International GCSE

Physics (9–1)
(Modular)
Sample Assessment Materials
Pearson Edexcel International GCSE in Physics (Modular) (4XPH1)

First teaching September 2024

First examination June 2025
First certification August 2025

Issue 1
About Pearson

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© Pearson Education Limited 2024
Contents
Introduction 1

General marking guidance 3

Unit 1 Assessment 5

Unit 1 Mark Scheme 27

Unit 2 Assessment 39

Unit 2 Mark Scheme 63

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 Introduction

The Pearson Edexcel International GCSE (9-1) in Physics (Modular) (4XPH1) is designed
for use in schools and colleges. It is part of a suite of International GCSE modular
qualifications offered by Pearson.

These sample assessment materials have been developed to support this qualification
and will be used as the benchmark to develop the assessment students will take.

The sample assessment materials in this document are derived from the existing
Edexcel International GCSE (9-1) in Physics qualification, which is linear in design.

Both linear and modular routes are designed to provide the same level of demand
overall while offering candidates a choice of assessment options. In the modular
qualification, candidates are able to sit and resit individual units in different series.

Note: Within International GCSE (9-1) in Physics (Modular), assessments are referred to
as units. This is to support the modular nature of the qualification as each individual
assessment is entered for as a separate unit.

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 General marking guidance
• All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners must mark the last
candidate in exactly the same way as they mark the first.
• Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must be rewarded for what
they have shown they can do rather than be penalised for omissions.
• Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme – not according to their
perception of where the grade boundaries may lie.
• All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded. Examiners should
always award full marks if deserved, i.e. if the answer matches the mark scheme.
Examiners should also be prepared to award zero marks if the candidate’s response is
not worthy of credit according to the mark scheme.
• Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will provide the principles by which
marks will be awarded and exemplification/indicative content will not be exhaustive.
However, different examples of responses will be provided at standardisation.
• When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of the mark scheme to a
candidate’s response, a senior examiner must be consulted before a mark is given.
• Crossed-out work should be marked unless the candidate has replaced it with an
alternative response.

Subject specific marking guidance

Symbols and terms used in the mark scheme:

• Round brackets ( ): words inside round brackets are to aid understanding of
the marking point but are not required to award the point
• Curly brackets { }: indicate the beginning and end of a list of alternatives (separated by
obliques) where necessary, to avoid confusion
• Oblique /: words or phrases separated by an oblique are alternatives to each other and
either answer should receive full credit
• ecf: indicates error carried forward which means that a wrong answer given in an early
part of a question is used correctly in a later part of a question.

You will not see ‘owtte’ (or words to that effect). Alternative correct wording should be
credited in every answer unless the mark scheme has specified otherwise.

The Additional Guidance column is used for extra guidance to clarify any points in the mark
scheme. It may be used to indicate:
• what will not be accepted for that marking point, in which case the phrase ‘do not
accept’ will appear alongside the relevant marking point
• it might have examples of possible acceptable answers which will be adjacent to that
marking point.

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 Please check the examination details below before entering your candidate information
Candidate surname Other names

Centre Number Candidate Number

Pearson Edexcel International GCSE (9–1)

Sample assessment material for first teaching 2024

Time 1 hour 40 minutes Paper

reference 4WPH1/1P
Physics (Modular)
UNIT 1

You must have: Total Marks

Ruler, calculator

Instructions
•• Use black ink or ball-point pen.
Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
centre number and candidate number.
•• Answer all questions.
Answer the questions in the spaces provided
– there may be more space than you need.

Information
•• The total mark for this unit is 90.
The marks for each question are shown in brackets
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.

Advice
•• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
Try to answer every question.
• Check your answers if you have time at the end.

Turn over

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 FORMULAE

You may find the following formulae useful.

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energy transferred = current × voltage × time E = I×V×t

work done W
power = P=
time taken t
energy transferred W
power = P=
time taken t

(final speed)2 = (initial speed)2 + (2 × acceleration × distance moved)

v2 = u2 + (2 × a × s)

pressure × volume = constant p1 × V1 = p2 × V2

change in momentum ( mv – mu )
force = F=
time taken t

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change in thermal energy = mass × specific heat capacity × change in temperature
ΔQ = m × c × ΔT

Where necessary, assume the acceleration of free fall, g = 10 m/s2.

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 Answer ALL questions.
Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change your mind about an
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answer, put a line through the box and then mark your new answer with a cross .
1 The motion of an object can be represented using graphs.
(a) The graphs, P, Q, R and S, show different types of motion.

distance distance

P Q

time time

velocity velocity
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R S

time time

The table lists some types of motion.

Place one tick () in each row of the table to show which graph represents which
type of motion.
(4)

Graph

Types of motion P Q R S

constant acceleration
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increasing acceleration

moving at constant velocity

stationary

(b) State the feature of a velocity-time graph that can be used to determine the
distance travelled by an object.
(1)

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(Total for Question 1 = 5 marks)

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2 Cricket is a sport played with bats and balls.

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(a) (i) A cricket player hits a ball with a bat. Before the ball is hit, it is moving to the
left with a momentum of 4.2 kg m/s.
The bat is contact with the ball for 0.012 s.
After the ball is hit, it moves to the right with a momentum of 6.7 kg m/s.
Calculate the mean force the bat exerts on the ball and state the direction of
the force.
(3)

mean force = .............................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N

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direction ........................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) State the magnitude and direction of the mean force the ball exerts on the
bat.
(1)

magnitude of mean force = .............................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N

direction of force ........................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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 (b) The cricket player wears padded protective equipment.
This protective equipment reduces the risk of injury to the player if they are struck
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by the cricket ball.

Explain how this protective equipment reduces the risk of injury to the player.
Use ideas about momentum in your answer.
(3)

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(Total for Question 2 = 7 marks)

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3 A student is given five metal cubes, each with a volume of 1.0 cm3.
Each cube is made from a different metal.

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The student measures the mass of each cube to determine the density of each metal.
These are the student’s results for the mass of each cube.

copper = 9.0g

brass = 8.7 g

aluminium = 2.7g

iron = 7.9g

zinc = 7.1 g

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Draw a results table of the student’s results.
Include a column to show the density of each metal in g / cm3.
(4)

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(Total for Question 3 = 4 marks)

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 4 The graph shows how the thinking distance and the braking distance vary with the
speed of a car.
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60

braking
distance
50

40
Distance
in m
30

20
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thinking
distance

10

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Speed in m / s

(a) Which of these does not affect thinking distance?

