose height is 8 in. .
Check the Answer
10 in.
A table is another way to organize your information and solve the problem.
Understand the Problem
4. List the height of each can, and then find the radius and the volume of the can.
1. What is the goal of the problem?
to find the height of the can with the greater volume Height Radius Volume
8 in. 1.6 in. 64.3 in.3
2. What information do you have to help you build a model?
the dimensions of the metal pieces 10 in. 1.3 in. 53.1 in.3
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
Make and Carry Out a Plan
You must find the height that gives you the greatest volume. Build two cans using
Quick Check.
8 in-by-10 in. pieces of paper. You do not need to make the bases, just the sides. 1. Suppose the company uses rectangular pieces of metal that measure 7 in. by
9 in. to form the cans. Build two models to determine which height, 7 in. or
9 in., will make the can with greater volume. Use the table below to
organize your information.
10 in.
Height Radius Volume
7 in. 1.4 in. 43.1 in.3
9 in. 1.1 in. 34.2 in.3
8 in.
The can with the greater volume is the can whose height is 7 in. .
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45
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version A (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
2 Finding Volume of a Pyramid Find the volume of the square pyramid.
Lesson 10-9 Volume: Pyramids, Cones, and Spheres 1 12 in.
V Bh Use the formula for volume.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Measurement 3
1 Find volumes of pyramids and cones Topic: Measuring Physical Attributes
2 Find volumes of spheres 13 s2 h B s2
Local Standards: ____________________________________
13 ( 8 )2( 12 ) Replace s with 8 , and h with 12 .
8 in.
8 in.
256 Simplify.
Key Concepts.
The volume of the pyramid is 256 in.3.
Volume of a Cone and of a Pyramid
The volume V of a cone or a pyramid is 13 the product of the base area B 3 Finding Volume of a Sphere Earth has an average radius of 3,963 mi.
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All rights reserved.
and the height h. What is Earth’s approximate volume to the nearest 1,000,000 mi3?
h h Assume that Earth is a sphere.
V = 13Bh
r 4
B V pr 3 Use the volume formula.
B 3
Volume of a Sphere
43 (3.14) ( 3,963 )3 Replace r with 3,963 . Use 3.14 for p.
The volume V of a sphere with radius r is 43π times the cube of the radius. 260,579,713,159 Simplify.
r
V= 4pr 3 The volume of Earth is about 260,580,000,000 mi3.
3
Quick Check.
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1. Find the volume, to the nearest cubic unit, of a cone with height 5 cm and
radius of base 2 cm.
Examples. 21 cm3
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1 Finding Volume of a Cone Find the volume of the cone.
1
V Bh Use the formula for volume.
3 12 in.
2. Find the volume of a square pyramid that has a side of 5 ft and a height of 20 ft.
13 pr 2 h B pr 2
167 ft3
13 (3.14) ( 2 ) 2( 12 ) Replace r with 2 , and h with 12 . Use 3.14 for p.
50.24 Simplify. 2 in.
The volume of the cone is about 50 in.3. 3. Find the volume of each sphere to the nearest whole number. Use 3.14 for π.
a. radius 15 m b. diameter 7 mi
14,130 m3 180 mi3
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Lesson 11-1 Square Roots and Irrational Numbers 3 Identifying Irrational Numbers Use a Calculator. Identify each number
as rational or irrational. Explain.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Number Sense
a. "49
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1 Find square roots of numbers Topic: Estimation
2 Classify real numbers
Local Standards: ____________________________________ rational, because 49 is a perfect square
b. 0.16
rational, because it is a terminating decimal
c. "3
Vocabulary.
A perfect square is the square of an integer. irrational, because 3 is not a perfect square
d. 0.3333…
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All rights reserved.
Finding a square root is the inverse of squaring a number. rational, because it is a repeating decimal
e. "15
An irrational number is a number that cannot be written as the ratio of two integers. The
decimal form of an irrational number neither terminates nor repeats. irrational, because 15 is not a perfect square
f. 12.69
rational, because it is a terminating decimal
Examples.
g. 0.1234567…
1 Simplifying Square Roots Simplify each square root. irrational, because it neither terminates not repeats
a. "144
"144 12
Quick Check.
b. "81
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
"81 =
1. Simplify each square root.
9
a. "100 10 b. "100 10 c. "16 4 d. "16 4
2 Estimating Square Roots You can use the formula d "1.5h to estimate 2. Estimate to the nearest integer.
the distance d, in miles, to a horizon line when your eyes are h feet above a. "27 b. "72 c. "50 d. "22
the ground. Estimate the distance to the horizon seen by a lifeguard whose
eyes are 20 feet above the ground. 5 8 7 5
d 1.5h Use the formula.
d 1.5 ( 20 ) Replace h with 20 . 3. Identify each number as rational or irrational. Explain.
d 30 Multiply. a. "2 b. "81
25 30 36 Find the perfect squares close to 30. irrational, because 2 is not a perfect rational, because 81 is a perfect square
Find the square root of the closest square
25 5
perfect square.
The lifeguard can see about 5 miles to the horizon. c. 0.53 d. "42
rational, because 0.53 is a terminating irrational, because 42 is not a perfect
decimal square
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Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version A (continued)
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Lesson 11-2 The Pythagorean Theorem Examples.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Geometry
2 Finding an Approximate Length The carpentry terms span, g
an ngth
erh
1 Use the Pythagorean Theorem
rise, and rafter length are illustrated in the diagram.A carpenter Ov ter le
Topic: Relationships Among Geometric Figures Ra
f Rise
2
wants to make a roof that has a span of 20 ft and a rise of 10 ft.
Identify right triangles
Local Standards: ____________________________________ What should the rafter length be?
Half span
Span
c2 a 2 b 2 Use the Pythagorean Theorem.
Vocabulary and Key Concepts.
Replace a with 10 (half the span),
c2 10 2 10 2
and b with 10.
Pythagorean Theorem Hypotenuse c2 100 100 Square 10.
In any right triangle, the sum of the squares of the a c c2
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All rights reserved.
200 Add.
lengths of the legs is equal to the square of the length
of the hypotenuse. b c 200 Find the positive square root.
Legs
a 2 b 2 c 2
c 14.1 Round to the nearest tenth.
The rafter length should be about 14.1 ft.
The legs of a right triangle are the two shorter sides of the triangle.
3 Finding a Right Triangle Is a triangle with sides 10 cm, 24 cm, and
26 cm a right triangle?
The hypotenuse is the longest side of a right triangle and is opposite the right angle.
a2 b2 c2 Write the equation for the Pythagorean Theorem.
Replace a and b with the shorter
10 2 24 2 26 2
lengths and c with the longest length.
Example. 100 576 676 Simplify.
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1 Using the Pythagorean Theorem Find c, the length of the hypotenuse. 676 676 Add.
2 c
c a 2 b 2 Use the Pythagorean Theorem. 21 cm The triangle is a right triangle.
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2
c 28 2 21 2 Replace a with 28 and b with 21 . 28 cm
2
c
Quick Check.
1,225 Simplify.
2 2. a. In a right triangle, the length of the hypotenuse is 15 m and the length of a
c 1,225 35 Find the positive square root of each side.
leg is 8 m.What is the length of the other leg, to the nearest tenth of a meter?
The length of the hypotenuse is 35 cm. 12.7 m
b. Carpentry What is the rise of a roof if the span is 22 feet and the rafter
Quick Check. length is 14 feet? Round to the nearest tenth of a foot.
1. The lengths of two sides of a right triangle are given. Find the length of the 8.7 ft
third side.
a. legs: 3 ft and 4 ft b. leg: 12 m; hypotenuse: 15 m 3. Can you form a right triangle with the three lengths given? Explain.
5 ft 9m a. 7 in., 8 in., "113 b. 5 mm, 6 mm, 10 mm
Yes, 72 82 113. No, 52 62 102.
186 Pre-Algebra Lesson 11-2 Daily Notetaking Guide Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 11-2 187
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 11-3 Distance and Midpoint Formulas Example.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Measurement 2 Finding the Midpoint of a Segment Find the midpoint of TV.
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1 Find the distance between two points Topic: Measuring Physical Attributes y
using the Distance Formula V(9, 2)
2 Find the midpoint of a segment using Local Standards: ____________________________________ 2
the Midpoint Formula
4 2 2 4 6 8 x
Vocabulary and Key Concepts. 2
T(4, 3)
Distance Formula
(x1 2 x2 , y1 2 y2) Use the Midpoint Formula.
All rights reserved.
All rights reserved.
The distance d between any two points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) is
d " ( x2 2 x1 ) 2 1 ( y2 2 y1 ) 2 3 ( 4 , 3 )
( 4 9
2
,
2
2
) Replace (x 1 , y1 ) with
and (x2 , y2 ) with ( 9 , 2 . )
Midpoint Formula
The midpoint M of a line segment with endpoints
A(x1, y1) and B(x2, y2) is
y A(x , y )
1 1 ( 13
2
,
1
2
) Simplify the numerators.
M
x1 1x2
2
,
y1 1y2
2 O
M B(x2, y2)
x
( 6
1
2
,
1
2 ) Write the fractions in simplest form.
The midpoint of segment AB is the point M on AB halfway between the endpoints A and B
The coordinates of the midpoint of TV are ( 612 , 12 ).
where AM MB.
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
Quick Check.
Example. 2. Find the midpoint of each segment.
a. y b. y Q
1 Using the Distance Formula Find the distance between T(3, –2) and V(8, 3). 6
A
2
d (x2 x1) 2 (y2 y1 ) 2 Use the Distance Formula.
4 x
d
Replace (x2, y2) with ( 8 , 3 ) 4 O
( 8 3 )2 ( 3 ( 2 )) 2 and (x1, y1) with ( 3 , 2 ). 2 2 4
B P 2
2 2
d 5 5 Simplify. O 2 4 6 x
d 50 Find the exact distance.
(4, 3) (1, 0.5)
d 7.1 Round to the nearest tenth.
The distance between T and V is about 7.1 units.
c. Find the midpoint of each side of DEF.
Quick Check. yD
2 DF: (21, 0.5)
1. Find the distance between the two points in each pair. Round to the nearest tenth. O DE: (3, 1)
a. (3, 8), (2, 4) b. (10, 3), (1, 0) 3 4 E x EF: (1, 20.5)
4.1 9.5
F
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All-In-One Answers Version A Pre-Algebra
47
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version A (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 11-4 Write a Proportion Check the Answer
Solving problems that involve indirect measurement often makes use of
Lesson Objective NAEP 2005 Strand: Number Sense
1
figures that overlap.
Write a proportion from similar Topic: Ratios and Proportional Reasoning
triangles
Local Standards: ____________________________________
Quick Check.
Example. 1. Use the diagram of the building in Example 1 to answer the following questions.
a. Which segments overlap?
1 At a given time of day, a building of unknown height casts a shadow that is
24 feet long. At the same time of day, a post that is 8 feet tall casts a shadow the longest side and bottom leg of each triangle
that is 4 feet long. What is the height x of the building?
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All rights reserved.
x
8 ft
20 ft 4 ft
Understand the Problem
1. What information is given?
The building casts a shadow that is 24 ft long. A post that is 8 ft long
casts a shadow that is 4 ft long.
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
2. What are you asked to find?
the height of the building
b. A common error students make is to use part of a side in a proportion.
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For example, some students might think 20 4 is equal to 8 . How does
Make and Carry Out a Plan x
drawing the triangles as separate figures help you avoid this error?
Since the triangles are similar, and you know three lengths, writing and
solving a proportion is a good strategy to use. It is helpful to draw the
It allows you to draw the entire 24 ft side to complete the
triangles as separate figures. larger triangle.
Write a proportion using the legs of the similar triangles.
8
4
24 x
Write a proportion.
x
4 x 24 (8) Write cross products.
8 ft
4x 192 Simplify.
24 ft 4 ft
x 48 Divide each side by 4.
The height of the building is 48 ft.
190 Pre-Algebra Lesson 11-4 Daily Notetaking Guide Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 11-4 191
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 11-5 Special Right Triangles 2 Finding the Length of a Diagonal Patrice folds square napkins diagonally to
put on a table. The side length of each napkin is 20 in. How long is the diagonal?
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Geometry
!2
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1 Use the relationships in 45°-45°-90° Topic: Relationships Among Geometric Figures hypotenuse leg ? Use the 45–45–90 relationship.
triangles
2 Use the relationships in 30°- 60°-90° Local Standards: ____________________________________ y 20 ? !2 The length of the leg is 20 in.
triangles
28.3 Use a calculator.
The diagonal is about 28.3 in. long.
Vocabulary and Key Concepts.
Multiplying Square Roots 3 Finding Lengths in a 30- 60- 90 Triangle Find the missing lengths
60 14 ft
in the triangle.
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For nonnegative numbers, the square root of a product equals the product of the square roots. a
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hypotenuse 2 ? shorter leg 30
b
Arithmetic Algebra 14 2 ? a The length of the hypotenuse is 14 ft.
9 ? 2 9 ? 2 If a 0 and b 0, then ab a ? b 14
2b Divide each side by 2 .
2 2
7 a Simplify.
45 - 45 - 90 Triangles
longer leg shorter leg ? !3
In a 45°- 45°- 90° triangle, the legs are congruent and the length of the
b 7 ? !3 The length of the shorter leg is 7 .
"2 .
hypotenuse is the length of a leg times s2 45°
s
hypotenuse leg ? "2 45° b 12.1 Use a calculator.
s
The length of the shorter leg is 7 ft. The length of the longer leg
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
30 - 60- 90 Triangles is about 12.1 ft.
In a 30°- 60°- 90° triangle, the length of the hypotenuse is 2 times the 30°
length of the shorter leg. The length of the longer leg is the length of the 2s Quick Check.
shorter leg times "3 . s3
1. The length of each leg of an isosceles right triangle is 4.2 cm. Find the length
hypotenuse 2 ? shorter leg 60°
s of the hypotenuse. Round to the nearest tenth.
longer leg shorter leg ? "3 5.9 cm
2. Gymnasts use mats that are 12 m by 12 m for floor exercises. A gymnast
does cartwheels across the diagonal of a mat. What is the length of the
Examples. diagonal to the nearest meter?
1 Finding Length of the Hypotenuse Find the length of the hypotenuse 17 m
in the triangle. 45 y 3. Find the missing lengths in each 30 °-60°-90 ° triangle.
hypotenuse leg ? "2 Use the 45–45–90 relationship. 10 cm
a. b.
a 6.9 cm, g 6 in.,
y 10 ? "2 The length of the leg is 10 cm. 45 4 cm
a b 8 cm
60° 12 in.
f 10.4 in.
10 cm g 30°
14.1 Use a calculator. 60°
30° f
b
The length of the hypotenuse is about 14.1 cm.
192 Pre-Algebra Lesson 11-5 Daily Notetaking Guide 193
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Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version A (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 11-6 Sine, Cosine, and Tangent Ratios Examples.
Lesson Objectives Local Standards: ____________________________________ 2 Using a Calculator Find the trigonometric ratios of 18 using a scientific
1 Find trigonometric ratios in right calculator or the table on page 801. Round to four decimal places.
triangles
Scientific calculator: Enter 18 and press the key
2 Use trigonometric ratios to solve sin 18 0.3090
labeled SIN, COS, or TAN.
problems
cos 18 0.9511
Table: Find 18° in the first column. Look across
Vocabulary and Key Concepts. tan 18 0.3249
to find the appropriate ratio.
Trigonometric Ratios
3 Applying Trigonometric Ratios The diagram shows a doorstop
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All rights reserved.
length of leg opposite ⬔A length of leg adjacent to ⬔A in the shape of a wedge. What is the length of the hypotenuse of
sine A ; cosine A w
length of hypotenuse length of hypotenuse the doorstop? 10 cm
You know the angle and the side opposite the angle. 40
length of leg opposite ⬔A
tangent A You want to find w, the length of the hypotenuse.
length of leg adjacent to ⬔A
opposite
sin A Use the sine ratio.
Trigonometry means triangle measure. hypotenuse
10 Substitute 40° for the angle, 10 for the
A trigonometric ratio is the ratio of the lengths of two sides of a right triangle. sin 40°
w opposite side, and w for the hypotenuse.
w(sin 40 ) 10 Multiply each side by w.
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
10
Example. w Divide each side by sin 40° .
sin 40°
1 Writing Trigonometric Ratios Find the sine, cosine, and tangent of A. A 16 B w 15.6 Use a calculator.
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opposite 12 3
sin A 12
hypotenuse 20
20 5 The hypotenuse is about 15.6 cm long.
C
adjacent 16 4
cos A hypotenuse
20 5 Quick Check.
opposite 12 3 2. Find each value. Round to four decimal places.
tan A
adjacent 16 4 a. sin 10° 0.1736 b. cos 75° 0.2588 c. tan 53° 1.3270 d. cos 22° 0.9272
3. How long is the bottom leg of the doorstop in Example 3?
Quick Check.
1. For ABC in Example 1, find the sine, cosine, and tangent of C. about 11.9 cm
4 3 4
sin C 5 ; cos C 5 ; tan C 3
194 Pre-Algebra Lesson 11-6 Daily Notetaking Guide Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 11-6 195
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Lesson 11-7 Angles of Elevation and Depression Quick Check.
Lesson Objectives Local Standards: ____________________________________ 1b. A rock climber looks at the top of a vertical rock wall at an angle of elevation
of 74°. He is standing 4.2 m from the base of the wall and his eyes are 1.5 m
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1 Use trigonometry for finding angles
of elevation from the ground. How high is the wall, to the nearest tenth of a meter?
2 Use trigonometry for finding angles
of depression 16.1 m
Vocabulary.
An angle of elevation is formed by a horizontal line and a line of sight above it.
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All rights reserved.
An angle of depression is formed by a horizontal line and a line of sight below it.
Example.
2 Using Angles of Depression An airplane is flying 1.5 mi above the ground.
If the pilot must begin a 3° descent to an airport runway at that altitude, how
far is the airplane from the beginning of the runway (in ground distance)?
Example.
d
1 Using Angles of Elevation Janine is flying a kite. She lets out 30 yd of string 3
and anchors it to the ground. She determines that the angle of elevation of the Draw a picture.
1.5 mi
kite is 52°. What is the height h of the kite from the ground? (not to scale)
30 yd 1.5
h
Draw a picture. tan 3 d
Choose an appropriate trigonometric ratio.
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
d ? tan 3 1.5 Multiply each side by d .
A 52
1.5
d Divide each side by tan 3° .
opposite tan 3°
sin A Choose an appropriate trigonometric ratio.
hypotenuse d 28.6 Use a calculator or table.
h Substitute 52° for the angle measure
sin 52 The airplane is about 28.6 mi from the airport.
30 and 30 for the hypotenuse.
30 (sin 52 ) h Multiply each side by 30 .
Quick Check.
24 h Simplify.
2. A group of people in a hang-gliding class are standing on top of a cliff 70 m
The kite is about 24 yd from the ground. high. They spot a hang glider landing on the beach below them. The angle of
depression from the top of the cliff to the hang glider is 72°. How far is the
hang glider from the base of the cliff?
Quick Check.
1a. The angle of elevation from a ship to the top of a lighthouse is 12°. The lighthouse about 22.7 m
is known to be 30 m tall. How far is the ship from the base of the lighthouse?
about 141 m
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All-In-One Answers Version A Pre-Algebra
49
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version A (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 12-1 Frequency Tables, Line Plots, and Histograms Example.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Data Analysis and Probability
2 Displaying Data in a Histogram Twenty-one judges were asked how many
cases they were trying on Monday. The frequency table below shows their
1 Display data in frequency tables and Topic: Data Representation
responses. Display the data in a histogram. Then find the range.
line plots
2
"How many cases are you trying?" For a histogram, follow the steps 1 , 2 , and 3 .
Display data in histograms Local Standards: ____________________________________
Number Frequency 3 Write a title.
Vocabulary. 0 3 Cases Tried by Judges
A frequency table is a data display that lists each data item with the number of 1 5
Frequency
times it occurs. 2 4 6 5 5
4 4
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All rights reserved.
A line plot is a data display that displays data with marks above a number line. 3 5 4 3
4 4 2 2 Draw bars equal
0 in height to the
The range of the data is the difference between the greatest and least values in the data set.
0 1 2 3 4 frequency.
Number of Cases
1 Label each axis.
Example.
The greatest value in the data set is 4 and the least value is 0 .
1 Using a Line Plot A survey asked 22 students how many hours
of TV they watched daily. The results are below. Display The range is 4 0 or 4 .
the data in a frequency table. Then make a line plot. For a line plot, follow the steps
1 , 2 , and 3 .
1 3 4 3 1 1 2 3 4 1 3
2 2 1 4 2 1 2 3 2 4 3 Quick Check.
3 Write a title that describes the data.
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
List the numbers Use a tally mark Count the tally marks and 2. a. Display the data below in a histogram. Then find the range.
Hours of TV Watched
of hours in order. for each result. record the frequency. Miles from home to the mall:
Number Tally Frequency 2 Mark an 2, 4, 3, 7, 3, 1, 4, 2, 2, 6, 3, 5, 1, 8, 3
for each
1 6
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response.
Miles to the Mall
2 6
4
3 6
Frequency
4 4
1 2 3 4 2
1 Draw a number line with the choices
Quick Check. below it.
1. Display the data below in a frequency table. Then make a line plot. 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
10 12 13 15 10 11 14 13 10 11 11 12 10 10 15 Number of Miles
Number Tally Frequency
10 5
11 3 b. What is the range of the data below?
12 2 Prices of a gallon of regular gas at different gas stations:
13 2 $1.48, $1.32, $1.30, $1.35, $1.41, $1.29, $1.32, $1.43, $1.36
10 11 12 13 14 15
14 1 $.19
15 2
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Lesson 12-2 Box-and-Whisker Plots Example.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Data Analysis and Probability 2 Using a Box-and-Whisker Plot to Draw Conclusions The plots below
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1 Make box-and-whisker plots Topic: Characteristics of Data Sets compare the percents of students who were eligible to those who
2 Analyze data in box-and-whisker plots participated in extracurricular activities in one school from 1992 to 2002.
Local Standards: ____________________________________
What conclusions can you draw?
Percents of Students Who Were Eligible and
Vocabulary. Participated in Activities from 1992 to 2002
A box-and-whisker plot is a data display that displays the distribution of data items along
a number line. 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
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Quartiles divide the data into four equal parts.
All rights reserved.
The median is the middle quartile. eligible
participated
Example. About 95% of the students were eligible to participate in extracurricular
1 Making a Box-and-Whisker Plot The data below represent the wingspans activities. Around 60% of the students did participate. A little less than
in centimeters of captured birds. Make a box-and-whisker plot. two-thirds of the eligible students participated in extracurricular activities.
61 35 61 22 33 29 40 62 21 49 72 75 28 21 54
Step 1 Arrange the data in order from least to greatest. Find the median. Quick Check.
21 21 22 28 29 33 35 40 49 54 61 61 62 72 75 2. Use the box-and-whisker plots below. What conclusions can you draw about
Step 2 Find the lower quartile and upper quartile, which are the medians of the the heights of Olympic basketball players?
lower and upper halves. Olympic Basketball Players’ Heights (in.)
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
lower quartile 28 upper quartile 61
66 68 70 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86
Step 3 Draw a number line. Mark the least and greatest values, the
median, and the quartiles. Draw a box from the first to the third Men
quartile. Mark the median with a vertical segment. Draw whiskers Women
from the box to the least and greatest values.
Wingspans of Captured Birds The women’s heights have a median of 71 in. and a range of only 10 in.
The men’s heights have a median of 79 in. and a range of 12 in.
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Most of the men are taller than the tallest woman.
3. Compare annual video sales and CD sales by making two box-and-whisker
21 28 40 61 75
plots below one number line.
videos (millions of units): 28, 24, 15, 21, 22, 16, 22, 30, 24, 17
Quick Check.
CDs (millions of units) 16, 17, 22, 16, 18, 24, 15 16, 25, 18
1. Draw a box-and-whisker plot for the distances of migration of birds
Annual Sales (millions of units)
(thousands of miles): 5, 2.5, 6, 8, 9, 2, 1, 4, 6.2, 18, 7.
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Migrations of Birds (thousands of miles)
Videos
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 CDs
200 Pre-Algebra Lesson 12-2 Daily Notetaking Guide 201
Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 12-2
50 Pre-Algebra All-In-One Answers Version A
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version A (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 12-3 Using Graphs to Persuade Example.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Data Analysis and Probability 2 Misleading Graphs What makes this graph misleading? Explain.
1 Recognize the use of breaks in the scales of graphs Topic: Data Representation Cakes Baked by Mom’s Bakery
10
Cakes baked
2 Recognize the use of different scales
(hundreds)
Local Standards: ___________________________ 8
6
4
Example. 2
1 Choosing an Appropriate Title Which title would 280 0
270
be more appropriate for the graph at the right: “Texas
Surface area (thousand mi2)
260 1998 2002
Overwhelms California” or “Areas of California and 250 The cake on the right has much more than two times the area of the
All rights reserved.
All rights reserved.
Texas”? Explain. 240
230 cake on the left.
Because of the break in the vertical axis, the bar 220
for Texas appears to be more than six times 210
200 Quick Check.
the height of the bar for California. Actually, the
190
area of Texas is about 267,000 mi2 , which is 180
2. Use the data in the table at the right. Fish Caught for
170
not even two times the area of California, Food in the U.S.
160
which is about 159,000 mi2 . 150
0
California Texas
Fish Caught
(billions of
The title Texas Overwhelms California could be misleading. Year pounds)
Areas of Texas and California better describes the information 1993 8.2
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
in the graph. 1994 7.9
1995 7.7
1996 7.5
Quick Check. SOURCE: Statistical Abstract of the United
All rights reserved.
States. Go to www.PHSchool.com for a
1. Use the data in the graph in Example 1. Redraw the graph without a break. data update. Web Code: adg-2041
Areas of California and Texas a. Make a graph that suggests a rapid decrease b. Make a graph that suggests a slow decrease
300 in the total weight of the fish caught. in the total weight of the fish caught.
(thousand mi2)
Surface area
250
Fish Caught Fish Caught
Billions of Pounds
200
150 8.4 10
8.2 8
Billions of Pounds
100
of Fish
50 8.0 6
0 7.8 4
of Fish
California Texas 7.6 2
7.4 0
7.2 1993 1994 1995 1996
7.0 Year
0
1993 1994 1995 1996
Year
202 Pre-Algebra Lesson 12-3 Daily Notetaking Guide Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 12-3 203
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 12-4 Counting Outcomes and Theoretical Probability 2 Using the Counting Principle In some state lotteries, the winning number is
made up of five digits chosen at random. Suppose a player buys 5 tickets with
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Data Analysis and Probability different numbers. What is the probability that the player has a winning number?
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1 Use a tree diagram and the Counting Principle to Topic: Probability First find the number of possible outcomes. For each digit, there are 10
find the number of possible choices possible outcomes, 0 through 9.
2 Find the theoretical probability by counting
outcomes Local Standards: ___________________________ 1st digit 2nd digit 3rd digit 4th digit 5th digit total
outcomes outcomes outcomes outcomes outcomes outcomes
10 ? 10 ? 10 ? 10 ? 10 100,000
Vocabulary and Key Concepts.
Find the probability when there are five favorable outcomes.
Counting Principle number of outcomes 5
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All rights reserved.
favorable
If there are m ways of making one choice and n ways of making a second P(winning number)
number of possible outcomes 100,000
choice, then there are m ? n ways of making the first choice followed
by the second choice. 5 1
The probability is , or .
Theoretical Probability 100,000 20,000
number of favorable outcomes
P(event)
number of possible outcomes Quick Check.
1. Suppose the cafeteria from Example 1 also offers a meat choice of salami.
A sample space is a list of all possible outcomes. Draw a tree diagram. How many sandwich choices are there?
mayonnaise 12
ham
mustard
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
mayonnaise
Examples. wheat turkey
mustard
1 Drawing a Tree Diagram The school cafeteria sells sandwiches for mayonnaise
salami
which you can choose one item from each of the following categories: two mustard
breads (wheat or white), two meats (ham or turkey), and two condiments mayonnaise
ham
(mayonnaise or mustard). Draw a tree diagram to find the number of mustard
sandwich choices. mayonnaise
white turkey
mayonnaise mustard
ham
mustard mayonnaise
wheat Each branch of the ”tree“ represents one choice– salami
for example, wheat-ham-mayonnaise. mustard
mayonnaise
turkey
mustard 2. a. A lottery uses five digits chosen at random. Find the probability of
buying a winning ticket.
mayonnaise
ham 1
mustard 100,000
white
mayonnaise b. Find the probability of matching the first and second digits of the
turkey winning number.
mustard
1
100
There are 8 possible sandwich choices.
204 Pre-Algebra Lesson 12-4 Daily Notetaking Guide Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 12-4 205
All-In-One Answers Version A Pre-Algebra
51
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version A (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 12-5 Independent and Dependent Events 2 Finding Probability for Dependent Events Three girls and two boys
volunteer to represent their class at a school assembly. The teacher selects one
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Data Analysis and Probability name and then another from a bag containing the five students’ names. What
1 Calculate probabilities of independent events Topic: Probability is the probability that both representatives will be boys?
2 Calculate probabilities of dependent events 2
Local Standards: _____________________________
P(boy) Two of five students are boys.
5
Vocabulary and Key Concepts.
1 If a boy's name is drawn, one of the four
P(boy after boy)
remaining students is a boy.
Probability of Independent Events 4
For two independent events A and B, the probability of both events P(boy, then boy) P(boy) ? P(boy after boy)
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All rights reserved.
occurring is the product of the probabilities of each event occurring. 2 1
? Substitute.
P(A, then B) P(A) ? P(B) 5 4
Probability of Dependent Events 2 1
For two dependent events A and B, the probability of both events , or Simplify.
20 10
occurring is the product of the probability of the first event and the
probability that, after the first event, the second event occurs. 1 .
The probability that both representatives will be boys is 10
P(A, then B) P(A) ? P(B after A)
Quick Check.
Independent events are events in which the first event does not affect the second event.
1. You toss a coin twice. Find the probability of getting two heads.
Dependent events are events in which the first event does affect the second event.
1
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
4
Examples.
1 Finding Probability for Independent Events You roll a number cube
once. Then you roll it again. What is the probability that you get 5 on the
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first roll and a number less than 4 on the second roll?
1 There is one 5 among 6 numbers
P(5)
6 on a number cube.
3 There are three numbers less than 4
P(less than 4)
on a number cube.
6 2. a. For Example 2, find P(boy, then girl). b. Find P(girl, then boy).
P(5, then less than 4) P(5) ? P(less than 4) 3 3
10 10
1 3
?
6 6
3 1
, or Simplify.
36 12
1 .
The probability of rolling 5 and then a number less than 4 is 12
206 Pre-Algebra Lesson 12-5 Daily Notetaking Guide Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 12-5 207
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________
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Lesson 12-6 Permutations and Combinations 3 Counting Combinations In how many ways can you choose
State Area (mi2)
two states from the table when you write about the areas of
Lesson Objectives Local Standards: ____________________________________ Alabama 50,750
states? Make an organized list of all the combinations.
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1 Use permutations
Colorado 103,729
2 Use combinations
Maine 30,865
Oregon 96,003
Vocabulary and Key Concepts.
Texas 261,914
Permutation Notation
AL, CO AL, ME AL , OR AL , TX
The expression n Pr stands for the number of permutations of n objects Use abbreviations of each
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chosen r at a time. CO, ME CO, OR CO, TX state‘s name. First, list all
pairs including Alabama.
Combination Notation ME, OR ME , TX Continue until every pair
of states is listed.
The expression nC r stands for the number of combinations of n OR , TX
objects chosen r at a time. ten
There are ways to choose two states from a list of five.
A permutation is an arrangement in which order is important. 4 Simplifying Combination Notation How many different pizzas can you
make if you can choose exactly 5 toppings from 9 that are available?
A combination is an arrangement in which order does not matter.
9 toppings Choose 5.
P
Examples. C 9P5
9 5 5 5
1 Counting Permutations Find the number of permutations possible for
1 2 1
the letters H, O, M, E, and S.
9 ? 8 ? 7 ? 6 ? 5
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1st digit 2nd letter 3rd letter 4th letter 5th letter 126 Simplify.
5 ? 4 ? 3 ? 2 ? 1
5 choices 4 choices 3 choices 2 choices 1 choice
1 1 1 1
5 ? 4 ? 3 ? 2 ? 1 120
You can make 126 different pizzas.
There are 120 permutations of the letters H, O, M, E, and S.
Quick Check.
2 Simplify the Permutation Notation In how many ways can you line up
3 students chosen from 7 students for a photograph? 2. Simplify each expression.
7 students Choose 3. a. 5 P2 b. 5P3
P 7
7 3
? 6 ? 5 210 Simplify. 20 60
You can line up 3 students from 7 in 210 ways.
3. In how many ways could you choose three different items from a menu
containing six items?
Quick Check.
20
1. Use the Counting Principle to find the number of permutations possible for
the letters W, A, T, E, and R.
4. Simplify each expression.
120
a. 8C 2 b. 8C 3
28 56
208 Pre-Algebra Lesson 12-6 Daily Notetaking Guide 209
Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 12-6
52 Pre-Algebra All-In-One Answers Version A
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version A (continued)
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Lesson 12-7 Experimental Probability Example.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Data Analysis and Probability
2 Using a Simulation Simulate the correct guessing of answers on
a multiple-choice test where each problem has four answer choices
1 Find experimental probability Topic: Probability
(A, B, C, and D).
2 Use simulations Local Standards: _______________________________ Use a 4-section spinner to simulate each guess. Mark the sections as 1, 2, 3,
and 4. Let 1 represent a correct choice.
Vocabulary and Key Concepts. Here are the results of 50 trials.
22431 13431 43121 21243 33434
Experimental Probability 32134 12224 42213 34424 32412
number of times an event occurs
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P(event) number of times an event occurs
number of times an experiment is done P(event)
number of times an experiment is done
Experimental probability is probability that is based on experimental data. 10
A simulation is a model used to find experimental probability. 50
1
5
Example.
1
1 Finding Experimental Probability A medical student tests a new medicine The experimental probability of guessing correctly is .
on 3,500 people. It produces side effects for 1,715 people. Find the experimental 5
probability that the medicine will cause side effects. Then predict the number of
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
people in a group of 3,000 for whom the medicine will have side effects. Quick Check.
number of times an event occurs 2. a. In Example 2, compare the experimental probability with the
P(event)
done
theoretical probability.
number of times experiment is
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1,715 The theoretical probability is 1
4 . The experimental probability is a little
0.49 less than the theoretical probability.
3,500
The experimental probability that the medicine will cause side effects is
0.49 , or 49 %. For a group of 3,000, the number of affected
people could be 3,000 ? 0.49 = 1,470
b. If you try the experiment 100 times, what is most likely to happen to the
Quick Check. experimental probability?
1. Another medicine is effective for 1,183 of 2,275 participants. Find the It will get closer to the theoretical probability.
experimental probability that the medicine is effective. Then predict
the number of people in a group of 4,500 for whom the medicine will
be effective.
52%; 2,340
210 Pre-Algebra Lesson 12-7 Daily Notetaking Guide Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 12-7 211
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Lesson 12-8 Random Samples and Surveys 2 Using Samples to Predict From 20,000 calculators produced, a
manufacturer takes a random sample of 300 calculators. The sample has
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Data Analysis and Probability 2 defective calculators. Estimate the number of defective calculators.
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1 Choose a sample for a survey of a population Topic: Experiments and Samples defective sample calculators defective calculators Write a
2 proportion.
Make estimates about populations Local Standards: _____________________________ sample calculators calculators
2 n
Substitute.
Vocabulary. 300 20,000
A population is a group about which you want information. 2(20,000) 300n Write cross products.
2(20,000) 300n
Divide each side by 300 .
300 300
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A sample is a part of a population you use to make estimates about the population.
133 n Simplify.
For a random sample each member of the population has an equal chance to be selected. 133
About calculators are defective.
Example. Quick Check.
1 Choosing a Sample You want to find out how many people in the 2. Use the data in the table at the right. Calculator Samples
community use computers on a daily basis. Tell whether each survey plan a. Using Sample B, how many of 20,000 calculators would you Number Number
describes a good sample. Explain. Sample Sampled Defective
estimate to be defective?
a. Interview every tenth person leaving a computer store. A 500 3
200 calculators
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
This is not a good sample. People leaving a computer store are more B 200 2
likely to own computers.
C 50 0
b. Interview people at random at the shopping center.
This is a good sample. It is selected at random from the population you
want to study.
b. Reasoning Would you expect an estimate based on Sample C to be
Quick Check. more accurate or less accurate than one based on Sample B? Explain.
1. Explain whether each plan describes a good sample. Less accurate; a larger sample is more likely to be more representative
of the population.
a. You want to know how often teens rent videos. You plan to survey teens
going into the local video store.
Not a good sample, because this sample would not include teens who
do not rent videos. 3. Explain why you would take a sample rather than counting or surveying an
entire population.
b. You want to know the most popular breakfast cereal. You plan to survey
people entering a grocery store. The entire population might be too large to be surveyed. Also the
testing might be destructive, as in testing flash bulbs.
This is a good sample, because there is little built-in bias for or against
any cereal.
212 Pre-Algebra Lesson 12-8 Daily Notetaking Guide Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 12-8 213
All-In-One Answers Version A Pre-Algebra
53
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version A (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 12-9 Simulate the Problem Use the results in the table at the right.
B B B B WWB B WB
B stands for black and W stands for white.
Lesson Objective NAEP 2005 Strand: Data Analysis and Probability
B W B B WB B B B W
Make a frequency table.
1 Solve problems by simulation Topic: Probability W B B W B B B B WB
Makes a Base Hit Doesn't Make a Base Hit
Local Standards: ____________________________________
B B B B B B B B B B
B B WB B B W B B B
B B B W WB B B B W
Example.
W B B B B B B B B B
1 Using a Simulation A softball player has an average of getting a base hit
2 times in every 7 times at bat. What is an experimental probability that she B B B B B B W W B B
will get a base hit the next time she is at bat? B W WB B WB B B B
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Understand the Problem B B B B B WB B B W
Think about the problem. An experimental probability that the softball player gets a base hit
1. Based on her average, what is the probability of getting a base hit?
22
2 the next time she is at bat is 0.22 , or 22 %.
7 100
2. What methods could you use to simulate the problem?
Check the Answer
Answers will vary. Sample: use a spinner. Simulations can give different results. You may find a different probability
if you do another simulation. The more experiments you do, the closer the
results of different simulations are likely to be.
Make and Carry Out a Plan
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
You can use a spinner to simulate the problem. Construct a spinner with Quick Check.
seven congruent sections. Mark five of the sections black and
1. a. Continue the simulation with another 100 experiments. Combine the results
two of them white. The black sections represent not getting a base hit and with the results of the first 100 simulations. (Hint: Flip a coin 100 times.)
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the white sections indicate getting a base hit.
Answers will vary.
Each spin represents one time at bat .
b. Based on the second simulation, what is the experimental probability
that the softball player will get a base hit the next time she is at bat?
3. How many spins will you make for each experiment? Answers will vary.
Answers will vary. Sample: 100
4. How many experiments will you do?
Answers will vary. Sample: 2
214 Pre-Algebra Lesson 12-9 Daily Notetaking Guide Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 12-9 215
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Lesson 13-1 Patterns and Sequences 3 Finding the Type of Sequence Tell whether each sequence is arithmetic,
geometric, or neither. Find the next three terms of each sequence.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Algebra
a. 3, 5, 9, 15, …
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1 Describe number patterns with Topic: Patterns, Relations, and Functions
arithmetic sequences 3 5 9 15 23 33 45
2 Describe number patterns with Local Standards: ____________________________________
geometric sequences 2 4 6 8 10 12
The sequence is neither arithmetic nor geometric. Following the
Vocabulary. pattern above, the next three terms are 23 , 33 , and 45 .
A sequence is a set of numbers that follow a pattern. b. 2, 4, 8, 16, …
A term is a number in a sequence. 4 16 64
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2 8 32 128
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An arithmetic sequence is a sequence in which each term after the first is the result of adding
(2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
a fixed number to the previous term.
The ratios for the first four terms are 24 , 8 , and 216
2 24 8
.
A common difference is a fixed number added to the terms of an arithmetic sequence.
These equal 2 , which is the common ratio. The sequence is
A geometric sequence is a sequence in which each term after the first is the result of geometric . The next three terms are 32 , 64 and 128 .
multiplying a fixed number by the previous term.
A common ratio is a fixed number multiplied by the terms of a geometric sequence.
Quick Check.
Find the next three terms of each sequence. Then write a rule to describe the
Examples. sequence. For 2c and 2d, first find the common ratio.
1a. 23, 19, 15, 11, … 1b. 6, 4 23 , 3 13 , 2, …
1 Swimming A swimmer training for a meet swims 5 laps the first day, 6 12 laps
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
7, 3, 1; start with 3 and add 4
2 , 2 , 2; start with 6 and add 1 1
the next day, 8 laps the third day, and so on. Find the next three terms of the
sequence. Then write a rule to describe the sequence. repeatedly. 3 3 3
1 1 repeatedly.
5 6 12 8 9 11 12
2 2 Find the common difference. 2a. 4, 12, 36, 108, … 2b. 4, 2, 1, 0, 5, …
Use it to find the next three terms.
1 12 1 12 1 12 1 12 1 12 3; 324, 972, 2,916; start with 4 and 0.5; 0.25, 0.125, 0.0625; start with 4 and
multiply by 3 repeatedly. multiply by 0.5 repeatedly.
1 1
The next three terms are 9 , 11 , and 12 .
2 2
3. Tell whether each sequence is arithmetic, geometric, or neither. Then find the
1 next three terms of the sequence.
The rule for the sequence is Start with 5 and add 1 repeatedly.
2 a. 3, 9, 27, 81, … b. 10, 13, 18, 25, …
2 Finding the Common Ratio Find the common ratio in the sequence geometric; 243, 729, 2,187 neither; 34, 45, 58
3, 9, 27, 81, … Find the next three terms of the sequence. Then write a rule
to describe the sequence.
c. 12, 12, 12, 12, … d. 50, 200, 350, 500, …
3 9 27 81 243 729 2,187
Find the common ratio. Use it
to find the next three terms. geometric; 12, 12, 12 arithmetic; 650, 800, 950
3 3 3 3 3 3
216 Pre-Algebra Lesson 13-1 Daily Notetaking Guide 217
Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 13-1
54 Pre-Algebra All-In-One Answers Version A
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version A (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 13-2 Graphing Nonlinear Functions Quick Check.
Lesson Objectives For each function, make a table with integer values of x from 2 to 2.
NAEP 2005 Strand: Algebra
Then graph each function.
1 Graph quadratic functions Topic: Patterns, Relations, and Functions
1a. y 2x2 1b. y x2 3
2 Graph absolute value functions Local Standards: ____________________________________ 2 2
x 2x y (x, y) x x 3 y (x, y)
2 2
2 2(2) 8 (2, 8) 2 (2) 3 1 (2, 1)
Vocabulary.
2 2
1 2(1) 2 (1, 2) 1 (1) 3 2 (1, 2)
A quadratic function is a function based on squaring the input variable. 2 2
0 2(0) 0 (0, 0) 0 0 3 3 (0, 3)
2 2
2(1) 2 (1, 2) 1 3 2
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An absolute value function is a function with a graph that is V-shaped and opens up or down. 1 1 (1, 2)
2 2
2 2(2) 8 (2, 8) 2 2 3 1 (2, 1)
O y x y
4 2 2 4 6
Examples.
1 Graphing a Quadratic Function For the function y x2 1, make a 4
table with integer values of x from 2 to 2. Then graph the function. 4 2
y
x x 2 1 y (x, y) 4 6 x
4 O 4
-2 -(-2) 1
2
3 (-2, 3 ) 2 8
2
2
-1 -(-1) 1 0 (-1, 0)
4 2 O 2 4x
0 -( 0 )2 11 ( 0 , 1)
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
2a. y x 1 2b. y 2x
2
1 -(1) 1 0
2
(1, 0 ) x y x 1 (x, y) x y2x (x, y)
2 4
2 -(2) 1 -3 (2, -3) 2 y |2| 1 (2, 1) 2 y 2|2| 4 (2, 4)
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1 y |1| 1 (1, 0) 1 y 2|1| 2 (1, 2)
0 y |0| 1 (0, 1) 0 y 2|0| 0 (0, 0)
2 Graphing an Absolute Value Function Graph the function y |x| 1.
y 1 y |1| 1 (1, 0) 1 y 2|1| 2 (1, 2)
x x 1 =y (x, y) 4
2 y |2| 1 (2, 1) 2 y 2|2| 4 (2, 4)
2 2 1 1 (2, 1 ) 2
y y
1 1 1 0 (1, 0)
4 2 O 2 4x 6
0 0 1 -1 (0, 1) 4 O 4x
2
2 4
1 1 10 (1, 0)
4
2 2 1 1 (2, 1 ) 4 2
6
4 2 O 2 4x
218 Pre-Algebra Lesson 13-2 Daily Notetaking Guide Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 13-2 219
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Lesson 13-3 Exponential Growth and Decay Quick Check.
2. For the function y 90( 13 ) , make a table
1. For the function y 0.5(2)x, make a table with x
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Algebra
integer values of x from 0 to 5.
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1 Use tables, rules, and graphs with Topic: Algebraic Representation
with integer values of x from 0 to 5.
functions modeling growth Then graph the function. Then graph the function.
2 Use tables, rules, and graphs with Local Standards: ____________________________________ x
x 0.5(2) y (x, y) 1
functions modeling decay x 90( 3 )x y (x, y)
0
0 0.5(2) 0.5 (0, 0.5)
1
0 ( 1 )0
90 3 90 (0, 90)
Examples. 1 0.5(2) 1 (1, 1)
90( 3 )
1 1
1 Graphing Exponential Growth For y 4(2)x, make a table with integer 0.5(2)
2
(2, 2) 1 30 (1, 30)
2 2
values of x from 0 to 4. Then graph the function.
90( 3 )
3 1 2
3 0.5(2) 4 (3, 4)
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2 10 (2, 10)
x 4(2) x
y (x, y) y
4
4 0.5(2) 8 (4, 8)
90( 3 )
1 3
0 4(2)
0
4 (0, 4)
60
50 5
3
1
33 (3, 3 13 )
5 0.5(2) 16 (5, 16)
40
1 4(2)
1
8 (1, 8)
30 4 ( 1 )4
90 3
1
19 (4, 1 19 )
2 y
2 4(2) 16 (2, 16) 20 16
90( 3 ) (5, 1027 )
1 5 10
10 5 27
3 4(2)
3
32 (3, 32 ) O 1 2 3 4 5 6
x 12
4 4(2)
4
(4, ) y
64 64 8 120
4 90
2 Graphing Exponential Decay For the function y 2(0.5)x, make a table x
with integer values of x from 0 to 5. Then graph the function. 60
O 2 4 6
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
y 30
x 2(0.5)x y (x, y)
0 2.5 x
0 2(0.5) 2 (0, 2) 2.0 O 2 4
1 1.5
1 2(0.5) 1 (1, 1)
1.0
2 0.5
2 2(0.5) 0.5 (2, 0.5)
x
3 O 1 2 3 4 5 6
3 2(0.5) 0.25 (3, 0.25)
4 2(0.5)
4
0.125 (4, 0.125 )
5 2(0.5)
5
0.0625 (5, 0.0625 )
220 Pre-Algebra Lesson 13-3 Daily Notetaking Guide Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 13-3 221
All-In-One Answers Version A Pre-Algebra
55
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version A (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 13-4 Polynomials 3 Evaluating a Polynomial Evaluate each polynomial for r 2 and s 7.
a. 5r 2 s b. 6rs
3
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Algebra
1 Identify polynomials Topic: Variables, Expressions, and Operations 5r 2 s 5(2)2 7 Replace r with 2 and s with 7.
6rs 6(2)(7)
3 3
2 Evaluate polynomials Local Standards: ____________________________________
13 Simplify. 28
Vocabulary.
4 Using a Polynomial The polynomial 16r 2 100t gives the height,
A monomial is a real number, a variable, or a product of a real number and variable with in feet, reached by a fireworks shell in t seconds. If the shell explodes
whole number exponents. 5 seconds after launch, at what height did it explode?
A polynomial is a monomial or a sum or difference of monomials. 16t2 100t
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16 ( 5 )2 100( 5 ) Replace t with 5 .
A binomial is a polynomial with two terms.
100 Simplify.
A trinomial is a polynomial with three terms.
The shell will explode at 100 feet.
Examples.
Quick Check.
1 Recognizing a Monomial Is each expression a monomial? Explain.
1. Is the expression a monomial? Explain.
a. 5 c
6 m
sum a. m b. 6 c. 45 d. mx b
No ; the expression is a .
7z No, the Yes; it is the Yes; it is a real No, it is a sum.
b. 3
denominator product of the number.
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
Yes ; the expression is the product of the real number 73 contains a variable m
variable. and the real
and the variable z.
number 1 6.
c. 6ab2
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Yes ; the expression is the product of the real number 6 2. Is the polynomial a monomial, a binomial, or a trinomial?
and the variables a, b, and b. a. 10 b. 9x2 xy c. 8 y d. 5 x 3y
4g monomial binomial binomial trinomial
d. h
No ; the denominator contains a variable.
3. Evaluate each polynomial for x 2 and y 5.
2 Naming a Polynomial State whether the polynomial is a monomial, a
binomial, or a trinomial.
a. 5xy b. x 3y c. y2 2y x
a. 14x2 2xy 7y2 50 13 13
trinomial
2
b. 11a3 bc 4. Fireworks are set to explode 4 seconds after launch. Using the polynomial
in Example 4, at what height will they explode?
monomial
144 feet
c. z 10
binomial
222 Pre-Algebra Lesson 13-4 Daily Notetaking Guide Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 13-4 223
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________
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Lesson 13-5 Adding and Subtracting Polynomials 3 Subtracting Polynomials Simplify (12y2 10y 5) (6y2 8y 11).
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Algebra (12y2 10y 5) (6y2 8y 11)
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Topic: Variables, Expressions, and Operations Write the opposite of each term
1 Add polynomials 12y2 10y 5 6y2 8y 11 in the second polynomial.
2 Subtract polynomials Local Standards: _____________________________
(
12y2 6y2 )( 10y )
8y (5 11) Group like terms.
(12 6)y2 (10 8)y (5 11) Use the Distributive Property.
Examples.
6 y2 2 y 6 Simplify.
1 Adding Polynomials Simplify (4b2 2b 1) (7b2 b 3).
Method 1 Add using tiles.
4b2 2b 1
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Quick Check.
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1. Simplify.
7b2 b 3
a. (7d2 7d) (2d2 3d) b. (x2 2x 5) (3x2 x 12)
9d2 10d 4x2 3x 17
11 b2 3 b 2
2. Simplify each sum.
Method 2 Add by combining like terms.
a. (4g2 2g 2) (2g2 3) b. (2t2 t 5) (2t 4)
(4b2 2b 1) (7b2 b 3)
Use the Commutative and
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6g2 2g 1 2t2 3t 9
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
(4b2 7b2) (2b b) (1 3) Associative Properties of
Addition to group like terms.
Use the Distributive
(
4 7 b2 ) ( 2 1b ) ( 1 3) Property to combine like terms.
Simplify.
3. Simplify each difference.
11 b2 3 b 2
a. (7a2 2a) (5a 2 3a) b. (10z2 6z 5) (z2 8z 7)
2 Aligning Like Terms Find the sum of 2z2 9z 15 and 8z 11. 2a2 5a 9z2 14z 2
Align like terms.
2z2 9z 15
8z 11
2z2 z 4 Add the terms in each column.
c. (3w2 8 v) (5w2 3 7v)
2w2 11 8v
224 Pre-Algebra Lesson 13-5 Daily Notetaking Guide 225
Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 13-5
56 Pre-Algebra All-In-One Answers Version A
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version A (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 13-6 Multiplying a Polynomial by a Monomial Examples.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Algebra
2 Simplifying a Product Simplify 5n2 (2n3 4n2 n).
1 Topic: Variables, Expressions, and Operations
5n2(2n3 4n2 n)
Use an area model for multiplication Use the Distributive
2 Write a polynomial as the product of a 5n2(2n3) 5n2(4n2) 5n2(n)
Local Standards: _______________________ Property.
monomial and a polynomial
Use the Commutative
(5)(2)n2 3 (5)(4)n2 2 (5)n2 1 Property of Multiplication.
Example.
1 Finding Area Find the area of the rectangle. All measurements are in (5)(2)n5 (5)(4)n4 (5)n3 Add exponents.
meters. n5 n4 5n3 Simplify.
10 20
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v7 3 Finding Factors of a Polynomial Write 6r 4 10r 3 14r 2 as a product of two factors.
6r 4 2 ? 3 ? r ? r ? r ? r
A ᐉw
4v
10r 3 2 ? 5 ? r ? r ? r
14r 2 1 ? 2 ? 7 ? r ? r
} Write prime factorizations.
4v(v 7) Substitute. GCF 2r 2
4v(v) 4v(7) Use the Distributive Property.
4v2 28v Simplify. 6r 4 2 r 2 ? 3r 2
The area of the rectangle is 4v 2 28v m2. 10r 3 2r 2 ? 5 r Write each term as the product of 2r2 and another factor.
14r 2 2r 2 ? 7 Use the Distributive Property.
Quick Check. 6r 4 10r 3 14r 2 2r 2 (3r 2 5r 7)
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1. Simplify each product.
a. 3x(x 4)
Quick Check.
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3x2 12x
2. Simplify each product.
a. x(x2 2x 4) b. 2a 2(2a 3 3a 2 3)
x 3 2x2 4x 4a5 6a 4 6a 2
b. x(2x 3)
3. Use the GCF of the terms to write each polynomial as the product of
2x2 3x two factors.
a. 2x 2 x
x(2x 1)
b. 2b 2 6b 2 12b
2b(b 3b 6)
226 Pre-Algebra Lesson 13-6 Daily Notetaking Guide Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 13-6 227
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
3 Multiplying Binomials Write a polynomial to express the area of the (2x 1) in.
Lesson 13-7 Multiplying Binomials square at the right.
Lesson Objectives
Method 1 Use a model.
NAEP 2005 Strand: Algebra
x x 1
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1 Use models in multiplying binomials Topic: Variables, Expressions, and Operations
2 Multiply two binomials x
Local Standards: _______________________________
x
Examples.
1
1 Using a Model Simplify (x 3)(x 5).
The area of the square is 4x2 4x 1 in.2.
factors
x 5 Method 2 Use the formula for the area of a square and the Distributive Property.
All rights reserved.
All rights reserved.
Area side2
A (2x 1)2
x3
(2x 1)(2x 1)
2x (2x 1) 1 (2x 1)
product
2x (2x) 2x (1) 1 (2x) 1 (1)
x2 8x 15
4 x2 2 x 2 x 1
The area is x2 8x 15 .
4 x2 4 x 1
2 Multiplying Two Binomials Simplify (b 2)(3b 1). The area of a square is 4x2 4x 1 in.2.
(b 2)(3b 1)
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
b(3b 1) 2(3b 1) Use the Distributive Property.
Quick Check.
3 b2 b 6b 2 Use the Distributive Property again.
2. Simplify each product.
3b2 5 b 2 Simplify. a. (x 2)(x 5) b. (m 2)(2m 3)
x2 3x 10 2m2 7m 6
Quick Check.
1. Simplify each product using models.
a. (x 2)(x 3) b. (y 1)(y 4)
3. a. Which method do you prefer to use in Example 3? Explain.
x2 5x 6 y2 5y 4
Answers may vary. Check students’ work.
b. Which method from Example 3 would you use to simplify (3x 4)(3x 4)?
Answers may vary. Check students’ work.
228 Pre-Algebra Lesson 13-7 Daily Notetaking Guide Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 13-7 229
All-In-One Answers Version A Pre-Algebra
57
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version A (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 13-8 Use Multiple Strategies Make a table.
Layer No. of apples No. of Total
Lesson Objective Local Standards: _____________________________ (from top on edge of apples in no. of
1 Solve problems by combining strategies down) layer layer apples
2
1 1 1 1 1
Example. 2 2 2 5
2 4
2
1 Apple Display A grocer stacks apples in the shape of a square pyramid. 3 3 3 9 14
He wants to make the pyramid have six “layers.” How many apples does 2
4 4 4 16 30
the grocer need?
2
5 5 5 25 55
Understand the Problem
All rights reserved.
All rights reserved.
2
Read the problem carefully. 6 6 6 36 91
1. What do you want to find?
The grocer needs 91 apples.
the number of apples needed
Check the Answer
2. What is the relationship between the pyramid layers and the number of
apples needed? The original problem states that the stack of apples is in the shape of a
square pyramid. This means that the number of apples in each layer should
The number of apples in each layer is the square of the layer number. be a perfect square. In this solution, 4, 9, 16, 25, and 36 are each perfect
squares. So the result fits the context of the original problem.
