Session 02: Spring Data JPA

Objectives
• ORM
• Spring Data JPA
• Validation

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 ORM (1)
What is ORM?
• ORM (Object-Relational Mapping) is a programming technique that simplifies
the interaction between relational databases and object-oriented
programming languages like Java

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 ORM (2)
How Does ORM Work?
• Mapping: You define how your Java classes (entities) correspond to
database tables using annotations or configuration files.
• Persistence Provider: The ORM framework provides a persistence provider
that interacts with the database based on your object mappings.
• CRUD Operations: You perform CRUD (Create, Read, Update, Delete)
operations on your objects using ORM methods that translate them into
appropriate SQL statements.

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 ORM (3)
Sample
• We have a simple application managing Product entities with id, name, and price
attributes. Let's compare how to achieve basic operations without and with an ORM.
• Product Table
Without ORM Using ORM
@Entity
public class Product {
CREATE TABLE product ( @Id
id INT PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY(1,1), @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
name VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL, private Long id;
price DECIMAL(10,2) NOT NULL private String name;
); private Double price;
// Getters and setters (omitted for brevity)
}

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 ORM (4)
Sample
• CRUD operations - Create
Without ORM Using Spring Data JPA

public void createProduct(Product product) throws SQLException {

String sql = "INSERT INTO product (name, price) VALUES (?, ?)";

try (Connection conn = getConnection(); public interface ProductRepository extends

PreparedStatement ps = conn.prepareStatement(sql)) {
JpaRepository<Product, Long> {
}
ps(1, product.getName());
ps.setBigDecimal(2, product.getPrice());
Product savedProduct = productRepository.save(product);
ps.executeUpdate();
}
}

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 ORM (5)
Sample
• CRUD operations - Read
Without ORM Using Spring Data JPA
public Product getProductById(long id) throws SQLException {
String sql = "SELECT * FROM product WHERE id = ?";
Product product = null;

try (Connection conn = getConnection(); public interface ProductRepository extends

PreparedStatement ps = conn.prepareStatement(sql)) { JpaRepository<Product, Long> {
}
ps.setLong(1, id);
ResultSet resultSet = ps.executeQuery();
Optional<Product> product =
productRepository.findById(id);
if (resultSet.next()) {
}
}

return product;
}
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 ORM (6)
Sample
• CRUD operations - Update
Without ORM Using Spring Data JPA
public void updateProduct(Product product) throws
SQLException {
String sql = "UPDATE product SET name = ? WHERE id = ?";

try (Connection conn = getConnection(); public interface ProductRepository extends

PreparedStatement ps = conn.prepareStatement(sql)) { JpaRepository<Product, Long> {
}
ps.setString(1, product.getName());
productRepository.save(existingProduct);
ps.executeUpdate();
}
}

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 ORM (7)
Sample
• CRUD operations - Delete
Without ORM Using Spring Data JPA

public void deleteProduct(long id) throws SQLException {

String sql = "DELETE FROM product WHERE id = ?";
public interface ProductRepository extends
try (Connection conn = getConnection(); JpaRepository<Product, Long> {
PreparedStatement ps = conn.prepareStatement(sql)) { }
ps.setLong(1, id);
ps.executeUpdate(); productRepository.deleteById(id);
}
}

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 Spring Data JPA (1)
What is Spring Data JPA
• It is a part of the larger Spring Data project which makes it easier to implement data access
layers for various persistence stores.
• Spring Data JPA is a repository system that creates automatic Data Access Objects (DAOs)
for you at compile time and uses an ORM like Hibernate in these DAOs (Spring Data JPA is
not an ORM)

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 Spring Data JPA (2)
Key Concepts
• Entities: POJOs (Plain Old Java Objects) annotated with @Entity that map to
database tables.
• Example
@Entity
public class Product {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private Long id;
private String name;
private Double price;
// Getters and setters (omitted for brevity)
}

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 Spring Data JPA (3)
Key Concepts
• Repositories: Interfaces extending JpaRepository<T, ID> provide pre-defined
methods for CRUD operations on entities of type T with an ID of type ID.
• Example @Repository
public interface ProductRepository extends JpaRepository<Product, Long> {

@Entity
public class Product {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private Long id;
private String name;
private Double price;
// Getters and setters (omitted for brevity)
}
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 Spring Data JPA (4)
Key Concepts
• Derived Queries: Simple method naming conventions in repositories can automatically
generate JPQL (Java Persistence Query Language) queries based on method names.
• Example
public interface ProductRepository extends JpaRepository<Product, Long> {
// Derived query by name (using method name convention)
List<Product> findByNameContaining(String name);

// Derived query by price range (using method name convention)

List<Product> findByPriceBetween(Double minPrice, Double maxPrice);

// a custom JPQL query defined using the @Query annotation for more complex scenarios.
@Query("SELECT p FROM Product p WHERE p.name LIKE ?1 AND p.price > ?2")
List<Product> findByNameLikeAndPriceGreaterThan(String name, Double minPrice);
}
Reference: https://docs.spring.io/spring-data/jpa/reference/jpa/query-methods.html
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 Validation (1)
Introduction
• Validation annotations that can be applied to the data fields within your Entity/DTO
class, and allows you to follow specific rules and conditions for fields in which we are
applying validators to meet your custom constraints
• Example

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 Validation (2)
Annotations
• The following annotations
Annotation Usages

@NotNull Not be null but can be empty

@NotEmpty Not be null and not empty

@NotBlank Not be null and not empty and not blank

@Min Given Minimum value has to be satis ied

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 Validation (3)
Annotations
• The following annotations
Annotation Usages

@Max Given Maximum value has to be satis ied

@Size Field size should be less than or greater than the speci ied ield size

@Email Email can be validated with this

@Pattern Given RegEx Pattern has to be satis ied.

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 Validation (4)
<dependency>
Example
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
• Configuration for Validators <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-validation</artifactId>
</dependency>
• Code
@NotBlank(message = "Employee name can't be left empty")
private String name;

@Min(value = 18, message = "Minimum working age 18")

@Max(value = 60, message = "Maximum working age 60")
private Integer age;

@Email(message = "Please enter a valid email Id")

@NotNull(message = "Email cannot be NULL")
private String email;

@Pattern(regexp = "^[0-9]{5}$", message = "Employee postal code must be a 5-digit number.")

private String postalCode;

@Size(min = 10, max = 100,

message = "Address should have a length between 10 and 100 characters.")
private String address;
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 Validation (5)
Example
• To collect all the errors, we need to have an “ExceptionHandler” and it is given below
@ControllerAdvice
public class ExceptionHandler extends ResponseEntityExceptionHandler {
@Override
protected ResponseEntity<Object> handleMethodArgumentNotValid(
MethodArgumentNotValidException exception,
HttpHeaders httpHeaders, HttpStatus httpStatus,
WebRequest webRequest){
Map<String, Object> objectBody = new LinkedHashMap<>();
objectBody.put("Current Timestamp", new Date());
objectBody.put("Status", httpStatus.value());

// Get all errors

List<String> exceptionalErrors = exception.getBindingResult()
.getFieldErrors()
.stream()
.map(x -> x.getDefaultMessage())
.collect(Collectors.toList());

objectBody.put("Errors", exceptionalErrors);
return new ResponseEntity<>(objectBody, httpStatus);
}
}
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 Keeping up those inspiration and the enthusiasm in the learning path.
Let confidence to bring it into your career path for getting gain the success as
your expectation.

Thank you
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