(1)
A alcohol consumed by the driver

B condition of the road

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C speed of the car

D tiredness of the driver

(b) Which of these would increase the braking distance of the car?
(1)
A faster reaction time of the driver

B ice on the road

C more powerful brakes

D tyres with more grip

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 (c) Determine the stopping distance of the car when the speed of the car is 20 m/s.
(3)

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stopping distance = ............................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m
(d) (i) State the formula linking average speed, distance moved and time taken.
(1)

(ii) Determine the reaction time of the driver of the car.

(3)

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reaction time = ............................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . s
(e) Calculate the mean braking acceleration of the car as it brakes to a stop from an
initial speed of 30 m/s.
(4)

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acceleration = ..................................................... . . . . . . . . . m/s2

(Total for Question 4 = 13 marks)

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 5 A student charges a plastic rod by rubbing it with a cloth.
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The rod becomes negatively charged.

(a) (i) Which statement explains how the rod becomes negatively charged?
(1)

A the rod gains positively charged electrons

B the rod loses positively charged electrons
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C the rod gains negatively charged electrons

D the rod loses negatively charged electrons

(ii) Describe how the student could demonstrate that the rod is charged.
(2)

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 (b) The student has several other rods made from different kinds of plastic.
Some rods can be charged positively and some can be charged negatively.

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Describe an experiment to show that different rods can have different types of
charge.
You may draw a diagram to help your answer.
(3)

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(Total for Question 5 = 6 marks)

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 6 The photograph shows a solar power farm.
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(Source: © Alessandro Pierpaoli/Shutterstock)

(a) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using solar power rather than fossil
fuels to generate electricity.
(4)
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(b) Solar panels produce direct current (d.c.).

The National Grid in many countries operates on alternating current (a.c.).
Describe the difference between direct current (d.c.) and alternating current (a.c.).
(2)

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(Total for Question 6 = 6 marks)

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7 A student uses this apparatus to investigate how the efficiency of an electric motor
varies with its input voltage.

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d.c. power joulemeter
supply
electric motor

metre
rule

1.0kg mass

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This is the student’s method.
• connect the electric motor to a d.c. power supply and a joulemeter
• attach a 1.0 kg mass to the electric motor using a length of string
• set the voltage of the power supply to 10 V and switch on the power supply
• switch off the power supply when the mass has been lifted through a distance
of 50 cm
• record the input energy to the motor from the joulemeter
• calculate the energy transferred to the gravitational store of the mass DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA

• calculate the efficiency of the motor

The student repeats this process, setting the power supply to a different voltage each
time.
(a) Give two control variables for the investigation.
(2)

1 . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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 (b) Show that the gravitational store of the 1.0 kg mass increases by 5.0 J when it is
lifted through a distance of 50 cm.
(2)
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(c) The table shows the student’s results.

Power supply Joulemeter Motor

voltage in V reading in J efficiency (%)

3.0 99.4 5.0

3.5 25.5 19.6

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4.0 16.5 30.3

5.0 13.5 37.0

6.0 12.6 39.7

8.0 12.8 39.1

10.0 12.7

(i) Calculate the motor efficiency when the power supply is set to a voltage
of 10 V.
(3)
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efficiency = ............................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . %

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 (ii) Plot a graph of the motor efficiency on the y-axis against the power supply
voltage on the x-axis.
(3)

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(iii) Draw a curve of best fit.
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(2)
(iv) Using the graph, determine the minimum power supply voltage that will
allow the electric motor to operate at maximum efficiency.
(1)

power supply voltage = ............................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V

(Total for Question 7 = 13 marks)

14 Pearson Edexcel International GCSE in Physics (Modular) (4XPH1) – Sample Assessment Materials
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*S81547A01424* Issue 1 – March 2024 © Pearson Education Limited 2024
 8 A student investigates the change of state by heating a sample of a substance.
The student starts heating the substance when it is a solid.
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As they heat the substance it melts, turning into a liquid, which is then heated further.
On the axes, draw a graph that shows how the temperature of the substance changes
during this heating process.
The specific heat capacity of the substance when it is a solid is greater than when the
substance is a liquid.
(3)

Temperature
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Time

(Total for Question 8 = 3 marks)

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9 A student uses the circuit shown in diagram 1 to investigate how the current changes
with voltage for a filament lamp.

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A V
component Y

Diagram 1

(a) (i) Give the name of component Y.

(1)

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) Give a reason why component Y is included in the circuit.

(1)

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(b) The graph shows some of the student’s results.

0.6
Current
in A
0.4

0.2
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–12 –8 –4 0 4 8 12
Voltage
in V
–0.2

–0.4

–0.6

16 Pearson Edexcel International GCSE in Physics (Modular) (4XPH1) – Sample Assessment Materials
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*S81547A01624* Issue 1 – March 2024 © Pearson Education Limited 2024
 (i) State the formula linking charge, current and time.
(1)
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(ii) Determine the current in the lamp when the voltage across the lamp is 10 V.
(1)

current = ............................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A
(iii) Calculate the charge transferred through the lamp in 30 s when the voltage
across the lamp is 10 V.
Give the unit.
(3)
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charge = ............................................................. unit ........................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(iv) Calculate the time for the lamp to transfer 250 J of energy when the voltage
across the lamp is 10 V.
(3)
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time = ............................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . s
(v) The student disconnects the cell and reconnects it with its terminals reversed.
Complete the graph to show how the current in the lamp varies with voltage
across the lamp when the cell is connected with its terminals reversed.
(2)

Pearson Edexcel International GCSE in Physics (Modular) (4XPH1) – Sample Assessment Materials 17
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 (c) The student replaces the filament lamp with a light emitting diode (LED) and
replaces the cell with an alternating current (a.c.) power supply, as shown in
diagram 2.

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The student also removes the ammeter and voltmeter from the circuit.

component Y

Diagram 2

Explain why the LED flashes on and off in this circuit.

(2)

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(Total for Question 9 = 14 marks)

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18 Pearson Edexcel International GCSE in Physics (Modular) (4XPH1) – Sample Assessment Materials
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*S81547A01824* Issue 1 – March 2024 © Pearson Education Limited 2024
 10 A ship floats on the sea.
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upthrust

surface
of sea

(a) The ship floats because of the forces acting on it.

The upward force acting on the ship is called upthrust.
This force is shown on the diagram.
Draw another labelled arrow on the diagram to show the other vertical force
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acting on the ship.

