Frequently asked questions:

1. How Can a Hybrid Network Topology Provide More Benefits than a Single
Topology?
Answer: Hybrid network topology provides more benefits than a single topology
because hybrid network topology combines the features of the basic topologies
like mesh topology, bus topology, star topology etc.
Hybrid Topology
The network topology that integrates the features of the fundamental topologies
is known as hybrid topology. The hybrid network topology provides more benefit
than single topology as it is a collection of different topologies with different
features.
1. It optimizes the network and minimizes the implementation cost of the
network.
2. The hybrid network topology is more flexible and secure as compared to
the other basic topologies like bus, star and mesh.
3. The hybrid network topology controls the large amount of traffic congestion
and are used in large networks.
4. In hybrid topology the addition of new nodes and error correction and
detection can be done very easily.
5. It enhances the speed of the network as it is combination of two or more
topologies.
Conclusion
From the above discussion we can conclude that a hybrid network topology
provides more benefits like flexibility, reliability and is used in large networks. It
also increases the speed of the network as it is a collection of more than one
topology. In this way hybrid topology provides more benefits than a single
network topology.
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2. Difference between Tree Topology and Bus Topology
1. Tree Topology:
Tree topology is a type of network topology in which the nodes are arranged in
the design of a tree. In tree topology, branching cable starts from the node at the
head top known as the root node. The branching cable having no loops connect
the root with all other nodes in hierarchical manner for communication. Tree
topology is more expensive as it is densely wired.
2. Bus Topology:
Bus topology is a type of network topology in which each included node is
connected to a single main cable which acts as the backbone of the network. In
bus topology, the communication between nodes are done through the main
network cable. Bus topology is very less expensive as one continuous cable is
used.
The difference between Tree Topology and Bus Topology are as follows:

S.
No. Tree Topology Bus Topology

In a bus topology, each included node

In tree topology, the nodes are
1. is connected to a single cable which is
organized in the form of a tree.
known as the backbone.

Tree topology provides high While security is very low in bus

2.
security. topology.

Tree topology is largely

Bus topology is the simplest one in
3. complex to understand as
terms of complexity.
compared to bus topology.
S.
No. Tree Topology Bus Topology

Tree topology is also referred to Bus topology is also known as line

4.
as hierarchical topology. topology.

Tree topology is expensive as it Bus topology is very less expensive as

5.
is densely wired. one continuous cable is used.

Bus topology is generally suited for

6. Tree topology is used for WAN.
LAN as the installation is easy.

Bus topology is slower compared to

Tree topology is not as slow as
7. the tree topology because of
a bus topology.
transmission by one node at a time.

It is a topology that employs It is a topology that works with

8.
huge cabling. limited-length cabling.

Fault identification is easy in a Fault identification is difficult in a bus

9.
tree topology. topology.

The requirement of terminators at

10. There is no such requirement. both ends in a bus topology in order to
prevent signal bouncing.

3. Difference between Ring Topology and Bus Topology in Computer Networks

•
1. Ring Topology: In Ring topology, there is a circular data path. Each of the
devices is connected to two other devices in the network. Data is transmitted
from sender to receiver by passing it from one device to another until the receiver
device is reached. If any of the connection is broken then the whole network
crashes because they are connected sequentially. This topology is used for the
connection of LAN or WAN.
Prerequisite - Types of Network Topology

2. Bus Topology: Bus topology is a type of network topology in which all the
devices are connected to a single cable which is called the backbone of the
network. It consists of a terminator at each end of the cable. The network cable is
responsible for the communication between the devices and when the data
reaches the end of the cable it is removed by the terminator from the data line. It
is the easiest network topology when the devices are to be connected linearly.
Differences between Ring Topology and Bus Topology are as follows:

Ring Topology Bus Topology

In a Ring topology, each device is Bus topology is a topology where each

connected to two other devices in a device is connected to a single cable
circular fashion. which is known as the backbone.

In Ring topology data is sent through

In Bus topology data is sent directly
the devices from sender to receiver
from sender to receiver device..
device.

Ring topology has a lower

The implementation cost of Bus
implementation cost than a bus
topology is higher than Ring topology
topology.