Make and Carry Out a Plan
Draw a diagram of each layer of the pyramid of apples.
Quick Check.
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1 1. Suppose that the pyramid must have 9 layers. Find the number of apples the
2 grocer will need.
3
1 285 apples
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2
4
5
6
230 Pre-Algebra Lesson 13-8 Daily Notetaking Guide Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 13-8 231
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
58 Pre-Algebra All-In-One Answers Version A
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version B
3.
Chapter 1 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
9 2
4. 6
Practice 1-1 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1. variable; d 2. numerical 3. variable; k 4. numerical 5. -9 6. -9, -2, 8 7. ∆-9∆ = 9, ∆-2∆ = 2
5. 25(5) 6. 25q 7. 12(7) 8. 12y 9. k 2 9 10. m 6
8. 8 3 4 ;
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
11. 2x 1 4 12. 18 1 b 13. 15C warmer than the 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
room temperature 14. 7C cooler than the room -8, -3, 4
temperature
Practice 1-5
Guided Problem Solving 1-1 1. 26 1 (29) 5 17 2. 100 1 (262) 1 35
1. Brandi 2. subtraction 3. Mia has $20 less than Brandi 1 (272) 5 1 3. 11 4. 0 5. 2 6. 3 7. $32
4. the amount of money Brandi has 5. the amount of money 8. positive 9. negative 10. negative 11. 4 12. 17
Mia has 6. d 7. d - 20 8. d - 20 + 20 = d, which is 13. 0 14. 15.
Brandi’s amount. 9. m + 5
All rights reserved.
Guided Problem Solving 1-5
Practice 1-2 1. $123 2. $35 3. $20 4. $90 5. a. subtracted,
1. 8 2. 38 3. 66 4. 54 5. 1 6. 8 7. 4 b. subtracted, c. added 6. 123 - 35 - 20 + 90 7. $158
8. 6 9. 5 10. 7 11. (3 1 5) ? 8 5 64 8. 158 - 90 + 20 + 35 = 123, the amount Marie started
12. 4 ? (6 2 2) 1 7 5 23 13. 14. with 9. $64
15. 16.
Practice 1-6
Guided Problem Solving 1-2 1. 4 2. 7 3. 21 4. 281 5. 50 6. 0 7. 160
1. 4 hours 2. 7 hours 3. 3 days 4. multiplication 5. 3 3 7 8. 400 9. 700 10. 300 11. 2,100 12. 2,200
6. addition 7. 4 + 3 ? 7 8. 25 hours 13. 2,300 2 600 5 1,700
9. 4 + 7 + 7 + 7 = 25 10. 4 3 8 + 5; $37 14. 317 2 74 2 132 2 48 5 63
Practice 1-3 Guided Problem Solving 1-6
1. 15 2. 4 3. 7 4. 18 5. 5 6. 9 7. 6 8. 7 9. 23 1. 35 2. 50 3. your new score 4. positive 5. subtract
6. 35 - 50 7. -15 8. 35 + (-50) 9. -15 10. -20
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10. 5 11. 19 12. 27 13. 14 14 5x; 180 in.
Guided Problem Solving 1-3 Practice 1-7
1. $100 2. $25 3. number of months of membership 1. 18, 21, 24; Start with 3 and add 3 repeatedly
4. the cost of membership for n months 5. the cost of 2. 32, 64, 128; Start with 1 and multiply by 2 repeatedly
membership for one year 6. multiplication 7. 25n 3. 62, 63, 126; Start with 6. Alternate adding 1 and multiplying
8. addition 9. 100 + 25n 10. 100 + 25(12) 11. $400 by 2. 4. 1, 8, 15; Start with 34 and subtract 7 repeatedly
12. multiplication 13. 10 + 5n; $50 5. Incorrect. There are yellow roses.
6. Incorrect. 8 2 (27) 5 15
7.
Practice 1-4
1. 8, 4, 5
10 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 10
2. 3, 2, 3
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
8.
3. 9, 5, 0
10 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 10
4. 7, 6, 1
10 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 10
5. 5 6. 2,000 7. 9 8. 25 9. 8 10. 847 11. 4 9.
12. 7 13. 14. 15. 16.
Guided Problem Solving 1-4
1. Graph the numbers on a number line and then order the
numbers from least to greatest. 2. -2, 8, -9
L1 All-In-One Answers Version B Pre-Algebra
59
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version B (continued)
10. Guided Problem Solving 1-9
1. 5 degrees 2. 7 hours 3. Use an integer to represent
the total change in temperature. 4. 7 times
5
5.
Guided Problem Solving 1-7 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 5 10
1. Answers may vary. Sample: If the digits of a whole number
add up to a number that is divisible by 3, then the whole
6. -35 7. 7 ? (-5) = -35 8. -60
number is also divisible by 3. 2. Answers may vary. Sample:
15, 18, 21 3. Answers may vary. Sample: 15 = 5; 18 = 6; Practice 1-10
3 3
21 = 7 4. Answers may vary. Sample: 120, 132 1–6. y 7. (1, 1)
3 4 8. (4, 3)
5. yes 6. Answers may vary. Sample: The conjecture seems to B D
9. (2, 1)
A
be correct because it worked with several numbers that I 2 10. (0, 1)
know are divisible by 3. 7. 5 + 1 + 1 + 2 = 9, 9 = 3; 11. II 12. I
3 x
5,112 C 13. III
= 1,704 8. Incorrect; 12 is divisible by 2,
All rights reserved.
3 4 2 O 2 4 14. y-axis
but the sum of its digits, 3, is not divisible by 2. 15. G 16. T
E F 17. R
4 18. negative,
Practice 1-8 positive
1.a. 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11; 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36 b. The total in the 19. negative, negative 20. zero 21. zero
display is the row number multiplied by itself (the row number
squared) c. 9, 12, 20 2.a. 9, 1, 9, 1 b. When 9 is
multiplied an even number of times the ones digit is 1. When 9
Guided Problem Solving 1-10
is multiplied an odd number of times the ones digit is 9. c. 1 1. a square 2. the coordinates of each point
3. the coordinates of S
4. y
Guided Problem Solving 1-8
Q(0, 5)
1. 1 first grader 2. 2 second graders; 3 third graders 4
3. the number of students who will march in the parade
4. Grade 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2
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Number of 1 2 3 x
Students in
the Parade P(5, 0)2 O 2 R(5, 0)
5. The pattern is Start with 1 and add 1 repeatedly. 2
6. Grade 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Number of 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 4
Students in
the Parade
7. 78 students 5. y
8. ; 78 students Q(0, 5)
4
2
x
P(5, 0)2 O 2 R(5, 0)
2
9. 36 students
4
Practice 1-9
1. 336 2. 51 3. 6 4. 117 5. 5 6. 45 7. 42
8. 5 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 11 6. The four sides of a square are equal.
14. $16 15. $1 16. 1 17. 3(24) 5 212;
The temperature dropped a total of 12.
60 Pre-Algebra All-In-One Answers Version B L1
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version B (continued)
7. y Inductive reasoning: Making conclusions based on patterns
Q(0, 5) you observe.
4 Conjecture: A conclusion reached through inductive
reasoning.
2 Counterexample: An example that proves a statement false.
P(5, 0) R(5, 0) x
2 O 2 1F: Vocabulary Review Puzzle
1. conjecture 2. coordinate 3. integer 4. inductive 5. axis
2 6. variable 7. quadrant 8. origin 9. absolute 10. evaluate
4 I N T E G E R O T E U D Q
E T E E E A G V A T C L O
E N I E T R N D E A E I I
8. (0, -5) 9. 5 units 10. (4, 2) R A R U A B D J L U A E A
U R T U N O N B B L I E N
1A: Graphic Organizer
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1. Algebraic Expressions and Integers 2. Answers may vary. T D E A I V E T A A C T N
Sample: variables and expressions, integers and absolute value, C A I N D U C T I V E U U
inductive reasoning, the coordinate plane 3. Look for a E U U T R B N O R E B L E
Pattern 4. Check students’ work. Chapter: Algebraic
J Q A A O R I E A L S O I
Expressions and Integers; Variables and Expressions: write
variable expressions; The Order of Operations: use grouping N E D O O T T A V U X S I
symbols; Evaluating Expressions: solve word problems; O G A O C O R I G I N B N
Integers and Absolute Value: find opposites and absolute C A X I S U T T I V E A N
values; Adding Integers: use rules and models to add integers;
Subtracting Integers: use rules and models to subtract integers;
Inductive Reasoning: make predictions and test conjectures;
Look for a Pattern: using a tree diagram; Multiplying and
Dividing Integers: multiply and divide integers; The
Chapter 2
Coordinate Plane: graphing points
Practice 2-1
1. 1,300 2. 1,127 3. 185 4. 120 5. 0 6. 700 7. 77
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1B: Reading Comprehension 8. 10 9. 180 10. d 11. f 12. b 13. e 14. a
Sample Responses: 1. what algebra is; the history of algebra 15. c 16. 119 17. 210
2. Numbers are used as examples of values for variables, and
as dates. 3. Diophantus and Al-Khowarizmi. 4. the father of
algebra 5. six centuries 6. the operations 7. addition, Guided Problem Solving 2-1
subtraction, multiplication, division 8. the word, al-jabr, in 1. $308 2. $12 3. $16 4. 2 5. the total cost of Loryn’s
the title of a work by Al-Khowarizmi ticket 6. 2 3 16 7. 308 + (2 3 16) + 12 8. multiplication; 2
3 16 9. 308 + 32 + 12 10. 308 + 12 + 32 11. (308 + 12)
+ 32 12. $352 13. The Commutative Property lets you
1C: Reading/Writing Math Symbols rearrange the numbers that are being added and the
Sample Responses: 1. two divided by p 2. the absolute Associative Property lets you choose which two numbers to
value of x 3. the opposite of ten or negative ten 4. y is less add first. 14. $65
than negative two 5. the product of the variable a and 7 or
7 times a 6. a + b 7. 3 15 8. 2(x + y) 9. -m , 2
10. p - 6 11. 12 t 12. |3| Practice 2-2
1. 3(4x 1 2) 5 12x 1 6 2. 2(5x 1 3) 5 10x 1 6
3. 6h 2 24 4. 5p 1 15 5. 23x 2 24
1D: Visual Vocabulary Practice 6. 236 1 9y 7. (100 2 2)7 5 700 2 14 5 686
1. variable 2. variable expression 3. opposites 8. 9(30 2 2) 5 270 2 18 5 252
4. quadrants 5. x-axis 6. y-axis 7. ordered pair 9. (80 2 2)8 5 640 2 16 5 624
8. y-coordinate 9. origin 10. (8 2 12)5 5 220 11. 7f10 1 (23)g 5 49
12. 24(3 1 6) 5 236 13. 6f8 1 (22)g 5 36
1E: Vocabulary Check 14. 576 boxes
Integers: The whole numbers and their opposites.
Absolute value: The distance of a number from zero on a
number line.
L1 All-In-One Answers Version B Pre-Algebra
61
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version B (continued)
Guided Problem Solving 2-2 Practice 2-6
1. 294 seats 2. 4 nights 3. the number of people that 1. k 5 25 2. n 5 221 3. m 5 12 4. y 5 48
attended the theater in four nights 4. 4(294) 5. 300 - 6 5. s 5 180 6. z 5 0 7. m 5 255 8. x 5 26
6. 4(300 - 6) 7. 1,200 - 24 = 1,176 8. 1,176 people 9. p 5 21 10. x 5 217 11. x 5 99 12. v 5 1
9. Answers may vary. Sample: Instead of multiplying 4 and 13. e 5 2500 14. y 5 441 15. 33g 5 561; 17 gallons
294, the Distributive Property lets you multiply 4 and 300, 16. 5, 5 17. 56, 56
and 4 and 6. 10. 144
Guided Problem Solving 2-6
Practice 2-3 1. 88 stories 2. 1,232 ft 3. the height of one story
1. 7y 1 8 2. 30m 2 7 3. t 4. 9x 1 11y 4. Answers may vary. Sample: h 5. 1,232 = 88h
5. 24a 1 2c 6. 0 7. 3; none; 7 8. 4, 3, 1; 3n, n; none 6. Divide each side of the equation by 88. 7. h = 14
9. 6, 9, 1; 6kp, kp; 14 10. 1, 2, 1, 5; c, 2c, c, 5c; 1 8. 14 ft 9. 1,232 ft 10. 34s = 136; s = 4 feet
11. x 1 4 1 3x 1 (25) 1 2x; 6x 2 1
12. 4x 1 (26) 1 (22x) 1 3x 1 1; 5x 2 5 Practice 2-7
1. 3 in. by 12 in.; Sample guesses are shown. 1, 2, 3; 10, 11, 12;
All rights reserved.
Guided Problem Solving 2-3 10, 22, 36 2. 4 3-pointers and 9 2-pointers; Sample guesses
1. the number of dollars each plant cost 2. $10 3. $3 are shown. 1, 2, 3, 4; 6, 7, 8, 9; 15, 20, 25, 30 3.a. 6, 6
4. how much the supplies for Juan’s gecko cost in all b. 7, 5 c. 11, 1 d. 12, 0 4. 9 dimes; 12 nickels
5. 4p 6. 4p + 10 + 3 7. 4p + 13 8. All like terms have 5. brush $2.89; comb $.89
been combined. 9. 3n + 14
Guided Problem Solving 2-7
Practice 2-4 1. quarters and nickels 2. 4 more nickels 3. $2.30 4. how
1. no 2. yes 3. no 4. yes 5. yes 6. no many quarters and nickels there are 5. 0.05, 0.25 6. Check
7. open sentence 8. false 9. true students’ tables. 7. a. too low b. increase the numbers of
10. true 11. 15 n 5 27; open sentence each 8. 11 nickels and 7 quarters 9. Answers may vary.
Sample: If the total value is less than $2.30, you increase the
12. 54 4 6 5 29; false 13. 3z 2 7 5 4; open sentence
numbers of nickels and quarters. If the total value of the coins
14. d 1 132 5 468; no
is more than $2.30, you decrease the number of nickels and
quarters. 10. 14 dimes and 9 nickels
Guided Problem Solving 2-4
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1. 140 lb 2. the weight of the dog 3. 192 lb 4. Find Practice 2-8
whether the dog weighs 52 lb. 5. 140 + d 6. 140 + d = 192
1. t , 16 2. p # 25 3. n , 0 4. x # 27
7. an open sentence 8. 140 + 52 = 192 9. true
5. x . 211 6. x , 2 7. x $ 23
10. Yes, the dog weighs 52 lb. 11. 140 lb 12. 56 - 32 = b,
8.
or b + 32 = 56; no
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
9.
Practice 2-5
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
1. k 5 0 2. p 5 800 3. x 5 170 4. n 5 100
5. y 5 7,500 6. x 5 100 7. f 5 211 10.
8. w 5 210 9. m 5 9 10. c 5 7 11. x 5 7 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
12. p 5 14 13. z 5 88 14. m 5 269 11.
15. 356 1 365 1 n 5 977; 256 students 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
12. s # 60 13. c # $4.50
Guided Problem Solving 2-5
1. 487 million people 2. The number of people who spoke Guided Problem Solving 2-8
English was 512 million fewer than the number of people who
1. three 2. with a twenty-dollar bill 3. the cost of a movie
spoke Mandarin Chinese. 3. Choose the appropriate equa-
ticket 4. 3t 5. The student got change back from paying
tion for the problem. 4. the number of people in millions
with a twenty-dollar bill. 6. 3t 20 7. The problem would
who spoke Mandarin Chinese 5. subtraction; fewer implies
indicate that the student pays with more than a twenty-dollar
subtraction 6. A 7. 487 = n - 512 makes n bigger than
bill. 8. 4g 5
487. 8. 32 - s = 119
62 Pre-Algebra All-In-One Answers Version B L1
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version B (continued)
Practice 2-9 and subtraction; Solving One-Step Inequalities by Multiplying or
Dividing: solve one-step inequalities using division
1. n 2 6 , 24; n , 2 2. k 1 5 $ 2; k $ 23
3. b 1 9 . 23; b . 212 4. 39 1 i $ 48; i $ 9
5. x $ 2 2B: Reading Comprehension
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 Sample Responses: 1. paper, pencil, ruler, red and blue
6. x $ 1 pencils or pens 2. an inequality 3. a list of the numbers
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 4. look, draw, make 5. whole numbers 6. the word yes or no
7. x $ 0
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 2C: Reading/Writing Math Symbols
8. x . 3 1. 6 2. 2 3. II 4. a 5. 2 6. 13 7. 2x and 3x 8. -5
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
9. x , 26
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 2D: Visual Vocabulary Practice
10. x . 22 1. terms 2. solution of inequality 3. constant 4. coefficient
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 5. solution of equation 6. open sentence 7. equation
8. inverse operations 9. expression
All rights reserved.
11. x # 5
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
12. x , 0 2E: Vocabulary Check
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 Constant: A term that has no variable.
Like terms: Terms with the same variable(s), raised to the
Guided Problem Solving 2-9 same power(s).
1. at least $120 2. $45 3. the amount of money you Deductive reasoning: The process of reasoning logically
will have to save 4. 45 + m 120 5. 45 6. m 75 from given facts to a conclusion.
7. $75 8. $45 9. $38 Equation: A mathematical sentence with an equal sign, =.
Inequality: A sentence that uses one or more of the symbols
Practice 2-10 , , , , or 2.
1
1. 25k # 30; k $ 26 2. $ 27; p $ 214
2p
1
3. 9k # 18; k # 2 4. 3 p $ 217; p $ 251 2F: Vocabulary Review
5. x . 22 6. x . 4 7. x , 1 8. x . 26 1. D 2. A 3. C 4. E 5. B 6. D 7. C 8. A 9. E 10. B
9. x , 220 10. x $ 22 11. yes 12. yes 13. yes
Chapter 3
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
14. no 15. Divide each side by 5 and reverse the direction
of the inequality symbol; Simplify.
Practice 3-1
Guided Problem Solving 2-10 1. 6.7 2. 52.2 3. 1 4. 348.51 5. 180 6. $220
1. $.06 per kilowatt-hour 2. $72 3. Find the greatest 7. 14.9 8. 10.1 9. $15.50 10. 13.6 11. $30 12. 36
number of kilowatt-hours of electricity Marnie can use and 13. 450, clustering 14. 14; rounding; 14.1, front-end
stay in budget. 4. 0.06 ? k 72 5. 0.06 6. 1,200 estimation 15. $4, clustering
7. 1,200 kilowatt-hours 8. $72 9. 4 movies
2A: Graphic Organizer Guided Problem Solving 3-1
1. 63.96 in. 2. 19.70 in. 3. about how much more rain falls
1. Solving One-Step Equations and Inequalities 2. Answers
each year in Mobile than in San Francisco 4. 64 in. 5. 20 in.
may vary. Sample: variables and equations, solving equations,
6. 64 – 20 7. 44 8. about 44 inches 9. 40 inches 10. 6 inches
graphing inequalities, solving inequalities 3. Guess, Check,
Revise 4. Check students’ work. Chapter: Solving One-Step
Equations and Inequalities; Properties of Numbers: identify Practice 3-2
properties; The Distributive Property: using the distributive 1. yes 2. no; 5 3. no; 2.4 4. yes 5. yes
property; Simplifying Variable Expressions: identify parts of 6. no; 80 7. no; 12 8. yes 9. 54 10. 55 11. 6 12. 6
a variable expression; Variables and Equations: check 13. 15 14. 3 15. $5
equations using substitution; Solving Equations by Adding
or Subtracting: solve one-step equations by addition and
subtraction; Solving Equations by Multiplying or Dividing: Guided Problem Solving 3-2
solving one-step equations using division and multiplication; 1. 450 mi 2. 39 mi 3. $1.89 4. about how much the gas for
Guess, Check, Revise: making a conjecture; Inequalities and Shari’s trip will cost 5. 450 6. 40 7. 440 8. 440 , 11 gal
39 40
Their Graphs: graph inequalities; Solving One-Step Inequalities 9. $2.00 10. 11 3 $2.00 11. about $22.00 12. $21.81
by Adding or Subtracting: solve one-step equations with addition 13. about $20.00
L1 All-In-One Answers Version B Pre-Algebra
63
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version B (continued)
Practice 3-3 Practice 3-7
1.a. 8.8, 8.85, 8.9 b. Answers may vary. Sample: The median; 1. mm 2. km 3. cm 4. cm 5. 25 6. 1.975 7. 7,000
the mean is affected by the outlier, and the mode is next to 8. 2.936 9. 0.072 10. 9.246 11. 250 mL; A cup would
the highest score. c. This eliminates scores that are not hold less than a quart. 12. 2 kg; A bag of oranges weighs
representative of the majority. 2. 8.5, 8.5, 9 3. 51.4, 60.5, more than this math book. 13. Kilometer; cities are usually
none 4. 3, 3, 3 5. 15,103.4 ft 6. 14,911 ft 7. Mont Blanc miles apart. 14. Gram; a pencil weighs a little more than a
is over 500 ft higher than Monte Rosa. paper clip. 15. Liters; a tank usually holds between 10 and
20 gallons. 16. 2.5
Guided Problem Solving 3-3
1. the mean, median, and mode of the data 2. which one Guided Problem Solving 3-7
best describes the data 3. 6 4. even 5. 40 72 72 79 80 81 1. 304.8 cm 2. the length of a hippopotamus’s stomach
6. 70.7 7. 75.5 8. 72 9. Yes; 40. 10. The median is the best
measure; the data are numerical and the outlier affects the in meters 3. 100 4. 304.8 5. 3.048 m
100
mean too much. 11. An outlier usually affects the means, so 6. 3.048 3 100 = 304.8 cm 7. 1.437 m
it is not a good measure of central tendency for the given data.
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12. 11.4, 11, 9; The mean is the best measure of central Practice 3-8
tendency because there are no outliers in the data. 1.a. 18 b. 360 c. 5,400 d. $520.02 2.a. 4 b. 6
c. 16 d. 30 3.a. 4 cm b. 5 cm c. 6 cm 4. 101 s
Practice 3-4
1. 27 m 2. 13 ft 3. 42.5 sq m 4. 7.5 sq ft Guided Problem Solving 3-8
5. 447.5, 308, 110, 66 1. $.20 each 2. $.25 each 3. the amount of profit the school
6. 66.2, 71.6, 86, 82.4, 75.2, 68 store makes on five dozen pencils 4. $.25 - $.20; $.05 5. 12
pencils 6. 60 pencils 7. 60 3 $.05 8. $3.00 9. $12.00
Guided Problem Solving 3-4 10. $15.00 11. $3.00 12. $43.00
1. 3.7 m 2. 7.3 m 3. the perimeter and the area of the
rectangle 4. P = 2(7.3) + 2(3.7) 5. P = 14.6 + 7.4 6. 22 m 3A: Graphic Organizer
7. A = 7.3(3.7) 8. 27.01 m2 9. 22 m 10. 3.7 m 1. Decimals and Equations 2. Answers may vary. Sample:
11. 13 m; 9 m2 rounding, estimating, using formulas, using the metric system
3. Act It Out 4. Check students’ work.
Practice 3-5
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1. n 5 7.42 2. x 5 2.22 3. y 5 48.763 3B: Reading Comprehension
4. p 5 235.7 5. x 5 0.0049 6. f 5 20.15 1. alphabetical 2. where the term is taught and explained in
7. a 5 227.98 8. t 5 11.5 9. z 5 0 10. n 5 4 the text 3. Look at that page for further explanation.
11. k 5 0 12. n 5 4 13. x 5 7.3 14. p 5 10 4. It repeats the term that is being defined. 5. an example
of each definition 6. a
Guided Problem Solving 3-5
1. 19.32 s 2. 23.86 s 3. Write and solve an equation to 3C: Reading/Writing Math Symbols
find Johnson’s 400-m record. 4. r - 23.86 = 19.32 1. p 0.7 2. b # -23 3. 7 m 4. t + 5 , 28
5. 23.86 6. 43.18 7. 43.18 s 8. 19.32 s 9. 58.53 s 5. 3 + h 6. 56.9 cm 7. 7 $ g 8. 23 + 34 9. 4.5 - 11
10. 2 7 11. 15n
12
Practice 3-6
1. h 5 6 2. x 5 27.5 3. k 5 20.387
4. e 5 0.1 5. p 5 1.595 6. x 5 26.37
3D: Visual Vocabulary Practice/High-Use
7. y 5 254.4 8. k 5 0.084 9. k 5 20.26 Academic Words
10. p 5 2414 11. y 5 28.5 12. n 5 20.45 1. compatible numbers 2. range 3. mean 4. mode
13. 20.75n 5 0.024; n 5 20.032 5. measure of central tendency 6. outlier 7. median
n
14. 23.88 5 22,000; n 5 7,760 8. formula 9. perimeter
Guided Problem Solving 3-6 3E: Vocabulary Check
1. 12.25 lb 2. 0.5 lb 3. about how many average-sized Mean: The sum of a collection of data divided by the number
onions have a total weight the same as the record-setting of data items.
weight 4. 0.5n = 12.25 5. 0.5 6. 24.5 7. 25 onions Mode: The data item that occurs most often.
8. 12 lb or 12.5 lb 9. 26 marbles Range: The difference between the greatest and least values
in a set of data.
64 Pre-Algebra All-In-One Answers Version B L1
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version B (continued)
Outlier: A data value that is much higher or lower than the Guided Problem Solving 4-3
other data values in a collection of data.
1. 24 students 2. 16 students 3. The groups must be the
Significant digits: The digits that represent the actual
same size and have the same number of math students.
measurement.
4. the greatest number of groups possible 5. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12,
24 6. 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 7. 1, 2, 4, and 8 8. 8 9. 8 groups
3F: Vocabulary Review Puzzle 10. Since the 24 math students must be divided into groups of
ACROSS equal size, the number of groups must be a factor of 24. Since
2. mean 3. median 6. metric 7. outlier the combined groups must be equal in size, the 16 science
DOWN students must also be divided into a number of groups of
1. perimeter 4. formula 5. mode equal size. Thus the greatest number of groups is the GCF of
24 and 16. 11. 6 groups
Chapter 4
Practice 4-4
2 1 2 7 4 4x 1 5a
Practice 4-1 1. 3 2. 2 3. 3 4. 9 5. 5a 6. 5y 7. 10 8. 9d
3 3 4 6 6 9
1. 1, 2, 3, 6 2. 1, 3, 5, 15 3. 1, 41 4. 1, 3, 9, 27 9. 10. 28, 12 11. , 12. 10 , 15 13. 1 2 1 2
6 , 12 14. 2 , 4
All rights reserved.
5 6 9
5. 1, 2, 4, 5, 10, 20, 25, 50, 100 6. 1, 3, 13, 39 7. 3 15. 6m 9m
16n , 24n
8. 3 9. 2, 3, 5, 9, 10 10. none 11. 1 12. 3 13. 8
14. 0, 5 15. 0, 2, 4, 6, 8
Guided Problem Solving 4-4
Guided Problem Solving 4-1 1. 8 hours 2. the fraction of a day that 8 hours is 3. in
1. 2 plates 2. 7 cookies 3. 1 3 42, 2 3 21, 3 3 14, 6 3 7 simplest form 4. 8 5. 24 6. 8 7. 8 8. 1 9. 1 10. 8
24 3 3
4. 2 plates of 21 cookies, 3 plates of 14 cookies, 6 plates of 7 hours 11. 1
cookies 5. 2 plates of 28 cookies, 4 plates of 14 cookies, 7 12
plates of 8 cookies, 8 plates of 7 cookies 6. 2 plates of 30
cookies, 3 plates of 20 cookies, 4 plates of 15 cookies, 5 plates Practice 4-5
of 12 cookies, 6 plates of 10 cookies 7. 2 plates of 72 cookies, 1. 12; P1-C3, P2-C3; P3-C1, P4-C1; P3-C2, P4-C2; P3-C3,
3 plates of 48 cookies, 4 plates of 36 cookies, 6 plates of 24 P4-C3 2. 12 3. 8 4 a.15 b. 30
cookies, 8 plates of 18 cookies, 9 plates of 16 cookies, 12 plates
of 12 cookies, 16 plates of 9 cookies, 18 plates of 8 cookies
8. The combinations of plates and cookies have to be factors Guided Problem Solving 4-5
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
of the number of cookies because the cookies need to be dis- 1. pepperoni, mushrooms, onions, and green peppers 2. how
tributed evenly. 9. for 64 guests: 8 tables of 8 guests or 16 many different pizzas you can make using one, two, three, or
tables of 4 guests four of the toppings 3. 4 pizzas
4. mushrooms
onions
onions green peppers
green peppers
Practice 4-2 5. 6 pizzas 6. 4 pizzas 7. 1 pizza 8. 15 pizzas
1. 625 2. 125 3. 196 4. 64 5. 225 9. Sample: pepperoni 2
mushrooms
6. 3 7. 54 8. n5 9. c4h 10. 7a2b3 3 4
11. 8; 8 12. 0 13. 256; 256 14. 7 1 5
15. 12 16. 18 onions 6 green peppers
Guided Problem Solving 4-2 10. 7 sandwiches
1. ab 3 ab 3 ab 2. ab 3. tell what error the student
3
made 4. (a ? a ? a)(b ? b ? b) 5. a3b3 6. Answers may Practice 4-6
vary. Sample: Both a and b are raised to the third power in
1-4. 1 3
my answer, but only b is raised to the third power in the 0.5 4 0.3 4
student’s answer. 7. The student didn’t multiply a ? a ? a.
8. 8 9. 8 10. He did not include the parentheses around -4.
1.0 0.5 0 0.5 1.0
3 3 6 1
Practice 4-3 5. 14 6. 5 7. 27 8. 3 9–12. Sample answers.
10 210 2 22 4 4 24 224
1. 4 2. 18 3. 1 4. 7 5. 6 6. 25xy 7. 3 9. 25
27 , 14 , 214 10. 3 , 23 , 6 11. 5 , 25 , 230
8. 16 9. composite; 3 ? 52 10. composite; 23 ? 19 12. 38, 23 26 34 12 23 6
28 , 216 13. 21.7, 220 14. 20 , 25 , 10
11. composite; 25 ? 5 12. composite; 22 ? 33
13. prime 14. composite; 11 ? 13 15. prime 15. 45, 40 8
50 , 10
16. prime
L1 All-In-One Answers Version B Pre-Algebra
65
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version B (continued)
Guided Problem Solving 4-6 4A: Graphic Organizer
1. the strength of a radio signal 2. distance in miles from the 1. Factors, Fractions, and Exponents 2. Answers may vary.
transmitter 3. the strength of the radio signal at a distance Sample: exponents, prime factorization, rational numbers,
d miles from the transmitter 4. the strength of a radio signal scientific notation 3. Solve a Simpler Problem 4. Check
1,600 1,600 students’ work. Chapter: Factors, Fractions, and Exponents;
5 miles from the transmitter 5. s 5 6. 25
52 Divisibility and Factors: find factors; Exponents: use
7. 64 8. 64 9. Order of operations 10. 5 miles 11. 12.5 m/s2 exponents; Prime Factorization and Greatest Common Factor:
find the GCF; Simplifying Fractions: find equivalent fractions;
Account for All Possibilities: make an organized list; Rational
Practice 4-7 Numbers: graph rational numbers on a number line;
1. 4 2. 9 3. 10 4. 3 5. z15 6. 2c12 7. 236 Exponents and Multiplication: multiply powers with the same
8. x7 9. y9 10. 2y7 11. 3p6 12. 42z8 base; Exponents and Division: divide expressions with
13. 14. 15. 16. exponents; Scientific Notation: write numbers in scientific
notation
Guided Problem Solving 4-7
4B: Reading Comprehension
All rights reserved.
1. x8 ? x2 and x5 ? x5 2. explain why x8 ? x2 is equivalent
to x5 ? x5 3. x10 4. x10 5. Both x8 ? x2 and x5 ? x5 are equiv- 1. b 2. (a + b) 3. a 4. (-a) 5. a 6. b 7. The exponent
alent to x10. 6. Answers may vary. Samples: x9 ? x1, of -1 means the reciprocal of the base. 8. b 9. a(b 2 0)
x3 ? x7, x6 ? x4 7. To find the power of a power, you multiply 10. (ab) 11. 1(a 2 0, b 2 0) 12. b
the exponents. (x2)4 and (x4)2 both simplify to x8.
4C: Reading/Writing Math Symbols
Practice 4-8 1. The 2 doubles the value of x. 2. The 2 multiplies the value
y8 of x by x, or squares it. 3. The 7 multiplies the sum of x and y
1. 9 2. 4 3. 5 4. 2 5. 1 6. 2f5 7. 2
1 y3 by 7. 4. The 3 divides the value of p by 3. 5. The 2 does not
8. 9. 3 10. 1 11. a23 12. 2x21y 13. x26y2 affect the value of a. 6. The 3 cubes x, or multiplies x by itself
n5
14. m22n24 3 times. 7. The 5 multiplies the b by 5.
Guided Problem Solving 4-8 4D: Visual Vocabulary Practice
1. a measure of the amount of energy released by the 1. exponent 2. base 3. greatest common factor
9 4. prime numbers 5. simplest form 6. equivalent fractions
earthquake 2. 7 3. 9 4. Simplify 307 to find
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30 7. rational number 8. standard notation 9. scientific
how many times as much energy was released in the notation
Sanriku earthquake compared to the Loma Prieta earthquake.
9
5. 307 5 30927 5 302 6. 302 = 900 7. 900 times as much 4E: Vocabulary Check
30 Divisible: When one integer can be divided by another
8. Dividing Powers With the Same Base 9. By using this rule,
integer with a remainder of zero.
you do not have to find 30 9and 307, only 302. 10. 1,000 times
Factor: An integer that can divide another nonzero integer
with a remainder of zero.
Practice 4-9 Composite number: An integer greater than 1 with more
1. 62,800 2. 3,500 3. 0.00004002 4. 0.00204 than two positive factors.
5. 3.653 3 109 6. 6.336 3 104 7. 4.6 3 107 Prime factorization: The expression of a number as the
product of its prime factors.
8. 3.125 3 1025 9. 3.1536 3 109 10. 6 3 107
Greatest common factor: The greatest factor two or more
11. 6 3 1014 12. 7.2 3 1027 13. 8.5 3 1022 numbers have in common.
14. 23 3 105, 6.9 3 106, 72 3 105
15. 1.89 3 1024, 2.5 3 10 24, 19 3 1023
4F: Vocabulary Review
1. F 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. E 6. G 7. C 8. F 9. C 10. D
Guided Problem Solving 4-9 11. A 12. B 13. E 14. G
1. 2 3 10-5 lb 2. 1015 ants 3. how many pounds of ants
are on Earth 4. (2 3 1025)(1 3 1015)
5. 2 3 1 3 10-5 3 1015 6. 2 3 10-5 3 1015 7. 2 3 1010
8. 2 3 1010 lb 9. 2 3 10-5 lb 10. 0.4 lb
66 Pre-Algebra All-In-One Answers Version B L1
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version B (continued)
Chapter 5 Practice 5-4
4 5 6
1. 5 2. 214 3. 10 4. 212 5. 2
5 6. 223 7. 35
Practice 5-1 8. 1
3 9. 2914 10. 3x
14 11. 3
8 12. 27t
68 13. 814 cups
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 21 8. 96 14. 418 chapters
9. 150 10. 18a3bc 11. down 12. yes
13. 12, 23, 34 14. 31, 25, 37, 49 8 3 7 9
15. 11 , 4, 8, 10
Guided Problem Solving 5-4
Guided Problem Solving 5-1 1. 13 12 mi 2. every 2 41 mi 3. the number of rest stops you
1. 36 hot dogs 2. 20 hot dog buns 3. the least number of will make 4. 13 1 4 2 1 5. 27 4 9 6. 4 7. 27 3 4
packages of each product he can buy to have an equal number 2 4 2 4 9 2 9
327 42 3 2
of hot dogs and buns 4. 36, 72, 108, 144, 180, 216, 252, 288, 8. 2 3 9 5 1 3 1 5 6 9. 6 sections 10. 5 rest stops
1 1
324, 360 5. 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140, 160, 180, 200 6. 180
7. 180 8. 5 9. 9 10. 180 11. 4 boxes of letterhead and 11. 2 14 12. 22 pieces
5 boxes of envelopes
Practice 5-5
All rights reserved.
Practice 5-2 1. 10 2. 9 3. 212 4. 212 5. 114 6. 5 7. No; A glass
of milk holds about 8 fl oz. 8. No; A newborn weighs about
1. 217 1 4 4
50 2. 4 3. 25 4. 85 5. 3.25 6. 0.625 712 lb. 9. Yes; Reasonable 10. ton; An elephant is very
7. 0.5625 8. 6.28125 9. 4.62 10. 1.36 heavy. 11. cup; A cake can have about a cup of flour.
3
11. 10 , 0.4, 21, 53 12. 234, 0.6, 0.38, 238 13. 215 , 0.2, 41 , 25 12. inch; A squirrel is small. 13. capacity 14. weight
14. 10 13 15. 3 3
16. 2411 17. 18. 19. 15. length
8
Guided Problem Solving 5-2 Guided Problem Solving 5-5
5 2. 0.2 in. 3. 0.2 in. 4. decide whether the bolt will fit
1. 32 1. 2 mi 2. 1,000 ft 3. how many feet you have left to hike
5,280
into a hole made by the drill bit 5. 0.15625 6. The diameter 4. 5,280 ft 5. 1 6. 10,560 ft 7. 10,560 - 1,000
of the hole made by the drill bit; 0.2 . 0.15625 7. Yes, the 8. 9,560 ft 9. 2 mi 10. 10,840 ft
bolt has diameter 0.15625 in., which is less 0.2 in.
2 ; 2 5 32 ; 5 5 25 ; 2 . 5 9. No; a wooden
8. 10 10 160 32 160 10 32 Practice 5-6
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
peg with a diameter of 0.5 in. will not fit into a hole with a 1. May 5 2. 9 songs per hour 3. 56F 4a. 7 4b. 31
diameter of 7 in. 0.5 in. is 1 in. and 7 in. is less than 1 in.
16 2 16 2
Guided Problem Solving 5-6
Practice 5-3 1. 21 2. $15 3. how much money you had originally 4. 12
1. 114 2. 83 3. 1
212 4. 8x
5. 535 6. 1
7. 4
15 2 5y
5. 12 m 6. $30 7. Sample: If you spent half of your money,
8. 21320 9. 678 10. 11 11. 1415
16 12. 1115
23 61
then you must have half of your money left because two
13. 11 14. 30 15. 56 16. 100 17. 2150 18. 126 halves equal a whole. 8. $15 9. 24 students
15 20
19. 28 20. 33
Practice 5-7
Guided Problem Solving 5-3 9
1. 2110 2. 5
6 3. 1
3 4. 4
5 5. 259 6. 216
3
7. 538
1. 3 21 in., 6 21 in., and 10 34 in. of snow 1
8. 1412 7
9. 210 10. 7
12 11. 2
7 12. 7
9 13. 2
9 14. 2
5
2. the combined snowfall of the three storms 7 7
15. h 1 312 5 2116 ; h 5 1712 ft
3. 3 12 + 6 21 + 10 43 4. 72 + 13 + 43
2 4 16. h 1 134 5 614 ; h 5 412 ft
5. Answers may vary. Sample: 14 1 26 1 43
4 4 4
6. 83
4
7. 20 3 8. 20 3 in. 9. Write the whole number as an
4 4 Guided Problem Solving 5-7
improper fraction, then add the fractions. 10. Divide the
1. 8 21 lb 2. 4 87 lb 3. how much salmon he bought
numerator by the denominator to find the whole number.
Use the remainder as the numerator of the fraction part. 4. s 2 8 12 5 4 87 5. s 2 17 5 39 6. 17
2 8 2
11. 25 23 in. 7. Answers will vary. Sample: s 5 68 1 39
8 8
107 3 3 3
8. 8 9. 13 8 10. 13 8 lb 11. 13 8 lb 12. 42 34 lb
L1 All-In-One Answers Version B Pre-Algebra
67
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version B (continued)
Practice 5-8 5C: Reading/Writing Math Symbols
1. a 5 3
2. x 5 3. k 5 2113 4. c 5 45
234 1. + 2. ? or 3. 4. - 5. ft 6. c 7. ? or 8. lb
4
9. ? or 10. ? or 11. cm 12. . 13. + 14. +
5. m 5 2 29 6. w 5 111
1
7. n 5 0 8. z 5 313
9. n 5 15 10. c 5 113 11. d 5 6 12. y 5 20
13. h 5 218 14. k 5 2123 15. 123 m 5 2212 ;
5D: Visual Vocabulary Practice
1. least common multiple 2. least common denominator
m 5 1312 pages 16. 3x 5 156; x 5 52 mi/h 3. terminating decimal 4. repeating decimal
5. reciprocals 6. conversion factor 7. greatest common
Guided Problem Solving 5-8 factor 8. prime factorization 9. equivalent fractions
3 ft 2. how many weeks it will take a kudzu plant to
1. 1 20
grow 23 ft under ideal conditions 3. 1 3 w 5 23
5E: Vocabulary Check
20 Multiple: The product of a number and any nonzero whole
4. 23
20
w 5 23 5. 20 6. w 5 20 7. 20 weeks
23 number.
3 Least common multiple: The least number that is a multiple
8. 1 20 9. 6 days
All rights reserved.
of two or more numbers.
Least common denominator: The least common multiple
Practice 5-9 of the denominators of two or more fractions.
4 16 n6 Terminating decimal: A decimal with a finite number
1. 9 2. 25 3. 27 4. 64a3 5. 9y4 6. 125a3b6
of digits.
4x2 27y6
7. -a6b6 8. 8x9y3 9. 10. 11. 64 12. 2 Repeating decimal: A decimal in which the same block of
y2 x3
4 digits repeats without end.
13. 16 14. 9 15. 5 16. 4 17. 3 18. 2
19. (4a2) 2 5 16a4
5F: Vocabulary Review Puzzle
1. TERMINATING 2. EQUIVALENT 3. RECIPROCAL
Guided Problem Solving 5-9 4. SIMPLEST 5. REPEATING 6. DIMENSIONAL
1. 3x2 units 2. write and simplify an expression for the area 7. GREATEST 8. MULTIPLE 9. COMMON
of the tabletop 3. s2 4. (3x2)2 5. 32 ? (x2)2 10. SCIENTIFIC
6. 9x4 7. 9x4 ft2 8. the Rule for Raising a Power
to a Power 9. 16x6 square units
Chapter 6
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
5A: Graphic Organizer
1. Operations With Fractions 2. Answers may vary. Sample: Practice 6-1
comparing fractions, adding and subtracting fractions, using 1. 26 mi/gal 2. $7.50/h 3. 52 mi/h 4. 13 17 15
15 5. 13 6. 13
customary units of measurement, solving equations 3. Work 3 3 4 3 3 2 7
Backward 4. Check students’ work. Chapter: Operations
2 2 4
7. 4 , 7 , 7 8. 2 , 5 , 5 9. 4 , 6 , 6 10. 12 11. 2 12. 92
1
13 4 1
With Fractions; Comparing and Ordering Fractions: find the 13. 14 14. 3 15. 4
LCM; Fractions and Decimals: write fractions as decimals;
Adding and Subtracting Fractions: add or subtract fractions;
Multiplying and Dividing Fractions: multiply fractions; Using Guided Problem Solving 6-1
Customary Units of Measurement: convert customary units; 1. 846 km/h 2. the rate of the jetliner in meters per second
Work Backward: work backwards to find the beginning; 1,000 m 1h
3. 1,000 m 4. 1 km 5. 3,600 seconds 6. 3,600 s
Solving Equations by Adding or Subtracting Fractions: solve
equations by adding or subtracting fractions; Solving 7. 235 8. 235 m/s 9. 846 km/h 10. 5,984 ft/min
Equations by Multiplying Fractions: solve equations by
multiplying fractions and mixed numbers: Powers of Products
and Quotients: find powers of products Practice 6-2
420 f 2 2. 50 5 p , p 5
1. 36 5 30 , f 5 350 ft 4 2 25 pts
5B: Reading Comprehension 3. 3 15
.50 5 d , d 5 $2.50 4. proportion 5. proportion
1. 3 2. 5 3. yes 4. It must end in 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8, and the 6. not a proportion 7. not a proportion 8. x 5 25
sum of its digits must be divisible by 9. 5. Least Common 9. n 5 17 10. h 5 28 11. f 5 110 12. r 5 11.5
Multiple 6. 3 7. The two fractions have different
13. j 5 102.9 14. 75 min
numerators and denominators.
68 Pre-Algebra All-In-One Answers Version B L1
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version B (continued)
Guided Problem Solving 6-2 Practice 6-6
1. 3 defective chips 2. 750 chips 3. how many defective 1. 56 2. 87 3. 35 4. 200 5. 25% 6. 40% 7. 90%
chips there would be in 10,000 chips at a rate of 3 defective 8. 20 9. 111 10. 165 11. 87.5%
chips in 750 4. 3 5. c 3 5
6. 750 c
750 10,000 10,000
7. 750c = 3(10,000) 8. 750 9. 40 defective chips Guided Problem Solving 6-6
10. 40 11. 255 students 11
1. $55 2. 11% 3. the amount of money invested 4. 100
55 11 5 55
5. n 6. 100 n
7. 11n = 100(55) 8. 11 9. $500
Practice 6-3 10. $55 11. $60
1. 32 mi 2. 56 mi 3. 80 mi 4. 16 mi 5. 5 6. 42.5
7. 36 8. 20, 18 9. 43 in. 10. 234 in. 11. 1 in.
Practice 6-7
1. 125% 2. 75% 3. 0.5% 4. 27 5. 169 6. 36.2
Guided Problem Solving 6-3 7. 8 8. 14 9. 57 10. 1,300 11. 1,440 students
1. 35 mm 2. 21 mm 3. 85 cm 4. the height of the projected
image 5. The lengths of corresponding sides of similar
Guided Problem Solving 6-7
All rights reserved.
figures are in proportion. 6. 35 mm 7. 21 mm 1. 5.4% 2. $6.48 3. the amount of the sale 4. 6.48 = 0.054s
85 cm h
35 mm
8. 85 cm 5 h 21 mm 9. 35h = 21(85) 10. 35 5. 0.054 6. $120 7. $6.48 8. $800
11. 51 cm 12. 51 cm 13. 8 in.
Practice 6-8
1. 12.5%; decrease 2. 25%; increase 3. 13%; increase
Practice 6-4 4. 18%; decrease 5. 70%; decrease 6. 50%; decrease
3
2
1. 11 1
2. 11 3. 11 4. 10
11 5. 1 to 1 6. 3 to 4 7. 20%; increase 8. 900%; increase 9. 25%; decrease
7. 11 to 3 8. 4 to 3 9. 83 10. 12
1
11. 87 12. 58 10. 400%; increase 11. 100%; increase 12. 25%; increase
13. 1 to 3 14. 1 to 1 15. 23 to 1 16. 5 to 3 13. 33.3%; increase 14. 70.5%; decrease 15. 8.2%
16. 14.6%
Guided Problem Solving 6-4
1. 15 socks 2. white 3. the probability that the second
Guided Problem Solving 6-8
sock Lola pulls from the drawer is white 4. 3 white socks 1. $1.29 2. $1.12 3. the percent of decrease 4. $1.29 -
3 9. 11 10. 2 amount of change
5. 14 socks 6. 3 7. 14 8. 14 $1.12 5. $.17 6. percent of change =
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
14 15 original amount
7. percent of change = 0.17
1.29
8. 0.132 9. 13.2% 10. 13.2%
Practice 6-5 11. $.17 12. 18%
1. 25% 2. 72% 3. 77.5% 4. 40.3% 5. 256%
6. 167% 7. 5% 8. 0.95 9. 0.0007 10. 0.035
2 Practice 6-9
11. 0.2025 12. 35 13. 20
1 8
14. 25 15. 15 16. 1. $22.40 2. $14.13 3. $.75 4. $9.95 5. $1.75
17. 6. $48.00 7. $125 8. $12.78 9. $26.60 b. $6.65
c. $19.95 d. $5.95 e. 42.5%
Guided Problem Solving 6-5
1. 32 questions 2. 45 questions 3. 70% 4. find out whether
Guided Problem Solving 6-9
1. $25.95 2. 20% 3. $29.50 4. 30% 5. which store has
Jeanette passed the test and justify the answer 5. 32 6. 0.71
45 the lower price and how much lower it is 6. 0.20 7. $5.19
32 < 71%, which is
7. 71% 8. greater than 70% 9. Yes; 45 8. $20.76 9. $20.65 10. Store B; $.11 11. Store A: $20.76;
Store B: $20.65; Store B 12. Tate; $.10
higher than the passing grade of 70%. 10. 13 < 29%; This
45
is less than the 30% incorrect answer rate that would mean a
failing grade. This supports the answer that she passed.
Practice 6-10
19 < 73% which is greater than the 70% yes vote 1. $10,625; $9,031.25; $7,676.56; $6,525.08
11. Yes; 26
2. $115, $110, $105, $100, $95; Levo bought 3 DVDs and
needed to change the quiz day. 3 CDs 3. 13 ways 4. 12 different sundaes 5. 1:00 P.M.
L1 All-In-One Answers Version B Pre-Algebra
69
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version B (continued)
Guided Problem Solving 6-10 2
2 3 simplifies to 3 while 3 2 simplifies to 1.5. 6. The
1. $4 2. $6 3. $26 4. all the possible numbers of adults inequality 2 , 3 states that 2 is less than 3, which is true but
and children in the family 3 , 2 is false since 3 is greater than 2. 7. 3 snacks for
5. Number of Adults Number of Children Total Admission 6 people means that there is one snack for every two people.
$6 Each $4 Each Charge 6 snacks for 3 people means that there are two snacks for
1 1 $10 every person. 8. 1 : 2 can be written 12 and 2 : 1 can be written
1 2 $14 as 2. These are obviously different ratios 9. PQR and
1 3 $18 PRQ are different angles with different vertices.
1 4 $22
1 5 $26
2 1 $16 6D: Visual Vocabulary Practice/High-Use
2 2 $20 Academic Words
2 3 $24 1. ratio 2. unit rate 3. proportion 4. cross products
2 4 $28 5. similar figures 6. scale drawing 7. probability
3 1 $22 8. complements 9. percent
3 2 $26
All rights reserved.
4 1 $28
5 1 $34
6E: Vocabulary Check
Rate: A ratio that compares quantities measured in different
6. 1 adult, 5 children; 3 adults, 2 children 7. $26 units.
8. 1 hand towel, 3 bath towels; 4 hand towels, 1 bath towel Unit rate: A rate that has a denominator of 1.
Commission: Pay that is equal to a percent of sales.
6A: Graphic Organizer Markup: The amount of increase in price.
1. Ratios, Proportions, and Percents 2. Answers may vary. Discount: The amount by which a price is decreased.
Sample: ratios, proportions, similar figures, probability
3. Make a Table 4. Check students’ work. Chapter: Ratios, 6F: Vocabulary Review Puzzle
Proportions, and Percents; Ratios and Unit Rates: simplify
1. proportion 2. outcome 3. discount 4. complement
ratios; Proportions: solve proportions; Similar Figures and
5. percent 6. event 7. rate 8. commission 9. odds
Scale Drawings: solve problems involving similar figures;
10. ratio 12. markup
Probability: find probability and odds; Fractions, Decimals, and
Percents: write percents as fractions and decimals; Proportions E D I S C O U N T M O P E
and Percents: find a percent; Percents and Equations: write M M O E N R T R A M D T R
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
and solve percent equations; Percent of Change: find percent S S R O A N E P M T D N I
of increase; Markup and Discount: find markups; Make a
E C A D R A T E O O S E O
Table: organize work in a table
C I T T P E R C E N T M U
E C I P N O I A E U N E M
6B: Reading Comprehension P P O S O E A T T N T L N
1. writing a proportion and solving it 2. a statement of
E P R O P O R T I O N P E
equality between two ratios 3. The cross products of a
C M S T R N M C P A E M C
proportion are equal. In this proportion, 7 ? 100 is equal to
23 ? c. 4. To isolate the variable, you divide 23c by 23, and O T O U T C O M E R V O O
you must do the same to the other side of the equation. C O M M I S S I O N E C E
5. approximately equal to 6. because the number is rounded C N O V M A R K U P N C O
7. This denotes that the answer has been rounded. R N T T U E U U C P P K T
6C: Reading/Writing Math Symbols Chapter 7
1. The expression 3 - 2 simplifies to 1 while 2 - 3 simplifies
to -1. 2. (2, -3) is an ordered pair showing a point in
Quadrant IV while (-3, 2) describes a point in Quadrant II. Practice 7-1
3. 23 means 2 ? 2 ? 2 which is 8 while 32 means 3 ? 3 which 1. x 5 12 2. m 5 6 3. k 5 15 4. h 5 24
is 9. 4. 3 miles per hour is a rate in which an object travels a 5. k 5 9 6. t 5 18 7. p 5 3 8. k 5 12
distance of 3 miles in one hour. 3 hours per mile is a rate in 9. m 5 21 10. v 5 3 11. x 5 230 12. r 5 4
which an object travels 1 mile in 3 hours 5. The expression 13. 6w 1 46 5 73; w 5 4.5; she earned $4.50 an hour.
14. b ? 134 1 112 5 634 ; b 5 3; you made 3 pans of brownies.
70 Pre-Algebra All-In-One Answers Version B L1
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version B (continued)
Guided Problem Solving 7-1 9. k 5 15 10. t 5 24 11. x 5 7 12. k 5 6
1. w represents number of weeks 2. the number of weeks 13. m 5 4 14. p 5 29 15. 2n 2 (n 2 7) 5 12;
it will take Carmela to save enough to buy the camera n 5 5 16. 3n 2 4 5 2n 1 3; n 5 7
3. 24 4. 15w = 225 5. 15 6. 15 weeks
7. yes; (15 3 15) + 24 = 249 8. 13 weeks Guided Problem Solving 7-5
1. the monthly fee and the per minute charge for local
Practice 7-2 calls charged by each company 2. the number of minutes of
1. p 5 15 2. n 5 10 3. k 5 29 local calls for which the cost of the plans is the same
4. h 5 2 5. n 5 5 6. x 5 29 7. x 5 12 3. 27.95 + 0.12m 4. 12.95 + 0.32m 5. m = 75
8. y 5 30 9. n 1 (n 1 1) 5 33; 16, 17 6. 75 minutes 7. You set the expressions equal because
10. n 1 (n 1 1) 1 (n 1 2) 5 215; 6, 5, 4 they represent the costs of the plans and you want to find the
11. 5h 1 4(h 1 3) 5 66; $6/h number of minutes for which the costs of the plans is equal.
8. 5 DVDs
Guided Problem Solving 7-2
1. m represents the number of marbles Jasmine has Practice 7-6
All rights reserved.
2. the number of marbles Bill has and the number of marbles 1. x # 3,
Jasmine has 3. m and 2m 4. 3m + 4 = 94 5. 3m = 90 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
6. m = 30 7. 30 8. 64 9. 64 marbles 10. 94, yes 2. x $ 2,
11. Jake has 11 rare stamps. Tanya has 32 rare stamps. 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
3. x , 21,
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
Practice 7-3 4. x . 22,
1. n 5 2 2. p 5 2.5 3. k 5 23.5 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
4. h 5 1212 5. n 5 8.4 6. y 5 12 7. m 5 7 5. x , 0,
8. h 5 3 9. w 5 2.4 10. f 5 6.8 11. k 5 9.4 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
12. e 5 237 13. 3x 1 2(x 2 3) 5 91.50; $19.50 6. x . 3 7. x # 5 8. x . 4 9. x , 1
and $16.50 14. 6 15. 100 or 20 10. x , 27 11. x . 245 12. 55h , 385; h , 7;
she drove less than 7 h.
Guided Problem Solving 7-3
1. the original cost of the shoes 2. the amount off the Guided Problem Solving 7-6
original cost of the shoes 3. 3 c = 49.95 4. Find the
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
4 1. the farthest you can go in the taxi for at most $10
reciprocal of 3 and multiply both sides by that number. 5. 4 2. the initial charge, $2; the rate per mile, $1.25, and the tip, $1
4 3 3. 2 + 1.25m + 1, or 3 + 1.25m 4. 3 + 1.25m # 10
6. c = 66.60 7. $66.60 8. The sale price of the shoes is 5. m # 5.6 6. 5.6 miles 7. You cannot spend more than $10,
equal to the original price minus the discount. 9. $79.50 so the cost has to be less than or equal to 10. 8. A taxi ride
of 5.7 miles will cost $10.13, which is more than $10. This
supports the answer that 5.6 miles is the farthest you can go
Practice 7-4 for at most $10. 9. 4 toppings
1. 4p 1 0.16 5 3.32; p 5 0.79; one pear costs $.79.
2. 3.2 1 0.17w 5 5.75; w 5 15; she was 15 weeks old.
