DIRECT

VARIATION
Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the student should be able to

1. Illustrate situations that involve direct variation.

2. Identify the equation that involve direct variation.

3. Solve problems involving direct variation using y=kx

as the mathematical equation of direct variation,
where k is a constant variation.

4. Appreciate the concept of direct variation in real-

life situations.
 Direct Variation
Direct variation is a relation between
two quantities in which an increase in
one quantity produces an increase in
another quantity and that their ratio
remains the same.
 Direct Variation
If two variables change such that the ratio of
one over the corresponding value of the other
is constant then the relation between these
two variables is called a direct linear variation.
𝒚
If y varies directly as x, then 𝒚 = 𝒌𝒙 or 𝒌 =
𝒙
where k is the non-zero constant of variation.
 y=kx
“y varies directly as x”
“y is directly proportional to x”
“y is proportional to x”
y=kx Constant variation
𝒚
k=4 𝒌=
𝒙
x y 𝒚=𝟒 𝟏 =𝟒
1 4 𝒚=𝟒 𝟐 =𝟖
2 8 k=4 𝒚 = 𝟒 𝟑 = 𝟏𝟐
3 12
Direct Variation

as x y also
increases increases
Direct Variation

as x y also
decreases decreases
Real-life examples of Direct Variation
Real-life examples of Direct Variation
Real-life examples of Direct Variation
Real-life examples of Direct Variation
 Activity No. 1
Which shows
direct variation?
 Activity 1
Which shows direct variation?

The grades of a student

to his/her hard work.
 Activity 1
Which shows direct variation?

The number of persons

sharing a pizza to the
slice of the pizza.
 Activity 1
Which shows direct variation?

The area of the wall to

the amount of paint used
to cover it.
 Activity 1
Which shows direct variation?

The number of hours you

work to the amount of
your paycheck.
 Activity 1
Which shows direct variation?

The number of persons

typing a manuscript to
the time spent in typing.
 Activity 1
Which shows direct variation?

The time a teacher

spends checking papers
to the number of
students.
 Activity 1
Which shows direct variation?

The amount of money

raised in a concert to the
number of tickets sold.
 Activity 1
Which shows direct variation?

The age of a used car to

its resale value.
 Activity 1
Which shows direct variation?

The cost of electric bill to

the number of electric
fans running in the house.
 Activity 1
Which shows direct variation?

The number of visitors to

the size of chairs in the
venue.
Activity 2:
Directions: Translate each statement into an
equation. Use k for the constant of variation.

a varies directly as b.

𝒂 = 𝒌𝒃
Activity 2:
Directions: Translate each statement into an
equation. Use k for the constant of variation.

m is directly proportional
to n.
m= 𝒌𝒏
Activity 2:
Directions: Translate each statement into an
equation. Use k for the constant of variation.

d is proportional to t.

d= 𝒌𝒕
Activity 2:
Directions: Translate each statement into an
equation. Use k for the constant of variation.
The fare (F) of a passenger varies
directly as a distance (d) of his
destination.

F= 𝒌𝒅
Activity 2:
Directions: Translate each statement into an
equation. Use k for the constant of variation.
The cost (C) is directly
proportional to the weight (w) of
kilogram.
C= 𝒌𝒘
Activity 2:
Directions: Translate each statement into an
equation. Use k for the constant of variation.
An employee’s salary (S) is
proportional to the number of
days (d) he has worked

S = 𝒌𝒅
Activity 3:
Directions: Translate each equation into a
statement.
𝒅 𝒗𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒆𝒔 𝒅𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒍𝒚 𝒂𝒔 𝒕.
1. 𝒅 = 𝒌𝒕
𝒅 𝒊𝒔 𝒅𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒍𝒚 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒑𝒐𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝒕𝒐 𝒕.
𝒅 𝒊𝒔 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒑𝒐𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝒕𝒐 𝒕.
Activity 3:
Directions: Translate each equation into a
statement.
P 𝒗𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒆𝒔 𝒅𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒍𝒚 𝒂𝒔 𝒘.
2. 𝑷 = 𝒌𝒘
P 𝒊𝒔 𝒅𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒍𝒚 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒑𝒐𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝒕𝒐 𝒘.

P 𝒊𝒔 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒑𝒐𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝒕𝒐 𝒘.
Seatwork 2:
Directions: Translate each statement into an
equation. Use k for the constant of variation.

1. j 𝒗𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒆𝒔 𝒅𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒍𝒚 𝒂𝒔 𝒛.