Ring topology is less reliable as

Bus topology is more reliable than Ring
failure of one device affects whole
topology
network.

Tracking fault is easy in Ring It is difficult to find fault in Bus

topology than in Bus topology. topology.
Ring Topology Bus Topology

Addition of new device is difficult in In a Bus topology, the new device is

Ring topology than Bus topology. added very easily.

The access speed is less than Bus

Access speed is fast in comparison of
topology because of sequential
Ring topology
access.

Ring topology do not contains any Bus topology has terminators at both
terminators. ends.

There are more chances of data

There are less chances of data
collisions in bus topology when heavy
collision in ring topology.
traffic is there in the network.

The failure of a single node leads to The failure of a single node does not
the breakdown of the entire lead to the breakdown of the entire
network. network.

It is less secure because of the visibility

It is more secure as compared to bus
of data transmission to any node
topology.
connected in a network.

Tokens are the means for

Tokens are not required for transmitting
transmitting information from one
information in a bus topology.
node to another node in a network.
4. Difference between Ring Topology and Bus Topology in Computer Networks

1. Ring Topology: In Ring topology, there is a circular data path. Each of the
devices is connected to two other devices in the network. Data is transmitted
from sender to receiver by passing it from one device to another until the receiver
device is reached. If any of the connection is broken then the whole network
crashes because they are connected sequentially. This topology is used for the
connection of LAN or WAN.
Prerequisite - Types of Network Topology

2. Bus Topology: Bus topology is a type of network topology in which all the
devices are connected to a single cable which is called the backbone of the
network. It consists of a terminator at each end of the cable. The network cable is
responsible for the communication between the devices and when the data
reaches the end of the cable it is removed by the terminator from the data line. It
is the easiest network topology when the devices are to be connected linearly.
Differences between Ring Topology and Bus Topology are as follows:

Ring Topology Bus Topology

In a Ring topology, each device is Bus topology is a topology where each

connected to two other devices in a device is connected to a single cable
circular fashion. which is known as the backbone.

In Ring topology data is sent through

In Bus topology data is sent directly
the devices from sender to receiver
from sender to receiver device..
device.

Ring topology has a lower

The implementation cost of Bus
implementation cost than a bus
topology is higher than Ring topology
topology.

Ring topology is less reliable as

Bus topology is more reliable than Ring
failure of one device affects whole
topology
network.

Tracking fault is easy in Ring It is difficult to find fault in Bus

topology than in Bus topology. topology.
Ring Topology Bus Topology

Addition of new device is difficult in In a Bus topology, the new device is

Ring topology than Bus topology. added very easily.

The access speed is less than Bus

Access speed is fast in comparison of
topology because of sequential
Ring topology
access.

Ring topology do not contains any Bus topology has terminators at both
terminators. ends.

There are more chances of data

There are less chances of data
collisions in bus topology when heavy
collision in ring topology.
traffic is there in the network.

The failure of a single node leads to The failure of a single node does not
the breakdown of the entire lead to the breakdown of the entire
network. network.

It is less secure because of the visibility

It is more secure as compared to bus
of data transmission to any node
topology.
connected in a network.

Tokens are the means for

Tokens are not required for transmitting
transmitting information from one
information in a bus topology.
node to another node in a network.
5. Difference between Star Topology and Tree Topology
1. Star Topology:
Star topology is a type of network topology in which all the nodes are connected
to the central hub or router. In star topology, connections are in the way that for n
nodes, n number of links are needed. Star topology is less complex due to its
simplicity. Star topology is less expensive than tree topology.

2. Tree Topology:
Tree topology is a type of network topology in which the nodes are organized in
the form of a tree. In tree topology, design starts at the head top known as the
root from which the branching cable starts. The branching cable with no loops
connects the root with all other nodes for communication. Tree topology is more
expensive as it is densely wired.
The difference between Star Topology and Tree Topology is as follows:

S.No. Star Topology Tree Topology

Star topology is a topology in

Tree topology is a topology in which the
which the nodes are
nodes are organized in the form of a
connected to the central hub
tree.
1. or router.