(2)
(b) The upthrust force acting on the ship is proportional to the pressure difference
between the bottom of the ship and the surface of the sea.
The pressure acting on the ship at the surface of the sea is 100 kPa.
(i) State the formula linking pressure difference, height, density and gravitational
field strength (g).
(1)
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(ii) The bottom of the ship is 15.8 m below the surface of the sea.
Show that the pressure acting on the bottom of the ship is approximately
260 kPa.
[density of seawater = 1030 kg/m3]
(3)

Pearson Edexcel International GCSE in Physics (Modular) (4XPH1) – Sample Assessment Materials 19
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 (iii) Explain why the bottom of the ship is deeper below the surface of the sea
when the ship is fully loaded with cargo.
(2)

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. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 10 = 8 marks)

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20 Pearson Edexcel International GCSE in Physics (Modular) (4XPH1) – Sample Assessment Materials
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*S81547A02024* Issue 1 – March 2024 © Pearson Education Limited 2024
 11 A student pours a known volume of hot water into a metal container. They place the
metal container into an insulated plastic cup containing an equal volume of cold
water.
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metal container
with hot water

insulated plastic cup

with cold water

The student uses temperature probes to measure the temperatures of both the water
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in the metal container and the water in the plastic cup.

The hot water has an initial temperature of 70 °C and the cold water has an initial
temperature of 5 °C.
(a) On the axes, sketch how the temperature of the hot water and the temperature of
the cold water vary with time.
(4)

70

Temperature
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in °C

5
0
0 Time in minutes

Pearson Edexcel International GCSE in Physics (Modular) (4XPH1) – Sample Assessment Materials 21
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*S81547A02124*
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Turn over
 (b) Explain why the temperatures of the hot water and the cold water change.
You should refer to different types of thermal energy transfer in your answer.

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(4)

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(c) Explain how placing a lid on the plastic cup would affect the results.
(3)

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 11 = 11 marks)

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TOTAL FOR UNIT = 90 MARKS

22 Pearson Edexcel International GCSE in Physics (Modular) (4XPH1) – Sample Assessment Materials
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*S81547A02224* Issue 1 – March 2024 © Pearson Education Limited 2024
 Physics Unit 1 (Modular)
Mark Scheme

Question Answer Mark

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Number
1(a) One mark for each correct row. 4

Reject mark for row if more than one tick seen.

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Question Answer Mark

Number
1(b) area (under the line) / eq; 1

Question Answer Notes Mark

Number
2(a)(i) substitution into F = (mv – mu/t; -1 if POT error independent 3
evaluation; mark
correct direction; 208.3… scores 2 marks
max. If given with correct
direction

e.g. Allow 908.3… (N)

(F =) (6.7 - -4.2) / 0.012 allow forwards
(F = ) 910 (N) ignore compass directions
(direction = ) right 0.9083… Scores 1 mark
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Question Answer Notes Mark

Number
2(a)(ii) same forces as in (a)(i) AND opposite allow ECF from (a)(i) for 1
direction; both points
allow ECF for compass
direction only if opposite to
direction given in (i)

e.g.
(F =) 910 (N) AND (direction =) left

Pearson Edexcel International GCSE in Physics (Modular) (4XPH1) – Sample Assessment Materials 27
Issue 1 – March 2024 © Pearson Education Limited 2024
 Question Answer Notes Mark
Number
2(b) any three from: 3
MP1. Idea that there is a change of
momentum (when ball hits player);
MP2. (equipment) increases (impact)
time;
MP3. Decreases rate of change of
momentum (of ball);
MP4. Decreases force (on player);
MP5. Decreases pressure (on player);
allow spreads force over
larger area

Question Answer Mark

Number
3 column listing metals; 4
column listing masses with mass and unit heading;
column listing densities;
correct unit for density in heading;

Question Answer Mark

Number

4(a) The only correct answer is B (condition of the road); 1 1

A is incorrect because consumption of alcohol increases reaction time

C is incorrect because thinking distance is determined by speed

D is incorrect because tiredness increases reaction time

Question Answer Mark

Number

4(b) The only correct answer is B (ice on the road); 1

A is incorrect because reaction time does not affect braking distance

C is incorrect because more powerful brakes would decrease the braking

distance

D is incorrect because tyres with more grip would decrease the braking
distance

28 Pearson Edexcel International GCSE in Physics (Modular) (4XPH1) – Sample Assessment Materials
Issue 1 – March 2024 © Pearson Education Limited 2024
 Question Answer Notes Mark
Number
4(c) idea that stopping distance = thinking stated or implied 3
distance + braking distance;

correct reading of either distance; allow 26.0-27.0 (m) for

braking distance
correct evaluation; allow 10.0-10.5 (m) for
thinking distance allow
e.g. 36.0-37.5 (m)
stopping distance = thinking distance +
braking distance
thinking distance = 10.0 m / braking distance
= 26.5 m
stopping distance = (10.0 + 26.5) = 36.5 (m)

Question Answer Notes Mark

Number
4(d)(i) (average) speed = distance (moved) / time allow standard symbols 1
(taken); and rearrangements e.g.
t=s/v
allow s or d for distance

Question Answer Notes Mark

Number
4(d)(ii) suitable pair of readings taken from graph; allow v or s for speed 3

rearrangement of formula; evaluation; i.e. (30,15), (20,10),

3(10,5) etc.
e.g.
thinking distance = 15 m when speed = 30 allow any answer in range
m/s 0.40-0.60 (s)

time = distance / speed

(time = 15 / 30 =) 0.50 (s)

Pearson Edexcel International GCSE in Physics (Modular) (4XPH1) – Sample Assessment Materials 29
Issue 1 – March 2024 © Pearson Education Limited 2024
 Question Answer Notes Mark
Number
4(e) correct braking distance reading from graph; allow 53 seen anywhere 4 4
in working
substitution into v2 = u2 + 2×a×s;
rearrangement; final answer of 6.6 (m/s2)
evaluation; (using stopping distance
instead of braking
distance) scores 3 marks

final answer of 30 (m/s2)

(using thinking distance
instead of braking
distance) scores 3 marks

e.g. allow 52-53 m allow 8.49-

braking distance = 53 8.65
m
02 =302 +[2×a×53]
a = (-)900 / 106
(a =) (-)8.5 (m/s2)

Question Answer Mark

Number

5(a)(i) The only correct answer is C the rod gains negatively charged electrons; 1

A is incorrect because electrons are not positively charged

B is incorrect because electrons are not positively charged

D is incorrect because this would make the rod positively charged

30 Pearson Edexcel International GCSE in Physics (Modular) (4XPH1) – Sample Assessment Materials
Issue 1 – March 2024 © Pearson Education Limited 2024
 Question Answer Mark
Number

5(a)(ii) a named demonstration; 2

a relevant observation;

e.g.
put charged rod near hair
hair moves towards/is attracted to rod

put charged rod near (small) pieces of paper

pieces of paper move towards to the rod

put charged rod near steam of water

water bends towards the rod

put rod next to another charged rod

rod will move towards/away from other rod

use a gold lead electroscope (GLE)

gold leaf deflects

Question Answer Notes Mark

Number
5(b) marking points may be 3
shown on a labelled
diagram
MP1. Method to allow (rods) to swing freely; e.g. suspend/balance on
watch glass allow if
another
MP2. Idea that rods are brough close together; charged insulator used
e.g. a balloon allow if rod
brought near another
MP3. Observation of attraction AND repulsion; charged insulator
reject if method would not
give attraction and
repulsion
e.g. holding rod near
stream of water

