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Chapter 2

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10 views4 pages

Chapter 2

I want to free download pdf

Uploaded by

amerofficialy
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Research Hypothesis(es)

1.Reference

Therefore, it is crucial to investigate the effects of different levels of organic and

inorganic fertilizers on the growth and yield of okra. Previous research on okra

cultivation has primarily examined the impact of organic and/or inorganic fertilizers

on the growth and yield of a single okra variety(Khandaker et al., 2017; Aluko et al.,

2020, Unagwu et al., 2021 Kumar et al., 2023). This narrow scope has created a gap

in understanding how these fertilizers interact with multiple okra varieties under

controlled conditions.

2.Reference

Mineral fertilizers provide a quick boost to plant growth and yield but do not

guarantee the long-term sustainability of agricultural production (Bhandari et al.,

2019). The amount of fertilizer applied was based on the calculated nutrient needs of

okra. Following the recommendation by the Nepal Agricultural Research Council

(NARC), the suggested application rate is 200:180:60 kg of NPK per hectare

(Bhandari et al., 2019).

3.Reference

Jamkatel et al. (2020) found that different fertilizer doses produced varying yields,

with poultry manure yielding the highest and untreated control plots yielding the

lowest. The increase in okra yield was attributed to higher fresh pod weight, driven by

the application of poultry manure. This manure improved soil nutrient availability and

water retention, enhancing the overall nutrient status of the soil (Najah et al., 2021).
4.Reference

Indeed, Okra pods are rich in protein, making nitrogen essential for their

development. Studies indicate that nitrogen fertilizer positively influences fresh

yield, plant height, fruit production, and leaf count (Sumona et al., 2022). However,

the combined use of nitrogen and phosphorus shows no significant effect on plant

growth or yield, as each nutrient functions independently without influencing the

other (Sumona et al., 2022). Proper timing and adequate nitrogen application play a

crucial role in promoting cell division, foliage growth, flowering density, and

photosynthesis. When specific nutrients become deficient in the soil, Okra plants

exhibit symptoms that guide farmers in replenishing the soil.

5.Reference

Similarly, Khandaker et al. (2017) emphasized the importance of nitrogen (N) and

phosphorus (P) fertilizers in improving plant development, chlorophyll production,

and chemical composition, all of which contribute to the yield and quality of okra.

6.Reference

Organic amendments enhance soil's physical properties, such as aeration and water

retention, both of which are crucial for pod development. Shampazuraini et al. (2023)

found that these organic inputs improved soil structure, resulting in increased okra

pod weight. Similarly, Ghani et al. (2022) reported that applying organic amendments

significantly boosted plant biomass and fruit yield in okra. Enriching the soil with

organic matter, therefore, can promote higher biomass production and lead to heavier

pods.
8.Reference

The treatments included combinations of organic manure and inorganic fertilizer.

These were as follows: cow dung with 50% nitrogen from urea, buffalo manure with

urea, and a third treatment combining 50% nitrogen from buffalo manure with 50%

nitrogen from urea. Another treatment involved goat manure with urea, while the

fourth treatment applied 50% nitrogen from goat manure and 50% from urea. The

final treatment used 25% nitrogen from goat manure, 25% from buffalo manure, and

50% from urea. The quantities of both organic and inorganic fertilizers were

determined based on the recommended nutrient requirements for okra by the Nepal

Agricultural Research Council (NARC), set at N:P:K = 200:180:60 kg/ha (Bhandari

et al., 2019). The nitrogen content in the organic manures used followed values

established by Sharma et al. (2022).

9.Reference

Depending on soil fertility, nitrogen application rates for okra range from 80 to 150

kg/ha (Moench et al., 2020). However, the Nepal Agricultural Research Council

(NARC) recommends a higher rate of 200 kg/ha for optimal okra production

(Bhandari et al., 2019). Nitrogen requirements vary significantly based on soil

conditions, climate, and the specific cultivar grown.

10.Reference

The actual amounts of treatments were determined based on the nutrient requirements

for okra, following the fertilizer recommendations provided by the Nepal Research

Council (NARC), which suggest 200:180:60 kg of NPK per hectare (Bhandari et al.,
2019). Additionally, the nitrogen content in various organic manures was estimated

using data from the organic manure analysis report by Sharma et al. (2022).

Reference:

1.Adewale, E.F.; Efisue, A.A. and Adewale, C.I. (2024). Investigation the Influence

of Inorganic and Organic fertilizers on the Growth and Yield of Three Varieties of

Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) VJAS 2024; 7(3): 2195-2207.

https://doi.org/10.31817/VJAS.2024.7.3.02

2.Adhikari, S.P.; Gyawali, C. (2024). Comparative analysis of manures and fertilizer

on okra Growth, yield and its economics in Baitadi, Nepal. Archives of Agriculture

and Environmental Science, 9(3), 422-430,

https://dx.doi.org/10.26832/24566632.2024.090303

3.

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