In star topology, the

communication between In tree topology, the communication
nodes is done through a between nodes is done through a
central node i.e., hub or branching cable having no loops.
2. router.
S.No. Star Topology Tree Topology

The complexity of Star The complexity of Tree topology is

3. topology is really simple. largely complex.

The cost of star topology is The cost of a tree topology is high as it is

4. lower than tree topology. densely wired.

Star topology is also called a Tree topology is also called hierarchical

5. star network. topology.

Star topology is used in LAN

as setup and modification are Tree topology is used in WAN.
6. easy.

Star topology is good for Tree topology is good for middle-sized

7. small businesses. businesses.

Star topology required less Tree topology requires a lot of cables

8. cable than the tree topology. than the star topology.

It is not as difficult to Difficult to maintain because of its size

9. maintain like tree topology. and complexity.

It is easy to configure It is difficult to configure compared to

10. compared to tree topology. star topology.
S.No. Star Topology Tree Topology

The scalability of a network

The scalability of a network relies on the
relies on the capacity of
capacity of central bus and cable type in
central hub in a star
a tree topology.
11. topology.

Examples-

Examples- • For defining network clusters at

each section in a multi-story
• Employed in Small
building.
Organizations
• You can separate the entire Tree
• In High speed LANs
Network by employing many
• Used in Small Switches in case the office has
networks departments and sub-
departments. In this way, the tree
• Banks and many more.
network is easy to administer and
12. maintain.

6. Difference between Mesh Topology and Bus Topology

Network topologies describe how devices connect and communicate in a network

affecting everything from speed to reliability. Mesh topology is like a web where
every device is directly linked to every other device making it super reliable and
great at handling lots of data which is perfect for critical systems like military or
infrastructure networks. However, setting up a mesh network can be complex and
pricey. On the other hand bus topology is simpler and cheaper with all devices
connected to a single central cable. This setup works well for smaller networks but
can struggle with reliability and performance, especially when dealing with heavy
traffic. Choosing the right topology depends on what you need from your network
balancing factors like cost, reliability and how much data it needs to handle.
1. Mesh Topology
Mesh topology is a type of network topology in which each computer is
connected to every other computer in the network. It is the most fault-tolerant
network topology as it has multiple connections. In a mesh topology, each
computer is connected to the other computer by a point-to-point link. If there are
n components then each component is connected to n-1 other components i.e a
mesh topology with n components will have n(n-1)/2. Mesh topology can be of
two types namely full mesh topology and partially mesh topology. Mesh topology
is one of the most robust and reliable topologies.

2. Bus Topology
Bus topology is a type of network topology in which all the devices are connected
to a single cable which is called the backbone of the network. It consists of a
terminator at each end of the cable. The network cable is responsible for the
communication between the devices and when the data reaches the end of the
cable it is removed by the terminator from the data line. It is the easiest network
topology when the devices are to be connected linearly.

Differences Between Mesh Topology and Bus Topology

Mesh Topology Bus Topology

Mesh topology is a topology where Bus topology is a topology where each

each device is connected to every device is connected to a single cable
other device in the network. which is known as the backbone.

In Mesh topology failure of one In Bus topology the failure of the network
device will not cause the break in cable will cause the whole network to fail
transfer of data. .

Bus topology can not effectively manage

Mesh topology can manage high
high amount of traffic as if there is high
amount of traffic in the network as
traffic then performance of the network
multiple devices can transmit data.
is affected.
Mesh Topology Bus Topology

Mesh topology is more costly than Bus topology is less costly as compared to
bus topology. mesh topology.

Mesh topology is more complex to

Bus topology is relatively easier to
understand as compared to bus
understand.
topology.

Mesh topology transmits data In Bus topology the data is transmitted

faster than bus topology. slower as compared to mesh topology.

Mesh topology provides more Bus topology provides less security as

security than bus topology. compared to mesh topology.

Huge cabling is required in mesh

Less cabling is required in bus topology.
topology.

The implementation of mesh The implementation of bus topology is

topology is complicated. simple.

It can manage heavy traffic so There are chances of collisions when high
fewer chances of collision. traffic is observed in a network.

Mesh topology is robust and Bus topology is less robust and reliable as
reliable. compared to mesh topology.

