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Sheet 8 Internal Solution 2

heat

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17 views8 pages

Sheet 8 Internal Solution 2

heat

Uploaded by

abdo00maher92
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTERNAL FORCED CONVECTION

Sheet 8
INTERNAL FORCED CONVECTION

8–21 Air enters a -diameter, -long underwater duct at and 1 atm


at a mean velocity of , and is cooled by the water outside. If the average heat
transfer coefficient is and the tube temperature is nearly equal to the water
temperature of . Determine:
1-The exit temperature of air and the rate of heat transfer.
Evaluate air properties at a bulk mean temperature of . Is this a good assumption?

Solution:
Pipe: , ,

Air: ,

Properties The properties of air at the anticipated average temperature of 30°C are:
(Table A-15)

Analysis The mass flow rate of water is:

The exit temperature of air is determined from: For tube of :

− 𝑃
exp − ̅
− ̇

1
INTERNAL FORCED CONVECTION

̅
At exit → exp (− ̅) exp (− )
̇ ̇

−
exp (− )
−

The logarithmic mean temperature difference and the rate of heat transfer are:

∆ −
∆ −

∆ −∆ −
∆
∆
𝑙 𝑙
∆

2
INTERNAL FORCED CONVECTION

8–24 Cooling water available at is used to condense steam at in the


condenser of a power plant at a rate of ̇ and by
circulating the cooling water through a bank of -long, -internal-diameter
thin copper tubes. Water enters the tubes at a mean velocity of and leaves at a
temperature of . The tubes are nearly isothermal at . Determine:
1- The average heat transfer coefficient between
the
water, the tubes,
2- The number of tubes needed to achieve the
indicated heat transfer rate in the condenser.

Solution (8–24):

Pipe: , ,

Water: ,

Steam: ̇

Properties The properties of water at the average temperature of (24+10)/2=17°C are:


(Table A-9)
,

Analysis The mass flow rate of water and the


surface area are:

3
INTERNAL FORCED CONVECTION

The rate of heat transfer for one tube is:

̇ − −

The logarithmic mean temperature difference and the surface area are:

∆ −

∆ −

∆−∆ −
∆
∆
𝑙 𝑙
∆
The average heat transfer coefficient is
determined from:

The total rate of heat transfer is determined from:

Then the number of tubes becomes:

4
INTERNAL FORCED CONVECTION

8–75 Water is to be heated from to as it flows through a 2-cm-


internal-diameter, 13-m-long tube. The tube is equipped with an electric resistance heater,
which provides uniform heating throughout the surface of the tube. The outer surface of the
heater is well insulated, so that in steady operation all the heat generated in the heater is
transferred to the water in the tube. If the system is to provide hot water at a rate of 5 L/min,
Determine:
1- The power rating of the resistance heater.
2-Estimate the inner surface temperature of the pipe
at the exit.
, ,

, and

Solution (8-44): From water table at get:

, , ,

, and

Pipe: , ,

Water: ,
𝑙 𝑙 ̇
Analysis The mass flow rate of water and the surface area are:

̇ ̇

̇ ( )

5
INTERNAL FORCED CONVECTION

The rate of heat transfer for one tube is:

̇ − −

(b) The Reynolds number is:

→ 𝑙 𝑙

The entry lengths in this case are roughly:

→
we can assume fully developed turbulent flow in the entire duct, and determine the Nusselt
number from:

Heat transfer coefficient is:

The surface temperature at the exit is:


−

6
INTERNAL FORCED CONVECTION

7
INTERNAL FORCED CONVECTION

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