ICT Assignment # 02

Sarah Tashfeen
FA24-BED-102
21-10-2024

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Operating System..........................................................................................................2
1. Windows Operating System....................................................................................2
Introduction..............................................................................................................2
History......................................................................................................................2
Interface Evolution...................................................................................................2
 Uses and Popularity...........................................................................................3
2. MacOS Operating System........................................................................................3
Introduction..............................................................................................................4
History......................................................................................................................4
Key Features.............................................................................................................4
Integration with Hardware........................................................................................4
Uses and Popularity..................................................................................................5
Unique Aspects.........................................................................................................5
3. Linux Operating System..........................................................................................5
Introduction..............................................................................................................6
History......................................................................................................................6
Key Features.............................................................................................................6
Uses and Popularity..................................................................................................6
Unique Aspects.........................................................................................................7

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 Question# 1: <CLO-3: Understanding>

Discuss any three Operating systems.

Operating System

Operating System a type of system software. It basically manages all the resources of the computer. An
operating system acts as an interface between the software and different parts of the computer or the
computer hardware. The operating system is designed in such a way that it can manage the overall resources
and operations of the computer

1. Windows Operating System

Introduction

Windows is a widely used operating system developed by Microsoft. It's known for its user-friendly
interface and versatility across personal computers, laptops, and even tablets. Windows operates within an
ecosystem that includes Microsoft Office, Xbox, and cloud services like OneDrive. This integration makes it
highly functional for work and leisure.

History

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  Launched in 1985, Windows started as a graphical user interface for MS-DOS.
 Over the years, it evolved through versions like Windows 95, XP, and Windows 7, and now to
Windows 10 and 11.

Interface Evolution

Over the years, Windows has evolved significantly:

 Windows 95: Introduced the iconic Start Menu and taskbar.

 Windows XP: Known for its stability and visual improvements, it became a favorite for years.
 Windows 7: Brought a balance between performance and design.
 Windows 10 & 11: Modern versions with a mix of classic Windows features and new tools like
Cortana and Microsoft Edge.

Key Features

Graphical User Interface (GUI): Windows made computing accessible with visual
icons and menus.
Multitasking: Allows running multiple applications simultaneously.
Compatibility: Most software programs are designed to run on Windows.

 Uses and Popularity

 Personal Use: Windows dominates the home and personal computing market.
 Business Use: It’s preferred in corporate environments due to its professional
tools like Microsoft Office.
 Gaming: A favorite for gamers, supporting high-end video games with vast
compatibility.
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2. MacOS Operating System

Introduction

MacOS was introduced in 1984 to run Macintosh personal computers

(PCs). The OS helped make graphical user interfaces (GUIs) popular,
even inspiring Microsoft to move away from its user input method in
favor of using GUIs for Windows OSes. macOS, developed by Apple
Inc., is a sleek and robust operating system designed specifically for
Mac computers. It’s known for its elegance, security, and seamless
integration with other Apple products.

As of June 2024, the current version of macOS is macOS 14 Sonoma. Apple has also announced macOS 15
Sequoia, which is expected to be released in the fall of 2024.

History

 Introduced in 1984 as Macintosh OS.

 macOS X, released in 2001, marked a significant leap, introducing a new Unix-based structure.

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Key Features

 Elegant Design: Known for its clean and intuitive design, macOS is user-friendly but sophisticated.
 Security: macOS is considered safer from viruses and malware due to its closed ecosystem.
 Seamless Integration with Apple Ecosystem: Works perfectly with iPhones, iPads, and Apple
Watches, creating a unified experience.

Integration with Hardware

Apple designs both the macOS software and Mac hardware, ensuring smooth and optimized performance.
Macs tend to have fewer hardware issues compared to other systems, as they’re built specifically for the
operating system.

 Retina Displays: Macs are known for their crisp, high-quality displays, which are ideal for photo
and video editing.
 Touch Bar (MacBook Pro): A small touch-sensitive screen above the keyboard for shortcuts and
customization.

Uses and Popularity

 Creative Industry: A favorite among graphic designers, musicians, and video editors because of
powerful software like Final Cut Pro and Logic Pro.
 Personal and Business Use: While not as common in businesses, it’s highly valued by individuals
who appreciate its smooth performance and design.

Unique Aspects

 Unified Hardware and Software: Apple controls both the hardware (Mac computers) and software
(macOS), which results in better optimization and performance.
 Handoff Feature: Allows users to continue tasks seamlessly between Apple devices.

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3. Linux Operating System

Introduction

Linux is an open-source operating system, which means its code is freely available for anyone to modify and
distribute. It is especially popular among tech enthusiasts, developers, and servers.

Linux is different from Windows and macOS because it comes in many different versions called
distributions or distros. Here are some popular ones:

 Ubuntu: Known for its user-friendly interface, Ubuntu is a great starting point for people new to
Linux.
 Fedora: More cutting-edge, Fedora is used by developers and tech enthusiasts who want the latest
features.
 Debian: Known for its stability and reliability, Debian is favored for server use.

History

 Created in 1991 by Linus Torvalds as a personal project.

 It quickly grew into a powerful alternative to proprietary systems like Windows and macOS.
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Key Features

 Open Source: Anyone can access and modify its code, fostering innovation and a large developer
community.
 Lightweight and Flexible: Linux can run on anything from high-end servers to older computers.
 Security and Stability: Linux is known for its strong security features and stability, making it the
go-to choice for servers.

Uses and Popularity

 Server Management: Linux powers the majority of servers around the world, including those of
tech giants like Google and Facebook.
 Development: Programmers and developers often prefer Linux for its flexibility and wide range of
development tools.
 Personal Use: While less common for personal desktops, some distributions like Ubuntu and Fedora
have made Linux more user-friendly.

Unique Aspects

 Customizability: Users can tweak almost every part of the Linux experience, from the user interface
to system processes.
 Distributions (Distros): Linux comes in various "distros," or distributions, such as Ubuntu, Fedora,
and Debian, each catering to different users and needs.

Who Should Use Linux?

 Tech Enthusiasts & Developers: Perfect for developers, programmers, and those who like tweaking
their system.
 Server Administrators: Linux dominates the server market due to its stability, security, and
performance.
 Budget Users: Linux is free, making it ideal for people who want to breathe new life into older
computers or who can’t afford expensive operating systems.

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