It is preferred to use where It is preferred for LAN networks.

reliability is more important like in
Mesh Topology Bus Topology

military organizations and many

more.

Conclusion
In conclusion, Mesh topology is highly reliable, secure and making it great for
critical networks like military or infrastructure due to its fault tolerance and ability
to handle high traffic. However, it’s complex and expensive to implement. In
contrast bus topology is simpler ,more affordable and suitable for smaller
networks with straightforward setups but it’s less reliable and secure due to its
single point of failure. Choosing between these topologies depends on the
network’s needs, balancing cost, complexity, reliability and traffic management.
Difference Between Mesh Topology and Bus Topology – FAQs
Which topology is more reliable mesh or bus?
Mesh topology is more reliable because it has multiple connections between
devices so if one connection fails the network can still function. In contrast bus
topology is less reliable because if the central cable (backbone) fails the entire
network goes down.
Why is mesh topology considered more secure than bus topology?
Mesh topology is considered more secure because data can take multiple paths
reducing the chances of data interception. In bus topology data travels along a
single cable making it easier for unauthorized users to tap into the network and
access the data.
Which topology is faster in data transmission mesh or bus?
Mesh topology is generally faster in data transmission because it allows direct
communication between devices without relying on a single central cable reducing
latency. In bus topology data transmission can be slower due to the shared central
cable and the potential for collisions.
6. Difference between Ring Topology and Tree Topology
Computer network there are some important factors which need to be
considered when choosing a topology for a network. Some of the network
topologies are: Ring Topology and Tree Topology. Knowing the differences
between the two makes it possible to decide which integrated network is
most suitable depending on size, complexity, or needs.
What is Ring Topology?
Ring topology is a type of network topology in which each device is
connected to specifically two branches connected to devices in a circle or
ring manner. Ring topology is less reliable as failure of one device can
disturb the full network. Ring topology is less expensive than tree topology.
Advantages of Ring Topology
Predictable Performance: Packages data in a particular direction and this is
good since there are reduced possibilities of data packet collision.
Simple to Install: Setting up of this program is very simple, thus making it
very flexible to use.
Easy to Troubleshoot: There is easier fault isolation since disturbances are
most of the times limited to the section of the ring that has the fault.
Disadvantages of Ring Topology
Network Disruption: These are often centralized systems and; if one
connection/link or device is sabotaged it can affect the whole network.
Scalability Issues: New devices can only be added through physically
disconnecting the network this has some impact on the performance.
Performance Degradation: When more devices are connected to the
network, the time used by data to make its circulation will take extra time
and this will slow down the network.
What is Tree Topology?
Tree topology is a type of network topology in which the devices are
organized in the form of a tree. In tree topology, a hierarchy is formed by
the branching cable having no loops that connects the root with all other
nodes for communication. Tree topology is more expensive because it is
densely wired.
Advantages of Tree Topology
Scalability: The flexibility is such that more devices may be incorporated to
the network and even if a new device is added it will not hugely interfere
with the existing network.
Easy Fault Isolation: One branch is not dependent on another branch and
this makes it possible to deal with one branch’s problems without
considering the problems in other branches.
Hierarchical Structure: The delegation of responsibilities and authority in
hierarchical structure facilitate management of resources in a network.
Disadvantages of Tree Topology
 Complex Configuration: Compared to some of the other ones topologies it
might take a bit longer and might be a bit complicated in the beginning.
Dependence on Central Nodes: This implies that should failure occur in
these central nodes then most if not all the nodes in the network are
affected.
Cost: The seventh aspect which makes it possible implementation can also
prove to be costly due to the requirement of equipment such as switches
and routers.

7. Difference between Ring Topology and Tree Topology

Tree Topology
Ring Topology

In a Ring topology, each device is In tree topology, the devices

connected to specifically two are organized in the form of a
branches connected to devices. tree.

Tree topology is more reliable

Ring topology is less reliable than as a failure of one device does
tree topology. not disturb the full network.
 Tree Topology
Ring Topology

The amount of cable needed in a The amount of cable needed

ring topology is very less than the in tree topology is high than
tree topology. the ring topology.

Ring topology is generally suited Tree topology is used in WAN.

for LAN.

