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46 views18 pages

Lec 1

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ippili24181
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19ECE311

COMPUTER NETWORKS
Course Information

Batch: S6 ECE A & B


Type: Core subject
Credits: 4
Instructors: Ms. Aswathy K Nair and Ms. Gayathri N
What is Data Communication?
• The ability to convey information quickly, accurately, and
efficiently has always been one of the main focuses
driving human innovation

• Data communication-
– Defined as a subset of telecommunication involving
the transmission of data to and from computers and
components of computer systems.
–More specifically data communication is
transmitted via mediums such as wires, coaxial
cables, fiber optics, or radiated electromagnetic
waves such as broadcast radio, infrared light,
microwaves, and satellites.
History of Tele-Communication
• 1838: Electrical telegraph: Samuel Morse discovered that
when connecting two model telegraphs together and
running electricity through a wire, you could send
messages by holding or releasing the buttons in a series
of intervals. This became known as Morse code and lay
the foundation for mode
• 1876: Telephones: Alexander Graham Bell successfully
invented the telephone in March of 1876.
• 1896: Radio Marconi invented Radio
• 1934: First commercial radio-telephone service, U.S.-Japan.
• 1962: Commercial telecommunications satellite(AT&T), The
Communications Satellite Act was officially passed in
1962, allowing telecommunications to finally go into
space.
• 1969: Computer networking: In October of 1969, the first
data travelled between nodes of the ARPANET, a
predecessor of the Internet. This was the first computer
network and was invented by Charley Kline and Bill Duvall.
• Originally called ARPANET, the Internet began in 1969 as
a military-academic network in the US (originally 4 nodes).
• On the October 29, 1969, computers at Stanford and
UCLA connected for the first time.
• In effect, they were the first hosts on what would one day
become the Internet.
• The first message sent across the network was supposed
to be "Login", but reportedly, the link between the two
colleges crashed on the letter "g".
• Early 1990s, commercial access to the Internet begins.
Government funding of backbone ends in 1994.
• 1970: Arpanet network
The Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) was
developed by Robert E. Kahn and Vint Cerf in the
1970s and became the standard networking
protocol on the ARPANET.
• 1971: Email
• Email was first developed in 1971 by Ray
Tomlinson, who also made the decision to use
the "@" symbol to separate the user name from
the computer name (which later on became the
domain name).
• 1988: First major malicious internet-based attack.
• One of the first major Internet worms was
released in 1988. Referred to as "The Morris
Worm", it was written by Robert Tappan Morris
and caused major interruptions across large parts
of the Internet.
• 1989: The proposal for the World Wide Web(www).
• 1990: World Wide Web protocols finished.
• 1991: First web page created
• 1991:
MP3 becomes a standard.
The first webcam.
• 1998: Google!
• 1998: Internet-based file-sharing gets its roots.
2001: Wikipedia is launched
• 2004: "The" Facebook open to college students.
• 2005: YouTube – streaming video for the masses.
• 2006: Twitter gets twittering.
• 2007: Major move to place TV shows online.
A Communications Model
Communication Characteristics
Effectiveness of DC depends on 4 fundamental
characteristics

• Delivery- to correct destination


• Accuracy- data shouldn’ t alter
• Timeliness-Deliver data in timely manner
• Jitter-variation in packet arrival time
Data Communication model
Data Communication model
• The user keys in message comprising bits buffered in
source PC memory
• Input data is transferred to I/O device (transmitter) as
sequence of bits using voltage shifts
• The transmitter converts these into a signal suitable for
transmission media being used
• Whilst transmitting, media signal may be impaired so
received signal may differ from
• Receiver decodes signal recovering as estimate of
original which is buffered in destination PC memory as
bits being the received message
Networks
• A network is an interconnection of many nodes
through which a desired information flows or
travels. The nodes are the points where more
than two branches or links through which the
entity moves/meet. (Ex: Nodes- PC, laptop,
mobile ,sensors etc)
Network
• A communication network can now be defined as
a collection of switches (nodes) interconnected
by transmission media (links/branches) carrying
information bearing signals in electrical/optical
form.
• So the nodes, links and the transmission of
information are the fundamental attributes of any
network.
THANK YOU

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