2. r 𝒊𝒔 𝒅𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒍𝒚 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒑𝒐𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝒕𝒐 𝒋.
Seatwork 2:
Directions: Translate each statement into an
equation. Use k for the constant of variation.

3. The variable a varies directly as b.

4. The price P is directly proportional to

the number of item n.
Seatwork 2:
Directions: Translate each statement into an
equation. Use k for the constant of variation.
5. The variable a is proportional to m.

6. The number of liters L, consumed by a

car is directly proportional to number of
kilometers d it runs.
Seatwork 2:
Directions: Translate each statement into an
equation. Use k for the constant of variation.
7. The perimeter P of a regular octagon
varies directly as the length s of its sides.
8. The commission C of an agent varies
directly as the amount p of his sales.
Seatwork 2:
Directions: Translate each statement into an
equation. Use k for the constant of variation.
9. The discount d in store is directly
proportional to the price p of the item.
10. The weight w of a steel cable is directly
proportional to its length l.
Solving Problems
Involving
Direct Variation
 Review:
True or False
Determine whether the given statement is true or false.
True or False: Determine whether the given statement is
true or false.

The cost of fish to its weight in

kilograms shows direct variation.

True
True or False: Determine whether the given statement is
true or false.

The fare (F) of a passenger varies

directly as the distance (d) of his
destination may be translated as F = kd.

True
True or False: Determine whether the given statement is
true or false.

This table of values shows a direct variation.

x 2 3 4 5
y 1 2 3 4

False
True or False: Determine whether the given statement is
true or false.

This table of values shows a direct variation.

x 16 20 24 28
y 12 15 18 21

True
True or False: Determine whether the given statement is
true or false.

Luisa pays 7 pesos for jeepney fare for

every 4km. if she travels 36km, then she will
pay 63 pesos for her jeepney fare.

True
 y=kx
“y varies directly as x”
“y is directly proportional to x”
“y is proportional to x”
Example
Solve problems involving direct variation.
1.If y varies directly as x and 𝑦 = 24 when x= 6 , find the
constant of variation and the equation of the variation
Solution:
𝑦 = 𝑘𝑥 𝐼𝑓 𝑘 = 4
24 = 𝑘(6) 𝑦 = 𝑘𝑥
24 𝒚 = 𝟒𝒙
𝑘=
6
𝒌=𝟒
Example
Solve problems involving direct variation.
2. The table below shows that the distance d varies directly as the time t. find
the constant of variation and the equation which describes the relation.
Time t (hr) 1 2 3 4 5
Distance d (km) 10 20 30 40 50
Solution:
𝑑 = 𝑘𝑡
10 = 𝑘(1) 𝐼𝑓 𝑘 = 10
10 𝑑 = 𝑘𝑡
𝑘=
1 𝒅 = 𝟏𝟎𝒕
𝒌 = 𝟏𝟎
Example
Solve problems involving direct variation.
3. If y varies directly as x and 𝑦 = 18 when 𝑥 = 9 what is the
value of y when 𝑥 = 7?
𝑦1 𝑦2
Solution: =
𝑥1 𝑥2
𝑦 = 𝑘𝑥
18 = 𝑘(9) 18 𝑦
𝑦 = (2)(7) =
18 9 7
𝑘= 𝒚 = 𝟏𝟒 2 𝑦
9 = 𝒚 = 𝟏𝟒
𝒌=𝟐 1 7
 SOLVING PROBLEM INVOLVING DIRECT VARIATION
MATH-BREAKER MAP
A shadow (s) of an object varies directly as its
height (h). A man 1.8m tall casts a shadow 4.32 m Solve for the unknown
long. If at the same time a flagpole casts a shadow
12.6 m long, how high is the flagpole? s = 12.6 k = 2.4 h = ?
s = kh
What is asked? Solve for k 12.6 = 2.4(h)
The height of 12.6 2.4ℎ
s = kh =
the flagpole? 2.4 2.4
4.32 = k(1.8) h = 5.25
Equation 4.32 = 1.8k
Given 4.32 1.8𝑘
s = kh = Final Answer
s = 4.32 1.8 1.8
k = 2.4 The height of the
h = 1.8 m
flagpole is 5.25 m.
NMP 5
Directions: Solve the following problems involving
direct variation.
1. If n varies directly as m, and n = 24 when
m = 6, find the constant variation and the
equation of variation.

2. If y varies directly as x and y = 35 when

x = 7, what is the value of y when x = 25?