3. 6(k 1 3) 5 48; k 5 5 4. c 1 (c 1 1) 5 2.98; Practice 7-7
c 5 0.99; the hamburger costs $1.99 and the fries cost $.99. c
1. p 5 1.06 2. $35 3. $9.99 4. h 5 2A
5. b 5 2A
5. 2 Q 2 1 12 l 1 l R 5 40; l 5 12; the length is 12 and the
b h
6. 6 cm 7. w 5 3V
lh
width is 8.
Guided Problem Solving 7-7
Guided Problem Solving 7-4 1. N is the number of bricks, L is the length of the wall, and
1. $7.50/h 2. $11.25/h 3. the number of overtime hours Lamar H is the height of the wall. 2. Solve the formula for H.
worked last week 4. $339.38 5. how many overtime hours 3. the height of a wall that is 18 feet long and made with
Lamar worked last week 6. 7.5 ? 40 + 11.25 ? n = 339.38 1,134
7. 300 + 11.25n = 339.38 8. 300 9. 11.25 10. 3.5 1,134 bricks 4. 7L 5. H = N 6. H = ,H=9
7L 7(18)
11. 3.5 h 12. 339.38 13. $9/h 7. 9 ft 8. so you could use the formula to find the answer to
part (b) 9. The equation is true for the substituted values,
Practice 7-5 so the answer checks. 10. s = P , 68 feet
4
1. k 5 8 2. e 5 18 3. n 5 11 4. x 5 214
5. h 5 25 6. n 5 1 7. y 5 12 8. x 5 21
L1 All-In-One Answers Version B Pre-Algebra
71
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version B (continued)
Practice 7-8 7E: Vocabulary Check
1. $218.55 2. $3,244.80 3. $135 4. $50.55 5. $60, Principal: The initial amount of an investment or loan.
$1060; $1060; $63.60; $1,123.60; $1,123.60; $67.42; $1191.02 Interest: An amount paid for the use of money.
6. $216, $7,416; $7,416, $222.48, $7,638.48; $7,638.48, $229.15, Interest rate: The percentage of the balance that an account
$7,867.63 or investment earns in a fixed period of time.
Simple interest: Interest paid only on the principal.
Compound interest: Interest paid on both the principal and
Guided Problem Solving 7-8 the interest earned in previous interest periods.
1. $600 2. 3 years 3. 8% annual interest compounded
quarterly 4. the quarterly interest rate 5. the number of
payment periods 6. the balance in the account 7. 2% 7F: Vocabulary Review
8. 12 payment periods 9. B = 600(1 + 0.02)12 10. 760.95 1. Simple interest is interest paid only on the principal, while
11. $760.95 12. 600 13. a. 3% b. 10 payment periods compound interest is interest paid on the principal and on the
c. $671.96 interest the account has earned. 2. Principal is the amount
originally deposited or invested. Interest is the amount that
the principal earns because the institution is paying for use of
7A: Graphic Organizer
All rights reserved.
that money. 3. Consecutive even integers are integers that
1. Solving Equations and Inequalities 2. Answers may vary. you get by starting with an integer that is divisible by two (or
Sample: solving multi-step equations, solving two-step even) and counting by twos. To get consecutive odd integers,
inequalities, transforming formulas, simple and compound you start with an odd integer (not divisible by two) and count
interest 3. Write an Equation 4. Check students’ work. by twos. 4. An equation is a mathematical sentence with an
Chapter: Solving Equations and Inequalities; Solving Two-Step equal sign, and an expression is a mathematical phrase without
Equations: solve two-step equations; Solving Multi-Step an equal sign 5. The interest rate is the percent of interest
Equations: combine like terms; Multi-Step Equations With paid per year, while the interest is the amount of money paid.
Fractions and Decimals: solve equations with fractions; Write 6. A ratio is the quotient of two numbers, while a proportion
an Equation: change the words into math; Solving Equations is the statement that two ratios are equal.
With Variables on Both Sides: solve equations with variables
on both sides; Solving Two-Step Inequalities: solve two-step
inequalities; Transforming Formulas: solve a formula for a Chapter 8
given variable; Simple and Compound Interest: solve simple
interest problems
Practice 8-1
1. y No; a pencil held
7B: Reading Comprehension
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
4 vertically would pass
1. x 2. x = ___ 3. Check that the solution you found makes through both (2, 3)
the equation true. Do this by substituting the value for the 2 and (2, 3).
variable. 4. Distributive Property 5. Commutative Property
of Addition 6. Zero is the Identity Element for Addition.
x
7. division by -5 8. In the last line, the two sides are clearly 4 2 O 2 4
equal. You have answered the Check question. 2
7C: Reading/Writing Math Symbols 4
1. is approximately equal to 2. percent 3. triangle 4. the
probability of 5. is not equal to 6. may or may not be equal 2. y Yes; a pencil held
to (used to test equality) 7. is similar to 8. represents or is 4 vertically would not
proportional to (used to show scale) 9. less than 10. greater pass through any two
than the point that is circled 11. greater than or equal to 2 points.
12. absolute value 13. divide 14. multiply 15. repeating x
decimal 4 2 O 2 4
2
7D: Visual Vocabulary Practice
1. consecutive integers 2. compound inequality 3. area 4
formula 4. perimeter formula 5. two-step inequality
6. proportion 7. variable 8. least common multiple 3. {6, 7, 4, 8}, {1, 6, 0} Yes; there is one range value for
9. inequality each domain value. 4. {7, 9, 4}, {1, 5, 6, 3, 6} No;
there are two range values for the domain value.
72 Pre-Algebra All-In-One Answers Version B L1
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version B (continued)
5. {7.3, 1.7, 3.4}, {2.8, 2.6} Yes; there is one range value for 7. 23x 2 2; y
each domain value. 6. Yes; there is one time for each speed. 4
Guided Problem Solving 8-1 2
1. {(–5, 6), (–2, 3), (3, 3), (4, 6)} 2. Graph the relation x
and explain whether it is a function. 4 2 O 2 4
3. y
(5, 6)
8 (4, 6) 2
4
(2, 3) (3, 3) 4
x
8 4 4 8 8. 2x; y
4 4
8
2
4. the vertical-line test 5. No; the line of the pencil never
All rights reserved.
x
passes through more than one point of the graph. This tells
4 2 O 2 4
you that the relation is a function. 6. Yes; the relation is a
function because no vertical line passes through two points on 2
the graph. 7. Yes; it tells you that the relation is a function.
8. y 4
8
(2, 5)
4 9. no 10. yes 11. no 12. yes
(5, 3)
x
8 4 O
(4,1)
8 Guided Problem Solving 8-2
4 1. the number of miles 2. the amount of time in hours
(1,4)
3. d = 55t 4. about how many hours José spends driving
8 100 mi 5. 100 = 55t 6. 55 7. about 1.8 8. 1.8 h 9. 99 mi
10. $97.50
Yes; the relation is a function because it passes the vertical-
line test.
Practice 8-3
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
2
Practice 8-2 1. 5 2. undefined 3. 0 4. 2 18
1. 5x 2 4 2. 12x 1 1 3. 4x 1 7 4. 2x 1 2
3 5. y 5 5x 2 6, 5, 6 6. y 5 2 72x 1 5, 2 72, 5
5. 4
y 7. 0 8. 3 9. y
4 4
2 2
x x
4 2 O 2 4 4 2 O 2 4
2 2
4 4
6. y 10. y
4 4
2 2
x x
4 2 O 2 4 4 2 O 2 4
2 2
4 4
L1 All-In-One Answers Version B Pre-Algebra
73
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version B (continued)
Guided Problem Solving 8-3 3. 6
1. the slope of the line 2. (-5, 2), (1, 0), (-2, 1), and (4, -1) 5
Shipped (millions)
difference in y-coordinates
Units of LPs
3. slope 5 difference in x-coordinates 4. Sample: 4
022 5. 22 6. 2 31 7. 2 31 8. 32
1 2 (25) 6 3
2
Practice 8-4
1. y 5 254 x 1 2 2. y 5 2x 2 4 3. f(x) 5 26x 1
4. f(x) 5 x 2 7 5. f(x) 5 2x 1 1 0
z
6. f(x) 5 12 x 1 6 7. p(z) 5 12 8. s(c) 5 1.45c
2
03
04
05
199
200
200
200
20
20
20
Guided Problem Solving 8-4 Year
1. perimeter 2. the length of one side of a square 4. positive correlation 5. negative correlation
6. no correlation
All rights reserved.
3. Write a rule to express p(s) as a function of s.
4. Use the function from part (a) to find the perimeter of a
square with side length 7 cm. 5. Perimeter is the distance Guided Problem Solving 8-5
around a figure. 6. four 7. p(s) = 4s 8. p(7) = (4)(7) 1. Make a scatter plot for calories and grams of protein using
9. 28 10. 28 cm 11. 28 cm 12. a(s) = s2; 16 cm2 the data in the table. 2. calories 3. grams of protein
4–5.
Practice 8-5 35
Grams of Protein
1. 30
2,000
25
Units of CDs Shipped
20
1,600 15
10
(millions)
1,200 5
800 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600
Calories
6–7. Grams of Protein and Calories
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
400
35
0
Grams of Protein
30
99
00
01
02
03
04
05
19
20
20
20
20
20
20
25
20
Year
15
2. 250 10
5
Shipped (millions)
Units of Cassetes
200 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600
Calories
150
8. 100
100 90
80
Minutes Studied
70
50
Number of
60
50
0 40
99
00
01
02
03
04
05
30
19
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
Year 10
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Score on Test
74 Pre-Algebra All-In-One Answers Version B L1
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version B (continued)
Practice 8-6 4. 10 Answers may vary.
9
8
1–2.
Gallons Bought
Giraffe Height 7
6
y 5
4
3
2
1
18
O 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Dollars Spent
Height (ft)
14
5. Answers may vary. Sample: 8.4 6. Answers may vary.
10 Sample: 8.4 gallons 7. Answers may vary. Sample: 8.1.
8. $2.00
$1.80
Cost of Phone Call
6 $1.60
$1.40
$1.20 Answers may vary.
$1.00
2 x $0.80
Sample: $1.30
$0.60
2 4 6 8 10
All rights reserved.
0 $0.40
$0.20
Age (yrs) O 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Length of Call (min)
3
3. y 5 2x 1 1 4.a. 10 ft b. 812 yrs
5–6. Whale Weight
Practice 8-7
y 1. yes 2. yes
3. (1, 3); y
5000 4
4000 2
Weight (lb)
x
3000 4 2 O 2 4
2000 2
1000 4
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
x 4. (1, 1); y
0 1 2 3 4 5 4
Age (yrs)
2
7. y 5 600x 1 100 8.a. 1,900 lb b. 112yrs
x
9. Sample answer is shown: No; the whale will not continue
to gain weight indefinitely.
4 2 O 2 4
2
Guided Problem Solving 8-6
4
1. dollars spent, gallons bought 2. the number of gallons
bought for $15
5. x 1 y 5 3; x 2 y 5 1; (2, 1); 2 and 1
3. 10
9 y
8 4
Gallons Bought
7
6
5
4 2
3
2 x
1
O
4 2 O 2 4
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Dollars Spent
2
4
L1 All-In-One Answers Version B Pre-Algebra
75
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version B (continued)
Guided Problem Solving 8-7 4. y
1. 11 animals 2. 38 legs 3. the number of chickens 4
4. the number of cows 5. Find how many of each kind of
animal is in the barnyard. 6. 2 legs; 4 legs 7. 2x 8. 4y 2
9. 2x + 4y = 38 10. x + y = 11 x
11. y
4 2 O 2 4
8 2x 4y 38
2
4
x y 11
8 4 O 4 8
x
4
4
8 5. y
4
12. (3, 8) 13. 3 chickens and 8 cows 14. Yes.
15. There are 5 bicycles and 2 cars. 2
x
All rights reserved.
Practice 8-8 4 2 O 2 4
1. y 2
4
4
2
x 6. y
4 2 O 2 4 4
2 2
4 x
4 2 O 2 4
2. y 2
4
4
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
2
x 7. yes 8. no
4 2 O 2 4
2 Guided Problem Solving 8-8
1. One number is greater than or equal to three times
4 another number. 2. Find all such pairs of numbers. Graph
a linear inequality to show all of the solutions. 3. y $ 3x
3. 4. y = 3x
y
4 5. 4
y
2
2 x
4 2 O 2 4
x
4 2 O 2 4 4
2
6. true
4
7. Sample: True for (0, 2). Shade the region containing (0, 2).
y
4
2
x
4 2 O 2 4
4
76 Pre-Algebra All-In-One Answers Version B L1
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version B (continued)
8. Sample: False for (2, 0). This supports 8F: Vocabulary Review Puzzle
your shading of the other region.
ACROSS
9. y 2x + 3 1. range 2. solution 5. trend 6. domain 7. negative
y
DOWN
4
1. relation 3. function 4. positive
2
4 2 O
2
2 4
x
Chapter 9
4
Practice 9-1
1. JN, JK, HI, HL 2. LN, IK, OM 3. LM, KJ,
8A: Graphic Organizer IM, NO 4. W, X, Y, Z, V 5. VW, VY, WY, ZV,
) ) ) ) ) * )* )
1. Linear Functions and Graphing 2. Answers may vary. VX, ZX 6. VW , VY , VX , VZ , ZX 7. ZV , WV ,
* )* )* )* )* )
Sample: slope and y-intercept, rules for linear functions, VY , VX , ZX , WY , ZX
scatter plots, graphing linear inequalities 3. Solve by 8. 4a 1 6 5 6a 2 4, 5, 20, 26
All rights reserved.
Graphing 4. Check students’ work. Chapter: Linear
Functions and Graphing; Relations and Functions: graph Guided Problem Solving 9-1
relations and functions; Equations With Two Variables: graph
linear equations with two variables; Slope and y-intercept: find
1. Tell whether each pair of streets is parallel or intersecting.
the slope of a line; Writing Rules for Linear Functions: write
2. Two lines are intersecting if they share exactly one point.
a function rule; Scatter Plots: draw scatter plots; Solve by
3. Two lines that do not intersect are parallel. 4. yes;
intersecting 5. b. intersecting; c. parallel; d. parallel;
Graphing: draw a trend line; Solving Systems of Linear
Equations: solve systems of equations; Graphing Linear
e. intersecting 6. No; the streets may extend beyond the
map. Some streets do not actually intersect on the map shown
Inequalities: graph linear inequalities
but would intersect if they were extended (for example, N.W.
Highway and Main Street). 7. a. intersecting; b. parallel;
8B: Reading Comprehension c. intersecting
1. x 2. y 3. arrows on the ends 4. (0, 3) 5. (6, 0)
6. (-2, 4) 7. a. Practice 9-2
1. 56° 2. 56 3. 34° 4. 124 5. 5x 2 5 5 90
8C: Reading/Writing Math Symbols 6. x 5 19 7. 43 8. 47 9. 5x 2 18 5 4x 1 7
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1. These symbols show a relation consisting of the three 10. x 5 25 11. 107 12. 62, 118 13. 126, 54
ordered pairs (2, 3), (2, 4), and (4, 3). 2. These symbols show
a function (or a relation) consisting of the four ordered pairs Guided Problem Solving 9-2
(0, 1), (1, 2), (2, 2), and (3, 4). 3. The arrowheads mean that
the line extends forever in both directions. 4. f of x or
1. It is given that a is parallel to b. The measures of two angles
are also represented. 2. the measures of /1 and /2
function of x; f(x) represents the output of a function and is
sometimes used in place of y in a function rule. 5. the slope
3. a transversal 4. /1 and /2 are corresponding angles.
of the line 6. the y-intercept of the line
5. They are corresponding angles. 6. Corresponding angles
are congruent. 7. 4n = n + 90 8. 30 9. 120, 120
10. They are supplementary. 11. You can subtract 120 from
8D: Visual Vocabulary Practice 180 to find the measure of /1. 12. They are supplementary.
1. linear equation 2. slope 3. slope-intercept form 13. You can subtract 120 from 180 to find the measure of /2.
4. function notation 5. scatter plot 6. positive correlation 14. m/1 = 60 and m/2 = 60 15. 4n + 60 = 180; 30
7. negative correlation 8. trend line 9. linear inequality 16. m/1 = 110º and m/2 = 70º
8E: Vocabulary Check Practice 9-3
Domain: The set of first coordinates of the ordered pairs of 1. rectangle, square 2. parallelogram, rectangle, rhombus,
the relation. square 3. trapezoid, parallelogram, rectangle, rhombus,
Range: The set of second coordinates of the ordered pairs of square 4. obtuse scalene 5. acute equilateral
a relation. 6. right scalene 7. obtuse isosceles 8. 12x, 60 cm
Function: A relationship in which each member of the 9. 4x, 12 yd 10. 2x 1 2y, 24 m
domain is paired with exactly one member of the range.
Slope: A ratio that describes the tilt of a line.
Correlation: A relation between two sets of data.
L1 All-In-One Answers Version B Pre-Algebra
77
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version B (continued)
Guided Problem Solving 9-3 6. Voter Preference for Senator
1. pentagonal-shaped 2. 921 ft 3. Write a formula for the
Andre
perimeter of a regular pentagon in terms of the length of a 5%
side and use it to find the perimeter of the Pentagon. Marcus
4. 5 5. P = 5x 6. P = 5(921) 7. 4,605 ft 8. 4,605 ft 10%
9. P = 6x; 48 ft
Anna
Practice 9-4 40%
1. 2 2. square, rectangle, isosceles trapezoid
n(n 2 3) Marcella Jonah
3. 3, 0, 0; 4, 1, 2; 5, 2, 5; 6, 3, 9; 8, 5, 20; n, n 2 3, 2 15% 30%
4. She is 3 miles west of the bus garage.
7. 750 8. 101.74 m 9. 49.61 cm
Guided Problem Solving 9-4 10. 4.71 km 11. 25.12 ft
1. 25 students 2. 10 students 3. 12 students 4. 5 students
Guided Problem Solving 9-6
All rights reserved.
5. the number of students in the math class who are mlembers
of neither math club nor band 1. The data show how a group of students travel to school
6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 each day. 2. Draw a circle graph for the data.
7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 55 , 80 , 110 , 40 , 15
3. 300 students 4. 300
8. 8 students 9. 8 students 300 300 300 300
10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 5. Walk 66º, Bicycle 96º, Bus 132º, Car 48º, Other 18º
6.
Bus
132°
Bike Other
96° 18°
Car
Walk 48°
Soccer Science Club 66°
5 students
7. Yes; the sizes of the sections of the circle graph match the
sizes of the groups from largest to smallest.
Practice 9-5 8.
1. ZX 2. BC 3. /C 4. /Y 5. BA
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
Math
Science
6. /A 7. 70 8. 65 9. /I > /K, IJ > KJ, 86°
58°
/HJI > /LJK, nHIJ > nLJK, ASA
10. LM > LO, NM > NO, LN > LN, Reading
Art
101°
nLMN > nLON, SSS 11. EW 12. /T 72°
13. /WEB 14. PH 15. ASA; x 5 24, y 5 30, History
43°
z 5 97
Guided Problem Solving 9-5 Practice 9-7
1. List the congruent corresponding parts of the two 1. 2. 3.
triangles and write a congruence statement for the triangles. R S
N
2. KM > JM, ML > ML 3. /KML > /JML
4. nKML > nJML 5. Side-Angle-Side, or SAS
6. Check students’ work. 7. /DCE > /BCA, CD > CB, 4. K
/EDC > /ABC; nABC > nEDC by ASA L
5.
H
Practice 9-6
1. 144 2. 108 3. 54 4. 36 5. 18 M N
6.
I J
M
S T
78 Pre-Algebra All-In-One Answers Version B L1
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version B (continued)
7. Practice 9-9
1. y 2. 4
y
4
K
A A L
X 2 2
J
B x B
x
4 2 O 2 4
4 2 OM 2 4
W Y 2
2 M
4 J
L
Guided
h
Problem Solving 9-7 C C
4
K
1. YN 2. 55º 3. the measure of /XYZ A (2, 2), B (5, 0), J (2, 3), K (2, 5),
4. C (3, 5) L (4, 4) M (0, 2)
X N
3. 4.
Y Z
5. It divides the angle into two congruent angles.
All rights reserved.
6. 55º 7. 110º 8. 55º 9. 8 mm
Practice 9-8 5. no 6. yes
1. (x 1 2, y 1 2) 2. (x 1 5, y 1 2)
3. (x, y 1 3) 4. (x 2 2, y 2 2)
5. G` y
Guided Problem Solving 9-9
H
4 1. Graph nWXY. 2. y = 2
2
3. 4
y 4. 4
y
J G` x 2 2 y=2
4 2 O 2 4 Y(5, 0) X(0, 0) x Y X x
2 H` 4 2 O 2 4 4 2 O 2 4
W(1, 1) W
2 2
4 J`
4 4
6. (x 2 7, y 1 3)
5. W
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
y
4
Guided Problem Solving 9-8 Y
2
X
y=2
1. (2, 5) 2. 2 units to the right and 6 units up Y X x
3. 4 units to the left and 1 unit down 4. the coordinates of 4 2 O 2 4
W
the image of T9 2
5. 12
y 6. 12
y T (4, 11) 4
8 8 6. Check students’ work.
4
T(2, 5)
4
T(2, 5)
7. 4
y
8 4 O 4 8x 8 4 O 4 8x 2
K
4 4 J L x
4 2 O 2 4
2 y=2
7. 12
y T (4, 11)
J L
4
(0, 10)
8 K
4
T(2, 5)
8 4 O 4 8x
4
8. (0, 10) 9. (2 units left, 5 units up) 10. (0, 10) 11. (3, 6)
L1 All-In-One Answers Version B Pre-Algebra
79
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version B (continued)
Practice 9-10 terms and a set of statements about those terms, called
postulates or axioms, form the basis for new terms and
1. no 2. yes; 180 3. yes; 90
statements, called theorems, that are proved by the logical
4. 5. T
y S
process of deduction. 4. plane and solid
C y A 4
4 U
2
C
2 9C: Reading/Writing Math Symbols
x x
A
4
B B
2 O 2 4 4 O 2 4
1. /P > /Q 2. nMAN > nDOG 3. MA > DO
2 2
4. P (1, -3) S P'(2, 1) 5. C = pd
U 6. 7. 8.
4 4
S
T
A (5, 1), B (1, 1), S (3, 4), T (1, 5)
C (1, 4), U (3, 3),
9.–14. C U R
Guided Problem Solving 9-10
All rights reserved.
1. (0, 0), (2, 5), and (1, -5) 2. 90º 3. 180º 4. (1, 1) T A F
5. Graph the triangle and its image after a rotation of 90º
and after a rotation of 180º about the (1, 1).
6. W(2, 5) 9D: Visual Vocabulary Practice/High-Use
y
4 Academic Words
2 1. Adjacent angle 2. Vertical angle 3. Congruent angle
V(0, 0)
4. Supplementary angle 5. Complementary angle
4 2 O 2 4x
2
6. Alternate interior angle 7. Acute angle 8. Right angle
9. Obtuse angle
4
X(1, 5)
9E: Vocabulary Check
7. The y-axis of the graph on the tracing paper will line up Circle: The set of all points in a plane that are equidistant
with the x-axis of the original graph, and vice versa. from a given point, called the center.
8. y X W 9. y X W Radius: A segment that has one endpoint at the center of the
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
4 4 circle and the other endpoint on the circle.
W 2 2 V Diameter: A chord that passes through the center of the
X V
circle.
4 2 O V 2 4x 4 2 O V 2 4x Circumference: The distance around a circle.
2 2 Chord: A segment whose endpoints are on the circle.
W X
9F: Vocabulary Review
10. C(1, 5) C
1.
y y A
4 4
A
C
2 D
B A A B A
4 2 O B(0, 0) 4x 4 2 O B 2 4x 70° ABD and DBC
2 2
20° are complementary
4 4
B C
angles.
C
2. Line is parallel to
9A: Graphic Organizer m line m.
1. Spatial Thinking 2. Answers may vary. Sample: points,
lines, and planes; angles and parallel lines; polygons, rotations
3. Draw a Diagram 4. Check students’ work. 3. p Line p is
perpendicular
to line t.
9B: Reading Comprehension t
1. the definition, history, and kinds of geometry 2. measuring
the earth, measuring pieces of land, astronomy, navigation
3. Stated assumptions, which consist of a set of undefined
80 Pre-Algebra All-In-One Answers Version B L1
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version B (continued)
4. 1 and 2 are Practice 10-2
1 2 vertical angles. 1. 522 cm2 2. 975 in.2 3. 87.5 in.2
4. 95 cm2 5. 504 m2 6. 231 in.2 7. 108 in.2
5.
t
Line t is a transversal 8. 459 cm2 9. 75 ft2 10. 144 m2
of lines a and b.
Guided Problem Solving 10-2
1. 50 in.2 2. 5 in. and 15 in. 3. the height of the trapezoid
4. A 5 21 h (b1 1 b2) 5. 50 5 21 h (5 1 15) 6. 50 5 10h
a 7. 10 8. 5 in. 9. 50 in.2 10. 4 cm
Practice 10-3
b
1. 25p m2, 78.5 m2 2. 121p cm2, 379.9 cm2
6. W XYW and WYZ 3. 784p km2, 2,461.8 km2 4. 64p cm2, 201.0 cm2
are supplementary 5. 4p mi2, 12.6 mi2 6. p in.2, 3.1 in.2 7. 121.1 m2
All rights reserved.
angles. 8. 22.0 in.2 9. 21.5 ft2 10. 99.9 cm2
120° 60°
X Y Z Guided Problem Solving 10-3
1. 1 m 2. 4 m 3. Tell which has greater area, the four circles
with radius 1 m or the one circle with radius 4 m. 4. A=pr2
5. p m2 6. 4p m2 7. 16p m2 8. The circle with radius 4 m
Chapter 10 has greater area because the four circles have a total area of
4p m2, but the circle with radius 4 m has an area of 16p m2.
Practice 10-1 9. Answers may vary. Sample: Yes; the 4 smaller circles fit in
1. 504 ft2 2. 117 m2 the area of the larger circle. 10. Two circles each with radius
3. 3,850 ft2 4. 1,275 m2 3 cm have a greater area. The total area of the two circles is
5. 6 units2 18p cm2 and the total area of three circles each with radius
y
4 2 cm is 12p cm2.
R S
2 Practice 10-4
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x 1. square prism 2. square pyramid 3. The bases are
4 2 O
P 2Q 4 rectangles. rectangular prism 4. The base is a pentagon.
pentagonal pyramid 5. The base is a circle. cone 6. The
2 bases are hexagons. hexagonal prism 7. The bases are
triangles. triangular prism 8. The base is a rectangle.
4 rectangular pyramid
6. 20 units2 y
4 Guided Problem Solving 10-4
J K 1. a rectangular prism and a rectangular pyramid 2. Tell how
2 you can match each net with its name. 3. two; rectangular
4. 4; rectangular 5. rectangular 6. 4; triangular 7. Answers
x may vary. Sample: It will have two rectangular bases with four
4 2 O 2 4 rectangular faces attached to them. 8. Answers may vary.
2 Sample: It will have a rectangle for a base with four trianglular
M L faces attached to it. 9. Sample: The net for a rectangular
4 prism has two rectangular bases with four rectangular faces
attached to them. The net for a rectangular pyramid will have
one rectangular base with four triangular faces attached to it.
10. Check students’ work. 11. The net for the triangular
Guided Problem Solving 10-1 prism will include rectangles, and the net for the triangular
1. Find the area of the figure. 2. 7 m 3. 4 m 4. A = bh pyramid will be made entirely of triangles.
5. 28 m2 6. / = 3 m, w = 2 m 7. 6 m2 8. 22 9. 22 m2
10. 22 m2 11. 20 m2
L1 All-In-One Answers Version B Pre-Algebra
81
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version B (continued)
Practice 10-5 7. Length Width Area (ft2) Perimeter
1. 500 in.2 2. 9,470.2 cm2 3. 3,330 ft2 4. 1,092 in.2 90 10 900 200 ft
5.a. $38 b. $1,260 c. $1,890 d. $3,188 80 20 1,600 200 ft
70 30 2,100 200 ft
60 40 2,400 200 ft
Guided Problem Solving 10-5 50 50 2,500 200 ft
1. 20 ft 2. 30 ft 3. cylindrical
40 60 2,400 200 ft
4. the area of the top and lateral surface of the water tank
30 70 2,100 200 ft
5. 20 ft
8. 50 ft by 50 ft 9. Answers may vary. Sample: You will know
the dimensions give the greatest area when the area values in
30 ft the table start getting smaller as you continue to decrease the
length and increase the width. 10. 25 ft by 25 ft
6. L.A. = 2prh 7. 3,768 ft2 8. B = pr2 9. 1,256 ft2 Practice 10-9
10. 5,024 ft2 11. 1,200p; 400p; 1,600p; 5,024 ft2 1. 3,052 ft3 2. 1,728 in.3 3. 1,272 in.3 4. 5,572 cm3
All rights reserved.
12. 4,474 ft2 5. 324 in.3 6. 1,005 cm3 7. 7,234.56 in.3, 4,186.67 in.3,
2,143.57 in.3, 13,564.8 in.3
Practice 10-6
1. 283 cm2 2. 39 in.2 3. 1,017 ft2 4. 204 in.2 Guided Problem Solving 10-9
5. 553 ft2 6. 2,520 m2 7. 7,693 cm2 1. 5 in. 2. 1.25 in. 3. how much frozen yogurt can be
packed into the cone 4. V 5 1 Bh 5. B = pr2
3
Guided Problem Solving 10-6 6. V = 13 (3.14)(1.25)2(5) 7. about 8.2 8. about 8.2 in.3
1. 3 ft 2. 8 ft 3. the surface area of the cone 9. You can think of the volume of an object as how much of
4. something it will hold. Since you want to find how much frozen
yogurt the cone can hold inside, you find its volume.
8 ft 10. 9.4 in.3
10A: Graphic Organizer
3 ft 1. Area and Volume 2. Answers may vary. Sample: area,
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
space figures, surface area, volume 3. Make a Model
5. L.A. = p(3)(8) 6. 75.36 ft2 7. B = p(3)2 8. 28.26 ft2 4. Check students’ work.
9. about 104 ft2 10. 103.62 ft2 11. 81.64 m2
10B: Reading Comprehension
Practice 10-7 1. triangle 2. triangle 3. trapezoid 4. right angle 5. right
1. 628 m3 2. 1,408 cm3 3. 726 in.3 4. 480 ft3 angle 6. 9 cm 7. 4 cm 8. 6 cm 9. 4 cm 10. 15 cm
5. 336 in.3 6. 11,078 in.3 7. 74 ft3 8. 2,197 m3 11. square centimeters 12. 30 cm2
9. 8,139 m3 10. 192 ft3
10C: Reading/Writing Math Symbols
Guided Problem Solving 10-7 1. A 2. b 3. B 4. ft2 5. b1 + b2 6. C 7. r 8. p
1. 24 in. by 12 in. by 3 in. 2. the volume of the storage box 9. In b2, the 2 is an exponent that means to use the base, b,
to the nearest cubic centimeter 3. 60.96 cm by 30.48 cm by as a factor 2 times. In b1 + b2, the 2 is a subscript and means
7.62 cm 4. V = Bh 5. 1,858 cm2 6. V = (1,858)(7.62) “the second base.” 10. You can eliminate B and D because
7. 14,158 cm3 8. 14,161 cm3 9. 10,488 cm3 these responses are not in ft2.
Practice 10-8 10D: Visual Vocabulary Practice
1.a. Answers may vary. b. parallelograms 1. surface area of a prism or cylinder 2. volume 3. pyramid
2.a. Answers may vary. b. Lincoln is upright. 4. cylinder 5. volume of a cone or pyramid 6. prism
3. 222 cm2 7. sphere 8. surface area 9. volume of a sphere
Guided Problem Solving 10-8 10E: Vocabulary Check
1. 200 ft of fencing 2. rectangular 3. Tell the dimensions the Prism: A space figure with two parallel and congruent
dog owner should use to enclose the greatest rectangular area polygonal faces, called bases, and lateral faces that are
with the fencing. 4. P = 2/ 3 2w 5. 200 ft 6. A = /w parallelograms.
82 Pre-Algebra All-In-One Answers Version B L1
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version B (continued)
Pyramid: A space figure with triangular faces that meet at a 4.
vertex, and a base that is a polygon. house
Cylinder: A space figure with two circular, parallel, and
congruent bases.
Cone: A space figure with one circular base and one vertex. 11 ft
Sphere: The set of points in space that are a given distance x ft ladder
from a point, called a center.
10F: Vocabulary Review 3 ft ground
1. vertex 2. base 3.
5. a2 + b2 = c2 6. a2 + 32 = 112 7. a2 + 9 = 121
lateral
surface
lateral
surface
8. a2 = 112 9. 10.6 10. about 10.6 ft 11. 11 ft
base base 12.
4. base 5. vertex
20 ft
16 ft
All rights reserved.
lateral
surface lateral
surface
base 12 ft
base
6. Answers may vary. Sample: Practice 11-3
1. 4.5, (3, 8) 2. 5.4, Q 6, 212 R 3. 13, Q 212 , 6 R
4. 11.7, (1, 2) 5. 5, Q 12 , 3 R 6. 16.5 7. 23.8
Guided Problem Solving 11-3
Chapter 11 1. (3, 5) 2. (-6, 1) 3. the coordinates of B
b 5. 1
x1 1 x2 y1 1 y2 x 1 x2
4. Ma 2
,
2 2
6. 3
Practice 11-1
x 1x 26 1 x2
1. 4 2. 5 3. 3 4. 10 5. 7 6. 6 7. 5 8. 30 7. 1 2 2 = 3 8. = 3 9. 12
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
2
9. -10 10. 0.5 11. 94 12. 35 13. Rational
14. Irrational 15. Irrational 16. Rational 17. 6,6 y 1y y 1y 11y
10. 1 2 2 11. 5 12. 1 2 2 = 5 13. 2 2 = 5
18. 8, -8 19. about 4 mi 20. 18 mi
14. 9 15. (12, 9) 16. (3, 5) 17. (0, 4)
Guided Problem Solving 11-1
1. 81 cm2 2. the length of a side of the square Practice 11-4
3. s = !81 4. 9 5. 9 cm 6. 81 cm2 7. 11 cm Sample proportions are shown. 1. 17 x
5 28, 4.25 m
x 1 9
x
2. 60 5 32 x 49
48 , 40 in. 3. 12 5 21 , 28 ft 4. 5 20
15 , 3 cm
Practice 11-2 3
9
5 x8 ; $12.72
1. yes, 52 1 42 0 ( !41) 2, 25 1 16 0 41, 41=41
5. 4.77
2. no, 82 1 92 0 102, 64 1 81 0 100, 145 2 100,
3. yes, 282 1 452 0 532, 784 1 2,025 0 2,809, Guided Problem Solving 11-4
2,809 = 2,809 4. no, 62 1 !102 0 72, 1. 2 2. They are right triangles that are similar.
36 1 10 0 49, 46 2 49, 5. 8 cm 6. 5 ft 7. 5.7 m 3. The two legs of the smaller triangle are 4 yd and 6 yd.
4. The two legs of the large triangle are x yd and 7 yd.
8. 11 m 9. 4.5 m 10. 40.5 in. 11. 17.0 cm 12. 41.7 ft
5. the distance x across a piece of land 6. 47 5 x6
Guided Problem Solving 11-2 7. 4x = 42 8. 4 9. 10.5 yd 10. Sample:
The cross products are equal, which proves that your answer is
1. 11 ft; hypotenuse 2. 3 ft; a leg 3. how high on the house correct. 11. 11.2 m
the ladder reaches; a leg
L1 All-In-One Answers Version B Pre-Algebra
83
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version B (continued)
Practice 11-5 5.
1. 7 !3, 14 2. 10, 10 !3 3. 4, 8 4. 8, 8!2 43°
5. 3.2, 3.2 !2 6. 5, 5 7. 45-45-90; 8. Neither 9. 7 2,000 ft
10. 7 11. 3.5 !2 12. 3.5 !6 d
Guided Problem Solving 11-5
6,000 ft
1. square-shaped 2. string a rope diagonally across her
square classroom for her students to hang their completed art 4,000 ft
projects 3. 20 ft 4. the minimum length of rope she can use
5. 20 ft
20 ft d 20 ft
2,000
6. 2,000 ft 7. sine 8. sin 43º = d
9. d sin 43º = 2,000
20 ft 2,000
10. d = sin 43º 11. about 2,932.6 ft 12. about 2,932.6 ft
All rights reserved.
6. They are 90º right angles. 7. a 45º-45º-90º triangle 13. about 1,059.2 ft
8. hypotenuse = leg ? !2 9. d = 20 !2, d = 28.28
10. about 28.3 ft 11. 28.3 ft 12. 14.14 ft
11A: Graphic Organizer
1. Right Triangles in Algebra 2. Answers may vary. Sample:
Practice 11-6 square roots, the Pythagorean Theorem, special right
7 24
1. 0.9397 2. 0.1405 3. 0.6561 4. 0.6018 5. 25 6. 25 triangles, angles of elevation and depression 3. Write a
7
7. 24 24
8. 25 9. 34 10. 45 11. 53 12. 43 13. !3
1 1
14. !2 Proportion 4. Check students’ work. Chapter: Right Triangles
!3 in Algebra; Square Roots and Irrational Numbers: find square
15. 2 16. 1 17. 1,368 ft roots of numbers; The Pythagorean Theorem: use the
Pythagorean Theorem; Distance and Midpoint Formulas: find
Guided Problem Solving 11-6 the distance between two points; Write a Proportion: write a
1. 30º 2. 5,000 feet 3. how far the balloon travels to reach proportion; Special Right Triangles: use the relationships in
5,000 feet 4. special triangles; Sine, Cosine, and Tangent Ratios: find
x trigonometric ratios; Angles of Elevation and Depression: find
5,000 ft angles of elevation and depression
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
30º
5,000 11B: Reading Comprehension
5. sine 6. sin 30º = x 7. x(sin 30º) = 5,000 1. the distance between any two points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) 2. the
5,000 coordinates of the two points, or values for x1, y1, x2, y2
8. x = sin 30º 9. 10,000 10. 10,000 ft 11. 30º
3. subtraction 4. The small 2 in x2 is a subscript naming the x in
12. the second point; it does not affect the value of x. The small 2
that is written after the parentheses is an exponent that means to
pole cable = 17.4 ft find the product when the value in the parentheses is used as a
factor two times. 5. 4 6. 3 7. 16 8. 9 9. 25 10. 5 11. d = 5
55 12. No; the value of d if you found the square root of (x2 - x1)2
10 ft and of (y2 - y1)2 before you added would be 4 + 3 or 7.
Practice 11-7 11C: Reading/Writing Math Symbols
1. 14.3 mi 2. 85.7 m 3. 57.9 ft 4. 93.4 ft 1. a. -9 b. 9 2. a. 2.2 b. -2.2 3. a. 4 b. 4
5. about 17 m 6. about 28 yd 4. a. 25 b. 11 5. a. "26 b. 6 6. 7 7. , since pi is
only approximately equal to 3.14
Guided Problem Solving 11-7
1. 6,000 ft 2. 43º 3. 4,000 ft 4. the distance from the first 11D: Visual Vocabulary Practice
helicopter to the second along the line of sight 1. legs 2. hypotenuse 3. Pythagorean theorem 4. distance
5. midpoint 6. sine 7. cosine 8. tangent 9. right triangle
84 Pre-Algebra All-In-One Answers Version B L1
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version B (continued)
11E: Vocabulary Check 3.–4. Games in the World Series, 1970–2002
Number of Games Tally Frequency
Square root: A number that when multiplied by itself equals
the given number. 0 1
Irrational number: A number whose decimal form neither 1 0
terminates nor repeats. 2 0
Trigonometry: A branch of mathematics involving triangle
measures. 3 0
Angle of elevation: An angle formed by a horizontal line 4 6
and a line of sight above it. 5 6
Angle of depression: An angle formed by a horizontal line 6 9
and a line of sight below it.
7 13
11F: Vocabulary Review Puzzle 5. 7 games 6. 199 games
7. Number of Hours Per Week Angela Practiced
1. PERFECT SQUARE 2. HYPOTENUSE
3. TANGENT 4. LEGS 5. ADJACENT Number of Hours Tally Frequency
6. DEPRESSION 7. TRIGONOMETRIC 0 4
All rights reserved.
8. SQUARE ROOT 9. COSINE 1 3
10. TRIGONOMETRY 11. ELEVATION 12. SINE
2 5
3 9
Chapter 12 4 7
5 7
Practice 12-1 The mode is 3 hours per week.
1. Number 1 2 3 4 5 6
Practice 12-2
Frequency 2 3 3 3 3 2
1. 55 miles, 15 miles 2. 35 miles 3. 75%
2. 5 ✗ ✗ 4. 6 runners
✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ 5.
✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ 10 15 20 25 30
1 2 3 4 5 6
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
6.
3. 4 0 5 10 15
8
Frequency
6 7.
4 3
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
2
2
1
2 1st Set
0
2nd Set
1 2 3 4 5
Number
4. Pupils per
Guided Problem Solving 12-2
14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 1. the ages of U.S. Olympic soccer team players, both men and
Teacher
women 2. Use the same number line to make two box-and-
Frequency 6 7 10 13 4 4 4 0 whisker plots. 3. Compare the two box-and-whisker plots
and draw conclusions. 4. 20, 20, 21, 21, 21, 21, 22, 22, 22, 22,
22 23 24 22, 22, 22, 22, 23, 23, 26, 26; 22; 21 and 22 5. 18, 19, 20, 21, 23,
23, 24, 24, 24, 25, 27, 27, 28, 30, 31, 31; 24; 22 and 27.5
0 0 2 6. Ages of U.S. Olympic Soccer Team Players
5. 10 pupils per teacher 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34
7.–8. Ages of U.S. Olympic Soccer Team Players
Guided Problem Solving 12-1 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34
1. the number of World Series games played in each World Men
Series from 1970–2004 2. Make a frequency table and use it
Women
to find the mode.
L1 All-In-One Answers Version B Pre-Algebra
85
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version B (continued)
9. Answers may vary. Sample: The men are all from 20 to 26 7. U.S. Union Membership
years old and half of them are aged 21 or 22. The women’s 20
Union Members (millions)
ages are much more spread out, ranging from 18 to 31. The 18
median age for women is two years greater than the median 16
age for men. 10. Sample: You can find which team’s (men’s 14
or women’s) players are older and which team’s players are 12
younger. You can find which team’s ages have a greater range.
10
You can also find which team has the youngest and oldest player.
8
11. a.
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 6
4
men
2
women
0
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
b. Answers may vary. Sample: The median age of the women
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
is two years younger than the men. The ages of the women are Year
more spread out than those of the men.
8. The horizontal scales are different.
All rights reserved.
Practice 12-3 Guided Problem Solving 12-3
1. chocolate 2. no 3. the break in the vertical axis
1. The average annual costs of college for 1980–1981, 1990–1991,
4. Favorite Flavors of Ice Cream and 2000–2001. 2. Draw a line graph that gives the impression
45 that college costs gradually increased from 1980 to 2001.
40 6.
Votes for Flavors
Average Annual Tuition
35 and Fees for
30 Four-Year Public Colleges
25
$6,000
20 $5,000
Costs
15 $4,000
10 $3,000
$2,000
0 $1,000
Vanilla Chocolate Strawberry 0
1980–1981
1990–1991
2000–2001
Flavors
5. The differences seem much less.
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
6. U.S. Union Membership
20
Union Members (millions)
Year
18
7. Answers may vary. Sample: You can make the costs of
16
college appear to rise gradually by labeling the vertical axis
14
with large intervals and making the spacing on the horizontal
12
axis greater.
10
8. Number of Students
8 in Sports
6
4 y
Number of Students
240
2
0 220
19 0
40
19 0
60
19 0
80
90
3
7
19
19
19
19
200
Year
180
x
O 1990– 1994– 1998–
1991 1995 1999
Year
86 Pre-Algebra All-In-One Answers Version B L1
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version B (continued)
Practice 12-4 Practice 12-7
1. m1A, m1B, m1C, m2A, m2B, m2C, m3A, m3B, m3C, m4A, 1. 40% 2. 26.7% 3. 20% 4. 13.3% 5. 53.3%
1
m4B, m4C 2. 31 3. 12 4. 6 choices; AM, AN, BM, BN, 6. 73.3% 7. 13% 8. 53% 9. 27% 10. 7% 11. 67%
CM, CN 5. 140 routes 6. 468 combinations 12. 33% 13. 31 14. 23
Guided Problem Solving 12-4 Guided Problem Solving 12-7
1. toss a coin and roll a number cube 2. the probability of 1. the results of a game with a number cube played several
tossing tails and rolling an even number times by two players, A and B 2. Find P(A wins) and
P(B wins); Decide whether the game they played is a fair
3. P(event) 5 number of favorable outcomes
number of possible outcomes game. 3. 29 times; 52 times 4. 81 times 5. 29 ; 52
4. heads tails 81 81
6. Player B has a much greater chance of winning than player
A. 7. It is probably not a fair game because B is winning far
more often than A. 8. Answers may vary. Sample:
1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 Experimental probability uses actual results from playing the
All rights reserved.
game. There is no information given about the game, so you
cannot calculate the theoretical probability.
5. 3 6. 12 7. 41 8. 14 9. 12 10. 16 48 , 45 ; Yes, the game appears to be fair. Both players R
9. 93 93
and S seem to have the same chance of winning.
Practice 12-5
1. 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 1 Practice 12-8
5 2. 10 3. 4 4. 8 5. 4 6. 32 7. 11 8. 11 1. 210 students 2. 192 students 3. 240 students
5 1 1
9. 33 10. 11 11. Dependent 6. Independent 13. 81 4. 264 students 5. The views of people coming out of a
1 preschool may not represent the views of other voters. This
14. 72
is not a good sample because it is not random. 6. The city
telephone book may cover more than one school district. It
Guided Problem Solving 12-5 would also include people who do not vote. This is not a good
1. 12 orange drinks, 4 grape drinks, and 25 apple drinks sample because it does not represent the population.
2. Ann; Mark 3. the probability that Ann gets an apple drink 7. This is a good sample. It is selected at random from the
and Mark gets a grape drink, if they get drinks at random population you want to study.
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4. 41 drinks 5. 2541
4 , or 1 8. Dependent;
6. 40 7. 40 10
when Ann takes a drink it changes the possible outcomes for Guided Problem Solving 12-8
Mark’s drink. 9. 5 10. Answers will vary. Sample: Ann 1. 75 pairs of jeans 2. 7 pairs of jeans 3. how many of
82
getting an apple drink before Mark affects the number of 24,000 pairs of jeans are flawed 4. 7 5. n
75 24,000
drinks in the refrigerator for Mark to get his drink from, but 7 5 n
6. 75 7. 7(24,000) = 75n 8. 75 9. 2,240 pairs
ot the number of grape drinks in the refrigerator. 11. 3 24,000
28 of jeans 10. Answers may vary. Sample: You will know your
answer is correct if the cross products from the proportion are
Practice 12-6 equal. 11. 273 students
1. 42 2. 21 3. 3,024 4. 3 5.a. 24 b. 120 c. 24
d. 15 6. 10 7. 30 8. 120 9. 360 10. 720 11. 720
Practice 12-9
1. 3 2.a. December 13 b. 17 3. Sample answers are
Guided Problem Solving 12-6 1
shown. a. 10 1
b. 15 1
c. 25
1. 13 books 2. how many ways you could select three of
Louisa May Alcott’s books 3. No; you can select the three
books in any order. 4. combination 5. 3 books 6. 13 Guided Problem Solving 12-9
P 1. 13 students 2. 6 students 3. Find the theoretical
7. 13C3 5 13P 3 8. 133 ?? 12 ? 11 9. 286 ways
2?1 probability that a student chosen at random from those going
3 3
10. Answers may vary. Sample: In a permutation, the order on the field trip is not going in the van. 4. 13 students
of the objects is important. In a combination, the order of the 5. 7 students 6. 13 7 7. 6 8. The sum of the probability
13
objects does not matter. This problem is a combination
of an event and the probability of the event’s complement is 1.
because it does not matter in which order you choose the
three books. 11. 495 ways Since 6 1 7 , it is likely that my answer is correct. 9. 13
13 13 17
L1 All-In-One Answers Version B Pre-Algebra
87
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version B (continued)
12A: Graphic Organizer Chapter 13
1. Data Analysis and Probability 2. Answers may vary.
Sample: frequency table, box-and-whisker plots, permutations
and combinations, random samples 3. Simulate the Problem Practice 13-1
4. Reading for Problem Solving 5. Answering True/ False 1. 32, 64, 128; geometric; Start with 2 and multiply by 2
Questions 6. Answers may vary. Sample: biology, botany, repeatedly. 2. 27, 33, 39; arithmetic; Start with 3 and add
medical science, quality control 7. Check students’ work. 6 repeatedly. 3. 20, 10, 5; geometric; Start with 320 and
multiply by 12 repeatedly. 4. 10, 5, 0; arithmetic; Start with 30
12B: Reading Comprehension and add 5 repeatedly. 5. 32; 64; 128; geometric; Start
with 2 and multiply by 2 repeatedly. 6. 25, 36, 49; neither
1. a description of two kinds of statistical data 2. discrete
7. 3 8. 2.8 9. 4 10. 14
and continuous 3. discrete 4. discrete 5. continuous
6. discrete 7. continuous 8. yes 9. yes
Guided Problem Solving 13-1
12C: Reading/Writing Math Symbols 1. Find the next three terms in the sequence and write a rule
1. the least value 2. the greatest value 3. the lower quartile to describe the sequence. 2. a common ratio 3. 4 is the
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4. the median or middle quartile 5. the upper quartile common ratio 4. 256; 1,024; 4,096 5. Start with 1 and
6. 21 7. 41 8. 41 9. 14 10. 14 11. They are the same. multiply by 4 repeatedly. 6. 1 7. 14, 17, 20; start with 2 and
add 3 repeatedly.
12D: Visual Vocabulary Practice
1. frequency table 2. line plot 3. histogram 4. box-and-
Practice 13-2
whisker plot 5. stem-and-leaf plot 6. bar graph 7. line 1. y 5 u 22 u 2 1 5 1; (2, 1);
graph 8. circle graph 9. tree diagram y 5 u 21 u 2 1 5 0; (1, 0);
y 5 u 0 u 2 1 5 21; (0, 1);
y 5 u 1 u 2 1 5 0; (1, 0);
12E: Vocabulary Check y 5 u 2 u 2 1 5 1; (2, 1)
Theoretical probability: P(E) = number of favorable y
outcomes /number of possible outcomes when outcomes are 4
equally likely.
Independent events: Two events if the occurrence of one 2
event does not affect the probability of the occurrence of the
other.
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Dependent events: Two events for which the occurrence of 4 2 O 2 4x
one event affects the probability of the occurrence of the other.
Simulation: A model used to find experimental probability.
2
Experimental probability: P(E) = number of times an
event occurs/number of times experiment is done 4
2. y 5 (22) 2 5 4; (2, 4);
12F: Vocabulary Review Puzzle y 5 (21) 2 5 1; (1, 1);
y 5 (0) 2 5 0; (0, 0);
E D E P E N D E N T F U N
y 5 (1) 2 5 1; (1, 1);
P O P U L A T I O N R M O
y 5 (2) 2 5 4; (2, 4);
E E N P O Q R S U P E O I
y
A T U N P U A U I E Q S T 4
N U M D E A N L D U U D A
S U D L L R G N M M E T L 2
N A N A G T E N E A N I U
M T O E O I P Q U I C E M 4 2 O 2 4x
N A P O E L U E R L Y O I 2
E T S F E E R A N D O M S
N L N D S A M P L E P U D 4
3. y 5 2(22) 2 1 2 5 22; (2, 2);
y 5 2(21) 2 1 2 5 1; (1, 1);
88 Pre-Algebra All-In-One Answers Version B L1
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version B (continued)
y 5 2 02 1 2 5 2; (0, 2); y
U shape
y 5 2 (1) 2 1 2 5 1; (1, 1); 12
y 5 2 (2) 2 1 2 5 22; (2, 2); 8
y y = 2x2x
4
4 x
4 2 O 2 4
2
Practice 13-3
4 2 O 2 4x
1. 13 ; Q 0, 13 R ; 1; (1, 1); 3; (2, 3); 9; (3, 9); 27; (4, 27)
2
y
30
4
24
4. y 5 22 u 22 u 5 24; (2, 4);
22 u 21 u 5 22; (1, 2);
All rights reserved.
y 5
18
y 5 22 u 0 u 5 0; (0, 0);
y 5 22 u 1 u 5 22; (1, 2);
12
y 5 22 u 2 u 5 24; (2, 4);
y 6
4
x
2 O 2 4 6 8 10
2. 52 ; Q 0, 52 R ; 5; (1, 5); 10; (2, 10); 20 (3, 20); 40; (4, 40)
4 2 O 2 4x
y
2 50
4 40
30
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
Guided Problem Solving 13-2
1. state the shape of the graph 2. -2, -1, 0, 1, 2 20
3. absolute value 4. V shape
5. x y 5 212 ux u (x, y) 10
–2 -1 (-2, -1)
–1 -12 (–1, -21 )
x
O 2 4 6 8 10
0 0 (0, 0)
1 -12 (1, -21 )
3. yes 4. no 5. yes 6. no 7. yes 8. no
2 -1 (2, -12 )
Guided Problem Solving 13-3
6. 2
y 7. Answers will vary. 1. 10 bacteria cells 2. The number of bacteria cells doubles
1 every hour. 3. y = 10(2)x 4. Make a table of integer values
O x and graph the function. 5. y = 10(2)0; y = 10; 20; 40; 80
2 1 1 2 6. x 10(2)x y (x, y)
1
0 10(2)0 10 (0, 10)
1 10(2)1 20 (1, 20)
2
2 10(2)2 40 (2, 40)
3 10(2)3 80 (3, 80)
8. x y 5 2x2 2 x (x, y) y
80
–2 10 (-2, 10)
–1 3 (–1, 3) 60
0 0 (0, 0) 40
1 1 (1, 1)
20 x
2 6 (2, 6)
1 O 1 2 3
L1 All-In-One Answers Version B Pre-Algebra
89
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version B (continued)
7. 20; 40; 80 7. 2x2 1 9x 1 4 8. x2 2 10x 1 16
8. 80
y 9. 9k2 1 24k 1 16 10. m2 2 7m 1 12
60
11. y2 2 13y 1 42 12. x2 2 100
40
13. x2 2 7x 2 30 14 x2 2 8x 1 15
15. x2 1 8x 1 15 16. 6h2 1 23h 1 20
20
4 2 O 2 4x Guided Problem Solving 13-7
1. 5c + 3 2. 2c + 4 3. the area of the rectangle
4. A = /w 5. A = (5c + 3)(2c + 4)
Practice 13-4 6. 5c(2c + 4) + 3(2c + 4) 7. 10c2 + 20c + 6c + 12
1. 3 2. 4 3. 7 4. 0 5. 23 6. 87 7. 550 8. 171 8. 10c2 + 26c + 12 9. 10c2 + 26c + 12
9. 252 diagonals 10. 170 m 11. monomial 12. binomial 10. 10c2 + 26c + 12 11. 12x2 + 14x + 2
13. binomial 14. trinomial 15. monomial 16. binomial
Practice 13-8
Guided Problem Solving 13-4 1. 16 2. 3 and 2 3. 2 ft by 2 ft 4. 5 in. by
1. the height, in feet, that a tossed ball reaches in t seconds
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5 in. 5. 6 in., 8 in., 10 in.
2. seconds 3. the height of the ball at one second or the
maximum height the ball reaches 4. -16(1)2 + 32(1) + 4 Guided Problem Solving 13-8
5. 20 6. 20 ft 7. should be 16 ft; 16 ft; Yes, because both 1. 50 ft by 100 ft 2. 25 ft by 50 ft 3. the area of the lawn
values are less than the value for t = 1. 8. 16 ft
4. Diagrams may vary.
Sample:
Practice 13-5
1. 5a + 5 2. 3c - 4 3. 5t2 - t + 2
4. 5x2 2 4x 2 1 5. 2n2 - n + 6
6. 23x3 2 x2 2 8x 2 1
7. 9x3 1 3x2 1 7x 2 2 8. 23x2y2 2 3xy 2 9y2
5. 5,000 ft2 6. 1,250 ft2 7. 5,000 - 1,250 8. 3,750 ft2
9. 4m2 1 5m 2 5 10. 24n 1 2 9. 50(100 - 25); 3,750 ft2 10. Sample: It does not matter
where on the lot the house goes because its dimensions and its
Guided Problem Solving 13-5 area will remain the same. 11. 6,946.1 cm2
1. Write an expression for the sum of three consecutive
numbers. 2. the first number 3. the three consecutive
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integers that have the sum 108 4. Answers may vary. Sample: 13A: Graphic Organizer
4, 5, 6 5. x + 1 6. x + 2 7. x + (x + 1) + (x + 2) 1. Nonlinear Functions and Polynomials 2. Answers may
8. 3x + 3 9. 3x + 3 = 108 10. 35 11. 36, 37 12. 35, 36, 37 vary. Sample: patterns and sequences, exponential growth and
13. 108 14. 3x + 6; 7, 9, and 11 decay, polynomials, combining polynomials 3. Use Multiple
Strategies 4. Check students’ work.