Pearson Edexcel International GCSE in Physics (Modular) (4XPH1) – Sample Assessment Materials 31
Issue 1 – March 2024 © Pearson Education Limited 2024
 Question Answer Notes Mark
Number
6(a) any FOUR from: 4
advantages:
MP1 no carbon (dioxide) emissions; ignore unnamed
‘greenhouse gases’
MP2 no contribution to { global warming/
greenhouse effect/acid rain };
MP3 is renewable;
MP4 low maintenance/no moving parts;

disadvantages:
MP5 needs a favourable climate;
MP6 needs long days/doesn’t work at night;
MP7 needs a lot of space;
MP8 cannot respond to rapid charges in
demand;

Question Answer Mark

Number

6(b) d.c travels in one direction only; 2

a.c changes direction frequently/continuously;

Question Answer Notes Mark

Number
7(a) any two from: Ignore ‘some motor’ 2
MP1. Mass (being lifted); condone weight
MP2. Height (lifted)/distance;
MP3. Power supply/circuit being used;
MP4. Temperature (of motor);

Question Answer Notes Mark

Number
7(b) conversion of cm to m; 2
substitution into GPE = mass x g x height;

e.g.
50cm = 0.5m
allow 0.5 seen anywhere
GPE = 1 x 10 x 0.5 (= 5 J) allow use of g = 9.8(1)
(m/s2)

32 Pearson Edexcel International GCSE in Physics (Modular) (4XPH1) – Sample Assessment Materials
Issue 1 – March 2024 © Pearson Education Limited 2024
 Question Answer Notes Mark
Number
7(c)(i) Efficiency formula seen; 3
substitution;
evaluation; ignore s.f.

e.g.
efficiency = useful energy output/total energy
input
efficiency = 5/12.7 (x100%)
efficiency = 39.4 (%) allow 39,39.37…
reject unsupported
incorrect answer

Question Answer Notes Mark

Number
7(c)(ii) suitable linear scale chosen (>50% of grid ignore orientation 3
used);
axes labelled with quantities and unit;
all plotting correct to nearest half square; ignore plotting at 10v

Question Answer Notes Mark

Number
7(c)(iii) Acceptable curve of best fit drawn up to a i.e. curved line with even 2
voltage of 6V; distribution of points either
side
straight horizontal line of best fit drawn from by eye
6V onwards;

Question Answer Notes Mark

Number
7(c)(iv) correctly read voltage from graph consistent allow ranges 5.4V – 6.6V 1
with candidates curve of best fit;
allow ecf from (iii)

Question Answer Mark

Number

8 line starting from y-axis with positive gradient and line after melting with 3
positive gradient;
gradient of liquid line greater than solid line;
horizontal line showing melting;

Pearson Edexcel International GCSE in Physics (Modular) (4XPH1) – Sample Assessment Materials 33
Issue 1 – March 2024 © Pearson Education Limited 2024
 Question Answer Notes Mark
Number
9(a)(i) variable resistor; allow rheostat 1

Question Answer Notes Mark

Number
9(a)(ii) idea that it allows the current / voltage (across ignore references to 1
lamp) to be varied; changing resistance

Question Answer Notes Mark

Number
9(b)(i) charge = current × time; allow standard symbols 1 1
and rearrangements e.g.
Q=I×t reject C, c for
current and charge

Question Answer Mark

Number

9(b)(ii) 0.48 (A); 1

Question Answer Notes Mark

Number
9(b)(iii) substitution; allow ecf from (ii) 3
evaluation;
unit; mark independently

e.g.
charge = 0.48 × 30
(charge =) 14 allow 14.4
coulombs / C ignore As

34 Pearson Edexcel International GCSE in Physics (Modular) (4XPH1) – Sample Assessment Materials
Issue 1 – March 2024 © Pearson Education Limited 2024
 Question Answer Notes Mark
Number
9(b)(iv) substitution into E = V × I × t; allow ecf from (ii) 3
rearrangement;
evaluation;
allow alternative method
involving calculating charge
transferred, then using Q=It

e.g.
250 = 10 × 0.48 × time
time = 250 / 4.8 allow 52.08…(s)
(time =) 52 (s)

Question Answer Notes Mark

Number
9(b)(v) curve drawn of similar shape to existing but 2
through 180° rotation into negative quadrant
of graph;
curve starts at (0,0) and finishes at (-12,0.5);
coulombs / C
DOP

Question Answer Notes Mark

Number
9(c) any two from: Allow descriptions of 2
MP1. idea that current changes direction; electrons movement for
MP2. LED only allows current in one current
direction;
MP3. LED will not light up when current in
reverse direction;
allow RA

Pearson Edexcel International GCSE in Physics (Modular) (4XPH1) – Sample Assessment Materials 35
Issue 1 – March 2024 © Pearson Education Limited 2024
 Question Answer Notes Mark
Number
10(a) Downward arrow labelled weight; Ignore starting point of 2
arrow
allow ‘gravitational force’,
‘force due to gravity’
reject ‘gravity’
judge by eye

downward arrow is equal in length to upthrust

arrow;

Question Answer Mark

Number

10(b)(i) Pressure (difference) = height x density x g; 1

Question Answer Mark

Number

10(b)(ii) substitution; 3
evaluation of pressure difference in Pa OR kPa to at least 3s.f.;
addition of surface pressure (100kPa) to give answer;

e.g.
p = 15.8 x 1030 x 10
p = 162740 Pa OR 162.74 kPa
p = 162.74 + 100 (=260 kPa)

Question Answer Mark

Number

10(b)(iii) any two from: 2

MP1. idea that {weight of ship/downwards force} is greater;
MP2. larger pressure difference (when deeper in water);
MP3 larger upthrust force (needed to keep forces balanced);

36 Pearson Edexcel International GCSE in Physics (Modular) (4XPH1) – Sample Assessment Materials
Issue 1 – March 2024 © Pearson Education Limited 2024
 Question Answer Notes Mark
Number
11(a) line decreases from 70; 4
other line increases from 5;
both are correctly curved;
lines become asymptotic at an intermediate DOP
temperature; reject if intermediate
temperature closer to 70
than 5

Question Answer Notes Mark

Number
11(b) any 4 from: 4
MP1. hot water loses energy/cold water gains
energy;
MP2. (thermal) energy is transferred from hot allow colder water gains
to cold water; heat from hot water
MP3. By conduction (through the metal);
MP4. idea that energy transfer stops when allow equivalent
thermal equilibrium is reached; statements for thermal
equilibrium e.g. same
temperature
MP5. some (thermal) energy lost (to
surroundings) by
convection/evaporation/radiation;
MP6. little/no (thermal) energy is transferred
out through the insulated plastic cup;