While security is high in a tree

Security is low in a ring topology.
topology.

The cost of a tree topology is

The cost of ring topology is lower high in comparison to a ring
than tree topology. topology.

Applications- Applications-
The few applications are as The few applications are as
follows: follows:
Employed in SONET For having clusters at each
(Synchronous optical network) section in a multi-story
fiber networks in the building.
telecommunications sector. The segregation of
Businesses use as a fallback departments and sub
system for their primary network. departments using switches in
It also uses the bidirectional a tree network leads to ease
capability to redirect traffic in a in management and
different direction if the maintenance.
connection with a node is lost.

Conclusion
8. There are pros and cons in using Ring and Tree topologies. Ring topology
established a circular data connections pattern but has no matching flow on
network interferes and expansion. Tree topology also provides more
scalability and better fault isolation, but at the same time it might be slower
and, quite often, the most costly network topology. It therefore can be seen
that the kind of topologies that can be chosen vary with the nature and the
size of the network in question.
9. Difference between Ring Topology and Tree Topology-FAQ’s
10.What can be stated about the principle distinction between Ring and Tree
topologies?
11.The primary difference lies in their structure: Ring topology has closed path
in which the data flows in a cyclic manner, while Tree topology is in the
branching structure.
12.Can Ring topology accommodate large network efficiently?
13.The performance of a ring topology decreases as the size of the network
increases and the challenges posed in maintaining a disruption free network
increases.
14.How does it cater for the expansion of a network on Tree topology?
15.Tree topology is very scalable as it can support a large number of nodes
higher hierarchy levels can be easily accommodated into the network
system by adding more branches to the tree without much of a problem.
16.What happen if a device fails in Ring topology network?
17.In a Ring topology, the failure of a device will result into the interruption of
the whole network unless the ring is made to support bidirectional
circulation or if there are backup procedure
8. Difference between Mesh Topology and Tree Topology
Last Updated : 03 Sep, 2024
•

While using a network, the topology used is very important when designing it
for better and optimal performance, expanded capability, and dependability.
Mesh is one of the frequently used topologies along with Tree topology It has
certain advantages and drawback as well. Comparing Mesh Topology and Tree
Topology that allows network administrators to make a decision for their
organization’s network.
What is Mesh Topology?
Mesh topology is a type of network topology in which each node is connected
to every other node fully through a dedicated link in the network. In a mesh
topology, connections are in the way that for n nodes, n(n-1)/2 number of links
are needed. Mesh topology is very expensive because of the high cabling cost.
Advantages of Mesh Topology
• Reliability: Software: The breakdown of a single node does not hamper the
communication since there exist numerous paths through which data can
travel.
• Scalability: The network can be expandable as per the need of the
organization and it does not disturb the existing nodes.
• Data Redundancy: Several associations guarantee that Information is
always available.
Disadvantages of Mesh Topology
• High Cost: Wiring is quite extensive in this power rack which is an added
disadvantage as it makes its installation quite expensive.
• Complex Setup: Organization of the nodes in the network becomes
complex as the number of nodes in the network rises.
What is Tree Topology?
Tree topology is a type of network topology in which the nodes are organized
in the design of a tree. Tree topology consists of the root node from which the
branching cable starts and the branching cable connects the root node with all
other nodes in a hierarchical manner. Tree topology is less expensive than
mesh topology.
Advantages of Tree Topology
• Hierarchical Structure: In this structure it is easier to manage and
troubleshoot as compared to the other structures because it has a well
defined chain of command.
• Scalability: Each branch can be expanded by the inclusion of new nodes in
come thereby not compromising on the overall network.
• Segmented Network: This means that the resource of network can be split
into several divisions making the total efficiency high.
Disadvantages of Tree Topology
• Single Point of Failure: The first level node is a very sensitive point since, if
it breaks down, the rest of the networks may collapse.
• Maintenance: It is more complex to maintain because the company has a
hierarchical structure.

Difference between Mesh Topology and Tree Topology

Mesh Topology Tree Topology

In Mesh topology, each node is connected In tree topology, the nodes

to every other node fully through a are organized in the design
dedicated link. of a tree.