Practice 13-6
1. 12x2 2 20x 2. 24x2 1 8x
13B: Reading Comprehension
1. the equations and graphs of some types of nonlinear
3. 2 xy3 2 6x2y2 1 4x3y2 4. 12x2y2 1 12xy functions 2. three 3. the equation and the graph 4. One
5. 26ab2 1 3a4b 6. 24a3 1 4a2b 2 12a2c variable is squared. 5. The x is an exponent. 6. They open
7. x(12x 2 6y) ; 12x2 2 6xy upward or downward and both have a vertical line of symmetry.
8. 12 (2ab) (a 1 b) ; a2b 1 ab2 9. 3(x 1 y)
10. 10(a 2 b) 11. 4(x3 1 y2) 12. 9(a 1 b 1 c) 13C: Reading/Writing Math Symbols
1. y = x2 + 4 2. |-3| = -(-3) 3. y = -|x|
Guided Problem Solving 13-6 4. f(x) = |x| 5. y = (x + 4)2 6. |x|2 = x2 7. |p| $ p
1. 50 meters 2. the width of one lane 3. the area of a pool 8. x , |x| if x , 0 9. if 0 , b , 1, then b1 . b
with five lanes 4. 5x 5. A = /w 6. A = 50(5x) 7. 250x 10. -2 |x| # 0 11. 0 , a , 10 12. 2 , b # 5
8. 250x m2 9. 5x 10. 400x ft2
13D: Visual Vocabulary Practice
Practice 13-7 1. arithmetic sequence 2. geometric sequence 3. quadratic
1. x2 1 7x 1 12 2. x2 1 6x 1 8 function 4. absolute value 5. exponential growth
3. x2 1 13x 1 42 4. x2 1 9x 1 18 6. exponential decay 7. mononomial 8. binomial
9. trinomial
5. x2 2 3x 2 10 6. x2 1 8x 2 9
90 Pre-Algebra All-In-One Answers Version B L1
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version B (continued)
13E: Vocabulary Check 13F: Vocabulary Review
Sequence: A set of numbers that follow a pattern. 1. A monomial has one term, while a binomial has two.
Arithmetic sequence: A sequence of numbers in which 2. A trinomial has exactly three terms. A polynomial has any
each term after the first is the result of adding a fixed number, number of terms. 3. A linear function has a graph that is a
called a common difference, to the previous number. line. A quadratic function has a graph that is a parabola.
Geometric sequence: A sequence of numbers in which 4. In an arithmetic sequence, you find each term by adding to
each term after the first is the result of multiplying the the previous term. In a geometric sequence, you find each
previous term by a fixed number, called the common ratio. term by multiplying the previous term. 5. The difference
Quadratic function: A function based on squaring the input between two consecutive terms in an arithmetic sequence is
variable. The graph is a parabola. the common difference. The ratio of two consecutive terms in
Absolute value function: A function with a graph that is a geometric sequence is the common ratio. 6. A factor is one
V-shaped and opens up or down. of the numbers or variables multiplied to form a product.
A term is a real number, a variable, or the product of two or
more real numbers or variable factors.
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L1 All-In-One Answers Version B Pre-Algebra
91
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version B
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 1-1 Variables and Expressions Quick Check .
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Algebra 1. Identify each expression as a numerical expression or a variable expression.
For a variable expression, name the variable.
1 Identify variables, numerical Topic: Variables, Expressions, and Operations
expressions, and variable expressions
a. 8 x b. 100 6 c. d 43 9
2 Write variable expressions for word Local Standards: ____________________________________ variable expression; numerical expression variable expression;
phrases x is the variable. d is the variable.
Vocabulary.
A variable is a letter that stands for a number.
2. a. Bagels cost $.50 each. Write a variable expression for the cost of
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All rights reserved.
A variable expression is a mathematical phrase that uses variables, numerals, b bagels.
and operation symbols. 0.50b
variable S m d miles on 10 gallons
variable expression S m 10 d miles per gallon
b. Measurement Write a variable expression for the number of hours in
Examples. m minutes.
1 Identifying Expressions Identify each expression as a numerical expression m
60
or a variable expression.
a. 7 3
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
numerical expression
b. 4t 3. Write a variable expression for each word phrase.
variable expression
All rights reserved.
t is the variable. Word Phrase Variable Expression
Nine more than a number y y9
2 Writing Variable Expressions Write a variable expression for the cost 4 less than a number n n4
in cents of p pens priced at 29¢ each.
A number z times three z 3 or 3z or 3(z)
Words 29¢ times number of pens a
A number a divided by 12 a 12 or 12
Let p = number of pens.
Expression 29 ? p
The variable expression 29 p describes the cost of p pens.
2 Pre-Algebra Lesson 1-1 Daily Notetaking Guide L1 L1 Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 1-1
3
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 1-2 The Order of Operations Example.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Number Properties and Operations 3 Simplifying With Grouping Symbols Simplify 20 3[(5 2) 1].
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1 Use the order of operations Topic: Properties of Number and Operations 20 35 2 1
2 Use grouping symbols Local Standards: ____________________________________
20 3 7 1 Add within parentheses.
Key Concepts. 20 3 6 Subtract within brackets.
Order of Operations
20 18 Multiply.
1. Work inside grouping symbols.
All rights reserved.
All rights reserved.
2. Multiply and divide in order from left to right.
2 Subtract.
3. Add and subtract in order from left to right.
Quick Check.
Examples.
2. Simplify each expression.
1 Simplifying Expressions Simplify 8 2 2. a. 4 1 ? 2 6 3
82 ? 2
4
8 4 First multiply.
Then subtract.
4
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
b. 5 6 4 3 1
2 Using the Order of Operations Simplify 12 3 1 2 1. 12
12 3 1 ? 2 1
4 2 1 Multiply and divide from left to right.
3. Simplify each expression.
2 1 Add and subtract from left to right. a. 2[(13 4) 3]
6
3 Add.
Quick Check.
1. Simplify each expression.
b. 1 10 2 2
4
a. 2 5 3 b. 12 3 1 c. 10 1 ? 7
3
17 3 3
4 Pre-Algebra Lesson 1-2 Daily Notetaking Guide L1 L1 Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 1-2
5
L1 All-In-One Answers Version B Pre-Algebra
1
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version B (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 1-3 Writing and Evaluating Expressions Examples.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Algebra 3 The Omelet Café buys cartons of 36 eggs.
1 Evaluate variable expressions Topic: Variables, Expressions, and Operations a. Write a variable expression for the number of cartons the café should
2
buy for x eggs.
Solve problems by evaluating Local Standards: ____________________________________
expressions x
An expression for x eggs is 36 .
b. Evaluate the expression for 180 eggs.
Vocabulary. 180
x
36
Evaluate for x 180.
36
To evaluate an expression is to replace each variable in an expression with a number,
5 Divide.
and then follow the order of operations.
All rights reserved.
All rights reserved.
The Omelet Café should buy 5 cartons to get 180 eggs.
Examples. 4 The One Pizza restaurant makes only one kind of pizza, which costs $16.
The delivery charge is $2. Write a variable expression for the cost of having
1 Evaluating a Variable Expression Evaluate 18 2g for g 3.
pizzas delivered. Evaluate the expression to find the cost of having five
18 2g 18 2( 3 ) Replace the variable. pizzas delivered.
18 6 Multiply.
Table Number of Pizzas Cost of Pizza Delivery Total Cost
24 Add. 1 1 ? 16 2 1 16 2
2 Replacing More Than One Variable Evaluate 2ab 3c for a 3, b 4, and c 9. 2 2 ? 16 2 2 16 2
4 4 ? 16 2 4 16 2
9
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
2ab 3c 2 ? 3 ? 4 3 Replace the variables.
Expression 16 ? p 2
2 ? 3 ? 4 3 Work within grouping symbols.
Evaluate the expression for p 5.
? 4 3
All rights reserved.
6 Multiply from left to right. 16 ? p 2 16 ? 5 2
24 3 Multiply. 80 2
21 Subtract. 82
It costs $82 to have five pizzas delivered.
Quick Check.
1. Evaluate each expression.
Quick Check.
a. 63 5x, for x 7 b. 6(g h), for g 8 and h 7
2. The Omelet Café pays $21 for each case of bottled water. Write a variable
28 90 expression for the cost of c cases. Evaluate the expression to find the cost
of 5 cases.
21c; $105
r 1 s, for r 13 and s 11
c. 2xy z, for x 4, y 3, and z 1 d. 2
23 12
6 Pre-Algebra Lesson 1-3 Daily Notetaking Guide L1 L1 Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 1-3
7
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 1-4 Integers and Absolute Value Examples.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Number Properties and Operations 2 Graphing on a Number Line Graph 2, 2, and 3 on a number line.
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1 Represent, graph, and order integers Topic: Number Sense Compare the numbers and order the numbers from least to greatest.
2 Find opposites and absolute values
Local Standards: ____________________________________
2 is 2 units to the left of 0.
3 is 3 units to the left of 0. 2 is 2 units to the right of 0.
Vocabulary.
Opposites are numbers that are the same distance from zero on a number line
but in opposite directions.
6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
All rights reserved.
Integers are the whole numbers and their opposites.
All rights reserved.
3 is to the left of 2, and 2 is to the left of 2, so 3 R 2 R 2 .
An absolute value is a number’s distance from zero on the number line. The numbers from least to greatest are 3 , 2 , 2 .
3 Finding Absolute Value Use a number line to find |5| and |5|.
Example. 5 units from 0 5 units from 0
1 Representing Negative Numbers Write a number to represent the
temperature shown by the thermometer.
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
5°C
5 5 5 5
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
0
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
5°C Quick Check.
2. Graph 0, 2, and 6 on a number line. Compare the numbers and order them
The thermometer shows 3 degrees Celsius below zero, or 3°C . from least to greatest.
6 4 2 0 2 4
Quick Check.
1. Temperature Seawater freezes at about 28°F, or about 2 degrees Celsius 6 is to the left of the 0 and 0 is to the left of 2, so 6 * 0 * 2
below zero. Write a number to represent the Celsius temperature.
2 The numbers from least to greatest are 6 , 0 , 2 .
3. Find |10|.
10
8 Pre-Algebra Lesson 1-4 Daily Notetaking Guide L1 9
L1 Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 1-4
2 Pre-Algebra All-In-One Answers Version B L1
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version B (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 1-5 Adding Integers Examples.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Number Properties and Operations
2 Using a Number Line From the surface, a diver goes down 20 feet and
1
then comes back up 4 feet. Find 20 4 to find where the diver is.
Use models to add integers Topic: Number Operations
2 Use rules to add integers Start at 0. To represent 20, move
Local Standards: ____________________________________ 20
left units. To add positive 4,
20 16 12 8 4 0 move right 4 units to 16 .
Key Concepts.
20 4 16
Addition of Opposites
The diver is 16 feet below the surface.
The sum of an integer and its opposite is zero .
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All rights reserved.
Arithmetic Algebra
3 Using the Order of Operations Find 7 (4) 13 (5).
1 (1) 0 x (x) 0
7 4 13 5 Add from left to right.
1 1 0 x x 0
11 13 5 The sum of the two negative integers is negative .
Adding Integers
13 11 2 . Since 13 has the greater
Same Sign The sum of two positive integers is positive . The sum of two 2 5
absolute value, the sum is positive .
negative integers is negative .
3 5 2 3 . Since 5 has the greater
Different Signs To add two integers with different signs, find the difference
absolute value, the sum is negative .
of their absolute values . The sum has the sign of the integer with the
7 (4) 13 (5) 3 .
greater absolute value.
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
Quick Check.
Example. 2. Use this number line to find each sum.
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1 Using Tiles to Add Integers Use tiles to find (7) 3.
Model the sum. -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10
a. 2 (6) b. 4 9 c. 5 (1)
Group and remove zero pairs. 4 5 6
There are four negative tiles left.
3. Use the order of operations to find each sum.
(7) 3 4
a. 1 (3) 2 (10) b. 250 200 (100) 220
Quick Check. 10 70
1. Use tiles to find each sum.
a. 1 4 b. 7 (3) c. 2 (2)
3 4 4
10 Pre-Algebra Lesson 1-5 Daily Notetaking Guide L1 L1 Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 1-5
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Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 1-6 Subtracting Integers Example.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Number Properties and Operations 3 Using a Rule to Subtract Integers An airplane left Houston, Texas, where
the temperature was 42°F. When the airplane landed in Anchorage, Alaska,
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1 Use models to subtract integers Topic: Number Operations
2 Use a rule to subtract integers the temperature was 50°F lower. What was the temperature in Anchorage?
Local Standards: ____________________________________
42 50 Write an expression.
42 50 42 ( 50 ) To subtract 50, add its opposite .
Key Concepts. 8 Simplify.
The temperature in Anchorage was 8°F .
Subtracting Integers
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All rights reserved.
To subtract an integer, add its opposite .
Quick Check.
Arithmetic Algebra
1. Use tiles to find each difference.
2 5 2 ( 5 ) 3 a b a ( b ) a. 7 (2) b. 4 (3) c. 8 (5)
2 ( 5 )257 a ( b )ab
7 (2) 5 4 (3) 1 8 (5) 3
Examples.
2. Use zero pairs to find each difference.
1 Using Tiles to Subtract Integers Find 7 (5). a. 4 8 b. 3 9
Start with 7 negative tiles.
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
Take away 5 negative tiles. There
are 2 negative tiles left.
7 (5) 2
48 4 39 6
2 Using Zero Pairs to Subtract Integers Find 2 8.
Start with 2 positive tiles. 3. Weather The lowest temperature ever recorded on the moon was about
170°C. The lowest temperature ever recorded in Antarctica
There are not enough positive tiles to take
was 89°C. Find the difference in the temperatures.
away 8. Add 6 zero pairs.
81°C
Take away 8 positive tiles. There are
6 negative tiles left.
28 6
12 Pre-Algebra Lesson 1-6 Daily Notetaking Guide L1 L1 Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 1-6
13
L1 All-In-One Answers Version B Pre-Algebra
3
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version B (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 1-7 Inductive Reasoning Examples.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Algebra 3 Extending a Pattern Write a rule for the number pattern 110, 100, 90, 80,….
1 Write rules for patterns Topic: Patterns, Relations, and Functions Find the next two numbers in the pattern.
2 Make predictions and test conjectures Local Standards: ____________________________________
110, 100, 90, 80, The first number is 110.
10 10 10 The next numbers are found by subtracting 10.
Vocabulary. The rule is Start with 110 and subtract 10 repeatedly. The next two
numbers in the pattern are 80 10 70 and 70 10 60 .
Inductive reasoning is making conclusions based on patterns you observe.
A conjecture is a conclusion you reach by inductive reasoning. 4 Analyzing Conjectures Is the conjecture correct or incorrect? If it is
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All rights reserved.
A counterexample is an example that proves a statement false. incorrect, give a counterexample.
Every triangle has three sides of equal length.
Examples. The conjecture is incorrect . The figure to the right is a triangle but
1 Reasoning Inductively Use inductive reasoning. Make a conjecture about it does not have three sides of equal length.
the next figure in the pattern. Then draw the figure.
Quick Check.
1. Make a conjecture about the next figure in the pattern at the right.
Then draw the figure.
The next figure will be a six-sided figure with all
vertices on a circle.
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
Observation: The circles are rotating counterclockwise within
the square. 2. Write a rule for each pattern.
Conjecture: The next figure will have a shaded circle at the a. 4, 9, 14, 19, … Start with 4 and add 5 repeatedly.
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top right . b. 3, 9, 27, 81, … Start with 3 and multiply by 3 repeatedly.
3. Write a rule for the pattern 1, 3, 5, 7, …. Find the next two numbers in the
2 Writing Rules for Patterns Write a rule for each number pattern. pattern.
a. 0, 4, 8, 12, … Start with 0 and subtract 4 repeatedly. Start with 1 and then add 2 repeatedly; 9, 11.
b. 4, 4, 4, 4, … Alternate 4 and its opposite . 4. Is each conjecture correct or incorrect? If it is incorrect, give a counterexample.
multiplying by 2 a. A number and its absolute value are always opposites.
c. 1, 2, 4, 8, 10,… Start with 1 . Alternate
Incorrect; 8 and |8| are not opposites.
and adding 2 .
b. The next figure in the pattern has 25 dots.
correct
1 4 9 16
14 Pre-Algebra Lesson 1-7 Daily Notetaking Guide L1 L1 Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 1-7
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Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 1-8 Look for a Pattern Quick Check.
Lesson Objective NAEP 2005 Strand: Algebra 1. Suppose that the committee is made up of six people. How many
handshakes would there be?
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1 Find number patterns Topic: Patterns, Relations, and Function
Local Standards: ____________________________________ 15
Example.
1 Each student on a committee of five students shakes hands with every other
committee member. How many handshakes will there be in all?
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All rights reserved.
Understand the Problem How many hands does each committee member shake?
4
Make and Carry Out a Plan Make a table to organize the numbers. Then look for
a pattern. 2. a. Information News spreads quickly at Riverdell High. Each student who
hears a story repeats it 15 minutes later to two students who have not
The pattern is to add the number of new handshakes to the number of heard it yet, and then tells no one else. Suppose one student hears some
handshakes already made. news at 8:00 A.M. How many students will know the news at 9:00 A.M.?
4 the number of handshakes by 1 student 1
123
4 3 7 the number of handshakes by 2 students 347
7 8 15
Make a table to extend the pattern to 5 students. 15 16 31;
31 students
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
Student 1 2 3 4 5
Number of original 4 3 2 1 0
handshakes
Total number of
handshakes 4 4 3 7 7 2 9 9 1 10 10 0 10
b. Suppose each student who hears the story repeats it in 10 minutes. How
There will be 10 handshakes in all. many students will know the news at 9:00 A.M.?
1
Check the Answer One way to check a solution is to solve the problem by 123
347
another method. You can use a diagram to show the pattern visually. 7 8 15
1 15 16 31
31 32 63
63 64 127;
2 5 127 students
3 4
There are 10 diagonals in the pentagon, so there will be 10 handshakes in all.
16 Pre-Algebra Lesson 1-8 Daily Notetaking Guide L1 L1 Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 1-8
17
4 Pre-Algebra All-In-One Answers Version B L1
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version B (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 1-9 Multiplying and Dividing Integers Examples.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Number Properties and Operations 2 Using Rules to Multiply Integers Multiply (6)(2)(3).
1 Multiply integers using repeated Topic: Number Operations Multiply from left to right. The product of
addition, patterns, and rules 6(2)(3) ( 12 )(3) a positive integer and a negative integer
Local Standards: ____________________________________ is negative .
2 Divide integers using rules
Multiply. The product of two negative integers
36
is positive .
Key Concepts.
3 Find the average of 7, 5, 6, and 8.
Multiplying Integers 27 1 (26) 1 (28) 1 5
Write an expression for the average.
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All rights reserved.
The product of two integers with the same sign is positive . 4
The product of two integers with different signs is negative . 16 Use the order of operations.
The fraction bar acts as a symbol.
The product of zero and any integer is zero . 4 grouping
The quotient of a negative integer and a
4
Examples 3(4) 12 3(4) 12 positive integer is negative .
3(4) 12 3(4) 12
The average is 4 .
3(0) 0 4(0) 0
Quick Check.
Dividing Integers
1. Patterns Use a pattern to simplify 3(4).
The quotient of two integers with the same sign is positive .
12
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
The quotient of two integers with different signs is negative .
Remember that division by zero is undefined .
2. Simplify each product.
12 3 12 (3)
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Examples 4 4
a. 4(3) 12 b. 4 8 (2) 64 c. 7 (14) 0 0
12 (3) 4 12 3 4
3. Simplify each quotient.
a. 32 8 4 b. 48 (6) 8 c. 56 (4) 14
Example.
4. Find the average of 4, 3, 5, 2, and 8.
1 Using Patterns to Multiply Integers Use a pattern to find each product.
2
a. 2(7) b. 2(7)
2(7) 14 d Start with products you know. S 2(7) 14
1(7) 7 1(7) 7
0(7) 0 0(7) 0
1(7) 7 d Continue the pattern. S 1(7) 7
2(7) 14 2(7) 14
18 Pre-Algebra Lesson 1-9 Daily Notetaking Guide L1 L1 Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 1-9
19
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 1-10 The Coordinate Plane Examples.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Algebra 1 Naming Coordinates and Quadrants Write the coordinates y
of point G. In which quadrant is point G located? 4
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1 Topic: Algebraic Representations F
Name coordinates and quadrants in
the coordinate plane 2
Local Standards: ____________________________________ Point G is located 2 units to the left of the y-axis. So the
2 Graph points in the coordinate plane x
x-coordinate is 2 . The point is 3 units below the x-axis. 4 2 O 2 4
So the y-coordinate is 3 . 2
Vocabulary.
G E
A coordinate plane is formed by the intersection of two number lines. The coordinates of point G are ( 2 , 3 ). Point G is 4
located in Quadrant III .
The x-axis is the horizontal number line.
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All rights reserved.
The y-axis is the vertical number line. 2 Graphing Points Graph point M(3, 3).
Step 1
Quadrants are the four areas divided by the x- and y-axes. Start at the y
origin. M 4
The origin is where the axes intersect on the coordinate plane. 2
Step 2 x
An ordered pair is a pair of numbers that gives the coordinates and location of a point.
4 2 O 2 4 Step 3
Move 3 units
Move 3 units up.
An x-coordinate is a number that shows the position right or left of the y-axis. 2
to the left . Draw a dot.
4 Label it M .
A y-coordinate is a number that shows the position above or below the x-axis.
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
y
5
Quick Check.
1. a. Use the graph in Example 1. Write the coordinates of E and F.
4
(2, 3), (3, 3)
Quadrant II Quadrant I
y -axis
3
b. Identify the quadrants in which E and F are located.
2 Quadrant IV; Quadrant I
x -axis
1
( 0 , 0 ) 2. Graph these points on one coordinate plane: K(3, 1), L(2, 1), and
x M(2, 4).
5 4 3 2 1 O 1 2 3 4 5
y
1 4
O is the 2 L
2 K
origin
origin, , Quadrant III Quadrant IV
3 4 2 O 2 4x
where
the axes (
P 5 , 4 ) 4 2
intersect.
5 M 4
20 Pre-Algebra Lesson 1-10 Daily Notetaking Guide L1 L1 Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 1-10
21
L1 All-In-One Answers Version B Pre-Algebra
5
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version B (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 2-1 Properties of Numbers
Examples.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Number Properties and Operations 2 Using Mental Math With Addition Suppose you buy school supplies
1 Identify properties of addition and Topic: Properties of Number and Operations costing $.45, $.65, and $1.55. Use mental math to find the cost of these
multiplication supplies.
Local Standards: ____________________________________
2 Use properties to solve problems 0.45 0.65 1.55
0.65 0.45 1.55 Use the Commutative Property of Addition.
Key Concepts.
0.65 (0.45 1.55) Use the Associative Property of Addition.
Properties of Addition and Multiplication 0.65 2.00 Add within parentheses.
Commutative Properties of Addition and Multiplication Changing the 2.65
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All rights reserved.
Add.
order of the values you are adding or multiplying does not change the The cost of the school supplies is $2.65 .
sum or product.
Arithmetic Algebra 3 Using Mental Math With Multiplication Use mental math to simplify
(20 13) 5.
6+4 4 + 6 a+b b + a
(20 13) 5 (13 20) 5 Use the Commutative Property of Multiplication.
95 5 9 ab b a
13 (20 5) Use the Associative Property of Multiplication.
Associative Properties of Addition and Multiplication Changing the
grouping of the values you are adding or multiplying does not change 13 100 Multiply within parentheses.
the sum or product. 1,300 Multiply.
Arithmetic Algebra
(2 + 7) + 3 2 + (7 3) (a + b) + c a + (b c) Quick Check.
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
(9 4)5 9 (4 5) (ab)c a (bc) 1. You spend $6 for dinner, $8 for a movie, and $4 for popcorn. Find your total
cost. Explain which property or properties you used.
Identity Properties of Addition and Multiplication The sum of any
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$18;
number and zero is the original number. The product of any number 6 8 4 6 (8 4) Associative Property of Addition
6 (4 8) Commutative Property of Addition
and 1 is the original number.
(6 4) 8 Associative Property of Addition
Arithmetic Algebra 10 8 Add within parentheses.
18 Addition
12 + 0 12 a+ 0 a
10 1 10 a 1 a
2. Name each property shown.
The additive identity is 0 . The multiplicative identity is 1 . a. 3 6 6 3 b. 8 1 8 c. (3z)m (3zm)
Commutative Identity Property of Associative Property
Property of Addition Multiplication of Multiplication
Example.
1 Identifying Properties Name each property shown.
a. 17 x 3 17 3 x Commutative Property of Addition 3. Use mental math to simplify each expression.
a. 5 12 18 5 b. 19 (30) 21
b. (36 2)10 36(2 10) Associative Property of Multiplication
40 10
c. km km 1 Identity Property of Multiplication
22 Pre-Algebra Lesson 2-1 Daily Notetaking Guide L1 L1 Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 2-1
23
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 2-2 The Distributive Property Examples.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Number Properties and Operations 3 Using the Distributive Property II Simplify 11(23) 11(7).
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1 Use the Distributive Property with
numerical expressions
Topic: Properties of Number and Operations 11(23) 11(7) 11 ( 23 7 ) Use the Distributive Property.
Local Standards: ____________________________________
2 Use the Distributive Property with 11 ( 30 ) Add within parentheses.
algebraic expressions
330 Multiply.
Key Concepts. 4 Using Tiles to Multiply Use algebra tiles to multiply 2(3x 4).
Distributive Property d Model two groups of
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To multiply a sum or difference, multiply each number within the 3x 4 .
All rights reserved.
parentheses by the number outside the parentheses.
d Group like tiles.
Arithmetic Algebra
3(2 6) 3( 2 ) 3( 6 ) a(b c) a( b ) a( c ) So 2(3x 4) 6x 8 .
(2 6)3 2( 3 ) 6( 3 ) (b c)a b( a ) c( a )
5 Using the Distributive Property III Simplify each expression.
6(7 4) 6( 7 ) 6( 4 ) a(b c) a( b ) a( c )
a. 9(2 8y) 9 ( 2 ) ( 9)( 8y ) Use the Distributive Property.
(7 4)6 7( 6 ) 4( 6 ) (b c)a b( a ) c( a )
18 ( 72y ) Multiply.
Examples. 18 72y Simplify.
1 Using the Distributive Property I Find 15(110) mentally.
b. (5m 6)11 ( 5m )11 ( 6 ) 11 Use the Distributive Property.
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( )
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
15(110) 15 100 10 Write 110 as (100 10).
55m 66 Multiply.
15 100 15 10 Use the Distributive Property.
1,500 150 Multiply. Quick Check.
1,650 Add. 2. Your club sold calendars for $7. Club members sold 204 calendars. How
much money did they raise?
2 Ms. Thomas gave 5 pencils to each of her 37 students. What is the total number $1,428
of pencils she gave to the students?
3. Simplify each expression.
(37)5 ( 40 3 5 ) Write 37 as (40 3).
a. 12(52) 12(62) 120 b. (16)7 (11)7 35
40 5 3 5 Use the Distributive Property.
4. Use algebra tiles to multiply.
200 15 Multiply. a. 4(2x 3) b. 3(x 4)
185 Subtract.
Ms. Thomas gave the students 185 pencils.
Quick Check. 8x 12 3x 12
1. Find each product mentally. 5. Multiply.
a. (53)50 2,650 b. 30 104 3,120 c. 9 199 1,791 a. 2(7 3d) 14 6d b. 3(5t 2) 15t 6
24 Pre-Algebra Lesson 2-2 Daily Notetaking Guide L1 25
L1 Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 2-2
6 Pre-Algebra All-In-One Answers Version B L1
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version B (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 2-3 Simplifying Variable Expressions
Examples.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Algebra
2 Using Tiles to Simplify Simplify 9 4f 3 2f.
1 Identify parts of a variable expression Topic: Variables, Expressions, and Operations
2 Simplify expressions Local Standards: ____________________________________ d
9 4f 3 2f d 6f 12
Vocabulary.
3 Combining Like Terms Simplify 2b b 4.
A term is a number or the product of a number and variable(s).
A constant is a term that has no variables. 2b b 4 2 b 1 b 4 Use the Identity Property of Multiplication.
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All rights reserved.
( 2 1 )b 4 Use the Distributive Property.
3 b4 Simplify.
terms
Quick Check.
7a 4a 3b 6 constant
1. Name the coefficients, the like terms, and the constants.
like terms
coefficients a. 6 2s 4s 2, 4; 2s, 4s; 6
b. 4x 4; none; none
Like terms have identical variables. c. 9m 2r 2m r 9, 2, –2, 1; 9m, –2m; and 2r, r; none
2. Use tiles to simplify 3a 2 4a 1.
A coefficient is a number that multiplies a variable.
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
S (3 4)a (2 1) 7a 1
You simplify a variable expression by replacing it with an equivalent expression that has
3. Simplify each expression.
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as few terms as possible. a. 3b b b. 4m 9m c. p 6p 4p
Deductive reasoning is the process of reasoning logically from given facts to a conclusion. 2b 13m 3p
4. Simplify the expression 6y 4m 7y m. Justify each step.
6y 4m 7y m
Example. 6y 4m 7y 1m Use Identity Property
6y 7y 4m 1m Use Associative Property
1 Identifying Parts of an Expression Name the coefficients, the like terms, (6 7)y (4 1)m Use Distributive Property
and the constants in 7x y 2x 7.
y 5m
Coefficients: 7, 1 , 2
Like terms: 7x, 2x
Constant: 7
26 Pre-Algebra Lesson 2-3 Daily Notetaking Guide L1 L1 Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 2-3
27
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 2-4 Variables and Equations Examples.
Lesson Objectives
3 Substituting to Check Is 45 a solution of the equation 120 x 75?
NAEP 2005 Strand: Algebra
120 x 75
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1 Classify types of equations Topic: Variables, Expressions, and Operations
2 Check equations using substitution
120 45 ⱨ 75 Substitute 45 for x.
Local Standards: ____________________________________
165 75
Vocabulary. No , 45 is not a solution of the equation.
An equation is a mathematical sentence with an equal sign.
4 A gift pack must hold 20 lb of food. Apples weigh 9 lb and cheese weighs 5 lb.
An open sentence is an equation with one or more variables. Can the jar of jam that completes the package weigh 7 lb?
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All rights reserved.
Words weight of apples plus weight of cheese plus weight of jam is 20 lb
A solution of an equation is a value for a variable that makes an equation true.
Let j = weight of jam.
Examples. Equation 9 5 j 20
1 Classifying Equations State whether each equation is true, false, or an 9 5 j 20
open sentence. Explain. 14 j = 20 Add.
a. 3(b 8) 12
14 7 ⱨ 20 Substitute 7 for the variable.
open sentence , because there is a variable.
b. 7 (6) 1 21 20
false , because 13 1. No , the jar of jam cannot weigh 7 lb.
c. 9 5 4
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
true , because 4 4. Quick Check.
2. Write an equation for Twenty minus x is three. Is the equation true, false, or
2 Writing an Equation Write an equation for Six times a number added to
an open sentence? Explain.
the number is the opposite of forty-two. State whether the equation is true,
false, or an open sentence. Explain. 20 x 3; open, because there is a variable
Words six times the number added to the number is the opposite of 42.
6x added to x is 42 3. Is the given number a solution of the equation?
42 a. 8 t 2t; 1 b. 9 m 3; 6
Equation 6x x
no yes
The equation is an open sentence , because there is a variable.
4. A tent weighs 6 lb. Your backpack and the tent weigh 33 lb. Use an equation
Quick Check. to find whether the backpack weighs 27 lb.
1. State whether each equation is true, false, or an open sentence. Explain. Let b weight of backpack.
a. 9 7 3 b. 8 x 2 c. 4 5 20 6 b 33
b 27
false; 2 ≠ 3 open; has a variable true; 20 20
Yes, the backpack weighs 27 lb.
28 Pre-Algebra Lesson 2-4 Daily Notetaking Guide L1 L1 Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 2-4
29
L1 All-In-One Answers Version B Pre-Algebra
7
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version B (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 2-5 Solving Equations by Adding or Subtracting 3 Larissa wants to increase the number of books in her collection to 327 books.
She has 250 books now. Find the number of books she needs to buy.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Algebra
Words target number is 250 plus number to buy
1 Solve one-step equations using Topic: Equations and Inequalities
subtraction Let x = number to buy.
Local Standards: ____________________________________
2 Solve one-step equations using addition Equation 327 250 x
327 250 x
Vocabulary and Key Concepts. 327 = x 250 Use the Commutative Property of Addition.
327 250 x 250 250 Subtract 250 from each side.
Subtraction Property of Equality 77 x Simplify.
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All rights reserved.
You can subtract the same number from each side of an equation.
Larissa needs to buy 77 more books.
Arithmetic Algebra
10 2(5) If a b, 4 Marcy’s CD player cost $113 less than her DVD player. Her CD player cost
10 5 2(5) 5 then a c b c $78. About how much did her DVD player cost?
Round to numbers that are easy to compute.
Addition Property of Equality
You can add the same number to each side of an equation. 113 110
Arithmetic Algebra 78 80
8 2(4) If a b, 80 = t 110 Write an equation.
8 3 2(4) 3 then a c b c 80 110 t 110 110 Add 110 to each side.
190 t Simplify.
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
Inverse operations are operations that undo each other.
Marcy’s DVD player cost about $190 .
All rights reserved.
Examples. Quick Check.
1. Solve each equation.
1 Subtracting to Solve an Equation Solve y 5 13.
a. x 8 3 b. c (4) 5
Method 1 Method 2 x 5 c 1
y 5 13 y5 13
y5 5 13 5 d Subtract 5 from each side. S 5 5
c. y 5 8 d. p 30 42
y 8 d Simplify. S y 8
y 13 p 72
2 Adding to Solve an Equation Solve c 23 40.
c 23 40 2. Cora measures her heart rate at 123 beats per minute. This is 55 beats more
c 23 23 40 23 Add 23 to each side. than her resting heart rate r. Write and solve an equation to find Cora’s
resting heart rate.
c 17 Simplify.
123 r 55; 68 beats/min
30 Pre-Algebra Lesson 2-5 Daily Notetaking Guide L1 L1 Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 2-5
31
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 2-6 Solving Equations by Multiplying or Dividing
Examples.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Algebra
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1 Solve one-step equations using division Topic: Equations and Inequalities 2 A total of 288 pens are boxed by the dozen. How many boxes are needed?
2 Solve one-step equations using Words number of pens is 12 times number of boxes
Local Standards: ____________________________________
multiplication
Let b = number of boxes
Equation 288 12 ? b
Key Concepts.
288 = 12b
Division Property of Equality 288 12b 12
= Divide each side by .
12
All rights reserved.
If you divide each side of an equation by the same nonzero number, the 12
All rights reserved.
two sides remain equal.
24 =b Simplify.
Arithmetic Algebra
6 = 3(2) If a = b and c 0, 24 boxes are needed.
6 = 3(2) a b
3 c = Check Is the answer reasonable?
3 c
Twelve times the number of boxes is the number of pens.
Multiplication Property of Equality
Since 12 24 288 , the answer is reasonable.
You can multiply each side of an equation by the same number.
Arithmetic Algebra
3 Multiplying to Solve an Equation Solve x8 5.
12 3(4) If a b, x 5
8
12 2 3(4) 2 then ac bc . x
8 8 8 (5)
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Multiply each side by 8 .
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
x 40 Simplify.
Example.
Quick Check.
1 Dividing to Solve an Equation Solve 2v 24. 1. Solve each equation.
a. 4x 84 b. 91 7y
2v 24
21 13
2v 24 Divide each side by 2 .
2 2
c. 3b 24 d. 4d 56
v 12 Simplify.
8 14
Check 2v 24
2 ( 12 ) ⱨ 24 Replace v with 12 .
r t
e. 25 10 f. 30 20
24 24
50 600
32 Pre-Algebra Lesson 2-6 Daily Notetaking Guide L1 33
L1 Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 2-6
8 Pre-Algebra All-In-One Answers Version B L1
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version B (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 2-7 Guess, Check, Revise
$2 $2
79 2( ) 96( 2 ) 158 192 The total is too high .
Decrease the price of
Lesson Objective Local Standards: ____________________________________
350 the popcorn only.
1 Solve a problem using the Guess,
Check, Revise strategy
$1 $2
79 1( ) 96( 2 ) 79 192
The total is correct.
271
Example.
1 During the intermission of a play, the Theater Club sold cups of popcorn and The popcorn price was $1 , and the soda price was $2 .
soda. The club sold 79 cups of popcorn and 96 sodas for a total of $271. If the
selling prices for popcorn and soda were in whole dollars, what was the selling Check Your Answer Is it possible to solve the problem in another way?
price of a cup of popcorn? Of a soda? Consider using logical reasoning.
All rights reserved.
All rights reserved.
Understand the Problem • We know the prices must be in whole dollars. Since 271 96 2.8229,
the soda would cost at most $2.
Look at the information given to make an informed conjecture. • If the price of the soda were $2, then the theater club would earn 96 $2,
1. How many cups of popcorn and soda did the club sell? 175 or $192, from the sale of sodas.
2. How much money did the club raise from sales of popcorn and soda ? $271 • At a cost of $2 per soda, that would leave $271 $192, or $79, for sales
from popcorn.
Make and Carry Out a Plan Make a conjecture, and then test it. Use what • Since 79 cups of popcorn were sold, the price of a cup of popcorn could
you learn from your conjecture to make a better second conjecture. be $1.
3. When you make a conjecture for the selling prices of a cup of popcorn • Therefore, the solution of $2 for soda and $1 for a cup of popcorn
and a cup of soda, how can you use your conjecture to find the actual is correct.
selling prices of a cup of popcorn and a cup of soda?
Quick Check.
Test your conjecture by calculating the total price.
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1. Suppose the club sold the same number of cups of popcorn and soda as in
4. By what numbers do you multiply your conjecture for the selling prices of a
Example 1, but raised $446. What would have been the selling prices of a
cup of popcorn and a cup of soda to find the amount of money the club
cup of popcorn and a cup of soda?
would have raised by selling popcorn and soda at those selling prices?
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Popcorn Soda
Multiply the selling price of popcorn by 79 and the selling price of Total Price
Price Price
soda by 96.
1 1
79 1( ) 96( 1 ) 79 96
175
You can organize conjectures in a table. As a first conjecture, try both with
a price of $1. 2 2
79 2( ) 96( 2 ) 158 192
350
Popcorn Soda
Price Price
Total Price
3 2
79 3( ) 96( 2 ) 237 192
( ) 96( 1 )
79 1 79 96 The total is too low . 429
$1 $1 Increase the price of
175 the popcorn only. 79 2( ) 96( 3 ) 158 288
2 3
$2 $1
( ) 96( 1 )
79 2 158 96 The total is too low .
Increase the price
446
254 of the soda. The popcorn price would have been $2 , and the soda price would
Continue the table on the next page until the total is correct. have been $3 .
34 Pre-Algebra Lesson 2-7 Daily Notetaking Guide L1 L1 Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 2-7
35
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 2-8 Inequalities and Their Graphs 2 Writing Inequalities to Describe Graphs Write the inequality shown in
each graph.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Algebra a.
4 2
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1 Graph inequalities Topic: Equations and Inequalities 0 2 4 6
2 Write inequalities
Local Standards: ____________________________________ x 3
b.
Vocabulary. 4 2 0 2 4 6
An inequality is a mathematical sentence that contains , , , , or .
x3
A solution of an inequality is any number that makes the inequality true.
All rights reserved.
All rights reserved.
3 Writing Inequalities Food can be labeled very low sodium only if it meets
the requirements established by the federal government. Use the table to
write an inequality for this requirement.
Examples. Label Definition
1 Graphing Solutions of Inequalities Graph the solutions of each Sodium-free food Less than 5 mg per serving
inequality on a number line. Very low sodium food At most 35 mg per serving
a. x 2 Low-sodium food At most 140 mg per serving
An open dot shows that 2 is not a solution.
Words a serving of very low sodium has at most 35 mg sodium
4 2 0 2 4 6 the number of milligrams of sodium in
Let v = a serving of very low sodium food.
Shade all points to the right of 2.
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
b. w 5 Inequality v 35
A closed dot shows that 5 is a solution.
Quick Check.
4 2 0 2 4 6
1. Graph the solutions of each inequality.
Shade all points to the right of 5.
a. z 2 b. 4 t
c. k 4
closed 2 0 0 4
A dot shows that 4 is a solution.
c. a 5 d. 2 c
4 2 0 2 4 6
Shade all points to the left of 4. 5 0 0 2
d. y 6 2. Write an inequality for the graph.
An open dot shows that 6 is not a solution. x3
3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
4 2 0 2 4 6
3. Use the table from Example 3. A food is labeled sodium-free. Write an inequality
Shade all points to the left of 6. for n, the number of milligrams of sodium in a serving of sodium-free food.
n5
36 Pre-Algebra Lesson 2-8 Daily Notetaking Guide L1 L1 Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 2-8
37
L1 All-In-One Answers Version B Pre-Algebra
9
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version B (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Solving One-Step Inequalities
Lesson 2-9 by Adding or Subtracting
Examples.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Algebra
1
2 Computers Suppose your computer’s hard drive has a capacity of
Solve one-step inequalities using Topic: Equations and Inequalities
subtraction 6 gigabytes (GB). The files you have stored on the hard drive occupy
2 Solve one-step inequalities using Local Standards: ____________________________________ at least 2 GB. How much storage space is left for other files?
addition Words is less than
storage space storage space left total space
plus or equal to
for your files
Key Concepts.
Let s storage space available.
Inequality 2 s 6
Subtraction Property of Inequality
All rights reserved.
All rights reserved.
You can subtract the same number from each side of an inequality. 2s 6
Arithmetic Algebra
2 2 s 6 2 Subtract 2 from each side.
7 4, so 7 3 4 3 If a b, then a c b c .
s 4 Simplify.
6 9, so 6 2 9 2 If a b, then a c b c .
No more than 4 GB are left.
Addition Property of Inequality
You can add the same number to each side of an inequality. 3 Adding to Solve an Inequality Solve 10 13 q.
Arithmetic Algebra 10 13 q
7 3, so 7 4 3 4 If a b, then a c b c . 10 13 13 13 q Add 13 to each side.
2 5, so 2 6 5 6 If a b, then a c b c . 3 q Simplify.
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
Quick Check.
Example.
1. Solve each inequality. Graph the solutions.
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1 Subtracting to Solve an Inequality Solve each inequality. Graph
the solutions. a. 8 t 15 t7
0 2 4 6
a. 4 s 12
4s 12 b. 3 x7 x 10
4 s 4 12 4 Subtract 4 from each side. 14 12 10 8
s 8 Simplify.
2. An airline lets you check up to 65 lb. of luggage. One suitcase weighs 37 lb.
How much can the other suitcase weigh?
1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
28 lb
b. 16 y 14
16 y 14
16 3. Solve each inequality. Graph the solutions.
14 y 14 14 Add 14 to each side.
a. m 13 29 m 42
2 y or y 2 Simplify. 36 38 40 42
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 b. t 5 11 t 16
10 12 14 16 18
38 Pre-Algebra Lesson 2-9 Daily Notetaking Guide L1 L1 Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 2-9
39
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Solving One-Step Inequalities
Lesson 2-10 by Multiplying or Dividing Examples.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Algebra 1 Dividing to Solve an Inequality A 1-ton truck has the ability to haul
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1 Solve one-step inequalities using Topic: Equations and Inequalities 1 ton, or 2,000 lb. At most, how many television sets can the truck carry if
division each TV set weighs 225 lb?
2 Solve one-step inequalities using Local Standards: ____________________________________
multiplication Words times is less than
number of televisions 225 lb or equal to 2,000 lb
Let x number of televisions.
Key Concepts.
Inequality x ? 225 2000
Division Properties of Inequality 225x 2,000
All rights reserved.
If you divide each side of an inequality by a positive number, you leave the
All rights reserved.
225x 2,000 225
direction of the inequality symbol unchanged. Divide each side by .
225 225
Arithmetic Algebra
x 8.8 Simplify.
3 6, so 33 63 If a b and c is positive, then ac bc .
At most, the truck can carry 8 television sets.
8 2, so 82 2
2
If a > b and c is positive, then ac b.
c
Check Is the answer reasonable?
The total weight of 8 television sets is 8( 225 ) 1,800 lb, which
If you divide each side of an inequality by a negative number, you reverse
is less than 2,000 lb but so close that another television set could not be
the direction of the inequality symbol.
carried. The answer is reasonable.
Arithmetic Algebra
If a < b and c is negative, then ac b.
6 12 z
6 < 12, so 23 23 c 2 Multiplying to Solve an Inequality Solve 28 2.
z
2
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
28
16 8
16 8, so 24 If a b and c is negative, then ac bc .
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
24
z
8 ( 28 ) 8 (2) Multiply each side by 8 .
z 16 Simplify.
Multiplication Properties of Inequality
If you multiply each side of an inequality by a positive number, you leave
the direction of the inequality symbol unchanged. Quick Check.
Arithmetic Algebra 1. Solve each inequality.
3 4, so 3(5) 4(5) If a b and c is positive, then ac bc. a. 4x 40 b. 21 3m
7 2, so 7(6) 2(6) If a b and c is positive, then ac bc. x 10 m 7
If you multiply each side of an inequality by a negative number, you
reverse the direction of the inequality symbol. c. 36 9t d. m 2
Arithmetic Algebra 4
t 4 m8
6 9, so 6(2) 9(2) If a b and c is negative, then ac bc.
7 5, so 7(3) 5(3) If a b and c is negative, then ac bc. t 7 r
e. 23 f. 5 7
t 21 r 35
40 Pre-Algebra Lesson 2-10 Daily Notetaking Guide L1 41
L1 Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 2-10
10 Pre-Algebra All-In-One Answers Version B L1
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version B (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 3-1 Rounding and Estimating Examples.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Number Properties and Operations 3 Using Front-End Estimation You are buying some fruit. The bananas cost
$1.32, the apples cost $2.19, and the avocados cost $1.63. Use front-end
1 Round decimals Topic: Estimation
2
estimation to estimate the total cost of the fruit.
Estimate sums and differences
Local Standards: ____________________________________
1.32 S .30
Add the front-end digits. 2.19 S .20 t Estimate by rounding.
Examples.
1.63 S .60
1 Rounding Decimals
4 1.10 5.10
a. Round 8.7398 to the nearest tenth. b. Round 8.7398 to the nearest integer.
tenths place nearest integer is ones place The total cost is about $5.10 .
All rights reserved.
All rights reserved.
8.7398 8.7398
less than 5 5 or greater
4 Using Clustering to Estimate Estimate the total electricity cost:
March $81.75; April: $79.56; May: $80.89.
down to 7 . Round up to 9 . 3 Months
S
8.7 9 The values cluster around $80. S 80 ?3 240
The total electricity cost is about $240 .
2 Rounding to Estimate Estimate to find whether each answer is reasonable.
Calculation Estimate Calculation Estimate
$115.67 $ 120 $176.48 $ 180 Quick Check.
$ 83.21 $ 80 $ 39.34 $ 40 3. Estimate using front-end estimation.
$ 59.98 $ 60 $107.14 $ 140 a. 6.75 2.2 9.58
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
$258.86 $ 260 about 18.6
The answer is close to the The answer is not close to the
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estimate. It is reasonable . estimate. It is not reasonable .
b. $1.07 $2.49 $7.40
Quick Check. about $11
1. Identify the underlined place. Then round each number to that place.
a. 0.7772 b. 7,098.56
ones; 1 tenths; 7,098.6
4. Estimate using clustering.
a. $4.50 $5.50 $5.55
c. 274.9434 d. 9.851
thousandths; 274.943 hundredths; 9.85 about $15
2. Estimate by rounding. b. 26.7 26.2 24.52 23.9
a. 355.302 204.889 b. 453.56 230.07 about 100
about 560 about 220
42 Pre-Algebra Lesson 3-1 Daily Notetaking Guide L1 L1 Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 3-1
43
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 3-2 Estimating Decimal Products and Quotients
Examples.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Number Properties and Operations
3 Estimating the Quotient The cost to ship one yearbook is $3.12. The total cost
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1 Estimate products Topic: Estimation
for a shipment was $62.40. Estimate how many books were in the shipment.
2 Estimate quotients
Local Standards: ____________________________________
3.12 3 Round the divisor.
62.40 60 Round the dividend to a multiple of 3 that is close to 62.40.
Vocabulary.
60 3 20 Divide.
Compatible numbers are numbers that are easy to compute mentally. 20
The shipment is made up of about books.
All rights reserved.
All rights reserved.
Examples. 4 Estimating to Determine Reasonableness Is 7.29 a reasonable quotient
1 Estimating the Product Estimate 6.43 ? 4.7. for 31.423 ÷ 5.94?
5.94 6 Round the divisor.
6.43 6 4.7 5 Round to the nearest integer.
31.423 30 Round the dividend to a multiple of 6 that is close to 31.423.
6 ? 5 30 Multiply.
30 6 5 Divide.
6.43 ? 4.7 30
Since 7.29 is not close to 5 , it is not reasonable.
2 Joshua bought 3 yd of fabric to make a flag. The fabric cost $5.35/yd. The clerk
said his total was $14.95 before tax. Did the clerk make a mistake?
Quick Check.
5.35 5 Round to the nearest dollar.
5?3 15 Multiply 5 times 3 , the number of yards of fabric. 3. Estimate each quotient.
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
Since 5.35 5, the actual cost should be greater than the etimate.
a. 38.9 1.79 b. 11.95 2.1
The sales clerk did make a mistake. about 20 about 6
Quick Check.
1. Estimate each product.
a. 4.72 ? 1.8 b. 17.02 ? 3.78
10 68
4. Use estimation. Is each quotient reasonable?
a. 1.564 2.3 0.68 b. 26.0454 4.98 10.2
Yes No
2. Photography You buy 8 rolls of film for your camera. Each roll costs $4.79.
Estimate the cost of the film before tax.
about $40
44 Pre-Algebra Lesson 3-2 Daily Notetaking Guide L1 L1 Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 3-2
45
L1 All-In-One Answers Version B Pre-Algebra
11
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version B (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 3-3 Mean, Median, and Mode
Examples.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Data Analysis and Probability 2 Identifying Outliers Use the data 7%, 4%, 10%, 33%, 11%, 12%.
1 Find mean, median, and mode of a set Topic: Characteristics of Data Sets
Which data value is an outlier? The data value 33% is an outlier.
of data
2 Choose the best measure of central Local Standards: ____________________________________ It is an outlier because it is much greater than the other data values.
tendency
3 Identifying the Best Measure Which measure of central tendency best
Vocabulary. describes each situation?
Three measures of central tendency are mean , median , and mode . a. the monthly amount of rain for a year
Mean ; since the average monthly amount of rain for a year is
A mean is the sum of the data values divided by the number of data values.
All rights reserved.
All rights reserved.
not likely to have an outlier, mean is the appropriate measure.
A median is the middle number when data values are written in order.
b. the most popular color of shirt
If there is an even number of data values, the median is the mean of the two Mode ; since the data are not numerical, the mode is
middle numbers. the appropriate measure.
A mode is a data item that occurs most often. c. time student leaves home to get to school
An outlier is a data value that is much greater than or less than the other data values. Median ; since a few students may leave much earlier or much
later than most of the studetns, the median is the appropriate
measure.
Example.
1 Finding the Mean, Median, and Mode Use the graph to find the
Quick Check.
(a) mean, (b) median, and the (c) mode of the data if you leave out
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
the number of pages Latana has read. 1. Find the mean, median, and mode of each group of data.
Lata
a. Mean sum of data values a. 2.3 4.3 3.2 2.9 2.7 2.3
Ma r
Larr
na
number of data values
Bett
mean , median , mode
Kyle
2.95 2.8 2.3
ita
All rights reserved.
y
Nick
40 45 48 50 50
ina
5 b. $20 $26 $27 $28 $21 $42 $18 $20
233 mean $25.25 , median $23.50 , mode $20
5
46.6 2. Find an outlier in each group of data below.
The mean is 46.6 . a. 9 10 12 13 8 9 31 9 b. 1 17.5 18 19.5 16 17.5
31 1
b. Median: 40 45 48 50 50 Write the data in order.
The median is the middle number, or 48 .
c. Mode: Find the data value that occurs most often.
40 45 48 50 50
The mode is 50 .
46 Pre-Algebra Lesson 3-3 Daily Notetaking Guide L1 L1 Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 3-3
47
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 3-4 Using Formulas Examples.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Algebra 2 Use the formula F n4 37, where n is the number of chirps a cricket
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1 Substitute into formulas Topic: Equations and Inequalities makes in one minute, and F is the temperature in degrees Fahrenheit.
2 Use the formula for the perimenter of Estimate the temperature when a cricket chirps 76 times in a minute.
a rectangle Local Standards: ____________________________________
F n + 37 Write the formula.
4
76
Vocabulary. F + 37 Replace n with 76 .
4
A formula is an equation that shows a relationship between quantities that are F 19 + 37 Divide.
represented by variables. F 56 Add.
All rights reserved.
All rights reserved.
Perimeter is the distance around a figure.
The temperature is 56ºF .
3 Finding Perimeter Find the perimeter of a rectangular tabletop with a
length of 14.5 in. and width of 8.5 in. Use the formula for the perimeter of
Example. a rectangle, P 2ᐉ 2w.
P 2ᐉ 2w Write the formula.
1 Using a Formula Suppose you ride your bike 18 miles in 3 hours. Use the
formula d rt, where d is the distance, r is the speed, and t is time, to find P2 ( 14.5 2 ) 8.5( )
Replace ᐉ with 14.5 and w with 8.5 .
your average speed. P 29 17 Multiply.
d rt Write the formula.
P 46 Add.
18 (r) 3 ( ) Substitute 18 for d and 3 for t.
46
The perimeter of the tabletop is in.
18 3r Divide each side by 3 .
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
3 3
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
Quick Check.
6 r Simplify.
2. Use the formula F n4 37 to estimate the temperature in degrees
Your average speed is 6 mi/h. Fahrenheit for each situation.
a. 96 chirps/min b. 88 chirps/min
61°F 59°F
Quick Check.
1. Use the formula d rt. Find d, r, or t.
a. d 273 mi, t 9.75 h b. d 540.75 in., r 10.5 in./yr
r 28 mi/h t 51.5 yr
3. Find the perimeter of each rectangle.
a. b.
16.8 cm 8.6 in.
27.3 cm 17.4 in.
88.2 cm 52 in.
48 Pre-Algebra Lesson 3-4 Daily Notetaking Guide L1 49
L1 Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 3-4
12 Pre-Algebra All-In-One Answers Version B L1
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version B (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Solving Equations by Adding
Lesson 3-5 or Subtracting Decimals Examples.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Algebra 3 Adding to Solve an Equation Solve 23.34 q 16.99.
1 Solve one-step decimal equations Topic: Equations and Inequalities 23.34 q 16.99
involving addition 23.34 16.99 q 16.99 16.99 Add 16.99 to each side.
2 Solve one-step decimal equations Local Standards: ____________________________________
6.35 q Simplify.
involving subtraction
4 Solving a One-Step Equation by Adding Alejandro wrote a check for
Examples. $49.98. His new account balance is $169.45. What was his previous balance?
1 Subtracting to Solve an Equation Solve 6.8 p 9.7.
6.8 p 9.7 Words previous balance minus check is new balance
All rights reserved.
All rights reserved.
6.8 6.8 p 9.7 6.8 Subtract 6.8 from each side. Let p previous balance.
p 16.5 Simplify.
Equation p - 49.98 169.45
Check 6.8 p 9.7 p - 49.98 169.45
6.8 ( 16.5 )
ⱨ 9.7 Replace p with 16.5 .
p - 49.98 + 49.98 169.45 + 49.98 Add 49.98 to each side.
9.7 9.7 ✔
p 219.43 Simplify.
2 Solving a One-Step Equation by Subtracting Ping has a board that is
Alejandro had $219.43 in his account before he wrote the check.
14.5 ft long. She saws off a piece that is 8.75 ft long. Find the length left over.
14.5 ft
Quick Check.
x ft 8.75 ft
3. Solve each equation.
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
x 8.75 14.5 a. n 5.85 15.25 b. 10 c 2.6
x + 8.75 - 8.75 14.5 - 8.75 Subtract 8.75 from each side. n 21.1 c 7.4
All rights reserved.
x 5.75 Simplify.
The length of the piece that is left is 5.75 ft.
Quick Check.
1. Solve each equation.
4. Shopping You spent $14.95 for a new shirt. You now have $12.48. Write and
a. x 4.9 18.8 b. 14.73 24.23 b
solve an equation to find how much money you had before you bought the shirt.