Question Answer Notes Mark

Number
11(c) (energy transfer by) convection/radiation Allow reference to 3
decreases; evaporation condone no
idea that equilibrium temperature will be change to intermediate
higher; temperatures

idea that time taken to cool (to room

temperature) will be longer;

Pearson Edexcel International GCSE in Physics (Modular) (4XPH1) – Sample Assessment Materials 37
Issue 1 – March 2024 © Pearson Education Limited 2024
38 Pearson Edexcel International GCSE in Physics (Modular) (4XPH1) – Sample Assessment Materials
Issue 1 – March 2024 © Pearson Education Limited 2024
 Please check the examination details below before entering your candidate information
Candidate surname Other names

Centre Number Candidate Number

Pearson Edexcel International GCSE (9–1)

Sample assessment material for first teaching 2024

Time 1 hour 40 minutes Paper

reference 4WPH2/1P
Physics (Modular)
UNIT 2

You must have: Total Marks

Ruler, calculator

Instructions
•• Use black ink or ball-point pen.
Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
centre number and candidate number.
•• Answer all questions.
Answer the questions in the spaces provided
– there may be more space than you need.

Information
•• The total mark for this unit is 90.
The marks for each question are shown in brackets
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.

Advice
•• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
Try to answer every question.
• Check your answers if you have time at the end.

Turn over

S81548A
©2024 Pearson Education Ltd.
1/1/1
*S81548A0124*
Pearson Edexcel International GCSE in Physics (Modular) (4XPH1) – Sample Assessment Materials 39
Issue 1 – March 2024 © Pearson Education Limited 2024
 FORMULAE

You may find the following formulae useful.

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1 1
frequency = f=
time period T

2π × orbital radius 2×π×r

orbital speed = v=
time period T

pressure × volume = constant p1 × V1 = p2 × V2

pressure p1 p2
= constant =
temperature T1 T2

change of wavelength velocity of a galaxy λ − λ0 Δ λ v

= = =
wavelength speed of light λ0 λ0 c

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Where necessary, assume the acceleration of free fall, g = 10 m /s2.

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2 Pearson Edexcel International GCSE in Physics (Modular) (4XPH1) – Sample Assessment Materials
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*S81548A0224* Issue 1 – March 2024 © Pearson Education Limited 2024
 Answer ALL questions.
Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change your mind about an
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answer, put a line through the box and then mark your new answer with a cross .
1 Diagram 1 shows the magnetic field between the poles of two strong bar magnets.

Diagram 1
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(a) Add labels to diagram 1 to show the poles of the bar magnets.
(1)
(b) The bar magnets are made from steel.
Give one reason why steel is a good material for making bar magnets.
(1)

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(c) Explain how diagram 1 shows a uniform magnetic field.

(2)

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Pearson Edexcel International GCSE in Physics (Modular) (4XPH1) – Sample Assessment Materials 3
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Issue 1 – March 2024 © Pearson Education Limited 2024 *S81548A0324* Turn over
 (d) Diagram 2 shows a metal wire being moved downwards through the uniform
field between the poles of the same bar magnets. The orientation of the magnets
has not been changed.

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wire

movement

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Diagram 2
(i) Give a reason why a voltage is induced between the ends of a metal wire as it
moves between the poles of the bar magnets.
(1)

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(ii) State two changes that could be made to this arrangement that would
increase the magnitude of the induced voltage.
(2)

1 . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2 . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Total for Question 1 = 7 marks)
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4 Pearson Edexcel International GCSE in Physics (Modular) (4XPH1) – Sample Assessment Materials
42
*S81548A0424*Issue 1 – March 2024 © Pearson Education Limited 2024
 2 (a) Technetium-99m has a half-life of 6 hours and can be used as a medical tracer.
It is injected into a patient’s blood and moves around the patient’s body.
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Technetium-99m emits gamma radiation, which is used to locate the position of

the tracer in the patient’s body.
(i) Technetium-99m does not exist naturally.
Suggest why technetium-99m is usually made at the hospital where it is used.
(1)

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(ii) Explain why technetium-99m is an effective isotope to use as a medical tracer.

(2)

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(b) The gamma radiation emitted by technetium-99m is potentially harmful to

humans.
Discuss the risks of using technetium-99m to doctors and to patients.
(3)

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(Total for Question 2 = 6 marks)

Pearson Edexcel International GCSE in Physics (Modular) (4XPH1) – Sample Assessment Materials 5
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Issue 1 – March 2024 © Pearson Education Limited 2024 *S81548A0524* Turn over
3 Lead-210 is a radioactive isotope of lead and is represented using this symbol.

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Pb
210
82

(a) State what is meant by the term isotope.

(2)

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(b) How many protons are in the nucleus of lead-210?

(1)

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82

B 128

C 210

D 292
(c) (i) A sample of lead-210 has an initial activity of 240 Bq.
After 66 years, the activity of the sample is 30 Bq.
Calculate the half-life of lead-210.
(2)

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half-life = ........................................................ . . . . . . years

6 Pearson Edexcel International GCSE in Physics (Modular) (4XPH1) – Sample Assessment Materials
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*S81548A0624*Issue 1 – March 2024 © Pearson Education Limited 2024
 (ii) Lead-210 decays into lead-206 through a number of stages.
This involves one alpha decay and a number of beta decays.
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This incomplete equation summarises these stages.

82Pb 82Pb + α + β
210 206 ................. 0
................. ................. –1

Complete the equation by giving the missing numbers.

Write your answers in the spaces provided.
(2)
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(Total for Question 3 = 7 marks)

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Pearson Edexcel International GCSE in Physics (Modular) (4XPH1) – Sample Assessment Materials 7
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*S81548A0724*
Issue 1 – March 2024 © Pearson Education Limited 2024
Turn over
4 This question is about astrophysics.
(a) The table lists some statements about the universe.

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Place ticks () in the table to show which statements support the Big Bang
theory.
(2)

Statement Supports the

Big Bang theory
black holes are formed from extremely
massive stars
cosmic microwave background radiation
is detected in all directions
cosmic rays from space are detected at
the Earth’s surface in all directions

each galaxy contains billions of stars

most galaxies show a red-shift in the

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light detected from them

(b) The sun will become a red giant star when it leaves the main sequence.
Which row correctly describes how the surface temperature and brightness of the
Sun will change when it becomes a red giant?
(1)
Surface temperature Brightness

A decreases decreases

B decreases increases

C increases decreases
D increases increases
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(c) Astronomical objects can be classified by their absolute magnitude.