Mesh topology is also known as a mesh Tree topology is also called

network. hierarchical topology.

In Mesh topology, data is transmitted

through two techniques i.e., routing and In tree topology, data is
flooding. transmitted through
Mesh Topology Tree Topology

branching cable having no

loops.

The amount of cable

The amount of cable needed in mesh needed in tree topology is
topology is very high. less than the mesh
topology.

Security is high in tree

Security is very high in a mesh topology. topology but less than mesh
topology.

The cost of a tree topology

Mesh topology is very expensive as the
is less compared to mesh
cable used is more.
topology.

Types-
Types-
1. Bust Tree Topology
1. Full mesh Topology
2. Cluster Tree Topology
2. Partial mesh Topology
3. Spanning Tree Topology

Installation is easy as
Installation is difficult. compared to mesh
topology.

Difficult to maintain. Easy to maintain.

Mesh Topology Tree Topology

It is suitable where reliability is of major

concern like serving the purpose of It is suitable for small-sized
communication for military organizations, Local Area Networks.
etc.

Conclusion
As in any topology, both Mesh and Tree Topologies have their advantages and
disadvantage and vice versa. Mesh Topology is best suited for those
organizational networks where reliability and redundancy is a necessity like
many military networks whereas Tree Topology is best for those networks
which are hierarchical and are required to be easily scalable and easy to
manage. Therefore, it will depend with the desired objective of that particular
network whether to use either of the two or both together.
9. Advantage and Disadvantage of Mesh Topology
Last Updated : 24 Aug, 2022
•

Prerequisite – Types of Network Topology

Mesh Topology :
In mesh, all the computers are interconnected to every other during a network.
Each computer not only sends its own signals but also relays data from other
computers. The nodes are connected to every other completely via a dedicated
link during which information is travel from nodes to nodes and there are N(N-
1)/2 links in mesh if there are N nodes. Every node features a point-to-point
connection to the opposite node. The connections within the mesh are often
wired or wireless.
There are two types of Mesh topologies –
1. Fully-connected Mesh Topology
2. Partially-connected Mesh Topology
1. Full Mesh Topology :
All the nodes within the network are connected with every other If there are n
number of nodes during a network, each node will have an n-1 number of
connections. A full mesh provides an excellent deal of redundancy, but because
it is prohibitively expensive to implement, it’s usually reserved for network
backbones.
Total number of links required for the mesh topology is [n(n-1)]/2.
2. Partial Mesh Topology :
The partial mesh is more practical as compared to the full mesh. In a partially
connected mesh, all the nodes aren’t necessary to be connected with one
another during a network. Peripheral networks are connected using partial
mesh and work with a full-mesh backbone in tandem.
Advantages of Mesh Topology :
• Failure during a single device won’t break the network.
• There is no traffic problem as there is a dedicated point to point links for
every computer.
• Fault identification is straightforward.
• This topology provides multiple paths to succeed in the destination and
tons of redundancy.
• It provides high privacy and security.
• Data transmission is more consistent because failure doesn’t disrupt its
processes.
• Adding new devices won’t disrupt data transmissions.
• This topology has robust features to beat any situation.
• A mesh doesn’t have a centralized authority.
Disadvantages of Mesh Topology :
• It’s costly as compared to the opposite network topologies i.e. star, bus,
point to point topology.
• Installation is extremely difficult in the mesh.
• Power requirement is higher as all the nodes will need to remain active all
the time and share the load.
• Complex process.
• The cost to implement mesh is above other selections.
• There is a high risk of redundant connections.
• Each node requires a further utility cost to think about.
• Maintenance needs are challenging with a mesh.
10. Why Mesh Topology is Expensive?
Last Updated : 04 Apr, 2024
•