13.9 38.96
x 14.95 12.48; $27.43
2. A store’s cost plus markup is the price the customer pays for an item. In the
equation 35.48 m 70, 35.48 represents the store’s cost of shoes, m represents
the markup on the shoes, and 70 represents the price the customer pays. Solve
this equation to fine the markup.
$34.52
50 Pre-Algebra Lesson 3-5 Daily Notetaking Guide L1 L1 Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 3-5
51
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Solving Equations by Multiplying
Lesson 3-6 or Dividing Decimals Example.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Algebra 3 Solving a One-Step Equation by Multiplying A little league player was at bat
15 times and had a batting average of 0.133 (rounded to the nearest thousandth).
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1 Solve one-step decimal equations Topic: Equations and Inequalities
involving multiplication The batting average formula is a h
n, where a is the batting average, h is the
2 Solve one-step decimal equations Local Standards: ____________________________________ number of hits, and n is the number of times at bat. Use the formula to find the
involving division number of hits she made.
a h
n
Examples. h
0.133 Replace a with 0.133 and n with 15 .
1 Solving a One-Step Equation by Dividing Every day the school cafeteria 15
uses about 85.8 gallons of milk. About how many days will it take for the
h
( ) ( )
All rights reserved.
All rights reserved.
cafeteria to use the 250 gallons in the refrigerator? 0.133 15 15 Multiply each side by 15 .
15
daily milk number
Words times equals 250 gallons
consumption
use of days 1.995 h Simplify.
Let x number of days. Since h (hits) represents an integer,
2 h round to the nearest integer.
Equation 85.8 ? x 250
The little league player made 2 hits.
85.8x 250
85.8x 250
Divide each side by 85.8 .
85.8 85.8 Quick Check.
x 2.914 . . . Simplify. 1. Solve each equation. Check the solution.
a. 0.8x 1.6 b. 1.15 2.3x
x 3 Round to the nearest whole number.
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
2 0.5
The school will take about 3 days to use 250 gallons of milk.
c
2 Multiplying to Solve an Equation Solve 37.5 21.2
r 0.5
c. 26.0 s 5
d. 2.5
c
37.5 1.2
37.5 ( 1.2 ) c
1.2 ( 1.2 ) Multiply each side by 1.2 . 3 12.5
45 c Simplify.
Check 37.5 c
21.2
2. Suppose your batting average is 0.222. You have batted 54 times. How
45 many hits do you have?
37.5 ⱨ Replace c with 45 .
1.2
12 hits
37.5 37.5 ✔ Simplify.
52 Pre-Algebra Lesson 3-6 Daily Notetaking Guide L1 L1 Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 3-6
53
L1 All-In-One Answers Version B Pre-Algebra
13
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version B (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 3-7 Using the Metric System
Examples.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Measurement
2 Converting Between Metric Units Complete each statement.
1 Identify appropriate metric measures Topic: System of Measurement
2
a. 7,603 mL L
Convert metric units
Local Standards: ____________________________________ 7,603 1,000 7.603 To convert from milliliters to liters, divide by 1000.
7,603 mL 7.603 L
Key Concepts.
b. 4.57 m cm
4.57 100 457 cm To convert meters to centimeters, multiply by 100.
Metric Units of Measurement
4.57 m 457 cm
Unit Reference Example
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All rights reserved.
millimeter ( mm ) about the thickness of a dime 3 Converting Lengths A blue whale caught in 1931 was about
2,900 cm long. What was its length in meters?
centimeter ( cm ) about the width of a thumbnail
Length length in centimeters length in
centimeters per meter
about the distance from a doorknob Words
meter ( m ) to the floor
meters
kilometer ( km ) a little more than one half mile Equation 2,900 100 29
milliliter ( mL ) about 5 drops of water The whale was about 29 m long.
Capacity
liter ( L ) a little more than a quart of milk Quick Check.
milligram ( mg ) about the mass of a speck of sawdust 1. Choose a reasonable estimate.
a. distance between two cities: 50 mm or 50 km
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
Mass gram ( g ) about the mass of a paper clip
50 km
about one half the mass of your
kilogram ( kg ) math book
b. amount of liquid that an eyedropper holds: 10 mL or 10 L`
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10 mL
2. Complete each statement.
Example.
a. 35 mL 0.035 L b. 6,000 cm 60 m
1 Estimating With Metric Units Choose a reasonable estimate.
Explain your choice.
3. a. The record for the highest a kite has flown is 3.8 km. Find the height of
a. capacity of a drinking glass: 500 L or 500 mL
the kite in meters.
500 mL ; a drinking glass holds less than a quart of milk.
3,800 m
b. mass of a pair of hiking boots: 1kg or 1g
1 kg ; the mass is about one half the mass of your math book.
b. Number Sense You have a recipe that requires 0.25 L of milk. Your
measuring cup is marked only in milliliters. How many milliliters of milk
do you need?
250 mL
54 Pre-Algebra Lesson 3-7 Daily Notetaking Guide L1 L1 Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 3-7
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Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 3-8 Act It Out
Quick Check.
Lesson Objective Local Standards: ____________________________________
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1 Solve problems by acting them out 1. Complete the chart to check your answer to Example 1.
first
Days After Number of Amount
the First Pennies
Example. 0 1 $.01
1 Currency Marta gives her sister one penny on the first day of October, two 1 2 $.02
pennies on the second day, and four pennies on the third day. She continues
to double the number of pennies each day. On what date will Marta give her 2 2?2 4 $.04
sister $10.24 in pennies?
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3 4?2 8
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$.08
Understand the Problem Marta needs to give her sister pennies worth
4 8?2 16 $.16
$ 10.24 . Marta gives her one penny on the first day. She
doubles the number of pennies every day. 5 16 ? 2 32 $.32
1. How many pennies does Marta’s sister get on the first day? 1 6 32 ? 2 64 $.64
2. How many pennies does Marta’s sister get on the second day? 2 7 64 ? 2 128 $1.28
3. How many pennies does Marta’s sister get on the third day? 4
8 128 ? 2 256 $2.56
Make and Carry Out a Plan Act out the problem. Keep track of the amount
given each day in a chart. 9 256 ? 2 512 $5.12
Days After Number of 10 512 ? 2 1,024 $10.24
Amount
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the First Pennies
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
0 1 $.01
1 2 $.02
2 2?2 4 $.04
3 4?2 8 $.08
4 8?2 16 $.16
5 16 ? 2 32 $.32
You can tell from the pattern in the chart that you just need to count the number
of 2’s multiplied until you reach 1,024 , which is $ 10.24 in pennies.
2?2?2?2?2?2?2?2?2?2 1,024
10 twos 10 days after the first penny is given
Marta will give her sister $10.24 in pennies on October 11 .
56 Pre-Algebra Lesson 3-8 Daily Notetaking Guide L1 57
L1 Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 3-8
14 Pre-Algebra All-In-One Answers Version B L1
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version B (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 4-1 Divisibility and Factors
Examples.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Number Properties and Operations
2 Divisibility by 3 and 9 Is the first number divisible by the second?
1 Use divisibility tests Topic: Properties of Number and Operations
2 a. 1,028 by 3 No ; 1 + 0 + 2 + 8 = 11; 11 is not divisible by 3 .
Find factors
Local Standards: ____________________________________
b. 522 by 9 Yes ; 5 + 2 + 2 = 9; 9 is divisible by 9 .
Vocabulary and Key Concepts. 3 Using Factors Ms. Washington’s class is having a class photo taken. Each
row must have the same number of students. There are 35 students in the
class. How can Ms. Washington arrange the students in rows if there must be
Divisibility Rules for 2, 5, and 10
at least 5 students, but no more than 10 students, in each row?
An integer is divisible by
Find pairs of factors of 35: 1 ? 35 , 5 ? 7
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All rights reserved.
• 2 if it ends in 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8.
There can be 5 rows of 7 students, or 7 rows of 5 students.
• 5 if it ends in 0 or 5.
• 10 if it ends in 0.
Quick Check.
Even numbers end in 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8 and are divisible by 2.
1. Is the first number divisible by the second? Explain.
Odd numbers end in 1, 3, 5, 7, or 9 and are not divisible by 2. a. 160 by 5
Yes; 160 ends in 0.
Divisibility Rules for 3 and 9 b. 56 by 10
An integer is divisible by No; 56 does not end in 0.
• 3 if the sum of its digits is divisible by 3.
c. 53 by 2
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
• 9 if the sum of its digits is divisible by 9. No; 53 does not end in 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8.
d. 174 by 3
One integer is divisible by another if the remainder is 0 when you divide.
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Yes; the sum of the digits, 12, is divisible by 3.
One integer is a factor of another integer if it divides the integer with a remainder of 0 .
e. 43,542 by 9
Yes; the sum of the digits, 18, is divisible by 9.
Example.
1 Divisibility by 2, 5, and 10 Is the first number divisible by the second? 2. List the positive factors of each number.
a. 1,028 by 2 a. 10 1, 2, 5, 10 b. 21 1, 3, 7, 21
Yes ; 1,028 ends in 8 .
c. 24 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 d. 31 1, 31
b. 572 by 5
No ; 572 doesn’t end in 0 or 5 .
3. What are the possible arrangements for Example 3 if there are
36 students in Ms. Washington’s class?
c. 275 by 10
4 rows of 9 students, or 6 rows of 6 students
No ; 275 doesn’t end in 0 .
58 Pre-Algebra Lesson 4-1 Daily Notetaking Guide L1 L1 Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 4-1
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Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 4-2 Exponents
Examples.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Algebra
2 Science Suppose a certain star is 10 4 light-years from Earth. How many
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1 Use exponents Topic: Variables, Expressions, and Operations light-years is that?
2 Use the order of operations with The exponent indicates that the base 10 is
exponents Local Standards: ____________________________________ 10 4 10 10 10 10
used as a factor 4 times.
Vocabulary and Key Concepts. 10,000 light-years Multiply.
Order of Operations 3 Using the Order of Operations
1. Work inside grouping symbols. Simplify 3(1 4) 3.
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All rights reserved.
2. Simplify any terms with exponents . 3(1 4) 3 3 5 3( ) Work within parentheses first.
3. Multiply and divide in order from left to right. 3? 125 Simplify 5 3.
4. Add and subtract in order from left to right. 375 Multiply.
Exponents Quick Check.
are used to show repeated multiplication.
1. Write using exponents.
A power has two parts, a base and an exponent .
a. 4 ? y ? x ? y b. (3)(3)(3)(3)
exponent 4xy 2 (3) 4
6 the value of
2 2 ? 2 ? 2 ? 2 ? 2 ? 2 64 d the expression
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
base
{
power The base is used as 2. a. Simplify 6 2. b. Evaluate a 4 and (a) 4, for a 2.
a factor 6 times.
36 16; 16
Example.
1 Using an Exponent Write using exponents. 3. a. Simplify 2 ? 5 2 4 ? (3) 3. b. Evaluate 3a 2 6, for a 5.
a. (11)(11)(11)(11) 58 81
( 11 )4 Include the negative sign within parentheses.
b. 5 ? x ? x ? y ? y ? x
Rewrite the expression using the Commutative
5 ? x ? x ? x ? y ? y
and Associative Properties.
3 2
5x y Write x x x and y y using exponents.
60 Pre-Algebra Lesson 4-2 Daily Notetaking Guide L1 L1 Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 4-2
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L1 All-In-One Answers Version B Pre-Algebra
15
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version B (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Prime Factorization and
Lesson 4-3 Greatest Common Factor
Example.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Number Properties and Operations
3 Finding the GCF Find the GCF of each pair of numbers and expressions.
1 Find the prime factorization of Topic: Properties of Number and Operations
a number 24 and 30
2 Find the greatest common factor Local Standards: ____________________________________ 24 2 3 ? 3
(GCF) of two or more numbers Write the prime factorizations.
30 2 ? 3 ? 5
Find the common factors. Use the lesser power of
GCF 2 ? 3
Vocabulary. the common factors.
A prime number is a positive integer greater than 1 with exactly two factors, 6
1 and the number itself. The GCF of 24 and 30 is 6 .
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All rights reserved.
A composite number is a positive integer greater than 1 with more than two factors.
Quick Check.
The prime factorization of a number is a written form of a number as the product
of its prime factors. 1. a. Which numbers from 10 to 20 are prime?
The greatest common factor (GCF) is the greatest of all common factors of two or more 11, 13, 17, 19
numbers.
b. Which numbers from 10 to 20 are composite?
10, 12, 14, 15, 16, 18, 20
Examples.
2. Write the prime factorization of each number.
1 Prime or Composite? State whether each number is prime or composite.
a. 72 b. 121
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
Explain.
a. 46 23 32 112
Composite ; 46 has more than two factors, 1, 2 , 23 , and 46 .
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b. 13
Prime ; 13 has exactly two factors, 1 and 13 .
3. Use prime factorizations to find each GCF.
2 Writing the Prime Factorization Use a factor tree to write the prime a. 8, 20 b. 12, 87
factorization of 273. 4 3
273
Start with a prime factor.
Prime 3 ? 91
Continue branching.
Stop when all factors
Primes 7 ? 13 are prime.
273 3 ? 7 ? 13 Write the prime factorization.
62 Pre-Algebra Lesson 4-3 Daily Notetaking Guide L1 L1 Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 4-3
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Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 4-4 Simplifying Fractions Examples.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Number Properties and Operations 2 You learn that 21 out of the 28 students in a class, or 21
28
, buy their lunches in
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1 Find equivalent fractions Topic: Number Operations the cafeteria. Write this fraction in simplest form.
2 Write fractions in simplest form
Local Standards: ____________________________________
21 7 Divide the numerator and
21
28 = denominator by the GCF, 7 .
28 7
Vocabulary.
3
Two fractions are equivalent if they describe the same part of a whole. = Simplify.
4
3 of the bar is shaded.
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3 ? 3
All rights reserved.
4 3 9 3
4
12 of the students in the class buy their lunches in the cafeteria.
9 of the bar is shaded. 3
12 4 ? 4
3 Simplifying a Fraction Write in simplest form.
A fraction is in simplest form when the numerator and the denominator have no factors in
p p 1 Divide the numerator and denominator by the
common other than 1. a. 2p
1 common factor p .
2p
Example. 1
Simplify.
1 Finding an Equivalent Fraction Find two fractions equivalent to 18
21.
2
18 ? 2 18 3
a. 18 b. 18
2
21 21
14q r 2 ? 7 ? q ? q ? r
21 ?
b. = Write as a product of prime factors.
2 21 3 8qr 2 ? 2 ? 2 ? q ? r
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1 1
36 6 2 ? 7 ? q ? q Divide the numerator and denominator
= by the common factors.
1 1 1
42 7 2 ? 2 ? 2 ? q ? r
36 6 7 ? q
The fractions and are both equivalent to 18 = Simplify.
42 7 21. 2 ? 2
7q
Quick Check. = Simplify.
4
1. Find two fractions equivalent to each fraction.
Sample answers are shown:
Quick Check.
5 1 , 10 2. Write each fraction in simplest form.
a. 15 3 30
6 2 3 9 3 3
6 9
a. 8 b. 12
5 , 20 8 2 12 3 4
b. 10
12 6 24
4
1 n
b 2mn
7 , 28 c. abc d. 6m
c. 14
20 10 40 ac 3
64 Pre-Algebra Lesson 4-4 Daily Notetaking Guide L1 65
L1 Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 4-4
16 Pre-Algebra All-In-One Answers Version B L1
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version B (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 4-5 Solve a Simpler Problem Example.
Lesson Objective NAEP 2005 Strand: Algebra
4. What pattern do you see?
1 Solve complex problems by first Topic: Patterns, Relations, and Functions Check students’ work.
solving simpler cases
Local Standards: ____________________________________ 5. How many different groups of two committee members are there?
10
Example. Look Back and Check
1 Aaron, Chris, Maria, Sonia, and Ling are on a class committee. They want to Another way to solve this problem is to use a diagram. Draw line
choose two members to present their conclusions to the class. How many segments to represent the number of different groups of 2 members
different groups of two members can they form? that can be formed.
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All rights reserved.
Aaron
Understand the Problem
1. What do you need to find?
the number of different groups of two members that can be formed
2. How many people are there in all? Maria Chris
5
3. How many people will present their conclusions?
2
Make and Carry Out a Plan Sonia Ling
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
To make sure that you account for every pair of committee members, make an
organized list. There are 10 line segments. The answer checks. ✔
Solve a simpler problem. Change the problem to a simpler one based on three
All rights reserved.
committee members, and then try four members to see if there is a pattern. Quick Check.
Three Members Four Members 1. Suppose there were 8 people on the committee. How many different groups
(Aaron, Chris, Maria) (Aaron, Chris, Maria, Sonia) of two committee members would there be?
Chris
Chris 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 28
Aaron Aaron Maria
Maria
Sonia
Maria
Chris Maria Chris
Sonia
Maria Sonia
(Chris has already been paired with (Maria has already been paired with
Aaron .) Aaron and Chris .)
66 Pre-Algebra Lesson 4-5 Daily Notetaking Guide L1 L1 Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 4-5
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Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 4-6 Rational Numbers Examples.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strands: Number Properties and Operations;
2 Graphing a Rational Number Graph each rational number on the
number line below.
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1 Identify and graph rational numbers Algebra
2 Evaluate fractions containing Topics: Number Sense; Variables, Expressions, and a. 234 b. 0.5 c. 13
variables Operations
Local Standards: ____________________________________ 1 3 0 1 0.5 1
4 3
Vocabulary.
3 Science A fast sports car can accelerate from a stop to 90 ft/s in 5 seconds.
A rational number is any number you can write as a quotient a of two integers, where What is its acceleration in feet per second per second (ft/s2)? Use the formula
b
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All rights reserved.
f2i
b is not zero. a5 t , where a is acceleration, f is final speed, i is initial speed, and
t is time.
Rational Numbers f i
7 a t
Use the acceleration formula.
6 4
7 8
Integers
90 0
Substitute.
1 Whole 12 5
3 6
Numbers 0.25
4 90
3
7 75 0 3 Subtract.
1 103 5
7
21.84 2 18 Write in simplest form.
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
The car’s acceleration is 18 ft/s 2.
Example. Quick Check.
2. Graph each rational number on the number line below.
1 Writing Equivalent Fractions Write two lists of fractions equivalent to 23.
4 6 a. 212 b. 2 c. 0.9
2
3 6 9 ... Numerators and denominators are positive.
2 1 0 0.9 2
2
2 4
2
3 3 6
... Numerators and denominators are negative.
3. Evaluate each expression for a 6 and b 5. Write in simplest form.
Quick Check. 1b
a. a 23 2b
b. 7 3a c. a 1
b
9
1. Write two fractions equivalent to each fraction.
1
3
2
3
3
2 22 8 24
a. 13 6 26 b. 245 2 10 5
210 21
c. 58
10
16 216 d. 212 22
4 2
68 Pre-Algebra Lesson 4-6 Daily Notetaking Guide L1 L1 Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 4-6
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L1 All-In-One Answers Version B Pre-Algebra
17
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version B (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 4-7 Exponents and Multiplication Examples.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Algebra
2 Using the Commutative Property Simplify 3a 3 ? 5a 4.
1 Multiply powers with the same base Topic: Variables, Expressions, and Operations Use the Commutative Property
3a 3 ? 5a 4 3 ? 5 ? a 3 ? a 4
2 Find a power of a power of Multiplication.
Local Standards: ____________________________________
3 4
15a Add the exponents.
Key Concepts. 15a7 Simplify.
Multiplying Powers with the Same Base 3 Simplifying Powers of Powers Simplify each expression.
To multiply numbers or variables with the same base, add the 3 3
a. (2 3 ) 3 (2) Multiply the exponents.
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All rights reserved.
exponents.
9
(2) Simplify the exponent.
Arithmetic Algebra
23 ? 24 2 3 4
2 7
a
m
?a
n
a
m n
, for positive integers m and n. 512 Simplify.
5 4
b. ( g 5 ) 4 g Multiply the exponents.
Finding a Power of a Power
20
To find a power of a power, multiply the exponents. (g) Simplify the exponent.
Arithmetic Algebra
m ? n
Quick Check.
3 ? 4 12
(2 3 ) 4 2 2 (a m ) n a , for positive integers m and n.
2. Simplify each expression.
a. 6a 3 ? 3a b. 5c 2 ? 3c 7
Example. 18a 4 15c 9
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1 Multiplying Powers Simplify each expression.
2 3 Add the exponents of powers with the same base.
a. 5 2 ? 5 3 5
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5
5 Simplify the exponent.
3,125 Simplify.
5 7 2 1 Add the exponents of powers with the same base. 3. Simplify each expression.
b. x 5 ? x 7 ? y 2 ? y x ?y
3 a. (2 4 ) 2 b. (c 5 ) 4
x 12 y Simplify.
256 c 20
Quick Check.
1. Simplify each expression.
a. 2 2 ? 2 3 b. m 5 ? m 7
32 m 12
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Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 4-8 Exponents and Division Examples.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Algebra
2 Simplifying When Zero is an Exponent Simplify each expression.
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1 Divide expressions containing Topic: Variables, Expressions, and Operations (212) 73 73
exponents (12) 73 Subtract the exponents.
(212) 73
2 Simplify expressions with integer Local Standards: ____________________________________
0
exponents (12) Simplify.
1 Simplify.
Key Concepts.
4
3 Using Positive Exponents Simplify z15.
Dividing Powers With the Same Base z
z4 4 15 Subtract the exponents.
All rights reserved.
All rights reserved.
To divide numbers or variables with the same nonzero base, subtract z
z15
the exponents. 11
Arithmetic Algebra z
1
Write with a positive exponent.
45 4 5 2 4 3 am a m n , for a 0 and positive integers m and n.
an z 11
42
2 3
Zero as an Exponent Negative Exponents 4 Using Negative Exponents Write a b15 without a fraction bar.
ab
Arithmetic Algebra Arithmetic Algebra
a2b3 2 1 3 15
30 1 a 0 1 , for a 0. 3–2 12 a–n 1n, for a 0. a b Use the rule for dividing powers with the same base.
3 a ab15
1 12
a b Subtract the exponents.
Example. 12
ab Simplify.
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1 Dividing a Power by a Power Simplify each expression.
12 12 8
a. 4 8 4 Subtract the exponents. Quick Check.
4
4 4
Simplify the exponent. Simplify each expression.
256 Simplify. 2 6 1 0 5 2 1
2. 5 x6 5 x 5 3. 47 4 16
5x 4
18 18 13
b. w13 w Subtract the exponents.
w 4. Write each fraction without a fraction bar.
5
w Simplify the exponent. 3 3 2
a. b9 b 6 b. m6n8 m 3 n 6
b m n
Quick Check.
1. Simplify each expression.
7 5
a. 104 b. 12m
10 3m
1,000 4m 4
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18 Pre-Algebra All-In-One Answers Version B L1
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version B (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 4-9 Scientific Notation Examples.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Number Properties and Operations
2 Writing in Standard Notation Write each number in standard notation.
1 Write and evaluate numbers in Topic: Number Sense a. 3.6 10 4 b. 7.2 10 3
scientific notation Write zeros while moving the
Local Standards: ____________________________________
3.6000 007.2
2 Calculate with scientific notation decimal point.
36,000 Rewrite in standard notation. 0.0072
Vocabulary. 3 Multiplying with Scientific Notation Multiply.
Scientific notation is a way to write numbers using powers of 10. A number (8.9 10 2)(4 10 8) Express the result in scientific notation.
written in scientific notation is written as the product of two factors.
(8.9 10 2)(4 10 8)
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All rights reserved.
Second factor is
12 8.9 4 10 2 10 8 Use the Commutative Property of
7,500,000,000,000 7.5 10 a power of 10 .
Multiplication.
35.6 10 2 10 8 Multiply 8.9 and 4.
First factor is greater than or
35.6 10 6 Add the exponents.
equal to 1 , but less than 10 .
3.56 10 1 10 6 Write 35.6 as 35.6 10 1 .
You can change numbers from scientific notation to standard notation
3.56 10 7 Add the exponents.
by simplifying the product of the two factors.
Quick Check.
Example.
1. Write each number in scientific notation.
1 Writing in Scientific Notation
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
a. 54,500,000 b. 0.00021
a. About 6,300,000 people visited the Eiffel Tower in the year 2000. Write
5.45 10 7 2.1 10 4
this number in scientific notation.
Move the decimal point to get a decimal greater than 1
All rights reserved.
6,300,000
but less than 10 .
6 places
2. Write each number in standard notation.
6.3 Drop the zeros after the 3.
a. 3.21 10 7 b. 5.9 10 8
You moved the decimal point 6 places. The number is
6 32,100,000 0.000000059
6.3 10 large. Use 6 as the exponent of 10.
b. Write 0.00037 in scientific notation.
Move the decimal point to get a decimal greater than 1 3. Multiply (7.1 10 8 )(8 10 4 ). Express the result in scientific notation.
0.00037
but less than 10 .
5.68 10 3
4 places
3.7 Drop the zeros after the 3.
4 You moved the decimal point 4 places. The number is
3.7 10
small. Use 4 as the exponent of 10.
74 Pre-Algebra Lesson 4-9 Daily Notetaking Guide L1 L1 Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 4-9
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Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 5-1 Comparing and Ordering Rational Numbers Example.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Number Properties and Operations 3 Ordering Fractions Order 2 37 , 1, 41 , and 23 from least to greatest.
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1 Find the least common multiple Topic: Number Sense
All negative numbers are less than all positive numbers, so 2 73 and -1
2 Compare fractions
Local Standards: ____________________________________ are both less than 41 and 23. Compare each pair.
-1 = -1 Change -1 to a fraction by using 1 as its denominator.
Vocabulary. 1
The LCM of 1 and 7 is 7 . Use 7 as the common
-1 ? 7 -7
A multiple is a product of a number and any nonzero whole number. 1 denominator.
7 7
A least common multiple (LCM) is the lowest multiple that is common to two or more
1 ? 21 21
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numbers. 1 The LCM of 7, 4, and 3 is 84 .
4
4 ? 21 84 Use 84 as the common denominator.
A least common denominator (LCD) is the least common multiple of the denominators
of two or more fractions. 2 ? 28 56
2
3
3 ? 28 84
Examples.
- 7 - 3 and 21 56 3 1
84 , so -1 - 7 4
2
3.
1 Using Multiples to find the LCM Find the LCM of 7 and 3. 7 7 84
7, 14, 21 , 28 , 35 , 42 ,... List the multiples of 7.
3, 6, 9 , 12 , 15 , 18 , 21 ,... List the multiples of 3. Quick Check.
1. Use multiples to find the LCM.
The LCM is 21 .
a. 3, 4 12 b. 3, 4, 5 60
2 Using Prime Factorization Find the LCM of 16 and 36.
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
16 24 Write the prime factorizations.
36 22 ? 32
2. Use prime factorization to find the LCM.
LCM 24 ? 32 Use the greatest power of each factor.
a. 6, 16 48 b. 12, 15, 18 180
144 Multiply.
The LCM of 16 and 36 is 144 .
3. Compare the fractions in each pair.
a. 67 4
5
b. 23 34 c. 234 210
˛
7˛
4. Order from least to greatest.
a. 2 , 1 , 5 1, 5 ,2 b. 3 , 1 , 1 , 7 1, 3 ,1, 7
3 6 12 6 12 3 10 5 2 12
5 10 2 12
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L1 All-In-One Answers Version B Pre-Algebra
19
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version B (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 5-2 Fractions and Decimals Example.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Number Properties and Operations
3 Writing a Repeating Decimal as a Fraction Write 0.18 as a fraction in
1
simplest form.
Write fractions as decimals Topic: Number Sense
2 Write terminating and repeating n 0.18 Let the variable n equal the decimal.
decimals as fractions Local Standards: ____________________________________
Because 2 digits repeat, multiply each side by
100 n 苶
18.18 2
10 , or 100 .
Vocabulary. n
100 苶
18.18
The Subtraction Property of Equality lets you
A terminating decimal is a decimal with a finite number of digits. n 0.18 subtract the same value from each side of the
equation. So, subtract to eliminate 0.18.
A repeating decimal is a decimal in which the same block of digits repeats without end. 99n 18
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99n 18
Examples. Divide each side by 99 .
99 99
1 Writing Fractions as Decimals Write each fraction as a decimal. State the
block of digits that repeats. 9
18 Divide the numerator and denominator by the
n
a. 56 56 0.83333... Divide. 99 9 GCF, 9 .
0.83 Place a bar over the digit that repeats.
2
5 Simplify.
0.83 ; the digit that repeats is 3 . 11
6
7 2
b. 11 7 11 0.636363... Divide.
As a fraction in simplest form, 0.18 .
11
0.63 Place a bar over the block of digits
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
that repeats.
7
Quick Check.
0.63 ; the block of digits that repeats is 63 .
11 1. Write each fraction as a decimal. State whether the decimal is terminating or
repeating. If the decimal repeats, state the block of digits that repeats.
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2 Writing a Decimal as a Fraction Write 1.72 as a mixed number in 7
a. 9 0.7, repeating; 7 b. 22
21
0.954; repeating; 5 and 4
simplest form.
72 Keep the whole number 1. 11 8
1.72 1 c. 8 1.375; terminating d. 11 0.72; repeating; 7 and 2
100 Write seventy-two hundredths as a fraction.
2. Write as a fraction or a mixed number in simplest form.
72 4 Divide the numerator and denominator.
1 a. 1.75 b. 0.65
4 of the fraction by the GCF, 4 . 13 13
100 4 20
18
1 Simplify.
25
3. Write each decimal as a fraction in simplest form.
a. 0.7 7 b. 0.54 6
9 11
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Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 5-3 Adding and Subtracting Fractions Example.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Number Properties and Operations 3 Adding Mixed Numbers Suppose one day you rode a bicycle for
3 1 hours and jogged for 1 1 hours. How many hours did you exercise?
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1 Add and subtract fractions Topic: Number Operations 2 4
2 Add and subtract mixed numbers
Local Standards: ____________________________________ 7 5
3 21 1 41 Write mixed numbers as improper fractions.
2 4
Examples. 7 ? 4 5 ? 2
Rewrite using a common denominator.
1 Like Denominators Find each sum or difference. Simplify if possible. 2 ? 4
a. 4 2 b. 12 5
4 2
=
Add the 12 5 Subtract the 28 10
9 9 =
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9 numerators. b b numerators. Use the Order of Operations to simplify.
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b 8
6
= Simplify. 7 38
9 = Simplify.
Add.
b 8
2
= Write in 6
3 simplest form. 4 Write as a mixed number.
8
2 Unlike Denominators Simplify each difference.
3
1 ? 4 3 ? 6 4 Simplify.
1
6
34 = Rewrite using a common denominator. 4
6 ? 4
You exercised for 43
4 hours.
4 18
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= Use the Order of Operations to simplify.
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
24 Quick Check.
14 2. Simplify each sum or difference.
= Simplify.
24 a. 2 78 1 43 b. 3 2 m
7
2
7
= Write in simplest form. 21 3m 2 14
8 7m
12
2 1 3 7
c. 5 3 2 3 6 d. 2 8 1 8
Quick Check.
1. Find the sum or difference. Simplify if possible. 21 31
2 4
3 1 2 3
a. 7 1 7 47 b. k 1 k k5
3. A recipe for punch calls for 1 12 qt of orange juice, 1 41 qt of ginger ale, and
3
4 qt of cranberry juice. How many quarts of punch will the recipe make?
3 1 qt
2
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Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version B (continued)
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Lesson 5-4 Multiplying and Dividing Fractions Examples.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Number Properties and Operations
2 Dividing Fractions
1 Multiply fractions Topic: Number Operations 7.
Find 35 4 10
2 Divide fractions
Local Standards: ____________________________________ 10
3 7 3 Multiply by the reciprocal
5 10 5
?
of the divisor.
7
Vocabulary.
2
Reciprocals are two numbers with a product of 1. 35 ? 10
7 Divide the common factors.
1
Example.
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All rights reserved.
6
Multiply. Simplify if necessary.
1 Multiplying Fractions 7
3 Dividing Mixed Numbers Find 4 12 4 a23 38 b .
a. Find 34 ? 23. 5 ? 3w.
b. Find w 17
3 2
1 1
3 2
4 ? 3 4 ? 3
2 1
Divide common factors. 5 ? 3w
w 17
5 ? 3w
w 17
1
1
4 12 (3 38 ) 92
) 27
8 ) Change to improper fractions.
1
2
Multiply.
15
17
92 ?
) 8
27 ) Multiply by
27
8
, the reciprocal of 27
8
.
1 4
9 ? 8
27 Divide the common factors.
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
Quick Check. 2
1 3
1. Find each product. Simplify if possible.
4 1
a. 23 ? 76 b. 2x ? 3 , or 1 Simplify.
9 4
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3 3
4 x
7 6
Quick Check.
2. Find each quotient. Simplify if possible.
a. 2 14 4 21 b. 3b 6
7 47
21 b
2
c. 3 34 ? 52 d. 23 ? 1 27 2
11 6
2 7
c. 1 13 4 65 d. 21 35 4 1 15
13 21 1
5 3
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Lesson 5-5 Using Customary Units of Measurement Examples.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Measurement
2 Using Dimensional Analysis Use dimensional analysis to convert
68 fluid ounces to cups.
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1 Identify appropriate customary units Topic: Systems of Measurement
2 Convert customary units 68 fl oz. 68 fl oz. ? 1c
Use a conversion factor that changes fluid ounces to cups.
Local Standards: ____________________________________ 1
8 fl oz.
17
Vocabulary. 68 fl oz. ? 1 c Divide the common factors and units.
8 fl oz.
2
Dimensional analysis is a process of analyzing units to decide which conversion
factors to use. 17
c Simplify.
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Customary Units of Measure 2
1
Type Length Capacity Weight 8 c Write as a mixed number.
2
Fluid ounce (fl oz)
Inch (in.)
Cup (c) Ounce (oz)
Foot (ft) There are 81 c in 68 fl oz.
Unit Pint (pt) Pound (lb) 2
Yard (yd)
Quart (qt) Ton (t)
Mile (mi)
Gallon (gal) 3 Using Dimensional Analysis Use dimensional analysis to convert
3 1 quarts to pints.
1 ft = 12 in. 1 c = 8 fl oz 2
1 yd = 3 ft 1 pt = 2 c 1 lb = 16 oz 2 pt
1 7
Equivalents 3 qt qt ? Use a conversion factor that changes quarts to pints.
1 mi = 5,280 ft 1 qt = 2 pt 1 t = 2,000 lb 2 2 1 qt
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
= 1,760 yd 1 gal = 4 qt 1
7 qt 2 pt
? Divide the common factors and units.
2 1 qt
1
Example.
7 pt Multiply.
1 Choosing a Unit of Measure Choose an appropriate unit of measure.
Explain your choice. There are 7 pints in 3 12 quarts.
a. weight of a hummingbird
Measure its weight in ounces because a hummingbird is very light.
Quick Check.
b. length of a soccer field Complete each equation.
Measure its length in yards because it is too long to measure in 7 pt 2 c
2. 14 in. 14 in. ? 1 ft
1
3. 312 pt 2 ? 1 pt
feet inches miles 12 in.
or and too short to measure in .
11 ft 7 c
6
Quick Check.
1. Choose an appropriate unit of measure. Explain.
a. length of a swimming pool b. capacity of an eyedropper
Feet; inches are too small and miles are Fluid ounces; the capacity of a cup is
too large. too large.
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Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version B (continued)
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Lesson 5-6 Work Backward
Example.
Lesson Objective NAEP 2005 Strand: Number Properties and Operations
Breakfast Leave home
1 Solve problems by working backward Topic: Number Operations
Local Standards: ____________________________________
Example.
1 Travel Your flight leaves the airport at 10:00 A.M. You must arrive 2 hours
early to check your luggage. The drive to the airport takes about 90 minutes. 7:15 5:45
A.M. A.M.
A stop for breakfast takes about 30 minutes. It will take about 15 minutes to
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park and get to the terminal. At what time should you leave home? You should leave home at 5:45 A.M.
Understand the Problem Check the Answer
Think about the information you are given. Check the departure time. Find the total time needed.
1. What do you want to find?
90 min 30 min 15 min 120 min 255 min
The time that I should leave home.
Add 255 minutes to your departure time.
2. What is your arrival time?
8:00 A.M. 5:45 0:255 5: 300
3. How much time will you spend driving to the airport? 5: 300 300 min 5 h
90 minutes
5: 300 5 hours after 5:00, or 10:00 A.M.
4. How much time will you spend eating breakfast?
Since your flight leaves at 10:00 A.M., your departure time is correct.
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
30 minutes
5. How much time will you spend parking and getting to the terminal? Quick Check.
15 minutes 1. Suppose you find out the night before that the flight is delayed until 11:15 A.M.
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What time should you leave home?
Make and Carry Out a Plan
7:00 A.M.
You know that the series of events must end at 10:00 A.M. Work backward
to find when the events must begin.
Redraw the hands of the clock to find the time you should leave home.
Write the starting time for each event.
Flight leaves Arrive at airport Park
10:00 A.M. 8:00 A.M. 7:45 A.M.
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Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 5-7 Solving Equations by Adding or Subtracting Fractions Example.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Number Properties and Operations
2 Solving by Adding Solve q 2 6 12 5 21 35 .
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1 Solve equations by subtracting Topic: Number Operations
fractions
Local Standards: ____________________________________ q - 6 1 -1 3
2 Solve equations by adding fractions 2 5
1 1 1
q - 61 6 -1 3 6 Add 6 to each side.
2 5
Example. 2 2 2
1 Solving by Subtracting One school recycles about 13 of its waste paper. 8 13 Write mixed numbers as
q -
The student council set a goal of recycling 34 of the school’s waste paper by 5 2
improper fractions.
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All rights reserved.
the end of the year. By how much does the school need to increase its paper
-8 ? 2 5 ? 13 Use 5 ? 2 as the common
recycling to reach the goal? q
5 ? 2 denominator.
fraction school the student
Words plus is 16 65
recycles increase goal q Use the Order of Operations.
10
Let n the increase.
49
1 3 q Simplify.
Equation n 10
3 4
1 n 9
3
34 q 4 Write as a mixed number.
10
1 1 1
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1 n 34 -
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Subtract from each side.
3 3
3 3
Quick Check.
3? 3 - 1 ?4 1. Solve and check each equation.
n Use 3 ? 4 as the common denominator.
3 ? 4 a. y 1 98 5 95 21 b. a 2 53 5 51 4
3 5
9 - 4
n Use the Order of Operations.
12
5 7 5 z 1 11
n Simplify. c. c 2 2 16 5 5 14 7 5 d. 3 18 3 2 1
12 18
12
5
To meet the student council goal, the school needs to recycle
more of its waste paper. 12
Check Is the answer reasonable? The present fraction of paper waste that
is recycled plus the increase must equal the goal. Since
11 5 5 4 1 5 9 3
3 12 12 12 12 4 , the answer is
reasonable.
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Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version B (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 5-8 Solving Equations by Multiplying Fractions Examples.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Algebra 3 Using Mixed Numbers How many 2 12 -ton trucks can you place on a rail
1 Solve equations by multiplying Topic: Equations and Inequalities car that has a carrying capacity of 15 tons?
fractions
2 Solve equations by multiplying mixed Local Standards: ____________________________________ weight of the number carrying
numbers Words times is
each truck of trucks capacity
Let n the number of trucks.
Examples.
1
1 Multiplying by a Reciprocal Solve 7y 13 . Equation 2 ? n 15
2
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7y 1
3
2 12 ? n 15
1 1
? (7y) ? 1 Multiply each side by 1 , the reciprocal of 7. 5 1
7 7 3 7 n 15 Write 2 as improper fraction.
2
2
1
y Simplify. 2 2 2 5
21 ? 52 n ? 15 Multiply each side by , the reciprocal of .
2
5 5 5
3
2 Multiplying by the Negative Reciprocal Solve 2 20 c 5 4.
27 9 n 2 ? 15 Divide common factors.
5?1
- 20 c 4 1
27 9
n 6 Simplify.
27 27
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
27 20
- (- 20
27 )
c - ( 49 ) Multiply each side by , the reciprocal of
27
.
20 20 20 6
You can place trucks on the rail car.
3 1
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c 27 ? 4 Divide common factors. Quick Check.
20 ? 9
5 1 2. Solve each equation.
3
a. 67r 34 b. 26n 5 73
c - Simplify.
1
5 7
8
14
Quick Check.
1. Solve each equation.
c. 3 12 n 5 28 7 5 1 1r
a. 2y 5 97 b. 3a 5 54 c. 29 t 5 65 d. 2 20 6
7 4 8 3
18 15 33
4
10
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Lesson 5-9 Powers of Products and Quotients Examples.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Algebra
2 Working With a Negative Sign
a. Simplify (3a) 4.
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1 Find powers of products Topic: Variables, Expressions, and Operations
4 4
2 Find powers of quotients (3a) 4 (3) (a)
Local Standards: ____________________________________
(3a) 4 81a 4
Key Concepts. b. Simplify (3a) 4.
4
(3a) 4 (1)(3a)
Raising a Product to a Power 4 4
To raise a product to a power, raise each factor to the power. (3a) 4 (1)(3) (a)
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All rights reserved.
Arithmetic Algebra (3a) 4 81a 4
4 4 m m
(5 ? 3)4 5 ?3 (ab)m a b for any positive integer m
Quick Check.
2. Simplify each expression.
Raising a Quotient to a Power a. (2y) 4 b. (5a 2 b) 3
To raise a quotient to a power, raise both the numerator and denominator
16y 4 ⫺125a 6 b 3
to the power.
Arithmetic Algebra
4 m
4 2 m a
( 23 )
4
( ba )
m
, for b 0 and any positive integer m
3 b
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
3. Simplify each expression.
3 2 3
a. a 12 b b. a 2x
3
b
Example.
1 8x6
1 Simplifying a Power of a Product Simplify (3z 5 ) 4. 8 27
(3z 5) 4 3 4
? ( z5 ) 4
Raise each factor to the fourth power.
34 ? z 5 ? 4 Use the Rule for Raising a Power to a Power.
3 4 ? z 20 Multiply exponents.
81z 20 Simplify.
Quick Check.
1. Simplify each expression.
a. (2(3))3 b. (2p)4 c. (5x3)2
216 16p 4 25x 6
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Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version B (continued)
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Lesson 6-1 Ratios and Unit Rates
Example.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Number Properties and Operations
2 Unit Cost The table shows prices for different packages of index cards.
1 Write and simplify ratios Topic: Ratios and Proportional Reasoning Size
What size has the lowest unit cost? (cards) Price
2 Find rates and unit rates
Local Standards: ____________________________________ $3.00 $.03 100 $3.00
price
100 cards: S 50 $2.00
number of cards 100 cards card
Vocabulary and Key Concepts. $2.00 $.04 25 $1.25
price Find the
50 cards: S unit costs.
number of cards 50 cards card
Ratio price $1.25 $.05
25 cards: S
A ratio is a comparison of two quantities by division. number of cards 25 cards card
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All rights reserved.
The 100 -card pack has the lowest unit cost.
Arithmetic Algebra
10
Quick Check.
10 to 15 10 : 15 a to b a:b a , for b ≠ 0
b 1. Using the data from Example 1, write each ratio as a fraction in simplest
15
form.
a. students with jobs to all students surveyed b. students without jobs to students with jobs
A rate is a ratio that compares quantities in different units. 40 2 60 3
A unit rate is a rate that has a denominator of 1. 100 5 40 2
2. Find each unit rate.
a. Two liters of spring water cost $1.98. b. A car goes 425 mi on 12.5 gal of gas.
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
Example. $.99/L 34 mi/gal
1 Surveys A survey asks students whether they had after-school jobs. After-School Jobs
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Write each ratio as a fraction in simplest form. Response Number
Have a job 40
Don’t have a job 60
Total 100
a. all students surveyed to students b. all students surveyed to students with jobs.
without jobs all students surveyed
100
all students surveyed students with jobs
100 40
students without jobs 60
5
5
2
3
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Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 6-2 Proportions
Examples.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Number Properties and Operations
2 Testing for a Proportion Do the ratios 53 and 21
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1 Solve proportions Topic: Ratios and Proportional Reasoning
form a proportion? Explain.
35
2 Use proportions to solve problems 3 ⱨ 21 Test by writing as a proportion.
Local Standards: ____________________________________ 5 35
3? 35 ⱨ5? 21 Write cross products.
Vocabulary and Key Concepts. 105 105 Simplify.
The ratios do form a proportion. The cross products are equal.
Cross Products
In a proportion, the cross products are equal . 3 Measurement One hundred rods is about 275 fathoms. To the nearest
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All rights reserved.
fathom, how many fathoms is 25 rods?
Arithmetic Algebra
Let d distance in fathoms.
6 8 a c
9 12 b d length in rods S 100 25 d distance in rods
length in fathoms S 275 d d distance in fathoms
6? 12 9? 8 72 ad bc
100d 275(25) Write cross products.
275(25)
d Divide each side by 100 .
100
A proportion is an equality of two ratios.
d < 69 A calculator may be useful.
The cross products of the proportion a dc are ad and bc .
b
25 rods is about 69 fathoms.
Example.
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
y Quick Check.
1 Multiplying to Solve a Proportion Solve 27 14 .
Cross-Products Method 1. Solve each proportion.
2 y a. h9 23 t
b. 54 55
7 14
2 ? 14 7 ? y Write cross products. 6 44
28 7y Multiply.
28 7y
Divide each side by 7 .
7 7 2. Tell whether the two ratios form a proportion. Explain.
4 y Simplify. a. 69 , 46 b. 15 ,5
20 7
yes, cross products are no, cross products are
equal. not equal.
3. To the nearest rod, about how many rods is 100 fathoms?
36 rods
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Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version B (continued)
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Lesson 6-3 Similar Figures and Scale Drawings
Example.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strands: Geometry; Measurement 2 Scale Drawings The scale of a map is 1 in. : 24 mi. About how far is it
1 Solve problems that involve similar Topics: Transformation of Shapes and Preservation between two cities that are 3 in. apart on the map?
figures of Properties; Systems of Measurement
map (in.) S 1 3 d map (in.)
2 Solve problems that involve scale Write a proportion.
drawings Local Standards: ____________________________________ actual (mi) S 24 d d actual (mi)
1 ? d 24 ? 3 Write cross products.
Vocabulary and Key Concepts. d 72 Simplify.
Similar Figures It is about 72 mi between the two cities.
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All rights reserved.
Similar figures have two properties:
• The corresponding angles have equal measures.
Quick Check..
• The lengths of corresponding sides are in proportion .
1. Trapezoid KLMN is similar to trapezoid ABCD in Example 1. K y L
Find the value of y.
Similar figures have the same shape, but not necessarily the same size. 10
Indirect measurement is a process that involves using similar figures to compute distances N 5 M
that are difficult to measure directly.
A scale drawing is an enlarged or reduced drawing that is similar to an actual object or
place.
2. The distance from Atlanta to Macon is about 75 mi. On a map whose scale
The symbol means is similar to.
is 1 in. : 24 mi, what is the approximate map distance between these two
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
cities?
Example.
318 in.
1 Using Similar Figures Trapezoid ABCD trapezoid EFGH. Find the
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value of k.
A 6 B
E k F
D 3 C H 2 G
Write a proportion for corresponding sides.
Side AB corresponds 6 3 Side CD corresponds
to side EF . k 2 to side GH .
6 ? 2 k ? 3 Write cross products.
6?2 3k
Divide each side by 3 .
3 3
4 k Simplify.
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Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 6-4 Probability
Example.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Data Analysis and Probability 3 Odds You have five different coins in your pocket: a penny, a nickel, a dime,
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1 Find probability Topic: Probability a quarter, and a half-dollar. You pull out one coin at random. What are the
2 Find odds
Local Standards: ____________________________________
odds in favor of the coin being worth less than ten cents?
2 d 2 are worth less than ten cents.
odds in favor
Vocabulary. 3 d 3 are not.
Outcomes are the possible results of an action. 2
An event is any outcome or group of outcomes. The odds are , or 2 to 3 , in favor of the coin being worth less
3
All rights reserved.
All rights reserved.
number of favorable outcomes than ten cents.
The probability of an event P(event)
number of possible outcomes
An impossible event has probability 0 . A certain event has probability 1 . Quick Check.
The complement of an event is the opposite of that event. 1. Find each probability for one roll of a number cube.
A part/part ratio, called odds, describes the likelihood of an event. a. P(odd number) b. P(2) c. P(5 or 6)
3 1 1 2 1
Examples.
6 2 6 6 3
1 Finding Probability Find P(rolling a prime number) with one number cube.
number of favorable outcomes S 3 d 3 prime-number outcomes (2, 3, 5) 2. When you roll a number cube, what is P(not 2)?
number of possible outcomes S 6 d 6 possible outcomes
5
1
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
3
P(rolling a prime number) ,or . 6
6 2
3. You choose one coin at random from the five coins in Example 3 above.
2 Finding the Probability of the Complement When you roll a number a. What are the odds that it is silver?
cube, what is P(not 1 or 6)?
4 to 1
P(not 1 or 6) P(1 or 6) 1 Write an equation.
2 b. What are the odds that it is not silver?
P(not 1 or 6) 1 Substitute. P (1 or 6) has 2 successful outcomes.
6 1 to 4
2 2 2 2 c. Consider the event that the coin is worth more than 15 cents.
P(not 1 or 6) 1 Subtract from each side.
6 6 6 6 i. What are the odds in favor of the event?
4 2 2 to 3
P(not 1 or 6) Simplify.
6 3 ii. What are the odds against the event?
3 to 2
100 Pre-Algebra Lesson 6-4 Daily Notetaking Guide L1 L1 Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 6-4
101
L1 All-In-One Answers Version B Pre-Algebra
25
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version B (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 6-5 Fractions, Decimals, and Percents
Example.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Number Properties and Operations 4 Writing a Fraction as a Percent Four out of seven members of the chess
1 Write percents as fractions and Topic: Number Sense club are boys. What percent of the chess club members are boys?
decimals
2 Write decimals and fractions as percents Local Standards: ____________________________________ 4
Write a fraction.
7
Vocabulary.
47 0.5714 Divide the numerator by the denominator.
A percent is a ratio that compares a number to 100. 57.14% Write as a percent.
About 57% of the chess club members are boys.
Examples.
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All rights reserved.
1 Writing a Percent as a Fraction Write each percent as a fraction or a
mixed number. Quick Check.
a. 30% b. 175% 1. Write each percent as a fraction or mixed number in simplest form.
30 Write as a fraction with a 175 Write as a fraction with a
denominator of 100 . denominator of 100 . a. 58% b. 72%
100 100
29 18
3 7 50 25
Simplify. Simplify.
10 4
3 2. Write each percent as a decimal.
1 Write as a mixed number.
4 a. 16% b. 62.5%
0.16 0.625
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
2 Writing a Percent as a Decimal Express 7.3% as a decimal.
7.3
7.3% Write as a fraction with a denominator of 100 .
100
Divide a decimal by 100 by moving the decimal point two places
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007.3 3. Write each decimal as a percent.
to the left. You may need to write one or more zeros.
a. 0.4 b. 1.75
0.073
40% 175%
3 Writing a Decimal as a Percent Express 0.412 as a percent.
412
0.412 Rewrite as a fraction.
1,000
4. Three out of eleven families in the United States own cats. To the nearest
412 10 Divide the numerator and the denominator percent, what percent of families own cats?
1,000 10 by 10 to get a denominator of 100 .
27%
41.2
Simplify.
100
41.2 % Write as a percent.
102 Pre-Algebra Lesson 6-5 Daily Notetaking Guide L1 L1 Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 6-5
103
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 6-6 Proportions and Percents
Example.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Number Properties and Operations
3 Finding the Whole A tile floor has 90 blue tiles, which is 15% of all the
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1 Find a part of a whole and a percent Topic: Ratios and Proportional Reasoning
2 Find a whole amount
tiles in the floor. How many tiles are in the floor in all?
Local Standards: ____________________________________
90
15 Write a proportion.
100
x
Key Concepts.
15 x 100 ( 90 ) Write cross products.
Percents and Proportions 15x 100(90)
Divide each side by 15 .
Finding the Percent Finding the Part Finding the Whole 15 15
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All rights reserved.
What percent of 40 is 6? What number is 15% of 40? 6 is 15% of what number?
x 600 Simplify.
6 d part n d part 6 d part
n 15 15
The floor has 600 tiles in all.
100 d whole 100 d whole 100
40 40 n d whole
Check Is the answer reasonable? The problem says the number of blue
tiles is 15%. 10% of 600 is 60 , so 5% of 600 is 30 , and 15%
Examples. is 60 30 90 . The answer is reasonable.
1 Finding Part of a Whole Find 23% of 158.
0% 0 n
Quick Check.
23
23% n d part Write a proportion. 1. Draw a model and write a proportion. Then solve.
100
158
a. 25% of 124 is 31 . b. 12.5% of 80 is 10 .
( )
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23 158 100 n Write cross products.
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0% 0 0% 0
100% 158 d whole 23(158) 100n 12.5% n
Divide each side by 100 . 25% n
100 100
36.34 n Simplify.
23% of 158 is 36.34 . 100% 124 100% 80
2 Finding a Percent What percent of 34 is 28? Round to the nearest tenth of 31; 25 ⫽ n 10; 12.5 ⫽ n
100 24 100 80
a percent.
0% 0 28
n 2. Round to the nearest tenth.
Write a proportion.
100 34 a. 14 is what percent of 15? b. 19 is 75% of what?
25.3
n% 28 d part
34 n 100 ( 28 ) Write cross products.
93.3%
34n 100(28)
100% 34 d whole Divide each side by 34 .
34 34 3. Entertainment In 2000, the number of drive-in movie screens was about
n 82.35… Simplify. 20.1% of the number in 1980. If there were 717 drive-in movie screens in
2000, about how many drive-in movie screens were there in 1980?
82.4 Round to the nearest tenth.
28 is approximately 82.4 % of 34. about 3,567 screens
104 Pre-Algebra Lesson 6-6 Daily Notetaking Guide L1 105
L1 Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 6-6
26 Pre-Algebra All-In-One Answers Version B L1
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version B (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 6-7 Percents and Equations Examples.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Number Properties and Operations
3 Sales and Commission A car salesman makes a 6.5% commission on each
1
car he sells. How much does he make on the sale of a car for $35,000?
Write and solve percent equations Topic: Ratios and Proportional Reasoning
2 Use equations in solving percent Words Amount of is 6.5% of $35,000
problems Local Standards: ____________________________________ commission
Let c amount of commission.
Vocabulary and Key Concepts.
Equation c 0.065 ? 35,000
Percent Equations
c 0.065 ? 35,000
Finding the Percent Finding the Part Finding the Whole
All rights reserved.
All rights reserved.
2,275
What percent of 40 is 6? What is 15% of 40? 6 is 15% of what?
n ? 40 6 n 0.15 ? 40 6 0.15 ? n The salesman’s commission is $2,275 .
Commission is pay based on an amount sold. 4 Surveys During a telephone survey, 414 people, or 46% of those called,
said they were watching station RFGT at the time of the call. How many
people were called?
Examples.
Words 414 is 46% of people called
1 Solving a Percent Equation What is 35% of 84?
n 0.35 ? 84 Write an equation. Write the percent as a decimal. Let n number of people called.
n 29.4 Simplify. Equation 414 0.46 ? n
35% of 84 is 29.4 . 0.46n 414
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
0.46n 414
2 Percents Greater Than 100% What percent of 26 is 65? 0.46 0.46
n ? 26 65 Write an equation.
n
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900
26n 65
Divide each side by 26 .
26 26 900 people were called.
n 2.5 Simplify.
250 % Change the decimal to a percent. Quick Check.
3. Royalties A singer receives a 5% royalty on each CD sale. To the nearest
65 is 250 % of 26.
cent, find his royalty for a CD that sells for $16.99.
$.85
Quick Check.
Write and solve an equation.
1. a. 0.96 is what percent of 10? b. 19.2 is 32% of what? 2. What is 145.5% of 20? 4. In a survey, 952 people, or 68%, preferred smooth peanut butter to crunchy.
How many people were surveyed?
0.96 ⫽ n ⭈ 10; 9.6% 19.2 ⫽ 0.32 ⭈ n; 60 n ⫽ 1.455 ⭈ 20; 29.1
1,400 people
106 Pre-Algebra Lesson 6-7 Daily Notetaking Guide L1 L1 Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 6-7
107
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 6-8 Percent of Change Examples.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Number Properties and Operations
2 Rainfall In a given year, Hillsboro had a total of 7.5 in. of rain by March 1
and a total of 22.5 in. by July 1. Find the percent of increase from 7.5 to 22.5.
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1 Find percent of increase Topic: Ratios and Proportional Reasoning
2 Find percent of decrease amount of increase 22.5 7.5 15
Local Standards: ____________________________________
amount of increase
percent of increase
original amount
Vocabulary.
15
The percent of change is the percent a quantity increases or decreases from its original
7.5
amount.
All rights reserved.
All rights reserved.