State what is meant by the term absolute magnitude.
(2)

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(Total for Question 4 = 5 marks)

8 Pearson Edexcel International GCSE in Physics (Modular) (4XPH1) – Sample Assessment Materials
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*S81548A0824*Issue 1 – March 2024 © Pearson Education Limited 2024
 5 (a) (i) State the formula linking input power and output power for a transformer.
(1)
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(ii) The step-down transformer has an input voltage of 275 kV and an output
voltage of 230 V.
The transformer has an output current of 95 A.
Calculate the input current to the transformer.
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Assume the transformer is 100% efficient.

(3)

input current = ............................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A

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Pearson Edexcel International GCSE in Physics (Modular) (4XPH1) – Sample Assessment Materials 9
47
*S81548A0924*
Issue 1 – March 2024 © Pearson Education Limited 2024
Turn over
 (b) Explain how transformers are useful in the large-scale transmission of electricity.
You may draw a diagram to support your answer.

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(5)

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(Total for Question 5 = 9 marks)

10 Pearson Edexcel International GCSE in Physics (Modular) (4XPH1) – Sample Assessment Materials
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*S81548A01024* Issue 1 – March 2024 © Pearson Education Limited 2024
 6 (a) (i) Which of these coloured stars has the highest temperature?
(1)
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A orange

B red

C white

D yellow
(ii) Which of these is the stage nearest the end of the life cycle of a star with a
mass much greater than the Sun?
(1)
A main sequence

B protostar

C supernova

D white dwarf
(b) The Sun is a main sequence star.
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(i) In the Sun, hydrogen nuclei are changed into helium nuclei, releasing energy.
Name the process that changes hydrogen into helium.
(1)

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(ii) Describe the evolution of the Sun when it leaves the main sequence.
(2)

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 (c) The Sun’s core has a mass of approximately 7 × 1029 kg.
Approximately 75% of the mass of the core is hydrogen.

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(i) Calculate the approximate mass of hydrogen in the Sun’s core.
(1)

mass of hydrogen = ................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kg

(ii) When most of the hydrogen nuclei in the Sun’s core have been changed into
helium nuclei the Sun will leave the main sequence.
The Sun’s core loses approximately 9 × 1019 kg of hydrogen each year.

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Estimate the time until the Sun leaves the main sequence.
Give your answer to one significant figure.
(2)

time = ........................................................ . . . . . . years

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12 Pearson Edexcel International GCSE in Physics (Modular) (4XPH1) – Sample Assessment Materials
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*S81548A01224* Issue 1 – March 2024 © Pearson Education Limited 2024
 (d) Diagram 3 shows the orbit of a comet around a star.
Draw a labelled arrow on diagram 3 to show the force acting on the comet due to
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the star.
(2)

not to scale

comet

star
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Diagram 3
(Total for Question 6 = 10 marks)
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*S81548A01324*
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7 Diagram 4 shows a coil wire, WXYZ, positioned between the opposite poles of
a magnet.

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The arrows show the direction of the current in the coil.

axle

X Y

N S

W Z

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Diagram 4
(a) Draw arrows on diagram 4 to show the direction of the forces that act on the coil
due to the magnet.
(2)
(b) Explain the motion of the coil of wire.
Refer to magnetic fields in your answer.
(4)

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14 Pearson Edexcel International GCSE in Physics (Modular) (4XPH1) – Sample Assessment Materials
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*S81548A01424* Issue 1 – March 2024 © Pearson Education Limited 2024
 (c) Explain how the motion of the coil will change if the current is increased.
(2)
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(Total for Question 7 = 8 marks)

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Pearson Edexcel International GCSE in Physics (Modular) (4XPH1) – Sample Assessment Materials 15
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8 (a) Describe an experiment to determine the refractive index of a glass block.
In your answer you should include:

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• a labelled diagram
• the apparatus needed
• the method used
(6)

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16 Pearson Edexcel International GCSE in Physics (Modular) (4XPH1) – Sample Assessment Materials
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*S81548A01624* Issue 1 – March 2024 © Pearson Education Limited 2024
 (b) Give two uses of total internal reflection.
(2)
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(Total for Question 8 = 8 marks)

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Pearson Edexcel International GCSE in Physics (Modular) (4XPH1) – Sample Assessment Materials 17
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Issue 1 – March 2024 © Pearson Education Limited 2024 *S81548A01724* Turn over
9 This question is about waves.
(a) Diagram 5 represents a wave.

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Diagram 5
(i) Determine the amplitude of the wave by measuring it with a ruler.
(1)

amplitude = .................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . cm
(ii) Determine the wavelength of the wave by measuring it with a ruler.
(1)

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wavelength = .................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . cm
(b) Microwaves are part of the electromagnetic spectrum.
(i) Name the part of the electromagnetic spectrum that has a lower frequency
than microwaves.
(1)

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(ii) Microwaves travel at a speed of 3.0 × 108 m/s in the air.

A microwave has the wavelength of 2.7 cm.
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[wave speed = frequency × wavelength]

(3)

frequency = ................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hz

18 Pearson Edexcel International GCSE in Physics (Modular) (4XPH1) – Sample Assessment Materials
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*S81548A01824* Issue 1 – March 2024 © Pearson Education Limited 2024
 (c) A student uses a microwave source and a receiver to investigate microwaves.
Photograph 1 shows how the student sets up their apparatus.
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microwave
source receiver analogue meter

ruler

Photograph 1
The meter shows the strength of the microwaves detected by the receiver.
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The strength of the microwaves is measured in arbitrary units.

The student varies the distance between the microwave source and the receiver,
and records the meter readings.
(i) Photograph 2 shows the analogue meter for one of the readings.
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Photograph 2
Give the reading on the analogue meter.
(1)

reading = .............................................................. arbitrary units

Pearson Edexcel International GCSE in Physics (Modular) (4XPH1) – Sample Assessment Materials 19
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*S81548A01924*
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 (ii) The graph shows the results of the student’s investigation.
100

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80

Meter 60
readings
in arbitrary
units 40

20

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0
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Distance in cm

The student concludes that the meter reading is inversely proportional to the
distance between the microwave source and the receiver.
To be inversely proportional
meter reading × distance = constant
Comment on the student’s conclusion.
You should use data from the graph in your answer.
(4)

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(Total for Question 9 = 11 marks)

20 Pearson Edexcel International GCSE in Physics (Modular) (4XPH1) – Sample Assessment Materials
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*S81548A02024* Issue 1 – March 2024 © Pearson Education Limited 2024
 10 (a) Describe an investigation to determine the speed of sound.
You may draw a diagram to help your answer.
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(5)
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 (b) A microphone is connected to an oscilloscope.
A sound is detected by the microphone.

