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Drilling Machine Operations

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29 views4 pages

Drilling Machine Operations

Uploaded by

lemuelbayna03
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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DRILLING MACHINE OPERATIONS

DRILLING
- Drilling is a cutting process that uses a rotating drill bit to create a hole in solid
materials. The bit, often multi-point, is pressed against the work-piece and rotated at
high speeds, cutting chips from the hole. Specially-shaped bits can be used for non-
circular holes, like square ones.

COUNTER SINKING
- Countersinking is the tapering or beveling of the end of a hole with a conical cutter
called a machine countersink. Often a hole is slightly countersunk to guide pins which
are to be driven into the workpiece but morecommonly. countersinking is used to orm
receses for flathead screws (Figure 4-38) and is similar to counterboring
COUNTER BORING
-When counterboring, first mount the tool securely in the drill chuck and set the depth
stop for the desired shoulder cut depth. Adjust the speed to about half of a twist drill's
speed, using the actual cutter size for calculations. Make sure to firmly secure the
workpiece to the table or vise, aligning it by fitting the pilot into the drilled hole with a
slight sliding motion. Ensure a proper fit for the pilot to avoid issues. Use feeds between
0.002 and 0.005 inches per revolution, adjusting based on tool condition and metal type.
Lubricate the pilot with oil during counterboring to prevent seizing, and use cutting fluid
if required for the material. Start with hand feed for counterboring, reserving power feed
for production setups. These steps contribute to a smoother and more accurate
counterboring process.

SPOT FACING
- Spot facing is basically the same as counterboring, using the same tool, speed, feed,
and lubricant. The operation of spot
facing is slightly different in that the spot facing is usually done above a surface or on a
curved surface. Rough surfaces, castings, and curved surfaces are not at right angles
the cutting tool causing great strain on the pilot and counterbore which can lead to
broken tools. Care must be taken when starting the spot facing cut to avoid too much
feed. If the tool grabs the workpiece because of too much feed, the cutter may break or
the workpiece may be damaged. Ensure that the work is securely mounted and that all
backlash is removed from
drilling machine spindle.

TAPPING
-Tapping is cutting a thread in a drilled hole. Tapping is accomplished on the drilling
machine by selecting and drilling the tap drill size (see Table 4-5 in Appendix A), then
using the drilling machine chuck to hold and align the tap while it is turned by hand. The
drilling machine is not a tapping machine, so it should not be used to power tap. To
avoid breaking taps, ensure the tap aligns with the center axis of the hole, keep tap
flutes clean to avoid jamming, and clean chips out of the bottom of the hole before
attempting to tap.
REAMING
-Reaming a drilled hole is another operation that can be performed on a drilling
machine. It is difficult, if not impossible, to drill a hole to an exact standard diameter.
When great accuracy is required, the holes are first drilled slightly undersized and then
reamed to size (Figure 4-42). Reaming can be done on a drilling machine by using a
hand reamer or using a machine reamer (Figure 4-43). When you must drill and ream a
hole, it is best if the setup is not changed. For example, drill the hole (slightly
undersized) and then ream the hole before moving to another hole. This method will
ensure that the reamer is accurately aligned over the hole. If a previously drilled hole
must be reamed, it must be accurately realigned under the machine spindle. Most hand
and machine reamers have a slight chamfer at the tip to aid in alignment and starting
(Figure 4-43).

BORING
- To create large or unique-sized holes, use a boring tool with a drilling machine. For
bigger machines, a boring bar with a tool bit is suitable. Ensure a rigid setup, a robust
machine, and utilize power feed for accuracy; avoid hand-feed machines due to safety
concerns. Secure the workpiece, drill an initial hole for the boring bar, and insert it
without altering the setup. Use a dial indicator to set the desired hole size by adjusting
the tool bit. Set the machine speed based on recommended drilling speeds and keep
the feed light (0.005 to 0.010 inches per revolution). Start with a light cut, check the hole
size, and adjust as needed. Proceed with rough and finishing cuts. Afterward, measure
the hole internally before any setup changes, in case additional cuts are required.

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