Mesh Topology is a type of network topology where each node or computer

device is connected to every other node in the network, forming a fully
interconnected network, Each computer not only sends its own signals but also
relays data from other computers. In a mesh network, data often travels along
multiple paths to reach its destination, this type of network is majorly used in
large organizations or big companies where there is a need to deal with a large
amount of data traffic. Mesh topology can be easily expanded.
There are two major types of mesh topologies:
• Fully connected mesh topology
• Partial connected mesh topology
Mesh topologies are mostly used in applications where reliability and fault
tolerance are major, such as in military and aerospace networks, large-scale
data centers, etc.
Mesh topology is expensive due to several factors:
• Implementing a mesh network requires a large amount of hardware
networking which includes routers, switches, and cables. In a full mesh
topology where every device is connected to every other device, the
number of connections required also increases rapidly with the number of
devices, which leads to an increase in hardware costs, Until you have all the
equipment like internet speed, etc., required for the installation, it cannot
function properly.
• Every device needs to be physically connected to every other device it
communicates , which requires detailed planning and installation. In
addition, the maintenance of a mesh network becomes complex because of
increased number of connections , which needs to be maintained by
professional or skilled persons.
• Devices /Nodes act as both network devices and relays, forwarding data for
other nodes, all the nodes remains active all the time and distributes the
load. This can lead to increased power consumption, which increases the
price for the mesh network.
• In mesh network topology, data frequently needs to traverse through
multiple intermediate devices before reaching to its final destination,
particularly in a fully connected mesh topology where all nodes are
interconnected. This can result in higher latency and reduction in the
network performance especially if there are areas of congestion in the
 network. To improve these issues, it becomes necessary to allocate
additional bandwidth, which leads higher expenses for the network.
Conclusion
Being expensive and complex mesh topology becomes less suitable for
applications over other topologies such as bus or star, but mesh topology also
provides many advantages to applications where reliability is the major
concern ,mesh network has advantages such as redundancy, flexibility, fault
tolerance, and many more, which makes it suitable for most of the applications
such as in industrial automation and military communications.
11. How Data is Transmitted in Mesh Topology?
Answer: The data is mostly sent over a network of interconnected devices in
a mesh topology . There are several paths for data to get from the source to
the destination through these networked devices.
Steps for Data Transmission in Mesh Topology
Step 1: Packet Routing
Firstly, if any device wants to send the data, then the data is basically
breakdown into the packets. Each of these packets has the information which
is regarding to the source destination and the actual content.
Step 2: Routing Algorithms
Once the data is ready for the transmission, the device mainly uses the routing
algorithms, which selects the best path for each packet transmission, which is
based on the specific criteria like network traffic, shortage distance, etc.
Step 3: Device to Device Communication
After this, the packets are transferred from one node to another, along with
the chosen path of transmission. The nodes can be any devices, like computers,
switches, or their routers.
Step 4: Hop to Hop Transmission
In the communication each node passes the packet to the next node till it finds
its desired destination node. This step ensures the data delivery even if some
nodes or parts are unavailable.
Step 5: Fault Tolerance
In the mesh topology, the redundancy can be occurred as there are multiple
paths between the nodes. h If any of the path gets filled, then the data is been
sent through the different available route.
Step 6: End to End Delivery
Finally, the data or the packets are being released to the desired destination
And then the end device reassembles the data to get the proper content.
12. Why is Mesh Topology Fault Tolerant?
Last Updated : 29 Apr, 2024
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Answer: In the mesh topology, devices are interconnected with multiple

paths, ensuring fault tolerance by offering redundancy and self-healing
capabilities. This setup allows data to reroute dynamically in case of link or
node failures, maintaining continuous connectivity.
Mesh Topology is Fault-Tolerant due to below reasons.
1. Redundancy
The mesh networks offer multiple paths between nodes. If one path fails due
to a link or node failure, data can still reach its destination through alternate
routes.
2. Self-Healing
When a link or node fails, mesh network can dynamically reroute traffic to
avoid the failed component. This self-healing capability ensures continuous
connectivity even in the presence of faults.
3. Scalability
Mesh network scan easily scale by adding more nodes without significantly
impacting the network’s fault tolerance. Each new node adds more potential
paths, further enhancing resilience.
4. Isolation of Failures
Unlike other topologies where a single point of failure can disrupt the entire
network, mesh networks isolate failures to specific nodes or links, minimizing
the impact on overall network performance.
5. Distributed Control
In mesh topology, decision-making is distributed among nodes, reducing the
reliance o centralized components. This decentralization contributes to fault
tolerance as o single node or entity controls the entire network.