2
Example. 200 %
1 Finding Percent of Increase Find the percent of increase from 8 to 9.6.
The percent increase from March 1 to July 1 was 200% .
amount of increase 9.6 8 1.6
3 Finding Percent of Decrease Find the percent of decrease from 1,250 to 1,120.
amount of increase
percent of increase Write an equation. amount of decrease 1,250 1,120 130
original amount
amount of decrease
1.6 percent of decrease
Substitute. original amount
8
130
0.2 Simplify.
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1,250
20 % Write as a percent.
0.104
The percent of increase from 8 to 9.6 is 20% . 10.4 %
The percent of decrease from 1,250 to 1,120 is 10.4% .
Quick Check..
1. Find each percent of increase. Quick Check..
a. from 100 to 114 b. from 2.0 to 3.2 2. In the same year as in Example 2 above, Hillsboro had a total of 10.5 inches
14% 60% of rain by April 1. Find the percent of increase from 7.5 to 10.5.
40%
3. Find each percent of decrease.
a. from 9.6 to 4.8 b. from 200 to 190
50% 5.0%
108 Pre-Algebra Lesson 6-8 Daily Notetaking Guide L1 L1 Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 6-8
109
L1 All-In-One Answers Version B Pre-Algebra
27
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version B (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 6-9 Markup and Discount
Example.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Number Properties and Operations 4 Finding Sale Price A video game that regularly sells for $39.95 is on sale
1 Find markups Topic: Ratios and Proportional Reasoning for 20% off. What is the sale price?
2 Find discounts Local Standards: ____________________________________ Find the discount. Then find the sale price.
discount percent of discount ? regular price
Vocabulary. 0.20 ? 39.95
Markup is the amount of increase in price. 7.99
Percent of increase is the percent of markup. sale price regular price discount
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All rights reserved.
Discount is the amount of price decrease.
39.95 7.99
Percent of discount is the percent of decrease.
31.96
Examples. The sale price is $31.96 .
1 Finding Markup A grocery store has a 20% markup on a can of soup. The
can of soup costs the store $1.25. Find the markup. Quick Check.
markup percent of markup ? store’s cost 1. A clothing store pays $56 for a jacket. The store’s percent markup is 75%.
Find the markup for the jacket.
0.2 ? 1.25
$42
0.25
The markup is $.25 .
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
2. A $5 cap has a 70% markup. Find the selling price.
$8.50
2 Finding Selling Price A bookstore pays $4.60 for a novel. The percent
markup is 45%. Find the novel’s selling price.
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3. Pants priced at $21.99 are marked 15% off. Find the discount.
0.45 ? 4.60 2.07 Multiply to find the markup.
$3.30
4.60 2.07 6.67 store’s cost markup selling price
The selling price is $6.67 .
4. A computer software title that usually sells for $79.95 is on sale for 40% off.
What is the sale price?
3 Finding Discount A camera that regularly sells for $210 is on sale for 30%
$47.97
off. Find the discount.
discount percent of discount ? regular price
0.30 ? 210
63
The discount is $63 .
110 Pre-Algebra Lesson 6-9 Daily Notetaking Guide L1 L1 Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 6-9
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Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 6-10 Make a Table
Example.
Lesson Objective NAEP 2005 Strand: Number Properties and Operations
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1 Solve problems by making a table Topic: Ratios and Proportional Reasoning Complete the table below.
Local Standards: ____________________________________
6. Find the numbers for Column 4 by multiplying the numbers in Columns
2 and 3. Round to the nearest whole number.
7. Find the numbers for Column 5 by adding the numbers in Columns 2
Example.
and 4.
1 Martin had 100 trees in his orchard the first year. Each year after that, he
increased the number of trees in his orchard by 10%, rounded to the nearest 1 2 3 4 5
whole number. How many trees did he have in his orchard in the sixth year? Tree Count at Rate of Tree Count at
Increase in
All rights reserved.
Year Beginning of Increase Beginning of
All rights reserved.
Tree Count
Year (10%) Next Year
Understand the Problem Read the problem carefully. 1 100 0.1 10 110
1. What information are you given?
2 110 0.1 11 121
Martin had 100 trees in his orchard the first year. Each year after 3 121 0.1 12 133
that, he increased the number of trees in his orchard by 10% . 4 133 0.1 13 146
2. What information are you asked to find? 5 146 0.1 15 161
the number of trees in Martin’s orchard in the sixth year
8. What is your prediction for the number of trees in the orchard at the
beginning of the sixth year?
Make and Carry Out a Plan Decide on a strategy. You can use the percent
of increase to predict the increase in the number of trees in the orchard 161 trees
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
each year for six years. You can make a table to organize your predictions
for each year.
Check the Answer Your friend says that she knows a quicker way to find
3. How can you find the increase in the number of trees in the orchard
the answer. Simply multiply 100 ? 0.1 ? 6 to find the increase for the
from the beginning of the first year to the end of the first year?
six-year period. Do you agree with your friend’s approach? Explain your
Answers may vary. Sample: Multiply the number of trees at the beginning reasoning.
of the year by 10%.
Answers may vary. Sample: No, 100 ? 0.1 ? 6 gives six times 10% of the
number of trees at the beginning of the first year.
4. How can you find the number of trees in the orchard at the beginning of
the second year?
Answers may vary. Sample: Add the increase in the number of trees (from
Exercise 3) and 100. Quick Check.
1. Suppose the annual increase in the number of trees in the orchard is 15%.
5. The percent of increase is the same each year. Does that mean that the At that rate, how many trees will Martin have in the orchard at the
increase in the number of trees in the orchard will be the same each beginning of the sixth year?
year? Explain your reasoning.
201 trees
Answers may vary. Sample: No; the number of trees increases by 10% of
the new total every year.
112 Pre-Algebra Lesson 6-10 Daily Notetaking Guide L1 113
L1 Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 6-10
28 Pre-Algebra All-In-One Answers Version B L1
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version B (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 7-1 Solving Two-Step Equations Examples.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Algebra
2 Negative Coefficients Solve 7 3b 1.
1 Solve two-step equations Topic: Equations and Inequalities 7 3b 1
2 Use two-step equations to solve
Local Standards: ____________________________________ ⫺7 7 3b ⫺7 1 Add ⫺7 to each side.
problems
0 3b ⫺6 Simplify.
Example. 3b ⫺6 0 3b ⫺3b
1 Undoing an Operation Solve 5v 12 8. ⫺6
3b
5v 12 8 Divide each side by ⫺3 .
⫺3 ⫺3
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All rights reserved.
5v 12 12 8 12 Add 12 to each side.
b 2 Simplify.
5v 20 Simplify.
20 3 Using Two-Step Equations You borrow $350 to buy a bicycle. You agree
5v
Divide each side by 5 . to pay $100 the first week, and then $25 each week until the balance is paid
5 5 off. To find how many weeks w it will take you to pay for the bicycle, solve
v 4 Simplify. 100 25w 350.
100 25w 350
Check 5v 12 8
100 25w 100 350 100 Subtract 100 from each side.
( ) 12 ⱨ 8
5 4 Replace v with 4 .
25w 250 Simplify.
20 12 ⱨ 8 Multiply.
25w 250
8 8 Simplify. Divide each side by 25 .
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
25 25
w 10 Simplify.
Quick Check.
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It will take you 10 weeks to pay for the bicycle.
1. Solve each equation.
a. 15x 3 48 b. 4t 10 –6
Quick Check.
3 16
2. Solve each equation.
y
a. a 6 8 b. 9 7 12
2 21
c. b3 13 11 d. 9g 11 2
3. Jacob bought four begonias in 6-in. pots and a $19 fern at a fundraiser. He
6 1 spent a total of $63. Solve the equation 4p 19 63 to find the price p of
each begonia.
$11
114 Pre-Algebra Lesson 7-1 Daily Notetaking Guide L1 L1 Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 7-1
115
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Lesson 7-2 Solving Multi-Step Equations Example.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Algebra
2 Using the Distributive Property Solve 44 5(r 4) r.
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1 Combine like terms to simplify an Topic: Equations and Inequalities 44 5(r 4) r
equation
Local Standards: ____________________________________ 44 5r + 20 r Use the Distributive Property.
2 Use the Distributive Property to
simplify an equation 44 6r + 20 Combine like terms.
44 20 6r + 20 20 Subtract 20 from each side.
Vocabulary and Key Concepts.
24 6r Simplify.
Steps for Solving a Multi-Step Equation 24
6r
All rights reserved.
All rights reserved.
Step 1 Use the Distributive Property, if necessary. Divide each side by 6 .
6 6
Step 2 Combine like terms.
Step 3 Undo addition or subtraction. 4 r Simplify.
Step 4 Undo multiplication or division.
Quick Check.
Consecutive integers are a sequence of integers obtained by counting by ones from 1. a. Basketball Scores One basketball team defeated another by 13 points.
any integer. The total number of points scored by both teams was 171. Solve the
equation p p 13 171 to find the number of points p scored by the
winning team.
Example.
92 points
1 Finding Consecutive Integers The sum of two consecutive integers is 27.
Find the integers.
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
Words sum of two consecutive integers is 27
Let n the least integer.
Then n1 the second integer.
b. For consecutive even integers, the first is n, and the second is n 2. Find
Equation two consecutive even integers with a sum of 66.
n n 1 27
2n 1 27 Combine like terms. 32, 34
2n 1 1 27 1 Subtract 1 from each side.
2n 26 Simplify.
2n 26
Divide each side by 2 .
2 2 2. Solve the equation.
n 3(m 6) 4
13 Simplify.
42
3
If n 13 , then n 1 14 . The two integers are 13 and 14 .
116 Pre-Algebra Lesson 7-2 Daily Notetaking Guide L1 L1 Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 7-2
117
L1 All-In-One Answers Version B Pre-Algebra
29
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version B (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 7-3 Multi-Step Equations With Fractions and Decimals Example.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Algebra
3 Solving Multi-Step Equations With Decimals Suppose your cell phone
1
plan is $30 per month plus $.05 per minute. Your bill is $36.75. Use the
Solve multi-step equations with Topic: Equations and Inequalities
fractions equation 30 0.05x 36.75 to find the number of minutes on your bill.
2 Local Standards: ____________________________________
Solve multi-step equations with 30 0.05x 36.75
decimals
30 30 0.05x 36.75 30 Subtract 30 from each side.
Examples. 0.05x 6.75 Simplify.
1 Using the Reciprocal Solve 34 p 7 11. 0.05x 6.75
0.05 0.05 Divide each side by 0.05 .
3 p 7 11
4
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All rights reserved.
3p 7 7 x 135 Simplify.
4 11 7 Add 7 to each side.
3p There are 135 minutes on your bill.
18 Simplify.
4
4 4
? 34 p 18 ? Multiply each side by 4 , the reciprocal of 3 .
3 4
Quick Check.
3 3
1. Use a reciprocal to solve each equation.
6
7 k 14 21 b. 23(m 6) 3
1p 4 ?318 Divide common factors. a. 10
1
p 24 Simplify. 50 101
2
Check 3 p 7 11
4
3
4 ( 24 ) 7 11 ?
Replace p with 24 .
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
3 ? 24 6 7
?
11 Divide common factors.
4 1 2. Use the LCM to solve each equation.
?
18 7 11 Simplify.
All rights reserved.
7 y1
a. 12 6 b. 31b 1 56
11 11
3 51
2 Using the LCM Solve 21 y 3 23 . 4 2
1y 3 2
2 3
1
(
6 2y 3 6 3
2
) ( ) Multiply each side by 6, the LCM of 2 and 3.
2
1
6 ? 2y 6 ? 3 6 3 ( ) Use the Distributive Property.
3. Solve each equation.
3 y 18 4 Simplify. a. 1.5x 3.6 2.4 b. 1.06p 3 0.71
3y 14 Subtract 18 from each side. Simplify.
4 3.5
3y 14
Divide each side by 3 .
3 3
2
y 4 Simplify.
3
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119
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 7-4 Write an Equation Example.
Lesson Objective NAEP 2005 Strand: Algebra
Check the Answer
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1 Write an equation to solve a problem Topic: Equations and Inequalities
You can estimate to check the reasonableness of the answer.
Local Standards: ____________________________________
29.95 30
Example. 0.12 0.1 Round each number.
137.80 140
1 Van Rental A moving van rents for $29.95 a day plus $.12 a mile.
Mr. Reynolds’s bill was $137.80 and he drove the van 150 mi. For how
4 30 0.1 140 120 14
many days did he have the van?
134
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All rights reserved.
Understand the Problem
1. What is the goal of this problem? Since 134 137.80, 2 days is a reasonable answer.
to find the number of days Mr. Reynolds had the van
Quick Check.
2. How many miles did Mr. Reynolds drive?
150 miles 1. Suppose that Mr. Reynold’s bill was $161.80 and he drove the van 350 mi.
a. How would the equation change?
3. What does the van cost without mileage?
$29.95 a day d 29.95 0.12 350 161.80
4. What is the charge for each mile?
$.12 a mile
b. Solve the new equation to find how many days he rented the van.
Make and Carry Out a Plan
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
Write an equation. 4
Words number of days ? $29.95/d $.12/mi ? 150 mi $137.80
Let d the number of days Mr. Reynolds had the van.
Equation d ? 29.95 0.12 ? 150 137.80 c. Estimate to check the reasonableness of your answer to part (b).
29.95 30
Solve the equation. 0.12 0.1
d ? 29.95 0.12 ? 150 137.80 161.80 160
4 30 0.1 350 155
29.95d 18 137.80 Multiply 0.12 and 150. Since 155 161.80, 4 is a reasonable answer.
29.95d 18 18 137.80 18 Subtract 18 from each side.
29.95d 119.80 Simplify.
29.95d 119.80
Divide each side by 29.95 .
29.95 29.95
d 4 Simplify.
Mr. Reynolds had the van for 4 days.
120 Pre-Algebra Lesson 7-4 Daily Notetaking Guide L1 121
L1 Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 7-4
30 Pre-Algebra All-In-One Answers Version B L1
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version B (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Solving Equations With
Lesson 7-5 Variables on Both Sides Example.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Algebra
2 Using Equations Steve types at a rate of 15 words/min and Jenny types at
1
a rate of 20 words/min. Steve and Jenny are both typing the same
Solve equations with variables on Topic: Equations and Inequalities
both sides document, and Steve starts 5 min before Jenny. How long will it take Jenny
2 Use equations with variables on Local Standards: ____________________________________ to catch up with Steve?
both sides words Jenny types words Steve types
Words 20 words/min ? Jenny’s time 15 words/min ? Steve’s time
Example. Let x Jenny’s time.
1 Collecting the Variable on One Side Solve 4c 3 15 2c. Then x 5 Steve’s time.
4c 3 15 2c
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All rights reserved.
4c 2c 3 15 2c 2c Add 2c to each side. Equation 20 ? x 15 ? (x ⫹ 5)
6c 3 15 Combine like terms. 20x 15(x 5)
6c 3 3 15 3 Subtract 3 from each side. 20x 15x 75 Use the Distributive Property.
6c 12 Simplify. 20x 15x 15x 15x 75 Subtract 15x from each side.
6c
12
Divide each side by 5x 75 Combine like terms.
6 .
6 6 5x 75
Divide each side by 5 .
c 2 5 5
Simplify.
x 15 Simplify.
Check 4c 3 15 2c
4 2 ( ) 3 15 2( ?
2 ) Substitute 2 for c. Jenny will catch up to Steve in 15 min.
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
?
8 3 15 4 Multiply. Check Test the result.
11 11 At 20 words/min for 15 min, Jenny types 300 words. Steve’s time is
5 min longer. He types for 20 min. At 15 words/min for 20 min, Steve types
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Quick Check. 300 words. Since Jenny and Steve each type 300 words, the answer checks.
1. Solve and check each equation. Quick Check.
a. 4x 4 2x 36 2. Travel Time Car A leaves Eastown traveling at a steady rate of 50 mi/h.
16 Car B leaves Eastown 1 h later following Car A. It travels at a steady rate
of 60 mi/h. How long after Car A leaves Eastown will Car B catch up?
6h
b. 15 6b 8b 13
2
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Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 7-6 Solving Two-Step Inequalities Example.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Algebra
3 Using Inequalities Dale has $25 to spend at a carnival. If the admission to
the carnival is $4 and the rides cost $1.50 each, what is the greatest number
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1 Solve two-step inequalities Topic: Equations and Inequalities
2 Use two-step inequalities to solve
of rides Dale can go on?
problems Local Standards: ____________________________________ number is less than
Words $4 admission $1.50/ride ? $25
of rides or equal to
Examples. Let r number of rides Dale goes on.
1 Undoing Operations Solve and graph 7g 11 67. Inequality 4 1.5 ? r 25
7g 11 67 4 1.5r 25
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All rights reserved.
7g 11 11 67 11 Subtract 11 from each side.
4 1.5r 4 25 4 Subtract 4 from each side.
7g 56 Simplify. 1.5r 21 Simplify.
7g
56 Divide each side by 7 . 1.5r 21 Divide each side by 1.5 .
7 7 1.5 1.5
g 8 Simplify.
r 14 Simplify.
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 The greatest number of rides Dale can go on is 14 .
2 Reversing the Inequality Symbol Solve 6 23 r 6.
Quick Check.
6 2r 6
3 2. Solve and graph each inequality.
6 6 2r 6 6 Add 6 to each side.
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
3 a. 2m 4 34 b. 6 x 3
12 2 r Simplify. m ⱖ ⫺15 x⬍3
3
3
3 3 Multiply each side by .
(12) ( 23 r) Reverse the direction 2
2 2 of the inequality symbol.
⫺18 r, or r ⫺18 Simplify.
15 10 5 0 5 10 1 0 1 2 3 4
Quick Check. 3. Commissions A stereo salesperson earns a salary of $1,200 per month, plus
a commission of 4% of sales. The salesperson wants to maintain a monthly
1. Solve and graph each inequality.
1x 6
income of at least $1,500. How much must the salesperson sell each month?
a. 5a 9 11 b. 10 2
ⱖ $7,500
a⬎4 x ⱕ ⫺8
4 2 0 2 4
10 8 6 4 2
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L1 All-In-One Answers Version B Pre-Algebra
31
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version B (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 7-7 Transforming Formulas Example.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Algebra 3 Using Formulas You plan a 600-mi trip to New York City. You estimate
1 Solve a formula for a given variable Topic: Equations and Inequalities your trip will take about 10 hours. To estimate your average speed, solve the
2 Use formulas to solve problems distance formula d = rt for r. Then substitute to find the average speed.
Local Standards: ____________________________________
d rt
d rt
t t Divide each side by t.
Examples.
1 Transforming in One Step Solve the circumference formula C 2πr for r. d d
t r, or r t Simplify.
C 2π r 600
C
2π r r 600 10
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All rights reserved.
Use the Division Property of Equality. Replace d with and t with .
2π 2π 10
C C r 60 Simplify.
r, or r Simplify.
2π 2π
Quick Check.
2 Using More Than One Step Solve the perimeter formula P 2/ 2w for w.
3. a. Assume that in Example 3 your average speed is 50 mi/h. Solve the
P 2ᐉ 2w distance formula for the new t.
P 2ᐉ 2ᐉ 2w 2ᐉ Subtract 2ᐉ from each side.
P 2ᐉ 2w Simplify. t⫽d
r ; 12 hours
1 1 1
(P 2ᐉ) (2w) Multiply each side by .
2 2 2
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1
P ᐉ w Use the Distributive Property
2 and simplify.
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b. Solve the batting average formula, a h n , for h. Find the number of hits
Quick Check. h a batter needs in 40 times at bat n to have an average of 0.275.
Solve for the indicated variable. h ⫽ an; 11 hits
1. a. Solve h kj for k. b. Solve I prt for p.
k ⫽ hj p rtI
2. a. Solve 5a 7 b for a. b. Solve y x3 8 for x.
a 15 b ⫺ 75 x 3(y ⫺ 8)
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Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 7-8 Simple and Compound Interest Example.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Algebra 2 Finding Compound Interest You deposit $400 in an account that earns
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1 Solve simple-interest problems Topic: Equations and Inequalities 5% interest compounded annually (once per year). The balance after the
2 Solve compound-interest problems first four years is $486.20. What is the balance in your account after another
Local Standards: ____________________________________
4 years, a total of 8 years? Round to the nearest cent.
Principal at
Vocabulary and Key Concepts. Beginning of year
Interest Balance
Simple-Interest Formula
I prt, Year 5: $486.20 486.20 ? 0.05 24.31 486.20 24.31 510.51
All rights reserved.
where I is the interest , p is the principal ,
All rights reserved.
Year 6: $ 510.51 510.51 ? 0.05 25.53 510.51 25.53 536.04
r is the interest rate per year, and t is time in years.
Compound-Interest Formula Year 7: $ 536.04 536.04 ? 0.05 26.80 536.04 26.80 562.84
B p(1 r)n,
where B is the final balance , p is the principal , Year 8: $ 562.84 562.84 ? 0.05 28.14 562.84 28.14 590.98
r is the interest rate for each interest period, and
n is the number of interest periods . After four more years, a total of 8 years, the balance is $ 590.98 .
The principal is the initial amount of an investment or loan. Quick Check.
Interest is a percentage of the principal. 1. Find the simple interest.
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
The interest rate is the percentage of the balance that an account or investment earns in a a. principal $250, interest rate 4% b. principal $250, interest rate 3.5%
fixed period of time. time 3 years time 6 months
Simple interest is interest paid only on the principal. $30 $4.38
Compound interest is interest paid on the principal and on the interest from previous interest
periods.
Balance is the principal plus the interest.
Example. 2. Make a table to find the balance. The interest is compounded annually.
1 Finding Simple Interest Suppose you deposit $1,000 in a savings account principal $500 Bal. at Bal. at
that earns 3% per year. Find the interest earned in two years. Find the total interest rate 3% Yr. Start Interest Yr. End
of principal plus interest. time 2 years $500.00 $15.00 $515.00
I prt Use the simple interest formula. $515.00 $15.45 $530.45
I 1,000 0.03 2 Replace p with 1,000 , r with 0.03 , and t with 2 .
I 60 Simplify.
total 1,000 60 1,060 Find the total.
The account will earn $60 in two years. The total of principal plus
interest will be $1,060 .
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Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version B (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 8-1 Relations and Functions
Example.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Measurement 3 Using the Vertical-Line Test y
1 Determine whether a relation is a function Topic: Algebraic Representations a. Graph the relation shown in the table.
6
2 Graph relations and functions Local Standards: ____________________________________
Domain Range
4
Value Value Graph the
Vocabulary. 3 5 2 ordered pairs
(ⴚ3,5), (ⴚ5,3),
5 3 (3,5) and (5,3).
A relation is a set of ordered pairs. 3 5 4 2 O 2 4 x
The domain of a relation is the set of first coordinates. 5 3
2
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All rights reserved.
The range of a function is the set of second coordinates.
b. Use the vertical-line test. Is the relation a function? Explain.
A function is a relation for which each member of the domain is paired with exactly one
Yes; no vertical line passes through two graphed points.
member of the range.
The vertical-line test is a test that determines whether a relation is a function. Quick Check.
1. Is each relation a function? Explain.
Examples. a. {(2, 3), (2, 2), (2, 2)} b. {(5, 4), (0, 4), (5, 4)}
1 Identifying a Function Is each relation a function? Explain. No; there are two range values for the Yes; there is one range value for each
a. {(0, 5), (1, 5), (2, 6), (3, 7)} domain value 2. domain value.
2. a. For the United States Postal Service, is package weight a function of the
Domain Range
postage paid to mail the package? Explain.
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
There is one range value for
0 5 No; a specific postage cost (domain value) can mail packages of
each domain value. different weights (range values).
1
6
2 The relation is a function. b. For the United States Postal Service, is the cost of postage a function of
7
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3 package weight? Explain.
Yes; for each package weight (domain value) there is one postage cost
b. {(0, 5), (0, 6), (1, 6), (2, 7)} to the same zip code.
Domain Range 3. Algebra Graph the relation shown in each table. Use the vertical-line test. Is
There are two range values for the relation a function? Explain.
0 5 the domain value 0. a. x y y b. y
1 6 8 x y 8
2 7 The relation is not a function. 3 2 1 1
4 4
0 2 1 3
x x
1 0 -8 -4 O 4 8 0 5 -8 -4 O 4 8
2 Is the time needed to mow a lawn a function of the size of the lawn? Explain. 4 3 1 5
-4 -4
No ; two lawns of the same size ( domain )
value can require different
-8 -8
lengths of time ( range )
values for mowing.
A function; no vertical line passes Not a function; a vertical line passes
through two graphed points. through both (1, 1) and (1, 3).
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Examples.
Lesson 8-2 Equations With Two Variables
2 Graphing y a and x b Graph each equation. Is the equation a function?
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Measurement a. y 3 b. x 4
For every value of x, y 3. For every value of y, x 4.
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1 Find solutions of linear equations with two variables Topic: Algebraic Representations
2
y y
Graph linear equations with two variables Local Standards: ____________________________ 4 4
2 2
Vocabulary.
4 2 O 2 4x 4 2 O 2 4x
A solution of an equation with two variables is an ordered pair that makes the equation true.
2 2
4 4
All rights reserved.
All rights reserved.
A linear equation is an equation whose graph is a line.
Example. This is a horizontal line. The equation This is a vertical line. The equation
y 3 is a function. x 4 is not a function.
1 Finding a Solution Find the solution of y 4x 3 for x 2.
y 4x 3 3 Graphing by solving for y Solve y x 3 for y. Then graph the equation.
y 4 2 ( ) 3 Replace x with 2 . Solve the equation for y.
y x 3
y 8 3 Multiply.
y 5 Subtract. y x x 3 x Add x to each side.
Graph the ordered pairs.
A solution of the equation is (2, 5) . y x 3 Simplify.
y
Make a table of values. 4
Quick Check.
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
x x13 (x, y) 2
1. Find the solution of each equation for x 3.
x
a. y 2x 1 1 1 3 2 (1, 2 ) 4 2 O 2 4
(3, 5) 0 03 3 (0, 3 ) 2
1 13 4 (1, 4 ) 4
Quick Check.
Graph each equation. Is it a function?
2. x 1 no 3. a. y 2x 1 yes b. y 12 x 4 yes
b. y 4x 3 y y y 1
4 x1
4 4 y 2 x 4
(3, 15)
2 2 y 2x 1
2
4 2 O 2 4x 4 2 O 2 4x 4 2 O 2 4x
2 2 2
4 4 4
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Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version B (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 8-3 Slope and y-intercept Examples.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Algebra 2 Using Coordinates to Find Slope Find the slope of the line through E(7, 5) and F(2, 0).
1 Find the slope of a line Topic: Equations and Inequalities difference in y -coordinates 0 5 5 5
slope
2 Use slope-intercept form in graphing a linear equation Local Standards: __________________________ difference in x -coordinates 2 7 9 9
3 A ramp slopes from a warehouse door down to a street. The function
Vocabulary and Key Concepts.
y 215x 4 models the ramp, where x is the distance in feet from the bottom
Slope-intercept Form of the door and y is the height in feet above the street. Graph the equation.
The equation y mx b is the slope-intercept form. In this form,
Step 1 Since the y-intercept is 4 , graph the point (0, 4) . y
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All rights reserved.
m is the slope of the line, and b is the y-intercept . 8
(0,4)
Step 2 Since the slope is 21
S
4 (5,3)
5 , move 1 unit down from (0, 4). S
Then move 5 units right to graph a second point.
slope
vertical change
rise 8 4 O 4 8x
horizonal change run
4
The y-intercept of a line is the point where the line crosses the y-axis. Step 3 Draw a line though the points.
8
Example.
Quick Check.
1 Using Rise and Run to Find Slope Find the slope of the line.
2. Find the slope of the line through each pair of points.
y
6 a. V(8, 1), Q(0, 7) b. S(4, 3), R(10, 9)
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
slope rise
run 2 down 6 units
8
3 rise 6 4 3 1
4
right 3 units
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run 3 8 4 O 4 8x
8
3. Graph each equation.
Quick Check. a. y 2x 3 b. y x 4
y y y
1. Find the slope of the line. 2 4 4 y 5 x 4
x
4 2 O 2 4 2 2
4
slope rise
run 4 2
4 2 O 2 4x 4 2 O 2 4x
1
2 y 2x 3 2
4 4
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Lesson 8-4 Writing Rules for Linear Functions Examples.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Algebra 2 Writing a Function Rule From a Table Write a rule for the linear
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1 Write a function rule for a word relationship Topic: Patterns, Relationships, and Functions function in the table below.
x f(x) As the x values decrease by 2,
2 Write a function rule by analyzing a table or graph Local Standards: __________________________ the f(x) values decrease by 8 .
2 3
2 8
0 5 8
2 8 So m 4 .
Vocabulary. 2 13 2
2 8
4 21 When x 0, f(x) 5 . So b 5 .
A function can be written in function notation using f(x) instead of y.
You read f(x) as f of x.
A rule for the function is f ( x) 4x 5 .
All rights reserved.
A function rule is an equation that describes a function.
All rights reserved.
3 Writing a Function Rule From a Graph Write a rule for the linear
function rule function rule
function in the graph below.
y 3x 7 f(x) 3x 7 y
4
2 2 4
2 (2, 2) slope 2
output input output input
0 2 2
x
4 2 O 2 4 y-intercept 2
Example. 2
(0, 2)
1 A long-distance company charges its customers a monthly fee of $4.95 plus
9¢ for each minute of a long-distance call. Find the total monthly bill if the 4 A rule for the function is f(x) 2x 2 .
customer made 90 minutes of long-distance calls.
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Quick Check.
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Step 1 Write a function rule that relates the total monthly bill to the
1. Scrumptious Snack Mix is sold by mail order. It costs $3/lb, plus $4 for shipping and
number of minutes a customer spent on long-distance calls.
handling. Write a function rule for the total cost c(p) based on the number of
Words total bill is $4.95 plus 9¢ times number of minutes pounds p bought. Use your function to find the total cost of 5 lb of snack mix.
Let m = the number of minutes. c(p) 3p 4; $19
Let t(m) = total bill, a function of the number of minutes 2. Write a rule for each linear function.
a. b.
Rule t(m) 4.95 0.09 ? m x f(x) f ( x) 2x x y f (x) 2x 1
3 6 6 11
A rule for the function is t(m) 4.95 0.09m . 0 0 4 7
3 6 2 3
Step 2 Evaluate the function for m 90.
6 12 0 1
t (m) 4.95 0.09m
3. Write a rule for the function graphed at right. y
t ( 90 ) 4.95 0.09( 90 ) Replace m with 90 .
y x 2
4
( 2, 4)
t (90) 4.95 8.10 Multiply.
2
t (90) 13.05 Add. (1, 1)
The total monthly bill for 90 minutes of long-distance calls is $13.05 . 4 2 O 2 4x
136 Pre-Algebra Lesson 8-4 Daily Notetaking Guide L1 137
L1 Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 8-4
34 Pre-Algebra All-In-One Answers Version B L1
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version B (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 8-5 Scatter Plots Example.
2 Use the table to make a scatter plot of the elevation and precipitation data.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Data Analysis and Probability
1 Topic: Data Representations Elevation and Precipitation Elevation and Precipitation
Interpret and draw scatter plots
y
Precipitation (in.)
2 Use scatter plots to find trends Elevation Mean Annual
Local Standards: ____________________________________
Mean Annual
City Above Precipitation 60
Sea Level (ft) (in.)
Vocabulary. 40
Atlanta, GA 1,050 51
A scatter plot is a graph that shows the relationship between two sets of data. Chicago, IL 596 36 20
0 x
Honolulu, HI 18 22
500 1,000 1,500
All rights reserved.
All rights reserved.
Miami, FL 11 56 Elevation (ft)
Phoenix, AZ 1,072 8
Portland, ME 75 44
positive correlation negative correlation no correlation San Diego, CA 40 10
As one set of values As one set of values The values show Wichita, KS 1,305 29
increases, the other increases, the other no relationship.
set tends to increase. set tends to decrease.
Quick Check.
1. a. Use the information in Example 1 to describe the person represented by point A.
Example.
has 14 years of education and annual income of $90,000
1 The scatter plot shows education and income data. Learn and Earn
b. How many people have exactly 12 years of education?
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
120 4 people
a. Describe the person represented by the point with
Annual Incomes ($1,000s)
110
coordinates (10, 30). 100 A 2. Use the table at the right. Make a scatter plot Climate Data
90 of the latitude and precipitation data.
All rights reserved.
This person has 10 years of education and earns 80 Location Mean
$30,000 each year. 70 Climate Data (degrees Annual
City
north Precipitation
60 60
50 latitude) (inches)
b. How many people have exactly 14 years of education? 55
40 50 Atlanta, GA 34 51
What are their incomes? 30 Boston, MA 42 42
Precipitation (in.)
45
20 40
The points (14, 50 ), (14, ), and (14, ) 10 Chicago, IL 42 36
80 90 35
0 Duluth, MN 47 30
have education coordinate 14. The three people they 8 10 12 14 16 30
25 Honolulu, HI 21 22
represent earn $50,000 , $80,000 , and Years of Education Completed
20 Juneau, AK 58 54
$90,000 , respectively. 15 Miami, FL 26 56
10 Phoenix, AZ 33 8
5
c. Is there a positive correlation, a negative correlation, or no correlation between education 0 San Diego, CA 33 10
20 30 40 50 60 Wichita, KS 38 29
and income? Explain.
Location
SOURCES: The World Almanac and The Statistical Abstract of
increase
(degrees north latitude) the United States. Go to www.PHSchool.com for a data update.
As the years of education , annual income increases . Web Code: adg-2041
There is a positive correlation.
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Lesson 8-6 Solve by Graphing
Example.
Lesson Objective NAEP 2005 Strand: Data Analysis and Probability
Isle Royale Populations
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1 Solve problems by graphing Topic: Data Representation
2,400
Local Standards: ____________________________________
2,100
Vocabulary. 1,800
The trend line on a scatter plot closely fits the data points in the scatter plot. 1,500
Moose
1,200
All rights reserved.
All rights reserved.
Example. 900
1 Use the data in the table below. Suppose this year there are 12 wolves on
the island. Predict how many moose are on the island. 600
Isle Royale Populations 300
Year Wolf Moose Year Wolf Moose Year Wolf Moose
1982 14 700 1988 12 1,653 1994 15 1,800 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27
Wolves
1983 23 900 1989 11 1,397 1995 16 2,400
1984 24 811 1990 15 1,216 1996 22 1,200 Step 3 To predict the number of moose when there are 12 wolves, find
1985 22 1,062 1991 12 1,313 1997 24 500 12 along the horizontal axis. Look up to find the point on
1986 20 1,025 1992 12 1,600 1998 14 700 the trend line that corresponds to 12 wolves. Then look across to
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1987 16 1,380 1993 13 1,880 1999 25 750 the value on the vertical axis, which is about 1,510 .
SOURCE: Isle Royale National Park Service
There are about 1,510 moose on the island.
Check the Answer You can write an equation for a trend line. You can use
Understand the Problem the equation to make predictions.
1. What are the two variables? the number of moose, the number of wolves
2. What are you trying to predict? Quick Check.
the number of moose when 12 wolves are on the island 1. a. What is the y-intercept of the trend line above?
Answers may vary. Sample: about 2,175
Make and Carry Out a Plan You can graph the data in a scatter plot. If the b. Locate one other point on the trend line. Then find the slope
points show a correlation, you can draw a trend line. You can use the line of the trend line.
to predict other data values. Answers may vary. Sample: about 55
c. Write an equation for the trend line in slope-intercept form.
Step 1 Make a scatter plot by graphing the (wolf, moose) ordered pairs.
Answers may vary. Sample: y 55x 2,175
Use the x-axis for wolves and the y-axis for moose .
d. Use the equation you wrote in part (c). Find the solution of the equation
Step 2 Sketch a trend line. The line should be as close as possible to each when x 12.
data point. There should be about as many points above the trend
Answers may vary. Sample: about 1,515
line as below it.
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Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 8-7 Solving Systems of Linear Equations Examples.
2 Solving Special Systems Solve each system of equations by graphing.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Algebra
a. 27x 9y 36; y 4 3x b. 8 4x 2y; 2x y 5
1 Solve systems of linear equations by graphing Topic: Algebraic Representations
2 Use systems of linear equations to solve y y
Local Standards: _______________________________ 4 27x 9y 36
problems
2 y 4 3x 4 2x y 5
2
Vocabulary. 4 2 O 2 4x
8 4x 2y
A system of linear equations is two or more linear equations. 2 4 2 O 2 4x
4 2
All rights reserved.
All rights reserved.
The lines are the same line. There are The lines are parallel . They do
Example.
infinitely many solutions. not intersect. There is no solution.
1 Solve a System by Graphing Solve the system y x 7 and y 4x 2
by graphing.
3 Using a System of Equations Find two numbers with a sum of 10 and
Step 1 Graph each line. Step 2 Find the point of intersection. a difference of 2.
y The lines intersect at one point, (3, 10) .
4 Step 1 Write equations. Step 2 Graph the equations.
The solution is (3, 10) .
y 4x 2 Let x the greater number. y
12 xy2 The lines intersect
8 4 O 4 8x Let y the lesser number.
4 8 at (6, 4) .
Equation 1 Sum is 10. x y 10
yx7 The numbers are
8 x y 10 4
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
6 and 4 .
12 Equation 2 Difference is 2. 4 O 4 8 12 x
x y 2 4
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Check See whether (3, 10) makes both equations true.
yx7 Replace x with 3 y 4x 2
10 ⱨ 10 ⱨ 4
Quick Check.
3 7 and y with 10 . ( 3 )2
2. Solve the system of equations by graphing. 3. Find two numbers with a difference of 2 and
10 10 ✔ The solution checks. 10 10 ✔
y x 4; a sum of 8.
yx y xy2
8
y
Quick Check. 4
yx4 4
1. Solve the system of equations by graphing. Check the solution. y 2
8 yx x
y x 6 and y 2x -8 -4 O 4 8
(2, 4) 4 4 2 O 2 4x -4
x 2 x y 8
-8 -4 O 4 8 -8
-4 4
y 2x
yx6
-8 no solution 3, 5
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Lesson 8-8 Graphing Linear Inequalities Examples.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Algebra 2 Cashews cost $2/lb. Pecans cost $4/lb. You plan to spend no more than $20.
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1 Graph linear inequalities Topic: Variables, Expressions, and Operations Write an inequality to represent the number of pounds of each you can buy.
2 Graph systems of linear inequalities Local Standards: ____________________________________ Words cost of cashews plus cost of pecans is at most twenty dollars
Let y = number of pounds of cashews.
Vocabulary. Let x = number of pounds of pecans.
A linear inequality is an equation whose equal sign is replaced with , , , or .
Inequality 2y 4x ⱕ 20
A system of linear inequalities is two or more linear inequalities.
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All rights reserved.
Example.
3 Solving a System of Linear Inequalities Solve the system y
1 Graphing a Linear Inequality Graph the inequality y 2x 1 on a coordinate plane. y x 1 and y 2x 3 by graphing. 4
Step 1 Graph the boundary line. Step 2 Test a point not on the boundary line. yLx1
Step 1 Graph y x 1 and shade in one color. 2
Test (0, 0) in the inequality.
Points on the boundary line
y 2x 1 Step 2 Graph y 2x 3 and shade in second color.
do not make y 2x 1 4 2 O 2 4x
true. Use a dashed line. 0 2
?
( 0 ) 1 Substitute. The solutions are the coordinates of all the points in the region
2
? that is shaded in both colors.
y 001 y y R 2x 3
4 0 1✗ false 4 4
2 Since the inequality is 2
y 2x 1 false for (0, 0), y 2x 1 (0, 0)
4 2 O 4x 4 2 O 4x Quick Check.
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2 shade the region that 2
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2 does not contain (0, 0). 2 2. Adult tickets to the school play cost $4. Children’s tickets cost $2. Your goal
is to sell tickets worth at least $30. Let x be the number of children’s tickets
4 4 and y be the number of adult tickets. Write a linear inequality to show how
many of each type of ticket you must sell to reach your goal.
2x 4y ⱖ 30
Quick Check.
1. Graph each inequality.
a. y 3x 1 b. y x 3 3. Solve each system by graphing.
y a. y 2x 5 b. y x 1
y
4 4 y S x 3 y 12x y 3x 4
y L 3x 1
2 y y
2 y # 2x4 5 1
y < 3x 4
4
y < 2x
4 2 O 2 4x 2 2
4 2 O 2 4x
2 2
4 2 O 2 4x 4 2 O 2 4x
4 4 2 2 y > x 1
4 4
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Introduction to Geometry:
Lesson 9-1 Points, Lines and Planes Examples.
Lesson Objectives
2 Relationships of Lines You are looking at a picture frame. Name each of the following.
NAEP 2005 Strand: Geometry
1 Name basic geometric figures Topic: Relationships Among Geometric Figures P O
2 Recognize intersecting lines, a. two segments that intersect PT
Local Standards: ________________________ M N
parallel lines and skew lines OP and ST
b. three segments parallel to PT
Vocabulary.
MQ , NR , and OS
Basic Geometric Figures
Symbolic Q R
Sample Name Description
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All rights reserved.
A Point A A point is a location in space. It has no size. T S
* )
A AB, A line is a series of points that extends in opposite 3 Drawing Lines Draw two intersecting
* )
B BA, directions without end. A lowercase letter can name a line. lines. Then draw a segment that is
n or n parallel to one of the intersecting lines.
A B ABCD A plane is a flat surface with no thickness. It Use the lines on notebook paper or
M or M contains many lines and extends without end in the graph paper. First draw the lines that
D C directions of all its lines. intersect. Then draw a segment that is
segment
parallel to one of the lines.
Q PQ, or A is a part of a line. It has two endpoints.
QP PQ represents the length of PQ.
P Quick Check.
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
C R ) A ray is a part of a line. It has exactly one 1. Name each figure in the diagram.
CR
endpoint. Name its endpoint first. C a. two segments NC , NV
b. two rays ) )
N NC , NV
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Q
Parallel lines are lines in the same plane that never M
N V
intersect. R
V 2. Use the picture in Example 2 to name each of the following:
T
Skew lines are lines that are not in the same plane, are a. four segments that b. Three segments parallel
P S
not parallel, and do not intersect. intersect QR to QR
MN and NP intersect .
MQ , TQ , PO , MN ,
MN and QR are parallel .
MN and RS are skew . RS , and NR and ST
G
Example.
3. Use the grid to draw the figures indicated.
1 Naming Geometric Figures Use the figure to name each of the following. A H B
a. three parallel segments : AB, CD, EF
C D
a. four different segments b. a ray that intersects the parallel segments of part (a) E F
H Name a segment g
HO , HJ , KI , and OI , by its endpoints. c. a line, LM
I G
K O L
b. four different rays M
J HO
) , OJ
) , KI
) , and JH
) ,
The first letter names
the endpoint.
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Lesson 9-2 Angle Relationships and Parallel Lines Example.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Geometry
2 Identifying Congruent Angles In the diagram, p q. Identify each of the
following.
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1 Identify adjacent and vertical angles Topic: Relationships Among Geometric Figures
2 Relate angles formed by parallel lines and Local Standards: ____________________________ p
a transversal 1 5
2 6
q 3 7
Vocabulary.
n 4 8
Angles 1 and 2 are adjacent angles. They share ᐉ
1
3 2
a vertex and a side. 4
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All rights reserved.
a. congruent corresponding angles
m 5 6
Angles 1 and 4 are vertical angles. They are ⬔1 ⬔3 , ⬔2 ⬔4 , ⬔5 ⬔7 , ⬔6 ⬔8
7 8
formed by two intersecting lines.
b. congruent alternate interior angles
Line n is a transversal . It intersects lines ᐉ and m. ⬔2 ⬔7 , ⬔6 ⬔3
Angles 1 and 5 are corresponding angles.
Angles 3 and 6 are alternate interior angles.
Quick Check.
1. If m⬔8 20 , find the measures of ⬔5, ⬔6, and ⬔7.
⬔ABC and ⬔CBD are complementary angles. The sum D
m⬔5 160º
of their measures is 90 . 5 6
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
C m⬔6 20º
8 7
⬔ABD and ⬔DBE are supplementary angles. The sum
m⬔7 160º
of their measures is 180 . A B E
2. In the diagram, a b.
a 1 2
Example. 4 3
1 Finding the Measure of an Angle Find the measure of ⬔3 if m⬔4 110 . b 5 6
8 7
2
1 3
4 a. Name four pairs of congruent corresponding angles.
⬔1 ⬔5 , ⬔2 ⬔6 , ⬔3 ⬔7 , ⬔4 ⬔8
m⬔3 m⬔4 180 ⬔3 and ⬔4 are supplementary .
b. Name two pairs of congruent alternate interior angles.
m⬔3 110 180 Replace m⬔4 with 110 . ⬔3 ⬔5 , ⬔4 ⬔6
m⬔3 110 110 180 110 Solve for m⬔3.
m⬔3 70
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Lesson 9-3 Classifying Polygons Examples.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Algebra
1 Classifying a Triangle Classify the triangle by its sides and angles.
1 Classify triangles Topic: Equations and Inequalities
17 in.
2 Classify quadrilaterals Local Standards: ____________________________________ 6 in. The triangle has no congruent
120
sides and one obtuse angle.
12 in.
Vocabulary. The triangle is a scalene obtuse triangle.
A polygon is a closed plane figure with at least three sides.
A regular polygon is a polygon with all sides congruent and all angles congruent. 2 Classifying Quadrilaterals Name the types of quadrilaterals that have at
least one pair of parallel sides.
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All rights reserved.
All parallelograms and trapezoids have at least one pair of
parallel sides. Parallelograms include rectangles and squares .
Acute triangle Right triangle Obtuse triangle 3 Perimeter Write a formula to find the perimeter of a regular pentagon.
three acute angles one right angle one obtuse angle Use the formula to find the perimeter if one side is 15 feet.
To write a formula, let x the length of one side. The perimeter of a regular pentagon
is x x x x x.
Therefore, the formula for the perimeter is P 5x .
Equilateral triangle Isosceles triangle Scalene triangle P 5x Write the formula.
two 5 ( 15 ) Substitute 15 for x.
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
three congruent sides at least no congruent sides
congruent sides 75 Simplify.
For a side length of 15 ft, the perimeter is 75 ft.
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Trapezoid
Quadrilateral
exactly one pair
four sides of parallel sides Quick Check.
1. Judging by appearance, classify each triangle by its sides and angles.
Parallellogram
both pairs of opposite sides parallel
a. scalene right b. isosceles obtuse
Rhombus triangle triangle
Rectangle Square four
four 90º angles four 90⬚ angles congruent
and four sides
2. Name the two types of quadrilaterals that 3. a. Write a formula to find the perimeter
congruent
have four right angles. of a regular hexagon. P ⫽ 6x
sides
rectangles and squares b. Use the formula to find the perimeter
if one side is 16 cm. 96 cm
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Lesson 9-4 Draw a Diagram Example.
Lesson Objective
Check the Answer
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1 Draw a diagram Local Standards: ____________________________________
Counting the diagonals after they have all been drawn is not an easy task.
To check your results, you may want to try a different approach.
Example. Start with figures with fewer sides and see whether there is a pattern to the
1 Diagonals How many diagonals does a nonagon have? total numbers of diagonals as you increase the number of sides.
Understand the Problem
In reading the problem, make sure you understand the meanings of
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All rights reserved.
all the terms.
1. What is a nonagon?
a nine-sided polygon Number Number
Figure
2. What is a diagonal? of Sides of Diagonals
a segment connecting nonconsecutive vertices Triangle 3 0
Quadrilateral 4 2
Pentagon 5 5
Make and Carry Out a Plan
Hexagon 6 9
One strategy for solving this problem is to draw a diagram and count the
diagonals. A nonagon has nine sides. You can draw six Notice that the total number of diagonals increases as you increase
diagonals from one vertex of a nonagon. the number of sides of the polygon. First the number increases by 2 ,
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then by 3 , and then by 4 . Continue the pattern to check your results.
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B
A C Number Number
Figure
of Sides of Diagonals
Heptagon 7 14
I D AH, AG, AF, AE, AD, and AC Octagon 8 20
are some of the diagonals.
Nonagon 9 27
H E
G F Quick Check.
1. How many diagonals does a dodecagon have?
You can organize your results as you count the diagonals. Do not count the
same diagonal twice. (The diagonal from A to C is the same as the one 54
from C to A.) Then find the sum of the numbers of diagonals.
Vertex A B C D E F G H I Total
Number of Diagonals 6 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 27
A nonagon has 27 diagonals.
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Lesson 9-5 Congruence Example.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Geometry 2 Identifying Congruent Triangles List the congruent corresponding parts
1 Topic: Transformation of Shapes and Preservation of each pair of triangles. Write a congruence statement for the triangles.
Identify corresponding parts of congruent triangles
of Properties
2 Determine whether triangles are congruent
Local Standards: ____________________________
a. M L
MK LJ Side
Vocabulary. and Key Concepts. ⬔ MKJ ⬔LJK Angle
Congruent figures are figures that have the same size and shape, and their corresponding JK Side
JK
parts have equal measures.
䉭 䉭LJK by
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All rights reserved.
MKJ SAS .
J K
Side – Side – Side Angle – Side – Angle
b. E A
( SSS ) ( ASA ) ⬔ACB ⬔ ECD Angle
AC EC Side
⬔CAB ⬔ CED Angle
D C B 䉭ACB 䉭 ECD by ASA .
Quick Check.
Side – Angle – Side
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1. 䉭ABC 䉭DEC. Judging by appearance, list all pairs of congruent
( SAS ) corresponding sides and angles. Then find AC.
D AB DE , BC EC , AC DC ,
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50 m ⬔A ⬔ D , ⬔B ⬔ E ,
Example. 30 m
B 40 m ⬔BCA ⬔ ECD ; AC 50 m
1 Identifying Congruent Parts In the figure, 䉭TUV 䉭WUX. C E
a. Name the corresponding congruent angles. V
⬔V ⬔ X , ⬔T ⬔ W , ⬔TUV ⬔ WUX A
m
0
30
b. Name the corresponding congruent sides. 2. For the two triangles, list the congruent corresponding parts. Write a
TV WX , TU WU , VU XU T U W congruence statement (and reason) for the triangles.
F FJ FG , JI GH , FI FH ;
c. Find the length of WX.
䉭JFI 䉭 GFH by SSS
Since WX TV and TV 300 m, WX 300 m. X J G
I H
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Lesson 9-6 Circles Example.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Measurement
2 Making a Circle Graph Make a circle graph for Jackie’s weekly Jackie’s Weekly Budget
budget. Use proportions to find the measures of the central angles.
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1 Find circumferences Topic: Measuring Physical Attributes Entertainment (e) 20%
2 Find central angles and make circle graphs 20 20 f Food ( f ) 20%
Local Standards: _____________________________ e 360
100 360 100 Transportation (t) 10%
e 72° f 72° Savings (s) 50%
Vocabulary and Key Concepts.
10 t 50
s
100
360 100
360
Circumference of a Circle
The circumference of a circle is π times the diameter. t 36° s 180°
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All rights reserved.
Use a compass to draw a circle. Draw the central angles with a protractor.
Label each section. Add a title.
d r C π d
Jackie’s Weekly Budget
C2 π r
C Entertainment
Savings
A circle is the set of all points in a plane that are the same distance from a given point, Food
called the center of the circle.
A central angle is an angle whose vertex is the center of a circle.
Transportation
radius
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
A is a Quick Check.
segment that has one Circumference
endpoint at the center is the distance around 1. Find the circumference of a circle with a diameter of 2 45 in.
and the other point the circle.
on the circle.
about 8 4 in.
A chord is a 5
A diameter
segment whose
is a chord that passes 2. Make a circle graph for the data. Round the measure of each central angle
endpoints are
through the center to the nearest degree.
of a circle. on the circle.
Blood Types of Population
Type A Type B Type AB Type O
Example. 40% 12% 5% 43%
1 Finding Circumference Find the circumference of the circle.
Blood Types of Population
C πd Write the formula.
6 in. Replace π with 3.14 Type O
C ( 3.14 ) 12
and d with 12. 155°
Type A Type AB
37.68 Simplify. 144° 18°
Type B
The circumference of the circle is about 37.68 in. 43°
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Lesson 9-7 Constructions Example.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Geometry
2 Constructing a Congruent Angle Construct an angle congruent to W.
1 Construct a segment or an angle congruent to a Topic: Relationships Among Geometric Figures Step 1 Draw a ray with
N endpoint A.
given segment or angle C
Local Standards: ___________________________
2 Construct segment bisector and angle bisectors Step 2 With the compass
point at W, draw an
arc that intersects the
Vocabulary. sides of W. Label the
W A B
intersection points M
Perpendicular lines, segments, or rays intersect to form right angles. M and N.
Step 3 With the same compass
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All rights reserved.
CAB NWM
A segment bisector is a line, segment, or ray that divides a segment into two congruent setting, put the compass
segments. tip on A. Draw an arc
that intersects the ray
A perpendicular bisector is a line, segment, or ray that is perpendicular to the segment at point B.
it bisects.
Step 4 Open the compass
An angle bisector is a ray that divides an angle into two congruent angles. to the length of MN.
Using this setting, put
the compass tip at B.
Example. Draw an arc to
determine the point C.
1 Constructing a Perpendicular Bisector Construct the perpendicular Draw AC.
bisector of WX .
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
W X
S Quick Check.
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1. Construct the perpendicular bisector of CD . 2. Construct an angle congruent to A.
Step 1 Open the compass to more than half the
length of WX. Put the compass tip at W. Draw
W M X an arc intersecting WX. With the same
compass setting, repeat from point X.
T Step 2 Label the points of intersection S and T. A
Draw ST. Label the intersection of ST C D
and WX point M.
X
ST is perpendicular to WX and ST bisects WX .
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Lesson 9-8 Translations Examples.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Geometry 2 Using Arrow Notation Use arrow notation to describe the translation
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1 Graph translations Topics: Transformation of Shapes and of X to X.
2 Describe translations Preservation of Properties y The point moves from X(2, 3) to X(3, 1), so the
4
Local Standards: ___________________________ X translation is X(2, 3) S X(3, 1) .
2
X
Vocabulary. 4 2 2 4x
A transformation is a change of position or size of a figure. 2
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4
All rights reserved.
A translation is a transformation that moves points the same distance and in the same direction.
An image is the figure you get after a transformation.
3 Writing a Rule Write a rule to describe the translation of RST
Example.
to RST .
1 Translating a Figure Graph the image of BCD after a translation y Use R(2, 3) and its image R(3, 2) to find the
S
3 units to the left and 4 units down. horizontal and vertical translations.
4
y C
4
R T
2 Horizontal translation: 3 ( 2 ) 1
2
4 2
S
2 4 x
Vertical translation: 2 ( 3 ) 5
C B D
2
The rule is (x, y) S (x 1 , y 5 ).
4 2 2 4x
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R T
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2 4
B D
4
Quick Check.
Quick Check.
2. Use arrow notation to describe a translation of B(1, 5) to B(3, 1).
1. On a coordinate plane, draw BCD from Example 1. Graph the image of
BCD after a translation of BCD four units to the left. B(1, 5) S B(3, 1)
C y C 3. Write a rule to describe the translation of y
4 B
quadrilateral ABCD to quadrilateral ABCD. 2
A C B
C
(x, y) S (x 5, y 1)
5 A 5x
B D B D D 2
4 2 2 4x D
2
4
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Lesson 9-9 Symmetry and Reflections Examples.
2 Reflecting Over an Axis Graph the image of EFG after a reflection over the
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Geometry
x-axis.
1 Identify a line of symmetry Topic: Transformation of Shapes and Preservation of Properties
2 G y
Graph a reflection of a geometric figure 4
Local Standards: _______________________________________
2 Since F is 2 units below the x-axis,
F E
Vocabulary. F is 2 units above the x-axis.
4 2 2 4x
Reflectional symmetry is when one half is a mirror image of the other half. Reflect the other vertices.
E Draw EFG.
F 2
A line of symmetry is a line that divides a figure with reflectional symmetry into
G 4
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All rights reserved.
two congruent halves.
A reflection is a transformation that flips a figure over a line of reflection.
A line of reflection is a line across which a figure is reflected.
3 Reflecting Over a Line Graph the image of EFG after a reflection
over y 1.
Example. y
4
1 Finding Lines of Symmetry Draw the lines of symmetry. G Graph y 1.
Tell how many lines there are. 2
Since F is 1 unit below the line,
a. b. F E
4 2 2 4x F is 1 unit above the line.
E Reflect the other vertices.
2
F Draw EFG.
G 4
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
All rights reserved.
Quick Check.
2. Graph the image of EFG after a reflection 3. Graph ABC with vertices A(3, 0), B(2, 3),
8 lines of symmetry 2 lines of symmetry over the y-axis. and C(5, 1) and its image after a reflection
over the line x 2.
y y x2
Quick Check. 4 4
B B
1. Draw all lines of symmetry for each figure.
2 2
a. b.