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Diagram 6 shows the oscilloscope trace.

Oscilloscope settings
y direction: 1 square = 0.1 V
x direction: 1 square = 5.0 ms

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Diagram 6
(i) Determine the period of the sound wave.
(3)

period = ............................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . s
(ii) Calculate the frequency of the sound wave.
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(2)

frequency = .................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . Hz.

(Total for Question 10 = 10 marks)

22 Pearson Edexcel International GCSE in Physics (Modular) (4XPH1) – Sample Assessment Materials
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*S81548A02224* Issue 1 – March 2024 © Pearson Education Limited 2024
 11 (a) Scientific balloons are tested in a laboratory before they are used.
In the first test the pressure of the air inside the balloon is 120 kPa.
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The balloon is sealed and has a volume of 92 m3.

(i) The pressure of the air inside the balloon is reduced to 64 kPa by reducing the
external air pressure.
Calculate the new volume of the balloon.
(2)

volume = ................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . m3
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(ii) Give an assumption that is made in the calculation.

(1)

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(b) The pressure of the air in the balloon is returned to 120 kPa.
The temperature of the air inside the balloon is 290 K.
The balloon is tested again, changing the temperature of the air and keeping the
volume of the balloon constant.
(i) Explain why the pressure of the air in the balloon decreases when the
temperature of the air decreases.
(3)

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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 (ii) Calculate the temperature of the air when the pressure of the air in the
balloon is 64 kPa.

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Give your answer in kelvin.
(3)

temperature = ............................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . K
(Total for Question 11 = 9 marks)

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TOTAL FOR UNIT = 90 MARKS

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24 Pearson Edexcel International GCSE in Physics (Modular) (4XPH1) – Sample Assessment Materials
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*S81548A02424* Issue 1 – March 2024 © Pearson Education Limited 2024
 Physics Unit 2 (Modular)
Mark Scheme

Question Answer Notes Mark

Number
1(a) N on left pole and S on right pole; allow north for N and 1
south for S
ignore attempt at labelling
poles on far sides of
magnets

Question Answer Notes Mark

Number
1(b) idea that steel is a hard magnetic material; allow steel keeps its 1
magnetism/magnetic field
allow steel is hard to
demagnetise

Question Answer Notes Mark

Number
1(c) any two from: allow equivalent 2
statements
MP1. (field) lines are straight;
MP2. (field) lines are evenly spaced;
MP3. (field) lines are parallel;

Question Answer Notes Mark

Number
1(d)(i) idea that wire cuts magnetic field lines; allow wire passes 1
through field lines
ignore wire interacting
with field lines

Question Answer Notes Mark

Number
1(d)(ii) any two from: 2
MP1. move wire faster;
MP2. move magnets closer together;
MP3. use stronger magnets; ignore “bigger” magnets
MP4. turn wire into a coil; ignore more turns on the
coil

Question Answer Notes Mark

Number
2(a)(i) idea that it decays very quickly / activity will be ignore ‘it has a short half- 1
zero by the time it is injected / there will be no life’
technetium-99m left;

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 Question Answer Notes Mark
Number
2(a)(ii) any one from: 2
• idea that gamma can penetrate out of the
body;
• idea that gamma can be detected outside
the body; marks must be from
separate lists

any one from:

• idea that half-life is long enough to
complete the procedure; allow idea that technetium
• idea that activity will fall to safe level in a will not be in body for very
day / quickly; long

Question Answer Notes Mark

Number
2(b) harmful effect of gamma radiation given; e.g. 3
• cancer
• cell damage
• cell mutation
allow suggestion that risk
idea that patient will have procedure very to patients is higher as
rarely / only when necessary (so risk is low); they receive greater dose
allow idea that doctor
idea that doctor will administer procedure increases distance from
regularly (so risk is higher) / doctor limits time patient (to reduce risk)
exposure to patient (to reduce risk);

Question Answer Notes Mark

Number
3(a) (nuclei with) the same number of protons; allow same atomic 2
number / same element
(but) different number of neutrons; allow different nucleon
/ mass number /atomic
mass

Question Answer Mark

Number
3(b) The only correct answer is A (82); 1

B is incorrect because this is the number of neutrons

C is incorrect because this is the number of nucleons
D is incorrect because this is double the proton number + nucleon number

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 Question Answer Notes Mark
Number
3(c)(i) evidence of 3 half-lives; seen anywhere in working 2

correct evaluation;
e.g.
240 ÷ 23 = 30
66 ÷ 3 = 22 (years)

Question Answer Notes Mark

Number
3(c)(ii) correct atomic and mass numbers used for seen anywhere in working 2
alpha particle;
correct evaluation of number of beta particles;

e.g.
atomic number of alpha = 2, mass number = 4
(therefore) 2 beta decays (to get back to 82)

Question Answer Mark

Number
4(a) 2

1 mark for each correct tick;

-1 for each additional tick if more than two ticks seen
5 ticks scores zero

Question Answer Mark

Number
4(b) The only correct answer is B (decreases, increases); 1 1

A is incorrect because a red giant is more powerful than a main sequence

star
C is incorrect because a red giant is cooler and more powerful than a main
sequence star
D is incorrect because a red giant is cooler than a main sequence star

Question Answer Notes Mark

Number
4(c) the brightness/luminosity (of an object); 2 2
idea of a standard distance; allow 10 parsecs/32(.6)
light years
condone incorrect
distance

Pearson Edexcel International GCSE in Physics (Modular) (4XPH1) – Sample Assessment Materials 65
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 Question Answer Notes Mark
Number
5(a)(i) input power = output power; allow 1
• formula in words or
OR symbols
• standard
abbreviations: i.e.
s, p, in, out, 1, 2
primary voltage × primary current =
secondary voltage × secondary current;

Question Answer Notes Mark

Number
5(a)(ii) substitution; 3
rearrangement;
evaluation; -1 for POT error
79.45…(A) scores 2 marks
e.g.
275 000 × Ip = 230 × 95
(Ip =) 230 × 95 / 275 000
(Ip =) 0.079 (A) allow 0.07945…

Question Answer Notes Mark

Number
5(b) any five from: allow any mark if clear 5
MP1. step-up transformer used before from diagram
transmission;
MP2. voltage is increased before
transmission;
MP3. current is reduced before transmission;
MP4. less heating in transmission cables;
MP5. less energy wasted in transmission
cables;
MP6. step-down transformer used after
transmission;
MP7. voltage is decreased after transmission
for safety;

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 Question Answer Mark
Number
6(a)(i) The only correct answer is C (white); 1

A is incorrect because its temperature is the second lowest

B is incorrect because its temperature is the lowest
D is incorrect because its temperature is the second highest

