Student Number:

Surname:
First Name(s):

Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics

MAM2084F Class Test 1
March 2024
Time: 75 minutes. There are a possible 52 marks for this paper, but it will be marked
out of 50.

• This question paper consists of 10 pages (including this one).

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 Student Number:

Q1 For each MCQ, only write down the letter of your answer in the box.
2
1.1 [3]Which
 set below is a subspace
 of R ?  
x x x
(A) { : xy ≥ 0} (B) { : x + y ≥ 0} (C) { : x2 + y 2 ≥ 0}
y y y
Solution: C
1.2 [3] Let T : R7 → R8 be a linear transformation. What is the size of the matrix that represents
this linear transformation?
(A) 7 × 7 (B) 8 × 8 (C) 7 × 8 (D) 8 × 7
Solution: D  
1 2 3 4 5
1.3 [3] Let M = . What is the dimension of the null space of matrix M ?
0 0 6 7 8
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4 (E) 5
Solution: C  
1 2 3
1.4 [3] Let A = 0 4 5 What is |A| + M31 + C32 ? (det/minor/cofactor)
0 0 6
(A) 15 (B) 17 (C) 19 (D) 20 (E) 22 (F) None of these
Solution: B
1.5 [3] Suppose a, b, c, d, e, f are real numbers, such that this system, have an unique solution

ax + by = c
dx + ey = f

What is x? (Hint: Cramer)

af − cd ae − bd ae − bd ce − bf
(A) (B) (C) (D)
ae − bd af − cd ce − bf ae − bd
Solution: D

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 
x
Q2.1 [5] Let S = { y  : x + 2y + 3z = 0}. Prove that S is a subspace of the vector space R3 .
z
 
0
Solution: First,  0  ∈ S since 0 + 2 × 0 + 3 × 0 = 0. Hence S is non-empty.
0
   
a d
Assume  b  ∈ S. So a + 2b + 3c = 0. Assume  e  ∈ S. So d + 2e + 3f = 0. Adding gives
c f

a + 2b + 3c + d + 2e + 3f = 0
(a + d) + 2(b + e) + 3(c + f ) = 0
 
a+d
 b+e  ∈ S
c+f

Hence S 
is closed
 under vector addition.
a
Assume  b  ∈ S. So a + 2b + 3c = 0. Let α be any real number. Multiplying gives
c

αa + 2αb
 + 3αc
 = 0
αa
 αb  ∈ S
αc

Hence S is closed under scalar multiplication. Therefore S is a subspace.

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2.2 [5] Use Gauss elimination and find a basis for S. Prove that your set is a basis.
Solution:
(1 2 3|0)
z, y are free variables. Let z = t, y = s. So x = −3t − 2s. Hence
 
−3t − 2s
S = { s  : s, t ∈ R}
t
   
−2 −3
= {s  1  + t  0  : s, t ∈ R}
0 1
   
−2 −3
Let B = { 1  ,  0 }. Clearly ⟨B⟩ = S. All that remains is to show that set B is linearly
0 1
independent. Considering

   
−2 −3
α1  1  + α2  0  = 0
0 1

we see that −2α1 + 3α2 = 0, α1 = 0, α2 = 0. All the scalars are zero, so B is linearly independent.
So in conclusion B is a basis for S.
2.3 [2] Write down another basis for S, that do not use any of the vectors in 2.2. Do not justify. Just
give your set in the box.
Solution: Many
 answers
  exist. 
Use any two vectors in S that are not multiples of each other. For
1 0
example B = { 1  ,  3 }.
−1 −2

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Q3.1 [2] Consider the transformation T (y) = dy/dx − 3x2 y. Prove that T (ex ) = 0.
3 d x3 3 3 2
Solution: Using the chain-rule T (ex ) = (e ) − 3x2 ex = 3x2 .ex − 3x2 ex = 0.
dx
3.2 [4] Prove that T is a linear transformation.
Solution: Preserve addition Let y1 and y2 be any differentiable functions. Now

T (y1 ) + T (y2 ) = dy1 /dx − 3x2 y1 + dy2 /dx − 3x2 y2

d
= (y1 + y2 ) − 3x2 (y1 + y2 )
dx
= T (y1 + y2 )

So T preserves vector addition

Preserve scalar multiplication Let y be any differentiable functions and α any real number. Then

d
T (αy) = (αy) − 3x2 (αy)
dx
= αdy/dx − α3x2 y
= α(dy/dx − 3x2 y)
= αT (y)

So T preserve scalar multiplication.

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 
  y
x
3.3 [2] Let S : R2 → R3 such that S =  xy . Prove that S is not a linear transformation.
y
x
Solution: Many arguments are possible. Here is one:
   
  2   2    
1 2 1 2
Note 2S =  2  but S =  4 . Hence 2S
 ̸= S , that is S does not
1 2 1 2
2 2
preserve scalar multiplication.

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 
1 3 0 2
1 5 1 0
Q4 Let B = 
2
.
7 0 1
1 6 3 −2
4.1 [5] Show, using whatever method you prefer, that det(B) = 7.
Solution:
1 3 0 2
1 5 1 0
R4 → R4 − 3R2
2 7 0 1
1 6 3 −2
1 3 0 2
1 5 1 0
= (Expand Col 3)
2 7 0 1
−2 −9 0 −2
1 3 2
= − 2 7 1 R2 → R2 − 2R1 , R3 → R3 + 2R2
−2 −9 −2
1 3 2
= − 0 1 −3 R3 → R3 + 2R2
0 −3 2
1 3 2
= − 0 1 −3 (It is a diagonal matrix)
0 0 −7
= −1 × 1 × 1 × −7
= 7

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 
2 1 2 1
6 5 7 6
4.2 [2] Let C = 
0
. Calculate det(C). Explain how you arrived at your answer. (Hint:
1 0 3
4 0 1 −2
use 4.1)
Solution: If you start with matrix B and you apply R1 → 2R1 and transpose you get matrix C, so
det(C) = 2 det(B) = 14
 
1 3 0 5
1 5 1 5
4.3 [2] Let D = 
1 6 3 4. Calculate det(D). Explain how you arrived at your answer. (Hint:


2 7 0 8
one column and one row operation)
Solution: If you start with matrix B and you apply C4 → C4 + C2 and R3 ↔ R4 you get matrix D
, det(D) = − det(B) = −7.

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Q5.1 [4] Prove if S = {v1 , . . . , vn } is a linearly dependent set, then at least one vector is a linear
combination of the other vectors.
Solution: Assume S = {v1 , . . . , vn } is a linearly dependent set . Hence there scalars αi and a
non-zero scalar αk such that

α1 v1 + . . . + αk vk + . . . = 0
αk vk = −α1 v1 − . . . − αn vn (αk ̸= 0, so we can divide by it)
α1 αn
vk = − v1 − . . . − vn
αk αk
Hence vk is a linear combination of the other vectors in set S.

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5.2 [4] Let A be a n × n matrix. Prove that if det(A) ̸= 0, then A is invertible.

Solution: Assume det(A) ̸= 0. By the adjoint theorem we get that

A.adj(A) = det(A)I

Dividing by det A ̸= 0 we get

adj(A)
A =I
det(A)
adj(A)
Hence A is invertible and A−1 =
det(A)

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