Data Science – Python Set Data Structure

17. PYTHON - SET DATA STRUCTURE

Table of Contents
1. Set data structure ............................................................................................................................... 2
2. When should we go for set? .............................................................................................................. 3
3. Creating set by using same type of elements.................................................................................... 3
4. Creating set by using different type of elements .............................................................................. 4
5. Creating set by range(p) type of elements ........................................................................................ 4
6. Creating set by using set(p) predefined function .............................................................................. 5
7. Empty set ............................................................................................................................................ 6
8. len(p) function .................................................................................................................................... 7
9. Methods in set data structure ........................................................................................................... 8
9.1. add(p) method: ............................................................................................................................ 9
9.2. remove(p) method ..................................................................................................................... 10
9.3. clear() method ........................................................................................................................... 10
10. Membership operators: (in and not in) ......................................................................................... 11
11. set comprehensions ....................................................................................................................... 12
12. Remove duplicates in list elements ............................................................................................... 12

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 Data Science – Python Set Data Structure

17. PYTHON - SET DATA STRUCTURE

1. Set data structure

✓ We can create set by using,

o Curly braces {} symbols
o set() predefined function.

✓ A set can store group of objects or elements.

o A set can store same (Homogeneous) type of elements.
o A set can store different (Heterogeneous)type of elements.

✓ A set size will increase dynamically.

✓ In set insertion order is not preserved means not fixed.

o If we insert elements into 10, 20, 30, 40 then there is no guarantee
for output as 10, 20, 30, 40
o Example
▪ Input => {10, 20, 30, 40}
▪ Output => {20, 40, 10, 30}

✓ Duplicate elements are not allowed.

✓ Set having mutable nature.
o Mutable means once we create a set object then we can change
or modify the content of set object.

✓ Set data structure cannot store the elements in index order.

Note:
✓ set is a predefined class in python.
✓ Once if we create set object means internally object is creating for set
class.

Note:
✓ Inside set every object can be separated by comma separator.

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 Data Science – Python Set Data Structure

2. When should we go for set?

✓ If we want to represent a group of unique values as a single entity, then

we should go for set.
✓ set cannot store duplicate elements.
✓ Insertion order is not preserved.

Note

✓ We can create set by using curly braces {} and all elements separated by
comma separator in set.

3. Creating set by using same type of elements

Program creating same type of elements by using set

Name demo1.py

s = {10, 20, 30, 40}

print(s)
print(type(s))

Output
{40, 10, 20, 30}
<class 'set'>

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 Data Science – Python Set Data Structure

4. Creating set by using different type of elements

Program creating different type of elements by using set

Name demo2.py

s = {10, "Daniel", 30.9, "Prasad", 40}

print(s)
print(type(s))

Output
{40, 10, 'Daniel', 'Prasad', 30.9}
<class 'set'>

5. Creating set by range(p) type of elements

Program creating set by using range(p)

Name demo3.py

s = set(range(5))
print(s)

output
{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}

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 Data Science – Python Set Data Structure

Program set not allowed duplicates

Name demo4.py

s ={10, 20, 30, 40, 10, 10}

print(s)
print(type(s))

Output
{40, 10, 20, 30}
<class 'set'>

Make a note

✓ Observe the above programs output,

o Order is not preserved
o Duplicates are not allowed.

6. Creating set by using set(p) predefined function

✓ We can create set by using set(p) function.

✓ set(p) predefined function will take only one parameter.
✓ This parameter should be sequence (range, list, set, tuple, etc...) object
otherwise we will get error.

Program creating set by using set(parameter1) function

Name demo5.py

r = range(0, 10)
l = set(r)
print(l)
output
{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}

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 Data Science – Python Set Data Structure

7. Empty set

✓ We can create empty set.

✓ While creating empty set compulsory we should use set() function.
✓ If we didn’t use set function, then it treats as dictionary instead of set.

Program Empty curly braces is not a set, it considers as a dictionary

Name demo6.py

s = {}
print(s)
print(type(s))

Output
{}
<class 'dict'>

Program Using set() function to create empty set

Name demo7.py

s = set()
print(s)
print(type(s))

Output
set()
<class 'set'>

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 Data Science – Python Set Data Structure

8. len(p) function

✓ By using len(p) predefined function we can find the length of set.

✓ This function returns the number of elements present in the set.

Program To find length of set

Name demo8.py

n = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50}

print(len(n))

Output
5

Program To find length of set

Name demo9.py

n = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 10, 10, 10}

print(len(n))

Output
5

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 Data Science – Python Set Data Structure

9. Methods in set data structure

✓ As discussed, set is a predefined class.

✓ So, set class can contain methods because methods can be created
inside of class only.
✓ We can check these methods by using dir(parameter1) predefined
function.

✓ So, internally set class contains two types of methods,

o With underscore symbol methods.

▪ We no need to focus

o Without underscore symbol methods.

▪ We need to focus much on these

Program Printing set data structure methods by using dir(set) function

Name demo10.py

print(dir(set))

output
[

'__and__', ...... '__subclasshook__', '__xor__',

Important methods

'add', 'clear', 'remove',

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 Data Science – Python Set Data Structure

Important point

✓ As per object-oriented principle,

o If we want to access instance method, then we should access by
using object name.
✓ So, all set methods we can access by using set object.

Important methods in set:

✓ add(p) method
✓ remove(p) method
✓ clear() method

9.1. add(p) method:

✓ add(p) is a method, we should access this method by using set object.

✓ This method adds element to the set.

Program add(p) function can add element to the set

Name demo11.py

s = {10, 20, 30}

s.add(40)
print(s)

Output
{40, 10, 20, 30}

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 Data Science – Python Set Data Structure

9.2. remove(p) method

✓ remove(p) is a method in set class, we should access this method by

using set object.
✓ This method removes specified element from the set.
✓ If the specified element not present in the set, then we will get KeyError

Program remove(p) method in set

Name demo12.py

s = {40, 10, 30, 20}

s.remove(30)
print(s)

Output
{40, 10, 20}

9.3. clear() method

✓ clear() is a method in set class, we should access this method by using

set object.
✓ This method removes all elements from the set.

Program clear() method in set

Name demo13.py

s = {10,20,30}
print(s)
s.clear()
print(s)

Output
{10, 20, 30}
set()

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 Data Science – Python Set Data Structure

10. Membership operators: (in and not in)

✓ By using these operators, we can find the specified element is exists in

set or not

Program in operator
Name demo14.py

s = {1, 2, 3, 'daniel'}

print(s)
print(1 in s)
print('z' in s)

Output
{1, 2, 3, 'daniel'}
True
False

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 Data Science – Python Set Data Structure

11. set comprehensions

✓ set comprehensions represents creating new set from Iterable object like
a list, set, tuple, dictionary and range.
✓ set comprehensions code is very concise way.

Program set comprehension

Name demo15.py

s = {x*x for x in range(5)}

print(s)

output
{0, 1, 4, 9, 16}

12. Remove duplicates in list elements

✓ We can remove duplicates elements which are exists in list by passing list
as parameter to set function

Program removing duplicates from list

Name demo18.py

a = [10, 20, 30, 10, 20, 40]

s = set(a)
print(s)

Output
{40, 10, 20, 30}

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