Question Answer Mark

Number
6(a)(ii) The only correct answer is C (supernova); 1

A is incorrect because the main sequence is not at the end of the stars life
B is incorrect because a protostar is not at the end of the stars life
D is incorrect because the star is too massive enough to form a white dwarf

Question Answer Mark

Number
6(b)(i) (nuclear) fusion; 1

Question Answer Notes Mark

Number
6(b)(ii) Sun becomes a red giant; 2

(then) a white dwarf; allow planetary nebula

reject mention of
supernova, neutron star or
black hole for this mark

Question Answer Notes Mark

Number
6(c)(i) (mass =) 5 x 1029 (kg); Allow 5.3 x 1029, 1
5.2 x 1029,
5.25 x 1029 (kg)

Question Answer Notes Mark

Number
6(c)(ii) evaluation of time; allow ecf from (c)(i) 2
answer to 1 significant figure;

e.g.
(time = 5.25 x 1029 / 9 x 1019 =) 5.8 x 109 allow 5.56 x 109 (years)
(years) allow 6 000 000 000,
(time =) 6 x 109 (years) 6 billion years

Pearson Edexcel International GCSE in Physics (Modular) (4XPH1) – Sample Assessment Materials 67
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 Question Answer Notes Mark
Number
6(d) arrow pointing from the comet to the star; accept any arrow pointing 2
from comet to star within
shaded area ignore
starting position of arrow
allow ‘gravity’ or ‘weight’

force labelled ‘gravitational’;

Question Answer Mark

Number
7(a) arrows drawn on sides WX and YZ one up, one down; 2 2
arrow on WX down, arrow on YZ up;

Question Answer Notes Mark

Number
7(b) any four from: 4
MP1. magnetic field around the wire;
MP2. interaction between this field and the allow magnetic field
field from the magnet; overlap
MP3. (produces) a force on wire / coil;
MP4. forces on opposite sides of the coil are
in opposite directions; also scores MP3
MP5. coil starts to rotate;
allow coil rotates / turns /
spins

Question Answer Notes Mark

Number
7(c) force (on wire/coil) increases; allow strong magnetic field 2
around wire/coil
(therefore) rotation speed is greater; allow coil spins faster

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 Question Answer Notes Mark
Number
8(a) any five from MP1-MP7: allow marking points from 6
diagram
apparatus:
MP1. method of creating thin beam of light; e.g. laser, ray box etc.
ignore torch
MP2. protractor;

method:
MP3. draw round the block;
MP4. shine light into the block at an angle to however expressed
the normal;
MP5. mark incident and refracted rays;
MP6. measure angles from the normal;

MP7. repeat for different angles of incidence;

PLUS

MP8. graph of sin(i) and sin(r) with n found allow simple use of
from gradient n=sin(i)/sin(r)

Question Answer Mark

Number
8(b) optical fibres; 2
named prismatic use e.g. cats eye reflector,
binoculars, periscope etc;

Question Answer Mark

Number
9(a)(i) amplitude in the range of 0.8 – 0.9 (cm); 1

Question Answer Mark

Number
9(a)(ii) wavelength in the range 3.9 – 4.0 (cm); 1

Question Answer Notes Mark

Number
9(b)(i) radio (waves); allow radio frequency 1
reject radioactive
(waves), radiation
(waves)

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 Question Answer Notes Mark
Number
9(b)(ii) substitution; allow wavelength 3
substitution in cm or m
rearrangement;
evaluation; -1 if POT error

e.g.
3.0 x 108 = frequency x 0.027
(frequency =) 3.0 x 108 / 0.027 allow 1.11…x 10
10
(Hz)
(frequency =) 1.1 x 1010 (Hz)

Question Answer Mark

Number
9(c)(i) 68; 1

Question Answer Notes Mark

Number
9(c)(ii) relationship is not inversely proportional; allow conclusion is 4
incorrect
correct calculation of constant for one pair of
readings
correct calculation of constant for second
pair of readings;
statement to show meter reading × distance
is not constant;

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 Question Answer Notes Mark
Number
10(a) any five from: a fully labelled diagram 5
can score all the marks
e.g.
MP1. outlines a viable method; • measuring time for a
known distance
• measuring wavelength
for a known frequency
e.g.
• at least 1m for
microphones/sound
MP2. realistic values suggested for sensors and
experiment to work; oscilloscope/data
logger method
• at least 100m for
seeing and hearing a
clap method
• at least 50m for wall
and echo method
wavelength measured
at least 10cm
e.g. stop clock, stopwatch,
ruler, tape measure,
oscilloscope, trundle
wheel, timer

e.g.
MP3. suitable measuring instrument named;
• start timing when see a
clap and stop when
hear it
MP4. further detail of setup; • clap by wall and time
how long for clap to
come back
• moving a microphone
until waveforms line up
on oscilloscope
• for echo method, idea
time and distance is
“there and back”
allow repeats AND
identifying anomalies

e.g. • speed = distance /

time • speed = frequency ×
wavelength
MP5. idea of repeats AND average;

MP6. Correct formula for described method;

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 Question Answer Notes Mark
Number
10(b)(i) period represented by 4 squares; allow ECF from wrong 3
number of squares if clear
in working
correct use of x-scale; -1 POT error
answer of 0.01, 0.04 (s)
scores 2 marks
correct evaluation;

e.g. allow 0.02(s)

period = 4 squares
period = 4 × 5.0 (×10-3) period = 20 ms = 2.0
× 10-2 (s)

Question Answer Notes Mark

Number
10(b)(ii) substitution into given formula; allow ECF from (i) 2

correct evaluation;

e.g.
frequency = 1 / 0.02
frequency = 50 (Hz)

Question Answer Notes Mark

Number
11(a)(i) rearrangement OR substitution into given 2
formula;
evaluation;

e.g.
V2 = p1 × V1 / p2 OR 120 × 92 = 64 × V2
(volume =) 170 (m3) allow 172, 173, 172.5

Question Answer Notes Mark

Number
11(a)(ii) constant temperature / amount of air / mass of however expressed 1
air; e.g. number of particles
constant

Question Answer Notes Mark

Number
11(b)(i) any three from: 3
MP1. (reduction in temperature) reduces
speed/KE of particles;
MP2. idea of fewer collisions with walls per
unit time; allow particles collide
MP3. idea of each collision with wall being with walls less often
less ‘hard’;
MP4. force (per unit area) on the container
decreases;

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 Question Answer Notes Mark
Number
11(b)(ii) substitution into given formula; 3
rearrangement;
evaluation;

e.g.
120 / 290 = 64 / T2
T2 = (64 × 290) / 120
(temperature =) 150 (K) allow 155, 154.6… (K)

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Issue 1 – March 2024 © Pearson Education Limited 2024
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