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Week 10

Physics

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42 views17 pages

Week 10

Physics

Uploaded by

sesu4840
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Physics II - Spring 2021

Chapter 27: Electric Circuits

The following subjects will be discussed

• Introduction
• The Battery.
• Circuits with Resistors.
• RC Circuits.
Laws of Electric Circuits

Conservation of charge: Summation of currents at a node is equal to zero.

At any node: ∑𝐼 = 0 Kirchhoff ’s Current law

Conservation of energy: Summation of voltage around a loop is equal to zero.

Around any loop: ∑ 𝑉 = 0 Kirchhoff ’s Voltage law

Current getting in = Currents going out


− I
+ +
I
+
−
−

Voltages of one polarity = Voltages of other polarity


Laws of Electric Circuits

Example Find the current 𝐼 in the circuit below. Assume ideal battery.

Write the KVL equation

ℇ! = 𝑅! 𝐼 + ℇ" + 𝑅" 𝐼

6 = 8 𝐼 + 12 + 10 𝐼

−6 1
𝐼= =− 𝐴
18 3

What does the minus mean?

1 8
𝑉#! = 𝑅! 𝐼 = 8 = 𝑉
3 3

1 10
𝑉#" = 𝑅" 𝐼 = 10 = 𝑉
3 3
Laws of Electric Circuits

Example Find the currents in the circuit below.

Write KCL at node 𝑏 or 𝑐,


𝐼! + 𝐼" = 𝐼$

Write KVL for loop 1,


Loop 1 14 + 10 + 4𝐼" = 6𝐼!

Write KVL for loop 2,

10 = 6𝐼! + 2𝐼$

Loop 2 Three equations, three unknowns


𝐼! = 2 𝐴
𝐼" = −3 𝐴
𝐼$ = −1 𝐴
Laws of Electric Circuits
Laws of Electric Circuits

Example The circuit below has been connected for a long time. Find the currents.

Write KCL at node 𝑐 or 𝑓,


𝐼! + 𝐼" = 𝐼$
Loop 1 Write KVL for loop 1, Three equations,
three unknowns
4 = 3𝐼" + 5𝐼$
𝐼! = 1.38 𝐴
Loop 2 Write KVL for loop 2, 𝐼" = −0.364 𝐴
𝐼$ = 1.02 𝐴
8 + 3𝐼! = 5𝐼!

Loop 3

After a long time, the current in the


capacitor is zero (no charge movement)
Open circuit
Laws of Electric Circuits

Example. Find the current in each battery.


Write KCL at node 𝑎 or 𝑏,
𝐼! + 𝐼" + 𝐼$ = 0

Write KVL for loop 1,


𝐼! 𝐼"
1
𝐼$ 2 + 𝑅"𝐼" = 4 + 𝑅!𝐼! + 𝑅!𝐼!
2
Write KVL for loop 2,
4 + 𝑅!𝐼$ + 𝑅!𝐼$ = 4 + 𝑅"𝐼"

Three equations, three unknowns


𝑅! = 1 Ω
𝐼! = −2/3 𝐴
𝑅" = 2 Ω
𝐼" = 1/3 𝐴
𝐼$ = 1/3 𝐴
RC Circuits
The Charging Process
The Charging Process
The Discharging Process
The Discharging Process
The Discharging Process
Examples
Examples
Examples
Q&A

Send me an email if
you have any
questions.

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