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16 views3 pages

DCN1

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aribsial
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Bahria University

Lahore Campus
Department of Computer Sciences

DATA COMMUNICATION & NETWORKING


ASSIGNMENT # 01
Instructor Name: Ms. Nadia Shakir
Program: BSCS
Semester: 4th
Name: Muhammad Arib Razzaq
R.No: 03-134231-039

CLO1: Understand basic principles and functionalities of Data Communication and Networks

1. In the TCP/IP protocol suite, what are the identical objects at the sender and the
receiver sites when we think about the logical connection at the application layer?

ANS:

In the TCP/IP protocol suite, the identical objects at the sender and the receiver sites are the
messages (or data) being exchanged between the two applications. At the application layer,
both the sender and receiver are concerned with the same message content being transmitted
across the network. These messages may be segmented, encapsulated, and processed
differently by lower layers, but from the application layer's perspective, the focus is on
delivering the same data content between the two communicating parties.

2. A device is sending out data at the rate of 1000 bps. a. How long does it take to send out
10 bits? b. How long does it take to send out a single character (8 bits)? c. How long
does it take to send a file of 100,000 characters?

ANS:
Number of bits
Time = Data Rate

a) For 10 bits:

10 bits
Time =
1000 bps
Time = 0.01 seconds

b) For 8 bits:

8 bits
Time =
1000 bps
Time = 0.008 seconds

c) For 100,000 characters

Each character is 8 bits, so the total number of bits for 100,000 characters is:

100,000 x 8 = 800,000 bits

8 00,000 bits
Time =
1000 bps
Time = 800 seconds

3. What is the function of the twisting in twisted-pair cable?

ANS:

Twisted-pair cables are made up of pairs of wires that are twisted together. This twisting helps
to reduce interference, which is like noise that can disrupt the signals traveling through the
cables. Because of this, twisted-pair cables are commonly used for connecting devices to
networks, such as computers, phones, and modems.
4. What is the difference between omnidirectional waves and unidirectional waves?

Omnidirectional waves Unidirectional waves


Omnidirectional waves radiate equally in all Unidirectional waves radiate primarily in one
directions from the source. direction, focusing energy along a specific
path.
These waves spread out in a spherical or These waves are concentrated in a certain
circular pattern, meaning the signal strength direction, creating a beam-like pattern. The
is distributed uniformly in every direction signal is stronger in that direction and weaker
around the transmitter. or negligible in other directions.
Radio broadcasts (AM/FM) use TV antennas and satellite dishes use
omnidirectional antennas to ensure that the unidirectional transmission to focus the signal
signal reaches receivers in all directions from in one direction for better reception and less
the transmitter. interference.

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