4 2 2 4x 4 2 A2 A 4x
E E C C
2 2
F F
4
G 4 G
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Lesson 9-10 Rotations Example.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Geometry
2 Finding Rotational Symmetry Judging from appearance, tell whether the
star has rotational symmetry. If so, what is the angle of rotation?
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1 Graph rotations Topic: Transformation of Shapes and
2 Identify rotational symmetry Preservation of Properties The star can match itself in 6 positions.
Local Standards: _______________________________________
The pattern repeats in 6 equal intervals.
Vocabulary. 360° 6 60°
A rotation is a transformation that turns a figure about a fixed point called the
The figure has rotational symmetry.
center of rotation.
The angle of rotation is 60° .
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All rights reserved.
A center of rotation is a fixed point about which a figure is rotated.
An angle of rotation is the angle measure of the rotation.
Quick Check.
A figure has rotational symmetry if the figure can rotate 180º or less so that its image
1. Draw the image of RST in Example 1 after a rotation of 180 about the
matches the original figure.
origin. Name the coordinates of the vertices of the image.
y
Example. T S
4
1 Finding a Rotation Image Find the vertices of the image of RST after a
2
rotation of 90º about the origin.
y R
T Step 1 Use a blank transparency
4 2 R 2 4 x
sheet. Trace RST, the x-axis,
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
4
and the y-axis. Then fix the 2
2 tracing in place at the origin.
4 S T
R S Step 2 Rotate the tracing 90º
4 2 R 2 4 x counterclockwise. Make sure the
axes line up. Label the vertices The vertices of the image are R( 1 , 1 ), S( 1 , 4 ), and T( 5 , 4 ).
2 R, S, and T. Connect the
vertices of the rotated triangle.
4 S T 2. Judging from appearance, tell whether each figure has rotational symmetry.
If so, what is the angle of rotation?
a. b. c.
The vertices of the image are R( 1 , 1 ), S( 4 , 1 ), and T( 4 , 5 ).
no yes; 180° yes; 180°
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Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version B (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 10-1 Area: Parallelograms Example.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Measurement 2 Finding Area of a Parallelogram Find the area of each parallelogram.
1 Find areas of rectangles Topic: Measuring Physical Attributes; Systems of a. 8m A bh area formula
2 Find areas of parallelograms Measurement
Local Standards: ____________________________________
2m 3m ( 8 )( 2 ) Substitute.
16 Simplify.
Vocabulary and Key Concepts. The area is 16 m2.
b. A bh area formula
Area of a Parallelogram
The area of a parallelogram is the product of any base length b and the ( )( 6 )
All rights reserved.
All rights reserved.
6 in. 2.5 Substitute.
corresponding height h.
15 Simplify.
b
h
h b h 2.5 in.
The area is 15 in.2.
b
A b ? h
Quick Check.
The area of a figure is the number of square units it encloses. 1. Find the area of the rectangle.
An altitude is a line segment perpendicular to the base of the figure and drawn from the side A bh
1m
opposite the base. 10 cm 100 10
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1,000
Example. The area is 1,000 cm2.
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1 Finding Area of a Rectangle Find the area of the rectangle. 2. Find the area of the parallelogram.
4m A bh
3m
2m 3 2
150 cm
6
Step 1 Change the units so they are the same. The area is 6 m2.
150 cm 1.5 m Change 150 centimeters to meters.
Step 2 Find the area.
A bh Use the formula for area of a rectangle.
Replace b and h with the dimensions
( 4 )( 1.5 ) 4 and 1.5 .
6 Simplify.
The area of the rectangle is 6 m2.
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Lesson 10-2 Area: Triangles and Trapezoids Example.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Measurement 2 Finding Area of a Trapezoid Suppose that, through the years, a layer of silt
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1 Find areas of triangles Topics: Measuring Physical Attributes; and mud settled in the bottom of the Erie Canal. Below is the resulting cross
2 Find areas of trapezoids Systems of Measurement section of the canal. Find the area of the trapezoidal cross section.
Local Standards: ____________________________________ 40 ft wide
31 ft wide 3 ft deep
Vocabulary and Key Concepts.
1
Area of a Triangle A
2
h ( b1 b2 ) Use the formula for area of a trapezoid.
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The area of a triangle equals half the product of
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any base length b and the corresponding height h.
h A
1
b h
A 12 ? 3 31 ( 40 ) Replace h with 3 , b1 with 31 , and b2 with 40 .
2
12 ? 3 71 ( ) Add.
b
12 ? 213 Multiply.
Area of a Trapezoid
The area of a trapezoid is half the 106.5 Simplify.
b1
product of the height and the sum of 1
the lengths of the bases. h A h ( b1 b2 ) The area of the cross section is 106.5 ft2.
2
b2
Quick Check.
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
An altitude of a triangle is the perpendicular segment from a vertex of a triangle to the 1. Find the area of each figure.
line containing the opposite side. a. A 12 bh
5 ft 4 ft
1.8 ft 12 ( 8.2 1.8 )
Example. 8.2 ft
7.38
1 Finding Area of a Triangle Find the area of the triangle. The area is 7.38 ft2.
8.8 in. 8.8 in.
66 in. b. A 21 h(b1 b2)
in.
13 in.
2 ft 4 ft 4 12 ft 1
2
4 ( 2 41
2 )
13
1
A Use the formula for area of a triangle.
bh The area is 13 ft2.
2
12 ? 13 ? 6 Replace b with 13 and h with 6 .
39 Simplify.
The area is 39 in.2.
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Lesson 10-3 Area: Circles Example.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Measurement 3 Finding Areas of Irregular Figures A pound of grass seed covers approximately
1 Find areas of circles
675 ft2. Find the area of the lawn below. Then find the number of bags of grass
Topics: Estimation; Measuring Physical Attributes
2 Find area of irregular figures that
seed you need to buy to cover the lawn. Grass seed comes in 3-lb bags.
include parts of circles Local Standards: ____________________________________
45 ft
Key Concepts. 25 ft
15 ft
Area of a Circle
The area of a circle equals the product of π and the square of the radius r.
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All rights reserved.
Area of region that is one fourth of a circle:
r
A π area of a circle π r 2
r 2
1
area of a quarter circle π r 2
4
A 14 ( 3.14 )( 15 )2 Replace π with 3.14 and r with 15 .
Examples.
176.625 ft2
1 Finding Area of a Circle Find the exact area of a circle with diameter 20 in.
A πr 2 Use the formula for area of a circle. Area of region that is a rectangle:
area of a rectangle bh
π ( 10 )2 1
r d; r
2 10
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
A 45 ? 25 Replace b with 45 and h with 25 .
100π Simplify.
1,125 ft2
The area is 100π in.2.
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The area of the lawn is about 177 ft2 1,125 ft2 1,302 ft2.
2 Using a Decimal Approximation of A TV station’s weather radar can
detect precipitation in a circular region having a diameter of 100 mi. Find the You need to buy two 3-lb bags of grass seed.
area of the region.
A πr 2 Use the formula for area of a circle. Quick Check.
π ( 50 )2 1
r d; r
2 50 1. Find the exact area of a circle with radius 50 in.
2,500π exact area 2,500π in.2
2,500 ( 3.14 ) Use 3.14 for π.
2. Find the approximate area of a circle with radius 6 mi.
7,850 approximate area
about 113 mi2
The area of the region is about 7,850 mi2.
3. Find the area of the shaded figure to the nearest tenth.
10 cm 40.2 cm2
2.5 cm
5 cm
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Lesson 10-4 Space Figures Examples.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Geometry 1 Naming Space Figures For each figure, describe the bases and name the figure.
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1 Identify common space figures Topic: Dimension and Shape a.
2 Identify space figures from nets
Local Standards: ____________________________________
The bases are circles . The figure is a cylinder .
Vocabulary.
b.
A space figure is a three-dimensional figure.
The bases are rectangles .
Vertex
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All rights reserved.
The figure is a rectangular prism .
Lateral edge
Bases
Lateral face
2 Naming Space Figures From Nets Name the space figure
Base
you can form from each net.
Base edge
a. With two hexagonal bases and rectangular sides,
A pyramid has a base that is a polygon.
you can form a hexagonal prism .
The lateral faces are triangles .
Vertex
b. With a rectangular base and triangular sides,
you can form a rectangular pyramid .
Bases Lateral surface
Lateral
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
surface
Base
Quick Check.
A cylinder has two parallel bases that are congruent circles. 1. Name each figure.
a. b.
A cone has one circular base and one vertex.
cylinder cone
r
2. Name the space figure you can form from each net.
a. b.
A sphere is the set of all points in space that are a given distance from a given point
called the center.
With a triangular base and three faces With two square bases and four faces
A net is a pattern that can be formed into a space figure. that are triangles, you can form a that are squares, you can
triangular pyramid. form a square prism.
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Lesson 10-5 Surface Area: Prisms and CylInders Example.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Measurement 2 Using Formulas Find the surface area of the cylindrical water tank.
8 ft
1 Find surface area of prisms Topic: Measuring Physical Attributes Step 1 Find the lateral area.
2 Find surface area of cylinders
Local Standards: ____________________________________ L.A. 2πrh Use the formula for lateral area.
15 ft
2(3.14) 8 ( )( 15 ) p
Vocabulary and Key Concepts. 754
Surface Area of a Prism Step 2 Find the surface area.
The lateral area of a prism is the product of the perimeter Perimeter of base
p S.A. L.A. 2B Use the formula for surface area.
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All rights reserved.
of the base and the height.
L.A. ph h
L.A. 2 ( πr2 )
Surface Area of a Cylinder B Area of base
754 2(3.14) 8 ( )2
The lateral area of a cylinder is the product of the circumference 1,156
B is the area
of the base and the height of the cylinder. of a base.
The surface area of the water tank is about 1,156 ft2.
L.A. 2πrh
r
The surface area of a cylinder is the sum of the lateral area h Quick Check.
and the areas of the two bases.
1. Find the surface area of each prism.
S.A. L.A. 2B
a. 6 yd b.
5y
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
Surface area (S.A.) is the sum of the areas of the base(s) and the lateral faces of a space figure. 3 yd d 6m
3m
Lateral area (L.A.) of a prism is the sum of the areas of the lateral faces. 4m
4 yd
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Example.
84 yd2 108 m2
1 Using a Net Find the surface area of the rectangular prism using a net.
10 cm 90 cm2 90 cm2
60 cm2 10 cm
10 cm
Draw and label a net. 6 cm
15 cm
15 cm
150 cm2 Find the area of each
rectangle in the net. 2. Find the surface area of a can with radius 5 cm and height 20 cm.
6 cm 6 cm 785 cm2
60 cm2
150 cm2
10 cm
60 60 150 90 150 90 600 Add the areas.
The surface area is 600 cm2.
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Surface Area: Pyramids,
Lesson 10-6 Cones, and Spheres Examples.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Measurement 2 Finding Surface Area of a Cone Find the surface area of the cone.
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1 Find surface area of pyramids Topic: Measuring Physical Attributes Step 1 Find the lateral area.
2 Find surface area of cones and spheres
Local Standards: ____________________________________ L.A. π r ᐉ Use the formula for lateral area.
Vocabulary and Key Concepts.
(3.14) 3 ( )( 7 ) r 3 and ᐉ 7 .
7m
65.94
Surface Area of a Pyramid 3m
The lateral area of a pyramid is one-half the product of
Step 2 Find the surface area.
the perimeter of the base and the slant height.
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S.A. L.A. B
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Use the formula for surface area.
1 B 艎
L.A.
2
p ᐉ S.A. L.A. B 65.94 (3.14) 3 ( )2 L.A. 65.94 and B π ( 3 )2.
65.94 28.26
Surface Area of a Cone 94.2
The surface area of a cone is the sum of the lateral area The surface area of the cone is about 94 m 2.
and base area.
艎
L.A. π r ᐉ S.A. L.A. B 3 Finding Surface Area of a Sphere Earth has an approximate radius
of 3,963 mi. What is the Earth’s approximate surface area to the nearest
B
r 1,000 mi2? Assume the Earth is a sphere.
Surface Area of a Sphere
2
S.A. 4 π r2 S.A. 4 π r Use the formula for surface area.
r
4(3.14) ( 3,963 )2 r 3,963
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
197,259,434.64 Multiply.
7,926 mi
197,259,000 Round to the nearest 1,000.
The slant height is the height of a lateral face.
The surface area of the Earth is about 197,259,000 mi2.
Example.
1 Finding Surface Area of a Pyramid Find the surface area of the square pyramid.
Quick Check.
Step 1 Find the lateral area.
1 1. A pyramid has a square base with edge 20 ft. The slant height is 8 ft.
L.A. pᐉ Use the formula for lateral area. 8m Find its surface area.
2
720 ft2
12 ? 20 ? 8 p4 ( 5 ) and ᐉ 8 .
80
Step 2 Find the surface area. 5m 2. A cone has lateral height 39 ft and radius 7 ft. Find its surface area.
S.A. L.A. B about 1,011 ft2
80 52 Lateral area 80 and B 52 .
80 25 105
3. A sphere has a radius of 6 cm. Find its surface area.
The surface area of the pyramid is 105 m2.
about 452 cm2
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Lesson 10-7 Volume: Prisms and Cylinders Example.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Measurement 2 Find the volume of the juice can to the nearest cubic centimeter.
1 Find volumes of prisms Topic: Measuring Physical Attributes 3.4 cm
2 Find volumes of cylinders
Local Standards: ____________________________________
Vocabulary and Key Concepts.
Volume of a Prism 16 cm
The volume V of a prism is the product of the base area B and height h.
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All rights reserved.
V B h
h
B V Bh Use the formula for volume.
Volume of a Cylinder
The volume V of a cylinder is the product of the base area B and height h. r V πr2 h B πr2
h 2
V B h . 3.14 ? 3.4 ? 16 Replace r with 3.4 and h with 16 .
580.7744 Simplify.
B
The volume is about 581 cm3.
The volume of a three-dimensional figure is the number of cubic units needed to fill it.
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
Quick Check.
A cubic unit is the space occupied by a cube with sides one unit long. 1. Find the volume of the triangular prism.
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216 ft3 6 ft
Example. 9 ft
8 ft
1 Finding Volume of a Prism Find the volume of the triangular prism.
V Bh Use the formula for volume. 9 cm
2
63 ? 20 B 1 ? 9 ? 14 63 cm 14 cm
2. Find the volume of the cylinder to the nearest cubic foot.
2
1,260 Simplify. 20 cm
1,900 ft3
11 ft
The volume is 1,260 cm3. 5 ft
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Lesson 10-8 Make a Model Example.
Lesson Objective Local Standards: ____________________________________ 3. Measure your models to find approximate radii.
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1 Make a model a. Radius of 10-in.-high can is approximately 1.3 in.
b. Radius of 8-in.-high can is approximately 1.6 in.
Example. Find the volumes.
1 Packaging A can company rolls rectangular pieces of metal that measure V πr 2h V πr2h
8 in. by 10 in. to make the sides of cans. Which height, 8 in. or 10 in., will 2 2
make a can with the greater volume?
(3.14) ( 1.3 )( 10 ) (3.14) ( 1.6 )( 8 )
53.1 64.3
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All rights reserved.
8 in. The volume is 53.1 in.3. The volume is 64.3 in.3.
The can with the greater volume is the can whose height is 8 in. .
10 in.
Check the Answer
Understand the Problem
A table is another way to organize your information and solve the problem.
1. What is the goal of the problem?
to find the height of the can with the greater volume 4. List the height of each can, and then find the radius and the volume of the can.
2. What information do you have to help you build a model? Height Radius Volume
the dimensions of the metal pieces 8 in. 1.6 in. 64.3 in.3
53.1 in.3
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
10 in. 1.3 in.
Make and Carry Out a Plan
You must find the height that gives you the greatest volume. Build two cans using
8-in-by-10-in. pieces of paper. You do not need to make the bases, just the sides. Quick Check.
1. Suppose the company uses rectangular pieces of metal that measure 7 in. by
9 in. to form the cans. Build two models to determine which height, 7 in. or
10 in. 9 in., will make the can with greater volume. Use the table below to
organize your information.
Height Radius Volume
7 in. 1.4 in. 43.1 in.3
8 in. 9 in. 1.1 in. 34.2 in.3
The can with the greater volume is the can whose height is 7 in. .
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Lesson 10-9 Volume: Pyramids, Cones, and Spheres Examples.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Measurement 2 Finding Volume of a Pyramid Find the volume of the square pyramid.
1 Find volumes of pyramids and cones Topic: Measuring Physical Attributes 1 12 in.
2 Find volumes of spheres V Bh Use the formula for volume.
Local Standards: ____________________________________ 3
13 s2 h B s2
2
Key Concepts. 13 8 ( )( 12 ) Replace s with 8 , and h with 12 .
8 in. 8 in.
256 Simplify.
Volume of a Cone and of a Pyramid
The volume V of a cone or a pyramid is 13 the product of the base area B The volume of the pyramid is 256 in.3.
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All rights reserved.
and the height h.
h h
3 Finding Volume of a Sphere Find the volume of a sphere whose radius
V = 13Bh
r is 3.5 m. Use 3.14 for p.
B B 4
V pr 3 Use the volume formula.
3
Volume of a Sphere
The volume V of a sphere with radius r is 43π times the cube of the radius. 43 (3.14) ( 3.5 )3 Replace r with 3.5 . Use 3.14 for p.
r
180 Simplify.
V= 4pr 3
3
The volume of the sphere is about 180 m 3.
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
Quick Check.
1. Find the volume, to the nearest cubic unit, of a cone with height 5 cm and
Example. radius of base 2 cm.
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1 Finding Volume of a Cone Find the volume of the cone. 21 cm3
1
V Bh Use the formula for volume.
3 12 in.
13 pr 2 h B pr 2 2. Find the volume of a square pyramid that has a side of 5 ft and a height of 20 ft.
13 (3.14) ( 2 ) 2( 12 ) Replace r with 2 , and h with 12 . Use 3.14 for p. 167 ft3
50.24 Simplify. 2 in.
The volume of the cone is about 50 in.3.
3. Find the volume of each sphere to the nearest whole number. Use 3.14 for π.
a. radius 15 m b. diameter 7 mi
14,130 m3 180 mi3
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Lesson 11-1 Square Roots and Irrational Numbers Example.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Number Sense 3 Identifying Irrational Numbers Use a Calculator. Identify each number
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1 Find square roots of numbers Topic: Estimation as rational or irrational. Explain.
a. "49
2 Classify real numbers
Local Standards: ____________________________________
rational, because 49 is a perfect square
b. 0.16
Vocabulary.
rational, because it is a terminating decimal
c. "3
A perfect square is the square of an integer.
Finding a square root is the inverse of squaring a number.
irrational, because 3 is not a perfect square
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All rights reserved.
d. 0.3333…
An irrational number is a number that cannot be written as the ratio of two integers. The
rational, because it is a repeating decimal
decimal form of an irrational number neither terminates nor repeats.
e. "15
irrational, because 15 is not a perfect square
Examples.
f. 12.69
1 Simplifying Square Roots Simplify each square root. rational, because it is a terminating decimal
a. "144
"144 12
Quick Check.
b. "81
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"81 =
1. Simplify each square root.
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
9
a. "100 10 b. "16 4
2 Estimating Square Roots You can use the formula d "1.5h to estimate 2. Estimate to the nearest integer.
a. "27 b. "72
the distance d, in miles, to a horizon line when your eyes are h feet above
the ground. Estimate the distance to the horizon seen by a lifeguard whose
eyes are 20 feet above the ground. 5 8
d 1.5h Use the formula.
d 1.5 ( 20 ) Replace h with 20 .
3. Identify each number as rational or irrational. Explain.
d 30 Multiply. a. "2 b. "81
25 30 36 Find the perfect squares close to 30.
irrational, because 2 is not a perfect rational, because 81 is a perfect square
Find the square root of the closest
25 5 square
perfect square.
The lifeguard can see about 5 miles to the horizon. c. 0.53 d. "42
rational, because 0.53 is a terminating irrational, because 42 is not a perfect
decimal square
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Lesson 11-2 The Pythagorean Theorem Examples.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Geometry
2 Finding an Approximate Length In a right triangle, the lengths
1
of the legs are each 10 ft.What is the length of the hypotenuse, to
Use the Pythagorean Theorem Topic: Relationships Among Geometric Figures
2
the nearest tenth of a foot?
Identify right triangles
Local Standards: ____________________________________
c2 a 2 b 2 Use the Pythagorean Theorem.
Replace a with 10 ,
Vocabulary and Key Concepts. c2 10 2 10 2
and b with 10.
c2 100 100 Square 10.
Pythagorean Theorem Hypotenuse
c2 200 Add.
In any right triangle, the sum of the squares of the a c
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All rights reserved.
lengths of the legs is equal to the square of the length c 200 Find the positive square root.
of the hypotenuse. b
Legs c 14.1 Round to the nearest tenth.
a 2 b 2 c 2
The length of the hypotenuse is about 14.1 ft.
The legs of a right triangle are the two shorter sides. 3 Finding a Right Triangle Is a triangle with sides 10 cm, 24 cm, and
26 cm a right triangle?
The hypotenuse is the longest side of a right triangle and is opposite the right angle. a2 b2 c2 Write the equation for the Pythagorean Theorem.
Replace a and b with the shorter
10 2 24 2 26 2
lengths and c with the longest length.
Example. 100 576 676 Simplify.
1 Using the Pythagorean Theorem Find c, the length of the hypotenuse. 676
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
676 Add.
2 c
c a 2 b 2 Use the Pythagorean Theorem. 21 cm The triangle is a right triangle.
2
c 28 2 21 2 Replace a with 28 and b with 21 . 28 cm
All rights reserved.
2 Quick Check.
c 1,225 Simplify.
2
c 1,225 35 Find the positive square root of each side.
2. In a right triangle, the length of the hypotenuse is 15 m and the length of a leg is
8 m.What is the length of the other leg, to the nearest tenth of a meter?
The length of the hypotenuse is 35 cm. 12.7 m
3. Can you form a right triangle with the three lengths given? Explain.
Quick Check.
a. 7 in., 8 in., "113 b. 5 mm, 6 mm, 10 mm
1. The lengths of two sides of a right triangle are given. Find the length of the
third side. Yes, 72 82 113. No, 52 62 102.
a. legs: 3 ft and 4 ft b. leg: 12 m; hypotenuse: 15 m
5 ft 9m
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Lesson 11-3 Distance and Midpoint Formulas Example.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Measurement 2 Finding the Midpoint of a Segment Find the midpoint of TV.
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1 Find the distance between two points Topic: Measuring Physical Attributes y
using the Distance Formula V(9, 2)
2 Find the midpoint of a segment using Local Standards: ____________________________________ 2
the Midpoint Formula
4 2 2 4 6 8 x
Vocabulary and Key Concepts. 2
T(4, 3)
Distance Formula
(x1 2 x2 , y1 2 y2) Use the Midpoint Formula.
All rights reserved.
All rights reserved.
The distance d between any two points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) is
d " ( x2 2 x1 ) 2 1 ( y2 2 y1 ) 2 3 ( 4 , 3 )
( 4 9
2
,
2
2
) Replace (x 1 , y1 ) with
and (x2 , y2 ) with ( 9 , 2 . )
Midpoint Formula
The midpoint M of a line segment with endpoints
A(x1, y1) and B(x2, y2) is
y A(x , y )
1 1 ( 13
2
,
1
2
) Simplify the numerators.
M
x1 1x2
2
,
y1 1y2
2 O
M B(x2, y2)
x
( 6
1
2
,
1
2 ) Write the fractions in simplest form.
The midpoint of segment AB is the point M on AB halfway between the endpoints A and B
The coordinates of the midpoint of TV are ( 612 , 12 )
.
where AM MB.
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
Quick Check.
2. Find the midpoint of each segment.
Example. a. y
6
1 Using the Distance Formula Find the distance between T(3, –2) and V(8, 3). A
d (x2 x1) 2 (y2 y1 ) 2 Use the Distance Formula. 4
d
Replace (x2, y2) with ( 8 , 3 ) 2
( 8 3 )2 ( 3 ( 2 )) 2 and (x1, y1) with ( 3 , 2 ). B
2 2 O x
d 5 5 Simplify. 2 4 6
d 50 Find the exact distance. (4, 3)
d 7.1 Round to the nearest tenth.
The distance between T and V is about 7.1 units. b. Find the midpoint of each side of DEF.
yD
Quick Check. 2 DF: (21, 0.5)
1. Find the distance between the two points in each pair. Round to the nearest tenth. O DE: (3, 1)
3 4 E x
a. (3, 8), (2, 4) 4.1 b. (10, 3), (1, 0) 9.5 F
EF: (1, 20.5)
188 Pre-Algebra Lesson 11-3 Daily Notetaking Guide L1 L1 Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 11-3
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L1 All-In-One Answers Version B Pre-Algebra
47
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version B (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 11-4 Write a Proportion Example.
Check the Answer
Lesson Objective NAEP 2005 Strand: Number Sense
1 Write a proportion from similar Topic: Ratios and Proportional Reasoning Solving problems that involve indirect measurement often makes use of
triangles figures that overlap.
Local Standards: ____________________________________
Example. Quick Check.
1. Use the diagram of the building in Example 1 to answer the following questions.
1 At a given time of day, a building of unknown height casts a shadow that is
24 feet long. At the same time of day, a post that is 8 feet tall casts a shadow a. Which segments overlap?
that is 4 feet long. What is the height x of the building?
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the longest side and bottom leg of each triangle
8 ft
20 ft 4 ft
Understand the Problem
1. What information is given?
The building casts a shadow that is 24 ft long. A post that is 8 ft long
casts a shadow that is 4 ft long.
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
2. What are you asked to find?
the height of the building
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Make and Carry Out a Plan b. A common error students make is to use part of a side in a proportion.
For example, some students might think 20 4 is equal to 8 . How does
Since the triangles are similar, and you know three lengths, writing and x
solving a proportion is a good strategy to use. It is helpful to draw the drawing the triangles as separate figures help you avoid this error?
triangles as separate figures.
It allows you to draw the entire 24 ft side to complete the
Write a proportion using the legs of the similar triangles.
larger triangle.
8
4
24 x
Write a proportion.
x
4 x 24 (8) Write cross products.
8 ft
4x 192 Simplify.
24 ft 4 ft
x 48 Divide each side by 4.
The height of the building is 48 ft.
190 Pre-Algebra Lesson 11-4 Daily Notetaking Guide L1 L1 Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 11-4
191
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 11-5 Special Right Triangles Example.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Geometry 2 Finding Lengths in a 30- 60- 90 Triangle Find the missing lengths
14 ft
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1 Use the relationships in 45°-45°-90° Topic: Relationships Among Geometric Figures in the triangle. 60
a
triangles 30
2 Use the relationships in 30°- 60°-90° Local Standards: ____________________________________ hypotenuse 2 ? shorter leg
b
triangles 14 2 ? a The length of the hypotenuse is 14 ft.
14
2b Divide each side by 2 .
Vocabulary and Key Concepts. 2 2
7 a Simplify.
Multiplying Square Roots
longer leg shorter leg ? !3
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For nonnegative numbers, the square root of a product equals the product of the square roots.
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b 7 ? !3 The length of the shorter leg is 7 .
Arithmetic Algebra b 12.1 Use a calculator.
9 ? 2 9 ? 2 If a 0 and b 0, then ab a ? b The length of the shorter leg is 7 ft. The length of the longer leg
is about 12.1 ft.
45 - 45 - 90 Triangles
In a 45°- 45°- 90° triangle, the legs are congruent and the length of the Quick Check.
"2 .
hypotenuse is the length of a leg times s2 45°
s 1. The length of each leg of an isosceles right triangle is 4.2 cm. Find the length
hypotenuse leg ? "2 45° of the hypotenuse. Round to the nearest tenth.
s
5.9 cm
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
30 - 60- 90 Triangles
In a 30°- 60°- 90° triangle, the length of the hypotenuse is 2 times the 30°
length of the shorter leg. The length of the longer leg is the length of the 2s
shorter leg times "3 . s3 2. Find the missing lengths in each 30 °-60°-90 ° triangle.
hypotenuse 2 ? shorter leg 60° a.
s a 6.9 cm,
longer leg shorter leg ? "3
4 cm
a b 8 cm
60°
30°
b
Example.
1 Finding Length of the Hypotenuse Find the length of the hypotenuse b. g 6 in.,
in the triangle. 60° 12 in.
45 y f 10.4 in.
"2
hypotenuse leg ? Use the 45–45–90 relationship. 10 cm g 30°
y 10 ? "2 The length of the leg is 10 cm. 45 f
10 cm
14.1 Use a calculator.
The length of the hypotenuse is about 14.1 cm.
192 Pre-Algebra Lesson 11-5 Daily Notetaking Guide L1 193
L1 Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 11-5
48 Pre-Algebra All-In-One Answers Version B L1
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version B (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 11-6 Sine, Cosine, and Tangent Ratios Examples.
Lesson Objectives Local Standards: ____________________________________ 2 Using a Calculator Find the trigonometric ratios of 18 using a scientific
1 Find trigonometric ratios in right calculator or the table on page 801. Round to four decimal places.
triangles
Scientific calculator: Enter 18 and press the key
2 Use trigonometric ratios to solve sin 18 0.3090
labeled SIN, COS, or TAN.
problems
cos 18 0.9511
Table: Find 18° in the first column. Look across
Vocabulary and Key Concepts. tan 18 0.3249
to find the appropriate ratio.
Trigonometric Ratios
3 Applying Trigonometric Ratios The diagram shows a doorstop
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length of leg opposite ⬔A length of leg adjacent to ⬔A in the shape of a wedge. What is the length of the hypotenuse of
sine A ; cosine A w
length of hypotenuse length of hypotenuse the doorstop? 10 cm
You know the angle and the side opposite the angle. 40
length of leg opposite ⬔A
tangent A You want to find w, the length of the hypotenuse.
length of leg adjacent to ⬔A
opposite
sin A Use the sine ratio.
Trigonometry means triangle measure. hypotenuse
10 Substitute 40° for the angle, 10 for the
A trigonometric ratio is the ratio of the lengths of two sides of a right triangle. sin 40°
w opposite side, and w for the hypotenuse.
w(sin 40) 10 Multiply each side by w.
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
10
Example. w Divide each side by sin 40° .
sin 40°
1 Writing Trigonometric Ratios Find the sine, cosine, and tangent of A. A 16 B w 15.6 Use a calculator.
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opposite 12 3
sin A 12
hypotenuse 20
20 5 The hypotenuse is about 15.6 cm long.
C
adjacent 16 4
cos A hypotenuse
20 5 Quick Check.
opposite 12 3 2. Find each value. Round to four decimal places.
tan A
adjacent 16 4 a. sin 10° 0.1736 b. cos 75° 0.2588 c. tan 53° 1.3270
3. How long is the bottom leg of the doorstop in Example 3?
Quick Check.
1. For ABC in Example 1, find the sine, cosine, and tangent of C. about 11.9 cm
4 3 4
sin C 5 ; cos C 5 ; tan C 3
194 Pre-Algebra Lesson 11-6 Daily Notetaking Guide L1 L1 Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 11-6
195
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 11-7 Angles of Elevation and Depression Example.
Lesson Objectives Local Standards: ____________________________________
2 Using Angles of Depression An airplane is flying 1.5 mi above the ground.
If the pilot must begin a 3° descent to an airport runway at that altitude, how
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1 Use trigonometry for finding angles
of elevation far is the airplane from the beginning of the runway (in ground distance)?
2 Use trigonometry for finding angles
d
of depression
3
Draw a picture.
1.5 mi
(not to scale)
Vocabulary.
An angle of elevation is formed by a horizontal line and a line of sight above it.
An angle of depression is formed by a horizontal line and a line of sight below it. 1.5
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All rights reserved.
tan 3 d
Choose an appropriate trigonometric ratio.
d ? tan 3 1.5 Multiply each side by d .
Example. 1.5
d Divide each side by tan 3° .
1 Using Angles of Elevation Janine is flying a kite. She lets out 30 yd of string tan 3°
and anchors it to the ground. She determines that the angle of elevation of the
d 28.6 Use a calculator or table.
kite is 52°. What is the height h of the kite from the ground?
The airplane is about 28.6 mi from the airport.
30 yd Draw a picture. Quick Check.
h
1. The angle of elevation from a ship to the top of a lighthouse is 12°. The lighthouse
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
52 is known to be 30 m tall. How far is the ship from the base of the lighthouse?
A
opposite about 141 m
sin A Choose an appropriate trigonometric ratio.
hypotenuse
h Substitute 52° for the angle measure
sin 52
30 and 30 for the hypotenuse.
30 (sin 52) h Multiply each side by 30 . 2. A group of people in a hang-gliding class are standing on top of a cliff 70 m
24 h Simplify.
high. They spot a hang glider landing on the beach below them. The angle of
depression from the top of the cliff to the hang glider is 72°. How far is the
The kite is about 24 yd from the ground. hang glider from the base of the cliff?
about 22.7 m
196 Pre-Algebra Lesson 11-7 Daily Notetaking Guide L1 L1 Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 11-7
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L1 All-In-One Answers Version B Pre-Algebra
49
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version B (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 12-1 Frequency Tables, Line Plots, and Histograms Example.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Data Analysis and Probability
2 Displaying Data in a Histogram Twenty-one judges were asked how many
cases they were trying on Monday. The frequency table below shows their
1 Display data in frequency tables and Topic: Data Representation
responses. Display the data in a histogram. Then find the range.
line plots
2
"How many cases are you trying?" For a histogram, follow the steps 1 , 2 , and 3 .
Display data in histograms Local Standards: ____________________________________
Number Frequency 3 Write a title.
Vocabulary. 0 3 Cases Tried by Judges
A frequency table is a data display that lists each data item with the number of times it 1 5
Frequency
occurs. 2 4 6 5 5
4 4
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All rights reserved.
A line plot is a data display that displays data with marks above a number line. 3 5 4 3
4 4 2 2 Draw bars equal
0 in height to the
The range of the data is the difference between the greatest and least values in the data set.
0 1 2 3 4 frequency.
Number of Cases
Example. 1 Label each axis.
1 Using a Line Plot A survey asked 22 students how many hours
of TV they watched daily. The results are below. Display The greatest value in the data set is 4 and the least value is 0 .
the data in a frequency table. Then make a line plot. For a line plot, follow the steps The range is 4 0 or 4 .
1 , 2 , and 3 .
1 3 4 3 1 1 2 3 4 1 3
2 2 1 4 2 1 2 3 2 4 3 3 Write a title that describes the data.
List the numbers Use a tally mark Count the tally marks and Quick Check.
Hours of TV Watched
of hours in order. for each result. record the frequency.
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
2. a. Display the data below in a histogram. Then find the range.
Number Tally Frequency 2 Mark an Miles from home to the mall:
for each
1 6 response. 2, 4, 3, 7, 3, 1, 4, 2, 2, 6, 3, 5, 1, 8, 3
6
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2
Miles to the Mall
3 6
4
4 4
Frequency
1 2 3 4
1 Draw a number line with the choices 2
Quick Check. below it.
1. Display the data below in a frequency table. Then make a line plot.
0
10 12 13 15 10 11 14 13 10 11 11 12 10 10 15 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Number of Miles
Number Tally Frequency
10 5
11 3
12 2 b. What is the range of the data below?
13 2 Prices of a gallon of regular gas at different gas stations:
10 11 12 13 14 15 $1.48, $1.32, $1.30, $1.35, $1.41, $1.29, $1.32, $1.43, $1.36
14 1
15 2 $.19
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199
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 12-2 Box-and-Whisker Plots Example.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Data Analysis and Probability 2 Using a Box-and-Whisker Plot to Draw Conclusions The plots below
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1 Make box-and-whisker plots Topic: Characteristics of Data Sets compare the percents of students who were eligible to those who
2 Analyze data in box-and-whisker plots participated in extracurricular activities in one school from 1992 to 2002.
Local Standards: ____________________________________
What conclusions can you draw?
Percents of Students Who Were Eligible and
Vocabulary. Participated in Activities from 1992 to 2002
A box-and-whisker plot is a data display that displays the distribution of data items
along a number line. 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
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Quartiles divide the data into four equal parts.
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The median is the middle quartile. eligible
participated
Example. About 95% of the students were eligible to participate in extracurricular
1 Making a Box-and-Whisker Plot The data below represent the wingspans activities. Around 60% of the students did participate. A little less than
in centimeters of captured birds. Make a box-and-whisker plot. two-thirds of the eligible students participated in extracurricular activities.
61 35 61 22 33 40 62 49 75 28 21
Step 1 Arrange the data in order from least to greatest. Find the median. Quick Check.
21 22 28 33 35 40 49 61 61 62 75 2. Use the box-and-whisker plots below. What conclusions can you draw about
Step 2 Find the lower quartile and upper quartile, which are the medians of the the heights of Olympic basketball players?
lower and upper halves.
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Olympic Basketball Players’ Heights (in.)
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
lower quartile 28 upper quartile 61
66 68 70 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86
Step 3 Draw a number line. Mark the least and greatest values, the
median, and the quartiles. Draw a box from the first to the third Men
quartile. Mark the median with a vertical segment. Draw whiskers Women
from the box to the least and greatest values.
Wingspans of Captured Birds The women’s heights have a median of 71 in. and a range of only 10 in.
The men’s heights have a median of 79 in. and a range of 12 in.
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Most of the men are taller than the tallest woman.
21 28 40 61 75
Quick Check.
1. Draw a box-and-whisker plot for the distances of migration of birds
(thousands of miles): 5, 2.5, 6, 8, 9, 2, 1, 4, 6.2, 18, 7.
Migrations of Birds (thousands of miles)
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
200 Pre-Algebra Lesson 12-2 Daily Notetaking Guide L1 201
L1 Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 12-2
50 Pre-Algebra All-In-One Answers Version B L1
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version B (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 12-3 Using Graphs to Persuade Example.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Data Analysis and Probability 2 Misleading Graphs What makes this graph misleading? Explain.
1 Recognize the use of breaks in the scales of graphs Topic: Data Representation Cakes Baked by Mom’s Bakery
10
Cakes baked
2 Recognize the use of different scales
(hundreds)
Local Standards: ___________________________ 8
6
4
Example. 2
1 Choosing an Appropriate Title Which title would 280 0
270
be more appropriate for the graph at the right: “Texas
Surface area (thousand mi2)
260 1998 2002
Overwhelms California” or “Areas of California and 250 The cake on the right has much more than two times the area of the
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All rights reserved.
Texas”? Explain. 240
230 cake on the left.
Because of the break in the vertical axis, the bar 220
for Texas appears to be more than six times 210
200 Quick Check.
the height of the bar for California. Actually, the
190
area of Texas is about 267,000 mi2 , which is 180
2. Use the data in the table at the right. Fish Caught for
170
not even two times the area of California, Food in the U.S.
160
which is about 159,000 mi2 . 150
0
California Texas
Fish Caught
(billions of
The title Texas Overwhelms California could be misleading. Year pounds)
Areas of Texas and California better describes the information 1993 8.2
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
in the graph. 1994 7.9
1995 7.7
1996 7.5
Quick Check. SOURCE: Statistical Abstract of the United
All rights reserved.
States. Go to www.PHSchool.com for a
1. Use the data in the graph in Example 1. Redraw the graph without a break. data update. Web Code: adg-2041
Areas of California and Texas a. Make a graph that suggests a rapid decrease b. Make a graph that suggests a slow decrease
300
(thousand mi2)
in the total weight of the fish caught. in the total weight of the fish caught.
Surface area
250
200 Fish Caught Fish Caught
Billions of Pounds
150 8.4 10
100 8.2 8
Billions of Pounds
of Fish
50 8.0 6
0 7.8 4
of Fish
California Texas 7.6 2
7.4 0
7.2 1993 1994 1995 1996
7.0 Year
0
1993 1994 1995 1996
Year
202 Pre-Algebra Lesson 12-3 Daily Notetaking Guide L1 L1 Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 12-3
203
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 12-4 Counting Outcomes and Theoretical Probability Example.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Data Analysis and Probability
2 Using the Counting Principle In some state lotteries, the winning number is
made up of five digits chosen at random. Suppose a player buys 5 tickets with
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1 Use a tree diagram and the Counting Principle to Topic: Probability
find the number of possible choices
different numbers. What is the probability that the player has a winning number?
2 Find the theoretical probability by counting First find the number of possible outcomes. For each digit, there are 10
outcomes Local Standards: ___________________________ possible outcomes, 0 through 9.
1st digit 2nd digit 3rd digit 4th digit 5th digit total
outcomes outcomes outcomes outcomes outcomes outcomes
Vocabulary and Key Concepts. 10 ? 10 ? 10 ? 10 ? 10 100,000
Counting Principle
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All rights reserved.
Find the probability when there are five favorable outcomes.
If there are m ways of making one choice and n ways of making a second number of outcomes 5
favorable
choice, then there are m ? n ways of making the first choice followed P(winning number)
number of possible outcomes 100,000
by the second choice.
Theoretical Probability 5 1
The probability is , or .
number of favorable outcomes
100,000 20,000
P(event)
number of possible outcomes
Quick Check.
A sample space is a list of all possible outcomes. 1. Suppose the cafeteria from Example 1 also offers a meat choice of salami.
Draw a tree diagram. How many sandwich choices are there?
mayonnaise
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
ham 12
Example. mustard
mayonnaise
1 Drawing a Tree Diagram The school cafeteria sells sandwiches for wheat turkey
mustard
which you can choose one item from each of the following categories: two mayonnaise
breads (wheat or white), two meats (ham or turkey), and two condiments salami
mustard
(mayonnaise or mustard). Draw a tree diagram to find the number of mayonnaise
sandwich choices. ham
mustard
mayonnaise
ham mayonnaise
mustard white turkey
wheat Each branch of the ”tree“ represents one choice– mustard
mayonnaise for example, wheat-ham-mayonnaise. mayonnaise
turkey salami
mustard
mustard
mayonnaise 2. a. A lottery uses five digits chosen at random. Find the probability of
ham buying a winning ticket.
mustard
white 1
mayonnaise 100,000
turkey
mustard b. Find the probability of matching the first and second digits of the
winning number.
There are 8 possible sandwich choices. 1
100
204 Pre-Algebra Lesson 12-4 Daily Notetaking Guide L1 L1 Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 12-4
205
L1 All-In-One Answers Version B Pre-Algebra
51
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version B (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 12-5 Independent and Dependent Events Example.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Data Analysis and Probability
2 Finding Probability for Dependent Events Three girls and two boys
volunteer to represent their class at a school assembly. The teacher selects one
1 Calculate probabilities of independent events Topic: Probability
name and then another from a bag containing the five students’ names. What
2 Calculate probabilities of dependent events Local Standards: _____________________________ is the probability that both representatives will be boys?
2
Vocabulary and Key Concepts. P(boy) Two of five students are boys.
5
Probability of Independent Events 1 If a boy's name is drawn, one of the four
P(boy after boy)
For two independent events A and B, the probability of both events remaining students is a boy.
4
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All rights reserved.
occurring is the product of the probabilities of each event occurring. P(boy, then boy) P(boy) ? P(boy after boy)
P(A, then B) P(A) ? P(B) 2 1
? Substitute.
Probability of Dependent Events 5 4
For two dependent events A and B, the probability of both events
2 1
occurring is the product of the probability of the first event and the , or Simplify.
probability that, after the first event, the second event occurs. 20 10
P(A, then B) P(A) ? P(B after A)
1 .
The probability that both representatives will be boys is 10
Independent events are events in which the first event does not affect the second event.
Dependent events are events in which the first event does affect the second event. Quick Check.
1. You toss a coin twice. Find the probability of getting two heads.
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
Example. 1
4
1 Finding Probability for Independent Events You roll a number cube
once. Then you roll it again. What is the probability that you get 5 on the
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first roll and a number less than 4 on the second roll?
1 There is one 5 among 6 numbers
P(5)
6 on a number cube.
3 There are three numbers less than 4 2. Use Example 2 to find the probability of the following events:
P(less than 4)
on a number cube. a. Find P(boy, then girl). b. Find P(girl, then boy).
6
P(5, then less than 4) P(5) ? P(less than 4) 3 3
10 10
1 3
?
6 6
3 1
, or Simplify.
36 12
1 .
The probability of rolling 5 and then a number less than 4 is 12
206 Pre-Algebra Lesson 12-5 Daily Notetaking Guide L1 L1 Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 12-5
207
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 12-6 Permutations and Combinations Examples.
Lesson Objectives Local Standards: ____________________________________ 3 Counting Combinations In how many ways can you choose
State Area (mi2)
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1 Use permutations two states from the table when you write about the areas of
states? Make an organized list of all the combinations. Alabama 50,750
2 Use combinations
Colorado 103,729
Vocabulary and Key Concepts. Maine 30,865
Oregon 96,003
Permutation Notation Texas 261,914
The expression n Pr stands for the number of permutations of n objects
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All rights reserved.
chosen r at a time. AL, CO AL, ME AL , OR AL , TX
Use abbreviations of each
Combination Notation CO, ME CO, OR CO, TX state‘s name. First, list all
pairs including Alabama.
The expression nC r stands for the number of combinations of n ME, OR ME , TX Continue until every pair
objects chosen r at a time. of states is listed.
OR , TX
A permutation is an arrangement in which order is important. There are ten ways to choose two states from a list of five.
A combination is an arrangement in which order does not matter. 4 Simplifying Combination Notation How many different pizzas can you
make if you can choose exactly 5 toppings from 9 that are available?
Examples. 9 toppings Choose 5.
1 Counting Permutations Find the number of permutations possible for P
C 9P5
9 5
the letters H, O, M, E, and S. 5 5
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1st digit 2nd letter 3rd letter 4th letter 5th letter 1 2 1
5 choices 4 choices 3 choices 2 choices 1 choice
9 ? 8 ? 7 ? 6 ? 5 126 Simplify.
5 ? 4 ? 3 ? 2 ? 1
5 ? 4 ? 3 ? 2 ? 1 120
1 1 1 1
There are 120 permutations of the letters H, O, M, E, and S.
You can make 126 different pizzas.
2 Simplify the Permutation Notation In how many ways can you line up
3 students chosen from 7 students for a photograph? Quick Check.
7 students Choose 3.
2. Simplify each expression.
P 7
7 3
? 6 ? 5 210 Simplify. a. 5 P2 b. 5P3
You can line up 3 students from 7 in 210 ways. 20 60
c. 8C 2 d. 8C 3
Quick Check. 28 56
1. Use the Counting Principle to find the number of permutations possible for
the letters W, A, T, E, and R. 3. In how many ways could you choose three different items from a menu
containing six items?
120
20
208 Pre-Algebra Lesson 12-6 Daily Notetaking Guide L1 209
L1 Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 12-6
52 Pre-Algebra All-In-One Answers Version B L1
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version B (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 12-7 Experimental Probability Example.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Data Analysis and Probability
2 Using a Simulation Simulate the correct guessing of answers on
a multiple-choice test where each problem has four answer choices
1 Find experimental probability Topic: Probability
(A, B, C, and D).
2 Use simulations Local Standards: _______________________________ Use a 4-section spinner to simulate each guess. Mark the sections as 1, 2, 3,
and 4. Let 1 represent a correct choice.
Vocabulary and Key Concepts. Here are the results of 50 trials.
22431 13431 43121 21243 33434
Experimental Probability 32134 12224 42213 34424 32412
number of times an event occurs
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All rights reserved.
P(event) number of times an event occurs
number of times an experiment is done P(event)
number of times an experiment is done
Experimental probability is probability that is based on experimental data. 10
A simulation is a model used to find experimental probability. 50
1
Example.
5
1 Finding Experimental Probability A medical student tests a new medicine
on 3,500 people. It produces side effects for 1,715 people. Find the experimental 1
The experimental probability of guessing correctly is .
probability that the medicine will cause side effects. Then predict the number of 5
people in a group of 3,000 for whom the medicine will have side effects.
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
number of times an event occurs Quick Check.
P(event)
number of times experiment is done 2. a. In Example 2, compare the experimental probability with the
theoretical probability.
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1,715
0.49 The theoretical probability is 1
3,500 4 . The experimental probability is a little
less than the theoretical probability.
Quick Check.
1. Another medicine is effective for 1,183 of 2,275 participants. Find the
experimental probability that the medicine is effective. Then predict
the number of people in a group of 4,500 for whom the medicine will b. If you try the experiment 100 times, what is most likely to happen to the
be effective. experimental probability?
52%; 2,340 It will get closer to the theoretical probability.
210 Pre-Algebra Lesson 12-7 Daily Notetaking Guide L1 L1 Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 12-7
211
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 12-8 Random Samples and Surveys Example.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Data Analysis and Probability
2 Using Samples to Predict From 20,000 calculators produced, a
manufacturer takes a random sample of 300 calculators. The sample has
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1 Choose a sample for a survey of a population Topic: Experiments and Samples
2 defective calculators. Estimate the number of defective calculators.
2 Make estimates about populations Local Standards: _____________________________
defective sample calculators defective calculators Write a
proportion.
sample calculators calculators
Vocabulary. 2 n
Substitute.
A population is a group about which you want information. 300 20,000
A sample is a part of a population you use to make estimates about the population. 2(20,000) 300n Write cross products.
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All rights reserved.
2(20,000) 300n
Divide each side by 300 .
For a random sample each member of the population has an equal chance to be selected. 300 300
133 n Simplify.
Example. About 133 calculators are defective.
1 Choosing a Sample You want to find out how many people in the
community use computers on a daily basis. Tell whether each survey plan
describes a good sample. Explain.
Quick Check.
a. Interview every tenth person leaving a computer store.
2. Use the data in the table at the right. Calculator Samples
This is not a good sample. People leaving a computer store are more
likely to own computers. a. Using Sample B, how many of 20,000 calculators would you Number Number
estimate to be defective? Sample Sampled Defective
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
b. Interview people at random at the shopping center. A 500 3
200 calculators
This is a good sample. It is selected at random from the population you B 200 2
want to study. C 50 0
Quick Check.
b. Reasoning Would you expect an estimate based on Sample C to be
1. Explain whether each plan describes a good sample.
more accurate or less accurate than one based on Sample B? Explain.
a. You want to know how often teens rent videos. You plan to survey teens
going into the local video store. Less accurate; a larger sample is more likely to be more representative
of the population.
Not a good sample, because this sample would not include teens who
do not rent videos.
b. You want to know the most popular breakfast cereal. You plan to survey
people entering a grocery store. 3. Explain why you would take a sample rather than counting or surveying an
entire population.
This is a good sample, because there is little built-in bias for or against
any cereal. The entire population might be too large to be surveyed. Also the
testing might be destructive, as in testing flash bulbs.
212 Pre-Algebra Lesson 12-8 Daily Notetaking Guide L1 L1 Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 12-8
213
L1 All-In-One Answers Version B Pre-Algebra
53
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version B (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 12-9 Simulate the Problem Example.
Use the results in the table at the right.
Lesson Objective NAEP 2005 Strand: Data Analysis and Probability B B B B WWB B WB
B stands for black and W stands for white.
1 Solve problems by simulation Topic: Probability B W B B WB B B B W
Make a frequency table.
Local Standards: ____________________________________ W B B W B B B B WB
Makes a Base Hit Doesn't Make a Base Hit
B B B B B B B B B B
Example. B B WB B B W B B B
1 Using a Simulation A softball player has an average of getting a base hit B B B W WB B B B W
2 times in every 7 times at bat. What is an experimental probability that she W B B B B B B B B B
will get a base hit the next time she is at bat?
B B B B B B W W B B
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All rights reserved.
Understand the Problem B W WB B WB B B B
Think about the problem. B B B B B WB B B W
1. Based on her average, what is the probability of getting a base hit?
An experimental probability that the softball player gets a base hit
2
7 22
the next time she is at bat is 0.22 , or 22 %.
2. What methods could you use to simulate the problem? 100
Answers will vary. Sample: use a spinner.
Check the Answer
Simulations can give different results. You may find a different probability
if you do another simulation. The more experiments you do, the closer the
Make and Carry Out a Plan results of different simulations are likely to be.
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
You can use a spinner to simulate the problem. Construct a spinner with
seven congruent sections. Mark five of the sections black and
two of them white. The black sections represent not getting a base hit and Quick Check.
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the white sections indicate getting a base hit. 1. a. Continue the simulation with another 100 experiments. Combine the results
with the results of the first 100 simulations. (Hint: Flip a coin 100 times.)
Each spin represents one time at bat .
Answers will vary.
b. Based on the second simulation, what is the experimental probability
that the softball player will get a base hit the next time she is at bat?
3. How many spins will you make for each experiment?
Answers will vary.
Answers will vary. Sample: 100
4. How many experiments will you do?
Answers will vary. Sample: 2
214 Pre-Algebra Lesson 12-9 Daily Notetaking Guide L1 L1 Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 12-9
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Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 13-1 Patterns and Sequences Example.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Algebra 3 Finding the Type of Sequence Tell whether the sequence is arithmetic,
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1 Describe number patterns with Topic: Patterns, Relations, and Functions geometric, or neither. Find the next three terms of each sequence.
arithmetic sequences
2 Describe number patterns with Local Standards: ____________________________________ 2, 4, 8, 16, …
geometric sequences
2 4 8 16 32 64 128
Vocabulary. (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
The ratios for the first four terms are 24 , 8 , and 216
2 24 8
.
A sequence is a set of numbers that follow a pattern.
A term is a number in a sequence. These equal 2 , which is the common ratio. The sequence is
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All rights reserved.
An arithmetic sequence is a sequence in which each term after the first is the result of geometric . The next three terms are 32 , 64 and 128 .
adding a fixed number to the previous term.
A common difference is a fixed number added to the terms of an arithmetic sequence. Quick Check.
1. Find the next three terms of each sequence. Then write a rule to describe
A geometric sequence is a sequence in which each term after the first is the result of the sequence. For 1b, first find the common ratio.
multiplying a fixed number by the previous term. a. 23, 19, 15, 11, … b. 4, 12, 36, 108, …
A common ratio is a fixed number multiplied by the terms of a geometric sequence. 7, 3, 1; start with 3 and add 4 3; 324, 972, 2,916; start with 4 and
repeatedly. multiply by 3 repeatedly.
Examples.
1 Swimming A swimmer training for a meet swims 5 laps the first day, 6 12 laps
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2. Tell whether each sequence is arithmetic, geometric, or neither. Then find the
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the next day, 8 laps the third day, and so on. Find the next three terms of the next three terms of the sequence.
sequence. Then write a rule to describe the sequence.
a. 4, 16, 64, 256, … b. 50, 200, 350, 500, …
1 1
5 6 12 8 9 11 12 geometric; 1,024, 4,096, 16,384 arithmetic; 650, 800, 950
2 2 Find the common difference.
Use it to find the next three terms.
1 12 1 12 1 12 1 12 1 12
1 1
The next three terms are 9 , 11 , and 12 .
2 2
1
The rule for the sequence is Start with 5 and add 1 repeatedly.
2
2 Finding the Common Ratio Find the common ratio in the sequence
3, 9, 27, 81, … Find the next three terms of the sequence. Then write a rule
to describe the sequence.
3 9 27 81 243 729 2,187
Find the common ratio. Use it
to find the next three terms.
3 3 3 3 3 3
216 Pre-Algebra Lesson 13-1 Daily Notetaking Guide L1 217
L1 Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 13-1
54 Pre-Algebra All-In-One Answers Version B L1
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version B (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 13-2 Graphing Nonlinear Functions Quick Check.
Lesson Objectives 1. For each function, make a table with integer values of x from 2 to 2.
NAEP 2005 Strand: Algebra
Then graph each function.
1 Graph quadratic functions Topic: Patterns, Relations, and Functions
a. y 2x2
2 Graph absolute value functions Local Standards: ____________________________________
2
x 2x y (x, y)
2
Vocabulary. 2 2(2) 8 (2, 8)
2
1 2(1) 2 (1, 2)
A quadratic function is a function based on squaring the input variable.
2
An absolute value function is a function with a graph that is V-shaped and opens up or down. 0 2(0) 0 (0, 0)
2
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1 2(1) 2 (1, 2)
2
2 2(2) 8 (2, 8)
Examples. O y x
4 2 2 4
1 Graphing a Quadratic Function For the function y x2 1, make a
table with integer values of x from 2 to 2. Then graph the function.
y
x x 2 1 y (x, y) 4 4
-2 -(-2) 1
2
3 (-2, 3 ) 2 6
2
-1 -(-1) 1 0 (-1, 0)
8
2 4 2 O 2 4x
0 -( 0 ) 11 ( 0 , 1)
2
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1
2
-(1) 1 0 (1, 0 ) b. y x 1
2 4
2 -(2) 1 -3 (2, -3) x y x 1 (x, y)
2 y |2| 1 (2, 1)
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1 y |1| 1 (1, 0)
2 Graphing an Absolute Value Function Graph the function y |x| 1.
0 y |0| 1 (0, 1)
y
x x 1 = y (x, y) 4
1 y |1| 1 (1, 0)
2 2 1 1 (2, 1 ) 2
2 y |2| 1 (2, 1)
1 1 1 0 (1, 0)
4 2 O 2 4x y
0 0 1 -1 (0, 1)
2 4 O 4x
1 1 1 0 (1, 0)
4 2
2 2 1 1 (2, 1 )
4
6
218 Pre-Algebra Lesson 13-2 Daily Notetaking Guide L1 L1 Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 13-2
219
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 13-3 Exponential Growth and Decay Quick Check.
