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Tech Dat

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Tuấn Đạt
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At many different temperatures of a liquid, measure the saturated

vapor pressure P and form the Clausius - Clapeyron equation from


the measured values.
Full Name: Cao Duy Tuan Dat
Student ID: 20201412
Class:150638
Instructor: Ta Hong Duc
Date of submission:16/05/2024
I.Introduction
Saturated vapor pressure is the pressure generated by steam at a certain
temperature in a closed system when the entire system operates in thermodynamic
equilibrium.This is an application where the evaporation rate of water is equal to
the float rate of steam. The relationship between temperature and vapor pressure is
expressed in the Clausius - clapeyron equation. From there the value of the heat of
vaporization and boiling point of the liquid are known.
* Clausius - clapeyron equation :

P - Saturated vapour pressure


T – Temperature (Kelvin)

- Vapourize temperature

R - Ideal gas constant

The method used to measure vapor pressure is the Smith and Menzies method.In this
method, a small amount of liquid is placed in a closed tube and the saturated vapor
pressure is measured.

II.Methodology
Figure 1. The experimental diagram

Pour the liquid to be measured into the peach flask in both branches A and B (the
liquid level is about 2/3 submerged) and then connect to pipe N. put the flask into the
water cup in the thermostatic tank (the flask is completely underwater).

First, push all the air out of liquid A as follows:

Leave the heating tank at the desired temperature. Operate the suction pump and then
open lock J. The vapor pressure at tank C gradually decreases, causing liquid levels B2
and M to increase, levels B1 and L to decrease, until a certain time. At a certain point,
air bubbles from A pull air out

2. Make sure that all the air in A has gone out, valve J is closed and valve K is slowly
opened to let air in until the levels B1 and B2 are approximately equal, then close
valve K. Record the temperature t, atmospheric pressure H and pressure difference h.
3. The temperature in the water bath needs to increase (1-1.5°C/once). Measure P
about 6-8 times at each temperature value.
Since all the air on A has been removed, it is not necessary to remove any more air
from the second measurement
4. From the values, create a graph of lnP=f(1/T)

III.Results
Room temperature : 16℃ H =760 mmHg
t℃ 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

T 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313


( Kelvin
)

h 413 398 388 376 366 354 336 324


(mmHg)

P 347 362 372 384 394 406 424 436


(mmHg)
=H-h

Table 1. The table of measured temperature and pressure values

Figure 2. The Graph of relationship between pressure and temperature lnP=f(1/T)


IV.Discussion

The chart is a straight line

When measuring saturated vapor pressure, not pushing all the air out of A has a major
impact on many factors. The vapor pressure at A includes the air pressure, meaning that
the pressure drops markedly or the liquid column height is not maintained in the presence
of air at A.
= +

The liquid levels in B1 and B2, if only slightly different lead to small errors due to the
small density of Acetone.

When comparing λ in experiment and theory, the value of heat of vaporization in


experiment gives lower results. When reviewing the experimental process, errors were
unavoidable such as not pushing all the air out or limited ability to observe mercury and
vaporization. A good method to minimize errors during experiments is to measure with
different temperature values

V.Conclusion
After this experiment, the heat of vaporization calculated from the Clausius -Clapeyron
equation is 24942 (J/mol), along with the boiling temperature of 59℃. Compared to
theory, the experimental data has differences. difference. Wrong determination of boiling
temperature affects the results or errors during transition identification and when
observing mercury manometers.
Therefore, carefulness is really necessary during the experiment to avoid make mistakes

VI.References
[1] Cao Hong Ha et. al., Thi nghiem hoa ly [Physical chemistry laboratory manual], (in
Vietnamese). Nha xuat ban Bach Khoa Ha Noi, 2020.
[2] K.P. Misenko, A. A. Rabedev. (1972). So tay hoa ly. Nha xuat ban Bach Khoa Ha
Noi.
Appendix 1. Raw and Processed Experimental Data
Laboratory temperature: 29oC
The boiling point of liquid is 59°C.

t℃ 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
T (kelvin) 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313
(1/T).10^3 3.27 3.26 3.25 3.24 3.23 3.22 3.21 3.2
h (mmHg) 413 398 388 376 366 354 336 324

P (mmHg) = 347 362 372 384 394 406 424 436


H-h
LnP 5.85 5.89 5.92 5.95 5.98 6.01 6.05 6.08

Table 2. Processed data table

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