Kinetic particle model of matter

Physics by Mr.Akhtar Mahmood 1 SALT Academy 03334281759

Physics by Mr.Akhtar Mahmood 2 SALT Academy 03334281759
 Akhtar Mahmood (0333-4281759)

MATTER
M.Sc.(Physics), MCS, MBA-IT, B.Ed.
MIS, DCE, D AS/400e(IBM), OCP(PITB)
[email protected]

1 Assuming the temperature remains constant, 7. Which line in the table correctly describes
which combination correctly describes the volume whether the molecules of a solid, liquid and gas
and shape of a gas or a liquid? are moving or stationary?
solid liquid gas
gas or volume shape A stationary stationary stationary
liquid B stationary stationary moving
A gas fixed not fixed C stationary moving0 moving
B gas not fixed not fixed D moving moving moving
C liquid fixed fixed
D liquid not fixed fixed Driving a car raises the temperature of the
8. tyres. This causes the pressure of the air in the
2. When ice melts to become water, which force tyres to increase. Why is this?
must be overcome? A Air molecules break up to form separate
A the attraction between electrons and the atoms.
nucleus B Air molecules expand with the rise in
B the attraction between atoms in a molecule temperature.
C the force between molecules C The force between the air molecules
D the force of gravity increases.
D The speed of the air molecules increases.
Which of the following correctly compares the
3.
forces between the molecules in ice, water and The diagram shows how the atoms in a
steam? 9. substance rearrange themselves during a
change of state.
Weakest strongest
forces forces
A ice steam water
B ice water steam
C steam water Ice
D water steam Ice Which change of state is shown?
A gas to liquid B liquid to gas
4. How are the forces between the molecules in a C liquid to solid D solid to liquid
gas and the average speed of these molecules
best described? 10. A fixed mass of gas is heated while kept at
forces average constant volume. How do the properties of the
between speed of molecules of the gas change?
molecules molecules Average Frequency Average
A very strong very slow speed of collision distance
B strong fast with walls apart
C weak slow A increase increase unchanged
D very weak very fast B increase increase decreases
C Increase unchanged unchanged
A balloon is squeezed and the pressure of the air D unchanged increase Increase
5. inside increases.
If there is no change in the temperature of the air, 11. When a solid is heated, which of the following
the molecules of air cause this increase in changes occurs?
pressure, because they A the density increases
A are greater in number B the melting point increases
B are moving faster C the molecules vibrate more rapidly
C collide more frequently with the wall of the D the number of molecules increases
balloon.
D have a larger mean free path A student observes the Brownian motion of smoke
12.
particles in air with a microscope. She sees moving
Which of the following gives the states of matter in points of light.
6. which molecules, at a given temperature, have These points come from
the highest speed and the greatest force of A air particles only moving randomly
attraction between them? B air particles only vibrating
C smoke particles only moving randomly
states in which states in which D both smoke and air particles moving randomly
molecules have molecules have the
the highest speed greatest force 13. Which states of matter are very difficult to
between them compress?
A gas gas A gases only
B gas solid B gases and liquids only
C solid gas C liquids and solids
D solid solid D solids only

Physics by Mr.Akhtar Mahmood 3 SALT Academy 03334281759

 Akhtar Mahmood (0333-4281759)
M.Sc.(Physics), MCS, MBA-IT, B.Ed.
MIS, DCE, D AS/400e(IBM), OCP(PITB)
KINETIC THEORY OF MATTER [email protected]

Q. 1 Fig. below illustrates the arrangement of the molecules of a substance in its solid, liquid and gaseous states.

(a) State which arrangement, A, B or C, contains molecules with the most energy.

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(b) Explain, in terms of the forces between the molecules and their separation, why
(i) gases are easier to compress than liquids,

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(ii) latent heat is needed to change the substance from solid to liquid.

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Q 2. A thin-walled plastic bottle is sealed and contains dry air at atmospheric pressure.
(a) Explain how the molecules of air inside the bottle exert a pressure on the walls.

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(b) Ice is placed inside the bottle, and the bottle is then sealed again. The temperature of the air inside the bottle
falls and the bottle becomes partially crushed. Explain, in terms of the molecules of air inside and outside the
bottle, why this happens.

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Physics by Mr.Akhtar Mahmood 4 SALT Academy 03334281759
Physics by Mr.Akhtar Mahmood 5 SALT Academy 03334281759
Physics by Mr.Akhtar Mahmood 6 SALT Academy 03334281759
Physics by Mr.Akhtar Mahmood 7 SALT Academy 03334281759
Relation between Pressure and volume of gas: (Boyle’s Law)

Pressure α 1 .
Volume

p1V1 = p2 V2

Physics by Mr.Akhtar Mahmood 8 SALT Academy 03334281759

Physics by Mr.Akhtar Mahmood 9 SALT Academy 03334281759
Physics by Mr.Akhtar Mahmood 10 SALT Academy 03334281759
Physics by Mr.Akhtar Mahmood 11 SALT Academy 03334281759
 Akhtar Mahmood (0333-4281759)
M.Sc.(Physics), MCS, MBA-IT, B.Ed.
MIS, DCE, D AS/400e(IBM), OCP(PITB)
KINETIC THEORY OF MATTER [email protected]

Q. 1 Fig. below illustrates the arrangement of the molecules of a substance in its solid, liquid and gaseous states.

(a) State which arrangement, A, B or C, contains molecules with the most energy.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………............ [1]
(b) Explain, in terms of the forces between the molecules and their separation, why
(i) gases are easier to compress than liquids,

.........................................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) latent heat is needed to change the substance from solid to liquid.

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.......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]

Q 2. A thin-walled plastic bottle is sealed and contains dry air at atmospheric pressure.
(a) Explain how the molecules of air inside the bottle exert a pressure on the walls.

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............................................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................................. [2]
(b) Ice is placed inside the bottle, and the bottle is then sealed again. The temperature of the air inside the bottle
falls and the bottle becomes partially crushed. Explain, in terms of the molecules of air inside and outside the
bottle, why this happens.

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Physics by Mr.Akhtar Mahmood 12 SALT Academy 03334281759
 Akhtar Mahmood (0333-4281759)
M.Sc.(Physics), MCS, MBA-IT, B.Ed.
MIS, DCE, D AS/400e(IBM), OCP(PITB)
[email protected]

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Q. 3 Explain, by writing about molecules,
(a) how the air inside a car tyre exerts a pressure on the walls of the tyre.

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(b) why the pressure in the car tyre increases as the tyre becomes hotter,

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(c) why the pressure in the tyre increases as more air is pumped into the tyre.

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Q. 5 (a) Describe briefly the difference between the motions of the molecules of ice, water and steam.

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(b) State and explain what happens to the molecules in a block of ice when the temperature of the ice is increased and
the ice does not melt.

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Physics by Mr.Akhtar Mahmood 13 SALT Academy 03334281759

 Akhtar Mahmood (0333-4281759)
M.Sc.(Physics), MCS, MBA-IT, B.Ed.
MIS, DCE, D AS/400e(IBM), OCP(PITB)
[email protected]

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Q. 6 Complete the following table which is about the densities of solids, liquids and gases, and the effect on these
densities of temperature rises at constant pressure.
Use only the words ‘large’ or ‘small’ when completing the density column.
Use only the words ‘large’ or ‘small’ together with ‘increase’ or ‘ decrease’ when completing the effect of a
temperature rise column.

Effect of a temperature rise on density at

Density constant pressure.

solids

liquids

gases

Physics by Mr.Akhtar Mahmood 14 SALT Academy 03334281759