1. For the function y 0.5(2)x, make a table with x
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Algebra 2. For the function y 90( 13 ) , make a table
integer values of x from 0 to 5.
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1 Use tables, rules, and graphs with Topic: Algebraic Representation
with integer values of x from 0 to 5.
functions modeling growth Then graph the function. Then graph the function.
2 Use tables, rules, and graphs with Local Standards: ____________________________________ x
x 0.5(2) y (x, y) 1
functions modeling decay x 90( 3 )x y (x, y)
0
0 0.5(2) 0.5 (0, 0.5)
1
0 ( 1 )0
90 3 90 (0, 90)
Examples. 1 0.5(2) 1 (1, 1)
90( 3 )
1 1
1 Graphing Exponential Growth For y 4(2)x, make a table with integer 0.5(2)
2
(2, 2) 1 30 (1, 30)
2 2
values of x from 0 to 4. Then graph the function.
90( 3 )
3 1 2
3 0.5(2) 4 (3, 4)
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All rights reserved.
2 10 (2, 10)
x 4(2) x
y (x, y) y
4
4 0.5(2) 8 (4, 8)
90( 3 )
1 3
0 4(2)
0
4 (0, 4)
60
50 5
3
1
33 (3, 3 13 )
5 0.5(2) 16 (5, 16)
40
1 4(2)
1
8 (1, 8)
30 4 ( 1 )4
90 3
1
19 (4, 1 19 )
2 y
2 4(2) 16 (2, 16) 20 16
90( 3 ) (5, 1027 )
1 5 10
10 5 27
3 4(2)
3
32 (3, 32 ) O 1 2 3 4 5 6
x 12
4 4(2)
4
(4, ) y
64 64 8 120
4 90
2 Graphing Exponential Decay For the function y 2(0.5)x, make a table x
with integer values of x from 0 to 5. Then graph the function. 60
O 2 4 6
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
y 30
x 2(0.5)x y (x, y)
0 2.5 x
0 2(0.5) 2 (0, 2) 2.0 O 2 4
1 1.5
1 2(0.5) 1 (1, 1)
1.0
2 0.5
2 2(0.5) 0.5 (2, 0.5)
x
3 O 1 2 3 4 5 6
3 2(0.5) 0.25 (3, 0.25)
4 2(0.5)
4
0.125 (4, 0.125 )
5 2(0.5)
5
0.0625 (5, 0.0625 )
220 Pre-Algebra Lesson 13-3 Daily Notetaking Guide L1 L1 Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 13-3
221
L1 All-In-One Answers Version B Pre-Algebra
55
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version B (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 13-4 Polynomials Examples.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Algebra
3 Evaluating a Polynomial Evaluate each polynomial for r 2 and s 7.
1 Identify polynomials Topic: Variables, Expressions, and Operations
a. 5r 2 s b. 6rs
3
2 Evaluate polynomials Local Standards: ____________________________________
5r 2 s 5(2)2 7 Replace r with 2 and s with 7.
6rs 6(2)(7)
3 3
Vocabulary. 13 Simplify. 28
A monomial is a real number, a variable, or a product of a real number and variable with
whole number exponents. 4 Using a Polynomial The polynomial 16r 2 100t gives the height,
in feet, reached by a fireworks shell in t seconds. If the shell explodes
A polynomial is a monomial or a sum or difference of monomials.
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All rights reserved.
5 seconds after launch, at what height did it explode?
16t2 100t
A binomial is a polynomial with two terms.
A trinomial is a polynomial with three terms.
16 ( 5 )2 100( 5 ) Replace t with 5 .
100 Simplify.
The shell will explode at 100 feet.
Examples.
1 Recognizing a Monomial Is each expression a monomial? Explain.
a. 5 c
Quick Check.
No ; the expression is a sum . 1. Is the expression a monomial? Explain.
6 m
7z a. m b. 6 c. 45
b. 3
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
Yes ; the expression is the product of the real number 73 No, the Yes; it is the Yes; it is a real
denominator product of the number.
and the variable z. contains a variable m
c. 6ab2 variable. and the real
number 1 6.
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Yes ; the expression is the product of the real number 6
and the variables a, b, and b. 2. Is the polynomial a monomial, a binomial, or a trinomial?
4g
d. h a. 10 b. 9x2 xy c. 5 x 3y
No ; the denominator contains a variable. monomial binomial trinomial
2 Naming a Polynomial State whether the polynomial is a monomial, a
binomial, or a trinomial. 3. Evaluate each polynomial for x 2 and y 5.
a. 14x2 2xy 7y2 a. 5xy b. x 3y c. y2 2y x
trinomial
50 13 13
2
b. 11a3 bc
monomial 4. Fireworks are set to explode 4 seconds after launch. Using the polynomial
in Example 4, at what height will they explode?
c. z 10
binomial 144 feet
222 Pre-Algebra Lesson 13-4 Daily Notetaking Guide L1 L1 Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 13-4
223
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 13-5 Adding and Subtracting Polynomials Example.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Algebra 3 Subtracting Polynomials Simplify (12y2 10y 5) (6y2 8y 11).
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1 Add polynomials Topic: Variables, Expressions, and Operations
(12y2 10y 5) (6y2 8y 11)
2 Subtract polynomials Write the opposite of each term
Local Standards: _____________________________ 12y2 10y 5 6y2 8y 11 in the second polynomial.
Examples.
(
12y2 6y2 )( 10y )
8y (5 11) Group like terms.
(12 6)y2 (10 8)y (5 11) Use the Distributive Property.
1 Adding Polynomials Simplify (4b2 2b 1) (7b2 b 3).
Method 1 Add using tiles. 6 y2 2 y 6 Simplify.
4b2 2b 1
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All rights reserved.
Quick Check.
7b2 b 3
1. Simplify.
a. (7d2 7d) (2d2 3d) b. (x2 2x 5) (3x2 x 12)
11 b2 3 b 2 9d2 10d 4x2 3x 17
Method 2 Add by combining like terms.
(4b2 2b 1) (7b2 b 3) 2. Simplify each sum.
Use the Commutative and a. (4g2 2g 2) (2g2 3) b. (2t2 t 5) (2t 4)
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
(4b2 7b2) (2b b) (1 3) Associative Properties of
6g2 2g 1 2t2 3t 9
Addition to group like terms.
Use the Distributive
(
4 7 b2 ) ( 2 1b ) ( 1 3) Property to combine like terms.
11 b2 3 b 2 Simplify.
3. Simplify each difference.
2 Aligning Like Terms Find the sum of 2z2 9z 15 and 8z 11. a. (7a2 2a) (5a 2 3a) b. (10z2 6z 5) (z2 8z 7)
Align like terms.
2a2 5a 9z2 14z 2
2z 9z 15
2
8z 11
2z z 4
2
Add the terms in each column.
224 Pre-Algebra Lesson 13-5 Daily Notetaking Guide L1 225
L1 Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 13-5
56 Pre-Algebra All-In-One Answers Version B L1
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version B (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 13-6 Multiplying a Polynomial by a Monomial Examples.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Algebra
2 Simplifying a Product Simplify 5n2 (2n3 4n2 n).
1 Topic: Variables, Expressions, and Operations
5n2(2n3 4n2 n)
Use an area model for multiplication Use the Distributive
2 Write a polynomial as the product of a 5n2(2n3) 5n2(4n2) 5n2(n)
Local Standards: _______________________ Property.
monomial and a polynomial
Use the Commutative
(5)(2)n2 3 (5)(4)n2 2 (5)n2 1 Property of Multiplication.
Example.
1 Finding Area Find the area of the rectangle. All measurements are in (5)(2)n5 (5)(4)n4 (5)n3 Add exponents.
meters. n5 n4 5n3 Simplify.
10 20
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All rights reserved.
v7 3 Finding Factors of a Polynomial Write 6r 4 10r 3 14r 2 as a product of two factors.
6r 4 2 ? 3 ? r ? r ? r ? r
A ᐉw
4v
10r 3 2 ? 5 ? r ? r ? r
14r 2 1 ? 2 ? 7 ? r ? r
} Write prime factorizations.
4v(v 7) Substitute. GCF 2r 2
4v(v) 4v(7) Use the Distributive Property.
4v2 28v Simplify. 6r 4 2 r 2 ? 3r 2
The area of the rectangle is 4v 2 28v m2. 10r 3 2r 2 ? 5 r Write each term as the product of 2r2 and another factor.
14r 2 2r 2 ? 7 Use the Distributive Property.
Quick Check. 6r 4 10r 3 14r 2 2r 2 (3r 2 5r 7)
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1. Simplify each product.
a. 3x(x 4)
Quick Check.
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3x2 12x
2. Simplify each product.
a. x(x2 2x 4) b. 2a 2(2a 3 3a 2 3)
x3 2x2 4x 4a5 6a 4 6a 2
b. x(2x 3)
3. Use the GCF of the terms to write each polynomial as the product of
2x2 3x two factors.
a. 2x 2 x
x(2x 1)
b. 2b 2 6b 2 12b
2b(b 3b 6)
226 Pre-Algebra Lesson 13-6 Daily Notetaking Guide L1 L1 Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 13-6
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Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 13-7 Multiplying Binomials Example.
Lesson Objectives NAEP 2005 Strand: Algebra 3 Multiplying Binomials Write a polynomial to express the area of the (2x 1) in.
square at the right.
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1 Use models in multiplying binomials Topic: Variables, Expressions, and Operations
2 Multiply two binomials
Method 1 Use a model.
Local Standards: _______________________________ x x 1
x
Examples.
1 Using a Model Simplify (x 3)(x 5). x
factors 1
x 5
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All rights reserved.
The area of the square is 4x2 4x 1 in.2.
Method 2 Use the formula for the area of a square and the Distributive Property.
x3
Area side2
A (2x 1)2
product (2x 1)(2x 1)
x2 8x 15 2x (2x 1) 1 (2x 1)
The area is x2 8x 15 . 2x (2x) 2x (1) 1 (2x) 1 (1)
4 x2 2 x 2 x 1
2 Multiplying Two Binomials Simplify (b 2)(3b 1).
4 x2 4 x 1
(b 2)(3b 1)
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
b(3b 1) 2(3b 1) Use the Distributive Property. The area of a square is 4x2 4x 1 in.2.
3 b2 b 6b 2 Use the Distributive Property again.
3b2 5 b 2 Simplify. Quick Check.
2. Simplify each product.
a. (x 2)(x 5) b. (m 2)(2m 3)
Quick Check. x2 3x 10 2m2 7m 6
1. Simplify each product using models.
a. (x 2)(x 3) b. (y 1)(y 4)
x2 5x 6 y2 5y 4
3. a. Which method do you prefer to use in Example 3? Explain.
Answers may vary. Check students’ work.
b. Which method from Example 3 would you use to simplify (3x 4)(3x 4)?
Answers may vary. Check students’ work.
228 Pre-Algebra Lesson 13-7 Daily Notetaking Guide L1 L1 Daily Notetaking Guide Pre-Algebra Lesson 13-7
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L1 All-In-One Answers Version B Pre-Algebra
57
Pre-Algebra: All-In-One Answers Version B (continued)
Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date________________ Name_____________________________________ Class____________________________ Date ________________
Lesson 13-8 Use Multiple Strategies Example.
Lesson Objective Local Standards: _____________________________ Make a table.
1 Solve problems by combining strategies Layer No. of apples No. of Total
(from top on edge of apples in no. of
down) layer layer apples
Example. 1 1
2
1 1 1
1 Apple Display A grocer stacks apples in the shape of a square pyramid. 2 2 2 5
2 4
He wants to make the pyramid have six “layers.” How many apples does 2
the grocer need? 3 3 3 9 14
2
Understand the Problem 4 4 4 16 30
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All rights reserved.
2
Read the problem carefully. 5 5 5 25 55
1. What do you want to find? 2
6 6 6 36 91
the number of apples needed
The grocer needs 91 apples.
2. What is the relationship between the pyramid layers and the number of
apples needed? Check the Answer
The number of apples in each layer is the square of the layer number. The original problem states that the stack of apples is in the shape of a
square pyramid. This means that the number of apples in each layer should
be a perfect square. In this solution, 4, 9, 16, 25, and 36 are each perfect
Make and Carry Out a Plan squares. So the result fits the context of the original problem.
Draw a diagram of each layer of the pyramid of apples.
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
1 Quick Check.
2
3 1. Suppose that the pyramid must have 9 layers. Find the number of apples the
1 grocer will need.
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2 285 apples
3
4
5
6
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58 Pre-Algebra All-In-One Answers Version B L1
Name Class Date
Answers
Activity 1 Activity 7
3a. No; each coordinate pair corresponds to one unique 1a. 39 1b. 13 2b. 38 48 78 6a. 16 6b. 43 6c. 1
person, and each person has one coordinate pair. 3b. A 3 6e. 4 6f. 2
6d. 10 3 5
duplicate pair means two people are sitting in the same seat.
10. Sample answers: If each coordinate pair is the same, the
quadrilaterals are the same. If the lengths of the sides and the Activity 8
shapes are the same, the quadrilaterals are the same. 5. Sample answer: Less than; the total height of the desk and
the chair is less than the height of the classroom.
Activity 2
2a. y 2 2b. x 6 2c. w 7 3a. d 3 3b. b 3 3c. c 3 Activity 9
2. 14 3. 14 square unit 4a. 21 4b. B is half of 41 square unit
Activity 3 1 square units, 1 square
so divide 14 by 2; 18 square units 5. 16 32
2. three sets of the quantity x + 1
units 6a. E is twice the size of C, so multiply the area of
3. 4a. 3x + 3 4b. 3x + 3
C times two. 6b. 18 square units 7b. F is twice C plus D, so
double the area of C and add the area of D to the result;
5a. four x-tiles and three one-tiles; 2 sets 5b. 8x + 6 2 Q 16
1 R + 1 = 5 square units. 8. Add the areas of all the
32 32
6a. 3(3x + 2); 6x + 6; false; add 3 x-tiles to the right hand side pieces. The sum should equal 1 square unit.
6b. 6(x + 1); 3(2x + 2); 2(3x + 3) 7. Multiply each of the 1 1 1 1 1 1 5
terms inside the parentheses by the number outside the 4 + 4 + 8 + 16 + 32 + 8 + 32 = 1 square unit
parentheses, since there are that many sets of each term.
Activity 10
Activity 4 1a. There are a total of 10 vertical columns, so five columns is
3. Color coding: yellow (y), red (r), purple (p), green (g), blue (b) one half of the total. 1b. 21 1c. 25 1d. 41 2a. 1 2b. 4
1 嘷
2 嘷
3 嘷
4 嘷
5 嘷
6 7 嘷
8 嘷
9 嘷
10 2c. 4 2d. 100 4 ; 1 3a. You cannot divide 100 evenly by 3
25
y r y b y, r y r, p y, b, g or by 6, so you cannot correctly represent either of these
11 嘷
12 13 嘷
14 嘷
15 嘷
16 17 嘷18 19 嘷20 fractions using a decimal grid. 3b. Sample answer: Make a
grid with a total number of squares that is evenly divisible by 3
y, r y r, b y y, r, p y, b, g 1 4. The
and 6; for example, use 6 rows and 3 columns. 18
© Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
嘷
21 嘷
22 23 嘷
24 嘷
25 嘷
26 嘷
27 嘷
28 29 嘷30 value of the solution is always less than the values of the two
r y y, r b y r, p y y, r, b, g factors.
31 嘷
32 嘷
33 嘷
34 嘷
35 嘷
36 37 嘷
38 嘷
39 嘷
40
y r y b y, r, p y r y, b, g Activity 11
4a. Possible answers: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37
1b. 28 1c. 72 1d. 44 1e. 81 1f. 7 4 72 44 18 = 3258
4b. 10, 18, 20, 30, 36, 40 4c. Possible patterns: every even
number is divisible by 2; every number ending in 0 has 3 factors 1g. Multiply first, then add. 1h. 3258 cm 2. 818 3. 523
1 5. 455
4. 3916 6
Activity 5
Check students’ work Activity 12
9. The solutions in each row are the same. 10. Multiply the
Activity 6 dividend by the reciprocal of the divisor.
1. 68 in.; 34 4 in.
a. 16
Activity 13
2. 283 in.; 238 10 in.
b. 16 1. Divide by 2. 2. 141 cups flour; 85 cup salt; 1 tablespoon
3. 28 in.; 14 12 in.
c. 16 cream of tartar; 58 cup water; 112 drops food coloring
4. 58 in.; 85 4 in.
d. 116
Activity 14
5. 182 in.; 141 6 in.
e. 216 2a. $2 2b. $67.50 2c. $160 2d. $90
6a–b. Check students’ work.
Pre-Algebra Hands-On Activities Answers 37
Name Class Date
Answers (continued)
Activity 15 13. acute triangle 14. right triangle
Check students’ work.
Activity 16
4. right triangles 5. Each triangle has the same angle
measures. 6. Check students’ work.
15. obtuse triangle 16. scalene triangle
Activity 17
5a. 100% 5b. 360
Activity 18
17. isosceles triangle
Check students’ work.
Activity 19
1. A B A B A B
2. F G H 3. E K
4. C J L Activity 20
1b. 180° 2b. 360° 3a. 540° 3b. 720° 3c. 1,080°
5. 4a. The measures of the angles of a triangle total 180°;
M The measures of the angles of a quadrilateral equal 360°.
3 cm 4b. The measures of angles increase as the number of sides
increase. 5a. Check students’ drawings. 5b. The measures
N O of the angles in a triangle total 180°, so the third angle is 180°
minus the sum of the other 2; 100° 6. 1,440°
D
6. 7.
Activity 21
© Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
P U
9c. Sample answers: A polygon is a closed shape formed by
line segments.
Q R S T
Activity 22
8. Check students’ work.
Y Z V
X
Activity 23
I Check students’ work.
W A
9.
D
F 10. Activity 24
N O Sample answers:
K
1. 2.
A
M LP Q
11. 12. 3. 4.
K F
S Q
Y
D E
T V
38 Answers Pre-Algebra Hands-On Activities
Name Class Date
Answers (continued)
Activity 25 Activity 32
1. A: 448 sq units; B: 120 sq units: C: 150 sq units; D: 120 sq 1d. Each group should have removed approximately 13 of the
units 2. A: 120 cu units; B: 72 cu units: C: 125 cu units; number of cubes. 4. They should have approximately the
D: 90 cu units 3. None have the same surface area and same shape: no 5. It should have approximately the same
volume. shape. 6. Since the beginning number of cubes was 60 and
was decreased by approximately one third each time, this
experiment could be used to model the equation given.
Activity 26
2c. errors in measurements; errors in rounding; errors in
calculations 5a. the distance around an object; add up all the Activity 33
side lengths 5b. the size of the surface of the object 5. Sample answer: The third prediction because as you draw
5c. Area; the carpet covers the surface of the floor. more beads you get closer to the actual total population.
6c. Sample answer: A larger sample is closer to the actual
value, but it takes longer to count the beads.
Activity 27
5. Sample answer: The measurements are not precise.
Activity 34
6.
Activity 28
7a. The height decreases and the radius increases. Outcome 1 2 3 4 5 6
7b. A change in the radius of the cylinder. The radius is Tally 20 20 20 20 20 20
squared before it is multiplied, increasing the value of its 2 2 2 2 2 2
Percent 163 % 163 % 163 % 163 % 163 % 163 %
change. 8a. Answers will vary depending on measurements;
about 63.2 in.3 8b. Answers will vary depending on
measurements; about 81.8 in.3 8c. The short cylinder has
the greater volume. Activity 35
1. x 0 2. y 2 3. p 16 4. b 3
Activity 29
2. between 10 A.M. and 2 P.M. Activity 36
3. Check students’ graphs. Check students’ work.
Activity 30
© Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Check students’ work.
Activity 31
2. Number of Letters Number of Ways to
Arrange the Letters
1 1
2 2
3 6
4 24
5 120
6 720
5b. 1, 2 1, 3 2 1, 4 3 2 1, . . .
n(n - 1)(n - 2) . . . 1 (n terms)
Pre-Algebra Hands-On Activities Answers 39
Answers
Screening Test c. 190 28. 64(1.02) 5 64(1) 1 64(0.02)
5 64 1 1.28 5 $65.28 29. Sample answer is shown.
1. B 2. C 3. D 4. D 5. C 6. B 7. B 8. B 9. A 10. A
Tricia spent $1.02 more than Carlos. If she spent
11. C 12. D 13. B 14. B 15. C 16. B 17. C 18. D
19. B 20. C 21. D 22. C 23. B 24. D 25. C 26. D $13.48, how much did Carlos spend?
27. B 28. C 29. D 30. C 31. D 32. C 33. D 34. A
35. D 36. A Quarter 1 Test, Chapters 1–3 Form B
1. B 2. F 3. C 4. H 5. D 6. G 7. A
Benchmark Test 1 8. G 9. A 10. J 11. B 12. H 13. A
1. B 2. H 3. B 4. J 5. C 6. G 7. B 8. J 9. B 10. J 14. J 15. B 16. 4 17. x . 12 18. n $ 214
11. B 12. H 13. D 14. H 15. B 16. H 17. B 18. H 19. y 5 22.2 20. k 5 26 21. 75.25 22. 76.5
19. D 20. H 21. B 22. F 23. C 24. G 25. C 26. G 23. 76.5 24. 70.25 25. 21,500 26. 25, 210;
27. A 28. G 29. A 30. J 31. B 32. F 33. D 34. G Start with 15 and subtract 5 repeatedly.
35. A 36. G 27.a. 1 dime and 3 nickels b. 2 dimes, 3 nickels, and
5 pennies c. Sample answer is shown.
All rights reserved.
1 quarter, 4 dimes, 1 nickel, and 5 pennies
Benchmark Test 2 28. 26(0.98) 5 26(1 2 0.02) 5 26 2 0.52 5 $25.48
1. A 2. G 3. C 4. J 5. B 6. G 7. A 8. J 9. A 29. Sample answer is shown. Manuel bought some
10. H 11. C 12. G 13. B 14. H 15. B 16. G 17. A notebooks that cost $4.80 each. He spent $33.60
18. G 19. D 20. H 21. D 22. G 23. C 24. F 25. C before tax. How many notebooks did he buy?
26. H 27. C 28. J 29. C 30. H 31. C 32. F 33. B
34. J 35. C 36. G
Quarter 2 Test, Chapters 4–6 Form A
Benchmark Test 3 1. C 2. G 3. C 4. G 5. C 6. H 7. A
8. F 9. D 10. J 11. B 12. 48 13. xy4
1. B 2. G 3. B 4. H 5. A 6. G 7. C 8. F 9. B
10. G 11. B 12. J 13. C 14. H 15. A 16. F 17. A 14. 5n
2 15. 8.37 3 1029 16. 2 and 3
18. F 19. B 20. G 21. D 22. J 23. C 24. G 25. B 17. 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 10, 20, 40 18. 51 19. 11
2
20. 212
26. G 27. D 28. H 29. B 30. H 31. B 32. J 33. C 21. 750 km/h 22. k 5 20 23. 12.5% 24. 4.8
34. F 35. D 36. H
25. 1 in. 26. $4.35 27. 208 seats 28. Sample
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
answer is shown. (x3) 2 5 x3 ? x3 5 x313 5 x6
Benchmark Test 4
1. A 2. G 3. A 4. G 5. D 6. G 7. D 8. G 9. A Quarter 2 Test, Chapters 4–6 Form B
10. H 11. C 12. J 13. D 14. H 15. D 16. H 17. C
18. J 19. A 20. H 21. B 22. J 23. C 24. H 25. C 1. C 2. G 3. D 4. H 5. A 6. G 7. B
26. J 27. B 28. F 29. B 30. J 31. A 32. F 33. A 8. H 9. C 10. F 11. D 12. 29 13. a8b3
34. G 35. A 36. G 14. 4x 15. 7.38 3 10210 16. 2, 5, and 10
7
6
17. 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 18. 2123 19. 11 20. 1.5
Benchmark Test 5 21. 32 mi/gal 22. k 5 25 23. 210%
1. A 2. G 3. C 4. J 5. C 6. H 7. A 8. G 9. D 24. 10.5 25. 240 min 26. $2.08 27. 7.5 mi
10. H 11. D 12. H 13. A 14. H 15. A 16. G 17. B 28. Sample answer is shown. x3 ? x2
18. F 19. C 20. H 21. B 22. J 23. B 24. J 25. B 5 (x ? x ? x) ? (x ? x) 5 (x ? x ? x ? x ? x) 5 x5
26. G 27. C 28. F 29. B 30. J 31. C 32. G 33. B
34. J 35. A 36. H 37. C 38. G 39. C
Quarter 3 Test, Chapters 7–9 Form A
Quarter 1 Test, Chapters 1–3 Form A 1. A 2. G 3. A 4. H 5. B 6. H 7. A 8. J
9. D 10. G 11. D 12. F 13. C
1. A 2. G 3. C 4. G 5. B 6. J 7. A 8. F
9. C 10. H 11. D 12. H 13. A
14. J 15. C 16. 5 17. x # 15 18. x # 211
19. y 5 24 20. n 5 70.56 21. 53.46 22. 52.2
23. 52.2 24. 58.4 25. 28 26. 0, 23; Start with
12 and subtract 3 repeatedly. 27.a. 6 b. 66
Pre-Algebra Answers 201
Answers
14. y 14. y
4 4
2 2
x x
4 2 O 2 4 4 2 O 2 4
2 2
4 4
15. y 15. y
4 4
2 2
All rights reserved.
x x
4 2 O 2 4 4 2 O 2 4
2 2
4 4
16. Hours Spent Weekly 16. Hours Spent Weekly
10 10
Hours watching TV
8 8
Hours playing
video games
6 6
4 4
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
2 2
2 4 0 6 8 10 0 2 4 6 8 10
Hours doing homework Hours doing homework
17. negative correlation 18. Sample answer : 3 hours
17. negative correlation 18. Sample answer : 7 hours
19. Sample answer : y 5 2x 1 11 9
20. D9(24, 2), K9(21, 1) 19. Sample answer : y 5 210 x 1 10
21. D9(21, 2), K9(2, 3) 22. D9(2, 21), K9(3, 2) 20. D9(23, 22), K9(21, 1)
23. Yes; for each point, there is only one image. 21. D9(22, 21), K9(24, 2) 22. D9(1, 2), K9(22, 4)
23. Yes; for each point, there is only one image.
Quarter 3 Test, Chapters 7–9 Form B
1. A 2. J 3. A 4. G 5. D 6. H 7. D 8. H Quarter 4 Test, Chapters 10–13 Form A
9. B 10. F 11. C 12. G 13. D 1. A 2. G 3. D 4. H 5. D 6. H 7. B
8. F 9. C 10. H 11. D 12. triangular prism
13. 405.6 ft2 14. 432 ft3 15. 5.9 cm
202 Answers Pre-Algebra
Answers
16. y 19. 76.5 20. 21,500 21. 25, 210; Start with 15 and
subtract 5 repeatedly. 22.a. 1 dime and 3 nickels b.
4 2 dimes, 3 nickels, and 5 pennies
2
Quarter 2 Test, Chapters 4–6 Form D
x
4 2 O 2 4 1. C 2. G 3. C 4. H 5. C 6. F 7. A 8. J
9. D 10. 48 11. 5n 2 12. 8.37 3 10
29 13. 2 and 3
2 1 1
14. 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 10, 20, 40 15. 5 16. 22 17. 750 km/h
18. k 5 20 19. 4.8 20. 1 in. 21. $4.35
17. 2x2 1 3xy 1 2y2 18. x2 2 11x 1 28 22. Sample answer is shown.
19. 24, 27, 210; arithmetic; Start with 5 and add 23 (x3) 2 5 x3 ? x3 5 x313 5 x6
repeatedly. 20. Sample answer is shown. The graph
All rights reserved.
gives the impression that sales increased rapidly in
Quarter 2 Test, Chapters 4–6 Form E
2001 by using a broken vertical scale of 0.1 million.
1. C 2. G 3. D 4. F 5. B 6. G 7. C 8. F
9. 29 10. a8b3 11. 4x 12. 7.38 3 10210 13. 2,
Quarter 4 Test, Chapters 10–13 Form B 7
5, and 10 14. 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 15. 2123 16. 1.5
1. D 2. G 3. B 4. F 5. C 6. J 7. D 17. 32 mi/gal 18. k 5 25 19. 210% 20. 10.5
8. H 9. B 10. F 11. D 12. square pyramid 21. 240 min 22. $2.08 23. Sample answer is
13. 800 in.2 14. 1,280 in.3 15. 11.8 m shown. x3 ? x2 5 (x ? x ? x) ? (x ? x)
16. y 5 (x ? x ? x ? x ? x) 5 x5
4
Quarter 3 Test, Chapters 7–9 Form D
2 1. A 2. G 3. A 4. H 5. A 6. J 7. D 8. G
x 9. D 10. F 11. C
4 2 12.
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
O 2 4 y
4
2
2
17. 3xy 1 y2 18. x2 2 7x 2 30 19. 2, 32, 29; geo- x
metric; Start with 54 and multiply by 13 repeatedly. 4 2 O 2 4
20. Sample answer is shown. The graph gives the 2
impression sales have been decreasing less rapidly
4
than they actually have been by using a vertical range
of 2 million. 13. y
4
Quarter 1 Test, Chapters 1–3 Form D
2
1. A 2. G 3. B 4. G 5. D 6. F 7. A 8. H
9. D 10. H 11. A 12. J 13. 5 14. x # 15 x
15. x # 211 16. y 5 24 17. 53.46 18. 52.2 4 2 O 2 4
19. 52.2 20. 28 21. 0, 23; Start with 12 and 2
subtract 3 repeatedly. 22.a. 6 b. 66
4
Quarter 1 Test, Chapters 1–3 Form E
1. B 2. F 3. C 4. J 5. B 6. F 7. A 8. J
9. B 10. H 11. A 12. J 13. 4 14. x . 12
15. n $ 214 16. y 5 22.2 17. 75.25 18. 76.5
Pre-Algebra Answers 203
Answers
14. Hours Spent Weekly 14. Hours Spent Weekly
10 10
Hours watching TV
8 8
Hours playing
video games
6 6
4 4
2 2
2 4 6 0 8 10 0 2 4 6 8 10
Hours doing homework Hours doing homework
15. negative correlation 16. Sample answer : 3 hours
All rights reserved.
15. negative correlation 16. Sample answer : 7 hours
17. D9(24, 2), K9(21, 1) 17. D9(23, 22), K9(21, 1)
18. D9(21, 2), K9(2, 3) 19. D9(2, 21), K9(3, 2)
18. D9(22, 21), K9(24, 2) 19. D9(1, 2), K9(22, 4)
Quarter 3 Test, Chapters 7–9 Form E Quarter 4 Test, Chapters 10–13 Form D
1. A 2. J 3. A 4. G 5. D 6. H 7. B 8. F
1. A 2. G 3. D 4. J 5. C 6. G 7. A 8. H
9. C 10. G 11. D 9. C 10. triangular prism 11. 405.6 ft2 12. 432 ft3
12. y 13. 5.9 cm
4
14. y
2
4
x
4 2 O 2 4 2
2 x
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
4 2 O 2 4
4
2
13. y
4
15. 2x2 1 3xy 1 2y2 16. x2 2 11x 1 28
2 17. 24, 27, 210; arithmetic; Start with 5 and add 23
repeatedly. 18. Sample answer is shown. The graph
x gives the impression that sales increased rapidly in
4 2 O 2 4 2001 by using a broken vertical scale of 0.1 million.
2
4 Quarter 4 Test, Chapters 10–13 Form E
1. D 2. G 3. B 4. J 5. D 6. H 7. B 8. F
9. D 10. 800 in.2 11. 1,280 in.3 12. 11.8 m
204 Answers Pre-Algebra
Answers
13. y 25–26. y
4
B
4
2
2 x
x 4 2 O 2 4
4 2 O 2 4 2 A
2
4
14. 3xy 1 y2 15. x2 2 7x 2 30 16. 2, 32, 29; 27.
geometric; Start with 54 and multiply by 13 repeatedly. 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4
x . 23 5
17. Sample answer is shown. The graph gives the 28. 32? 5 ? 7; 3 ? 52
? 7; 3 ? 5 ? 7 5 105
All rights reserved.
impression sales have been decreasing less rapidly 29. 32 ? 52 ? 7 5 1,575 30. 212 31. 3a 5 32. 58
than they actually have been by using a vertical range 9
33. 11 34. 16 ft/s 35. n 5 140 36. 6.25%; increase
of 2 million. 5
37. 1.05 5 9r ; $1.89 38. $20.80 39. 24 orders
40. Sample answer is shown. How many 21-pizza servings
Mid-Course Test, Form A are in 312 small pizzas?
1. B 2. F 3. C 4. F 5. B 6. H 7. B 8. G
9. C 10. H 11. A 12. J 13. A 14. H 15. D Mid-Course Test, Form D
16. J 17. B 18. F 19. A 20. H 21. D 22. G
1. B 2. F 3. C 4. F 5. B 6. G 7. B 8. H
23. D 24. 112
9. C 10. J 11. A 12. H 13. D 14. G 15. A
25–26. y 16. F 17. C 18. J 19. D 20. 112
4
A 21–22. y
4
2 A
x 2
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
4 2 O 2 4 x
2 4 2 O 2 4
2
4
B
4
27. x # 23 B
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 23. x # 23
28. 23?3? 7; 22
? ? 32 7; 22
? 3 ? 7 5 84 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
29. 2 ? 3 ? 7 5 504 30. 1912 31. a3 32. 41
3 2
24. 23 ? 3 ? 7; 22 ? 32 ? 7; 22 ? 3 ? 7 5 84
8
33. 11 34. 32 ft/s 35. n 5 120 36. 4%; increase 25. 23 ? 32 ? 7 5 504 26. 1912 27. a3 28. 14
3
37. 0.99 5 k8 ; $2.64 38. $31.50 39. 24 lunches 29. 32 ft/s 30. n 5 120 31. 0.99 3
5 k8 ; $2.64
40. Sample answer is shown. A granola bar cost $.55. 32. $31.50
How many can you buy with $3.30?
Mid-Course Test, Form E
Mid-Course Test, Form B 1. B 2. F 3. A 4. J 5. C 6. H 7. B 8. F
1. B 2. F 3. A 4. J 5. A 6. H 7. C 8. F 9. B 10. H 11. D 12. G 13. C 14. G 15. C
9. B 10. F 11. D 12. G 13. C 14. J 15. D 16. J 17. B 18. J 19. 47
16. G 17. C 18. G 19. C 20. J 21. B 22. J
23. A 24. 47
Pre-Algebra Answers 205
Answers
20–21. y 45. y
4 4
B
2 2
x x
4 2 O 2 4 4 2 O 2 4
2 A 2
4 4
22. 46. It was 68 below zero. 47. $31.20
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
x . 23 x
48. 114 1
5 1.5 ; 76; 81 ft 49. 120 orders
23. 32 ? 5 ? 7; 3 ? 52 ? 7; 3 ? 5 ? 7 5 105 50. Sample answer is shown. Miranda earns $200 a
All rights reserved.
24. 32 ? 52 ? 7 5 1,575 25. 212 26. 3a 5 27. 58 week plus 15% of her sales. One week she earned
5 9 $650. How much did she sell that week?
28. 16 ft/s 29. n 5 140 30. 1.05 5 r ; $1.89
31. $20.80 32. 24 orders
Final Test, Form B
Final Test, Form A 1. A 2. G 3. C 4. H 5. B 6. G 7. A
1. B 2. G 3. D 4. G 5. C 6. H 7. B 8. G 9. B 10. F 11. D 12. H 13. D
8. H 9. B 10. G 11. D 12. H 13. A 14. J 14. F 15. D 16. G 17. C 18. J 19. A
15. A 16. H 17. D 18. F 19. B 20. F 20. J 21. A 22. H 23. 13 24. 5x 1 11
21. C 22. J 23. 7 24. 3x 1 22 25. a5b7 26. 3m
4n 27. 2x 1 7
2n
25. a10b6 26. 3m 27. 23x 1 5 2
28. 3y 2 7y 1 2 29. 20.9 30. 16 31. 28 32.
2
28. 2y 2 9y 1 10 29. 21.9 30. 12 31. 22 75% 33. 75% 34. 75% 35. 5%
32. 2.92 in. 33. 2.85 in. 34. 2.80 in. 35. 0.30 in. 36. ✗ 37. 6, 5.5, 5;
36. 37. 12, 214, 18; ✗ arithmetic; Start with
✗ ✗ ✗ 8 and add 20.5
✗ ✗
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
geometric; Start with 8 ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗
✗ ✗ ✗ repeatedly.
and multiply by 212 38. 1358; 818; 548; 908
73 74 75 76 77 78
2.8 2.9 3.0 3.1 repeatedly.
38. 1268; 728; 998; 638 39. M9(2, 3), N9(4, 21) 39. M9(22, 1), N9(2, 3) 40. M9(2, 1), N9(22, 3)
40. M9(2, 23), N9(4, 1) 41. 314 in.3 41. 301.44 ft3 42. 12.7 cm 43. 6.7 m
42. 11.3 cm 43. 5.9 m 44. y
44. y 4
4
2
2
x
x 4 2 O 2 4
4 2 O 2 4
2
2
4
4
206 Answers Pre-Algebra
Answers
45. y 37. 301.44 ft3 38. 12.7 cm
4 39. y
4
2
x 2
4 2 O 2 4 x
2 4 2 O 2 4
2
4
4
46. Marcus owes $17. 47. $27.20
48. x9 5 x 15
1 8
; 12 m 49. 720 orders 40. Marcus owes $17. 41. $27.20
50. Sample answer is shown. Maurice got a total of 42. x9 5 x 15
1 8
; 12 m 43. 720 orders
269 points on the first 3 tests. What does he need on
All rights reserved.
the fourth test to bring his average up to 90?
Final Test, Form D
1. B 2. G 3. D 4. G 5. C 6. H 7. B 8. H
9. B 10. G 11. D 12. H 13. A 14. J 15. A
16. J 17. A 18. G 19. A 20. F 21. D 22. 7
2n
23. 3x 1 22 24. a10b6 25. 3m 26. 23x 1 5
27. 21.9 28. 12 29. 22 30. 2.92 in. 31. 2.85 in.
32. 2.80 in. 33. 0.30 in. 34. 12, 214, 18; geometric; Start
with 8 and multiply by 212 repeatedly. 35. 1268; 728;
998; 638 36. M9(2, 3), N9(4, 21) 37. M9(2, 23),
N9(4, 1) 38. 314 in.3 39. 11.3 cm
40.
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
y
4
2
x
4 2 O 2 4
2
4
41. It was 68 below zero. 42. $31.20
43. 120 orders
Final Test, Form E
1. A 2. G 3. C 4. H 5. B 6. G 7. A
8. G 9. B 10. F 11. D 12. H 13. D 14. F
15. D 16. G 17. C 18. J 19. A 20. H
21. 13 22. 5x 1 11 23. a5b7 24. 3m 4n 25.
2x 1 7 26. 20.9 27. 16 28. 28 29. 75%
30. 75% 31. 75% 32. 5% 33. 6, 5.5, 5; arith-
metic; Start with 8 and add 20.5 repeatedly.
34. 1358; 818; 548; 908
35. M9(22, 1), N9(2, 3) 36. M9(2, 1), N9(22, 3)
Pre-Algebra Answers 207
Answers
Test Taking Strategies Using Estimation
1. D 2. G 3. B 4. J 5. A
Writing Gridded Responses 6. G 7. C 8. G 9. C 10. F
1.
1 . 3 4 0 1 . 3 4 1 . 3 4 Eliminating Answers
1. Since 114 is less than the original amount, you can
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
immediately eliminate choice A. 4 3 12, so you can
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 eliminate choice B since it would not take into account
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
the extra 41 cup. 17 is too large since 4 times 4 is only 16
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 and 314 is less than 4. So, you can rule out choice D. The
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
answer is C.
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 2. Since each side will be half as long, you can eliminate
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 choice J since the numbers are almost twice the original
All rights reserved.
2. 2.300, 2.30 or 2.3 3. 9.32 4. 7.05 numbers. Since 4 is less than half of 9, you can eliminate
5. 40.0 or 40 6. 5.5 7. 30.0 or 30 8. 5.46 choice H. The correct answer must be either choice F or G.
9. 2.42 10. 1.8 11. 12.75 or 51/4. It is F.
12. 464 13. 2.4 14. 4 3. Eliminate choice A; 54 is nearly equal to 1, 50 is too small.
Eliminate choice D; 45 is a fraction
Writing Short Responses less than one, and the
answer cannot be larger than the original number. The
1a. The variable is not defined and there is no equation.
answer is C.
1b. There is an error in the calculation.
1c. Sample answers: 79.82 - 74.95 t or 79.82 - t 74.95
1d. Sample answers: no response; $4.87 (no work shown) Finding Multiple Correct Answers
2. There are errors in the calculations; the correct answer is 1. D; Since -14 is an integer, it is also a rational number.
g $1.05. —
7 cannot be written as an integer or as a fraction. 0.3
3 —
can be written as 10 , so it is a rational number. 49 is 7,
Writing Extended Responses which is an integer, so it is a rational number. Choices I,
III, and IV are all rational numbers, so the answer is D.
1. It shows all work and answers to both parts of the
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
problem. The response includes an explanation of why 2. G.; Substitute each x and y value into the equation.
this is the complete answer. I. -5 = 2(0) - 5; -5 = 0 - 5 is true.
2. 1 quarter 3 nickels equals 40¢, not 45¢. II. 3 = 2(4) - 5; 3 = 8 - 5 is true.
3. Sample answer: 1 quarter and 2 dimes, 1 quarter and III. 1 = 2(2) - 5; 1 = 4 - 5 is not true since 4 - 5
4 nickels, 3 dimes and 3 nickels; all these add up to 45¢. is -1.
Only I and II result in a true statement. So, the answer is G.
Reading-Comprehension Questions 3. C; y is a prime number, an odd number, it is not
1. 310 feet 2. 26 rides divisible by 3. Only I and III are true statements, so the
3. 1,584 passengers 4. 1.25 miles answer is C.
5. 4,180 pounds 6. less than 950 kg 4. J; Choices I, III, and IV all lie between 3 and 5, so the
7. 1.9 km or 1.2 miles answer is J.
Answering the Question Asked Drawing a Diagram
1a. C; The question asks for the percent spent on food and 1. 14 yd
housing. Add the two percents for these categories. The 2. parallelogram RSTU (6, 1), parallelogram
total is 16% 32% 48%. RSUT (4, 1), and parallelogram RUST (10, 7)
1b. F 1c. D 3. 1 4. (7, 3) or (5, 4) 5. yes
2a. J; The question asks for the number of boys who chose a 6. 608,000 yd2 7. 120°
sport other than football. Add the number of boys who 8. 53 cm, w 11 cm
chose all the other sports. 21 34 16 14 85 boys.
2b. B
208 Answers Pre-Algebra
Answers
Choosing “Cannot Be Determined” Using Mental Math
1. No. Sample: To find the surface area, you need to know 1. x3 2x2 2x 1 2. 4x 6
the perimeter of the base and the height. The base could 3. x7 x5 3x2 4 4. 4x 2
be 1 cm by 6 cm or 2 cm by 3 cm. There is not enough 5. x3 3x2 2
information. 6. x6 x5 x4 5x3 x2 4
2. Yes. The cube has length, width, and height of 3 ft, so the 7. 2x3 4x2 2x 3 8. 5x3 3x2 8x 3
diameter of the cylinder is 3 ft. The surface area is 9. 2x 4x 10
2 10. 3x 1
2pr 2 2pr h 2p(23)2 2p(32) 3 42.4 ft2 11. 2x9 x8 3x3 1 12. 2x4 x2 x 6
3. No. If the width is w, then the length is 2w and the 13. 3x 3x 2x x 4
5 4 3
perimeter is 6w, which is three times the length no matter 14. x3 15. x5 8x4 x3 2x2
what the actual length is. There is not enough 16. 7x3 8x2 1 17. 3x2 8x 4
information. 18. 3 19. 2x3 x2 4 20. x2 4
––
4. Yes. Area ABC 12AB (height to AB )
–– ––
(21)(5)(2 ? height to BC ) (12)(10)(height to BC )
––
All rights reserved.
(12)BC (height to BC ), so BC 10 cm.
5. No. Sample: You know the sum of the bases is 10 cm, and
the height is 3 cm. The trapezoid could have bases 2 cm
and 8 cm or 3 cm and 7 cm. There is more than one
answer.
6. No. Sample: You know the bases of both parallelograms
and the height of the figure, but you need to know the
heights of the individual parallelograms to find their
areas. There is not enough information.
Using a Variable
9 = 30; b = 70 blue marbles
1. 21 b
2. 2.5
12 = w 2.5
24; w = 5 cm; 12 = 30; = 6.25 cm
/
g
3. 35 = 8.5; g = 5.1 ft 3 = t ;t=8h
4. 195 150
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
5. 18 28
45 = / ; = 70 m
3 = r ; r = 24 fl oz of red;
6. 3 7 6 = 16 parts; 16 128
7 b
16 = 128; b = 56 fl oz of blue;
6 = y ; y = 48 fl oz of yellow
16 128
7a. 9 = 7t; t = 31.5 h
2
d ; d = 3.3 or 3 complete dresses
7b. 29 = 15
Answering True/False Questions
1. True; a positive power of a positive base is a positive.
2. True; x0 y0 1 3. False; 54 52 56
4. False; if x is a proper fraction or a negative number, then
x3 x2.
5. True; (s5 t4)3 = (s5 t4) (s5 t4) (s5 t4) = s5 s5 s5 t4 t4 t4 =
s15 t12
6. False; (x - y)2 equals x2 - y2 only if either y = 0, x = 0
and y 0, or x = y.
8
7. True; 96 98 6 92 81
9
8.False; 9.8 104 0.00098, but 6.4 103 0.0064.
9. False; P(tails) 12.
10. True; 4 63 22 23 33 25 33
11. False; P 9
Pre-Algebra Answers 209
Answers: NAEP Practice Test
1. C 49. B
2. D 50. C
3. E 51. B
4. E 52. C
5. A 53. E
6. B 54. C
7. D 55. B
8. D 56. E
9. C 57. A
10. C 58. B
11. D 59. A
12. B 60. A
13. E 61. C
All rights reserved.
14. D 62. E
15. E 63. B
16. B 64. Answers may vary. Sample:
17. C Find the pattern, (n 1 1),
18. E (n 1 2), (n 1 3), and so forth
and continue the pattern until
19. B
you arrive at the 10th term.
20. A
65. Check students’ work.
21. D
66. 15.6 ft
22. C
67. 6 feet; 29 segments
23. A
68. Red and White
24. B
69. No; her answer can
25. C be tested by substitution:
26. D x 5 24 and y 5 23. 24 < 23 but
27. E (24)2 > (23)2 since 16 > 9.
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
28. D 70. $1.69
29. D
30. C
31. B
32. E
33. C
34. C
35. D
36. D
37. E
38. D
39. E
40. C
41. B
42. A
43. A
44. E
45. D
46. C
47. C
48. B
Pre-Algebra Answers 211
Answers: SAT10 Practice Test
Problem Solving 48. J
1. C 49. C
2. H 50. G
3. C 51. D
4. J 52. H
5. D
6. G Procedures
7. D 1. C
8. J 2. F
9. B 3. A
10. J 4. K
11. C 5. C
12. F 6. F
All rights reserved.
13. D 7. B
14. H 8. H
15. A 9. C
16. F 10. H
17. B 11. E
18. H 12. F
19. D 13. B
20. H 14. F
21. A 15. B
22. J 16. H
23. B 17. A
24. G 18. G
25. C 19. B
26. F 20. F
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
27. B 21. A
28. H 22. G
29. C 23. C
30. H 24. F
31. B 25. E
32. H 26. G
33. A 27. A
34. J 28. G
35. B 29. E
36. H 30. J
37. B
38. F
39. A
40. J
41. B
42. G
43. C
44. J
45. D
46. G
47. B
212 Answers Pre-Algebra
Answers: ITBS Practice Test
1. B
2. F
3. B
4. H
5. D
6. G
7. A
8. G
9. C
10. F
11. B
12. F
13. C
All rights reserved.
14. J
15. B
16. J
17. C
18. F
19. B
20. H
21. A
22. H
23. A
24. F
25. A
26. H
27. B
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
28. G
29. D
30. J
31. C
32. G
33. D
34. H
35. A
36. J
37. C
38. H
39. B
40. J
Pre-Algebra Answers 213
Answers: TerraNova Practice Test
Part 1 46. J
1. A 47. A
2. K 48. J
3. C 49. B
4. J 50. G
5. C 51. B
6. G 52. F
7. C 53. A
8. G 54. F
9. C 55. C
10. H 56. G
11. B
12. H Part 3
All rights reserved.
1. A
Part 2 2. H
13. C 3. D
14. J 4. H
15. B 5. E
16. G 6. F
17. C 7. C
18. D 8. G
19. B 9. B
20. G 10. G
21. B 11. D
22. H 12. H
23. B 13. B
24. G 14. J
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
25. B 15. D
26. G 16. H
27. B 17. B
28. H 18. G
29. A 19. C
30. J 20. H
31. B
32. J
33. A
34. H
35. A
36. H
37. D
38. F
39. C
40. H
41. C
42. G
43. C
44. F
45. A
214 Answers Pre-Algebra
Answers
Activity 1 Exploring Order of Operations Activity 8 Converting Fractions
1a. 20; multiplication 1b. 8 + (4 3) and Decimals
2. 32 - (6 + 5) 2 3. (32 6 5) 2
1. 36% 2. 37
50 3. 85%
4. In Exercise 2, the placement of parentheses means 6 and
21 1
5 are first added and then multiplied by 2 before the 4. 100 5. 1 25 6. 147%
results are subtracted from 32. In Exercise 3, the 33 9
placement of parentheses means all the addition and 7. 50 8. 252% 9. 1,000
subtraction is done before multiplication. 6
10. 4.5% 11. 10 25 12. 1,257%
5. 10 6. 3 (2 5) 21
3
7. (3 5) 6 12 6 50 13. 400 14. 0.2% 15. 25 45
8. (3 5) (6 12) 6 24
Activity 9 Finding the LCD
Activity 2 Evaluating Algebraic 3 11 69
1. 13 2. 21 3. 80
Expressions 49 198 311
1. 34 2. 4.6 3. 48 4. 160 5. 437 6. 780
35 38
4. 0.58 5. 29.5 6. 15.04 7. 48 8. 111 9. 95
7. 25.38 8. 84.6 9. 84.6
Activity 3 Multiplying and Activity 10 Writing Mixed Numbers
Dividing Integers and Improper Fractions
1. 1,092 2. 38 3. 8,320 1. 23 2. 3 19 3. 79 4. 1 11
3 8 20
4. 52 5. 10,731 6. 64
7. 11,865 8. 126 9. 40,392 5. 245
16 6. 1 11
32 7. 263
12 8. 1 23
27
10. 129 11. 85,008 12. 602 2,353
9. 899
25 10. 8 83 11. 40 12. 28 13
3,139 81 9,405
Activity 4 Solving an Inequality by 13. 63 14. 1 82 15. 46 16. 146 72
Graphing on a Number Line
1. x 3 2. x 2 3. x 112 Activity 11 Proportions
4. x 10 5. x 23 6. 8 x 1. 15 2. 245 3. 650
4. 52 5. 2 6. 3,213
© Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Activity 5 Solve an Inequality 7. 3,712 8. 8,592 9. 1,757
1. x 1 2. x 4 3. x 2
4. x 4 5. x 7 6. 0 x Activity 12 Finding Percents Greater
than 100 or Less than 1
Activity 6 Mean, Median, and Mode 3
1. 1.3; 1 10 3
2. 0.006; 500 21
3. 4.21; 4 100 4. 61.72; 61 18
25
1. mean 17.9, median 17, no mode
2. mean 5.1, median 4.5, modes 4, 2 5. 125% 6. 231% 7. 859% 8. 1,296%
3. mean 91, median 89, mode 87
4. mean 1.2, median 1, modes 2, 0.5, 1
5. mean $10.57, median $10, modes $10, $5
Activity 13 Solving Two-Step Equations
6. mean $1.86, median $1.88, mode $2.10 with Fractions
1. 41 71 2. 4289 41
3. 2 50
Activity 7 Using Power Rules 3
4. 7 56 5. 13 469 6. 4 29
855 44
1. 1016 2. x45 3. 2250
4. y99 5. c72 6. 2140
7. g 126 8. 191384 9. 227441
10. w 252 11. 21176 12. b162
Technology Activities Answers 43
Answers (continued)
Activity 14 Graphing Linear Functions Activity 21 Lines of Symmetry
1. (0, 4) 1. X (6, 1), Y (1, 4) and Z (2, 3)
2. K (2, 4), L (1, 2) M (4, 2) N (8, 1)
Activity 22 Areas of Triangles
1. Answers will vary. Sample: The triangle is 1cm2 and the
parallelogram is 2cm2.
2. 2. The area of the triangle is half the area of the
(0, 2)
parallelogram that has the same base and height, and the
formula for the area of a triangle, A bh, is half the value
of the formula for the area of a parallelogram, A bh.
3. No. Even though this changes the shape of the triangle,
the base and height remain the same, so the area does
3. not change.
Activity 23 Relating Solids and
(0, 2)
their Nets
1. 336 cm2 2. 264 cm2 3. 254 in.2
Activity 15 Drawing a Scatter Plot Activity 24 Calculating Surface Area
There is no trend in the data. 1. 7,600 ft2 2. 144.84 in.2
Activity 16 Exploring Parallel Lines Activity 25 Finding Surface Areas of
1. AB is not parallel to CD Cylinders
2. QR 6 ST 1. about 263 in.2
2. about 737 cm2
Activity 17 Classifying Triangles 3. about 79,083 mm2
1–4. Triangular shapes are based on approximate
measurements. Activity 26 Finding Volumes of Prisms
© Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
1. obtuse, isosceles and Cylinders
2. right, scalene
1a. 576 ft3 1b. 3 weeks
3. obtuse, scalene
2a. 282.7 m3 2b. 169.7 m3
4. acute, equilateral
Activity 18 Exploring Congruent Activity 27 Comparing Volumes of
Triangles Cones and Cylinders
VCyl (3.393 in. ) is three times Vcone (1.131 in.3)
3
1. They are not congruent.
2. They are congruent.
Activity 28 Finding Square Roots
Activity 19 Perpendicular Bisectors and Irrational Numbers
1. Answers will vary. Sample: Both are 5.97 cm. 1. 9.8 2. 10.5 3. 11.4 4. 12.7 5. 14.2
2. 90° 6. 16.0 7. 17.7 8. 22.3 9. 25.1 10. 31.6
3. Answers will vary. Sample: the measurements show that
it bisects AB and that it is perpendicular. Activity 29 Pythagorean Theorem
1. Answers will vary. CB < 14
Activity 20 Drawing Transformations 2. Answers will vary. AB < 5
1. A (2, 0), B (3, 2), and C (4, 0)
2. R (2, 2), S (3, 2), and T (2, 2)
3. E (0, 2), F (1, 2), and G (2, 4)
44 Answers Technology Activities
Answers (continued)
Activity 30 Find Scale Factors for Activity 36 Graphing Nonlinear
Similar Polygons Functions
1. 64 = b9 ; b = 6 2. 46 = 5c; c = 3 13 1.
minimum:
3. 46 = d3 ; d = 2 4. 46 = 10 2
e ; e = 63
(0, 1)
5. 64 = f7 ; f = 4 23
Activity 31 Trigonometric Functions 2. maximum:
1. 56.7 m 2. 41.4 cm
(0, 4)
Activity 32 Circle Graphs
Jen: 29% Lisa: 19% Maria: 52%
Activity 33 Making Box-and-Whisker 3.
Plots
1. least value 10, lower quartile 15, median 22, upper
quartile 31.5, greatest value 36 minimum:
2. least value 41, lower quartile 55, median 75.5, (0, 3)
upper quartile 82.5, greatest value 86
3. least value 761, lower quartile 767.5, median 776,
upper quartile 790, greatest value 797
4. least value 2, lower quartile 13, median 43, upper
quartile 61, greatest value 101
Activity 34 Finding Permutations and
Combinations
1. 60 2. 2,520
3. 5,040 4. 3,991,680
5. 360,360 6. 10
© Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
7. 21 8. 210
9. 792 10. 3,003
11. 20,160 12. 13
13. 1,663,200 14. 362,880
15. 980,179,200 16. 28
17. 13 18. 330
19. 1 20. 24,310
Activity 35 Random Numbers
Answers will vary, but the experimental probability should be
close to the theoretical probability of 16.
Technology Activities Answers 45
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