PHYSICSJEE BOOKLET

UNIT4
CIRCULAR MOTION

CATJEE
BETTER EDUCATION THROUGH RESEARCH

CATJEE, Near Akashwani, Raman Niwas, Mahmoorganj, Varanasi. Ph: (0542) 2363455 Web: www.catjee.in
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CIRCULAR MOTION [UNIT4]

CONTENTS
1. Introduction............................................................................................................................................ [2]

2. Object Moving on Curved Path.............................................................................................................. [2]

2.1 Tangential Acceleration................................................................................................................... [2]

2.2 Radial Acceleration.......................................................................................................................... [2]

3. Circular Motion ..................................................................................................................................... [3]

3.1 Uniform Circular Motion ................................................................................................................ [3]

4. Curved Motion as approximation of circular motion ............................................................................ [4]

5. Angular variables................................................................................................................................... [5]

5.1 Angular Displacement...................................................................................................................... [5]

5.2 Angular velocity............................................................................................................................... [5]

5.3 Average Angular Acceleration......................................................................................................... [6]

5.4 Instantaneous Angular Acceleration................................................................................................ [6]

6. Equations of motion in angular form .................................................................................................... [6]

7. Relation between linear and angular variables ..................................................................................... [8]

INCHAPTER EXERCISE1 ............................................................................................................. [9]

8. Dynamics of circular Motion ................................................................................................................ [13]

8.1 Uniform Circular Motion .................................................................................................................[13]

8.2 Non-Uniform Circular Motion.......................................................................................................... [13]

9. Banking of tracks.................................................................................................................................... [17]

9.1 Smooth banked track ........................................................................................................................ [17]
9.2 Rough banked track.......................................................................................................................... [18]
9.2.1 For maximum speed....................................................................................................................... [18]
9.2.2 For minimum speed...................................................................................................................... [18]
INCHAPTER EXERCISE2.............................................................................................................. [20]
Exercise-1 ……………………………………………………………………………………………. [25]
Exercise-2 [PYQ] ……………………………………………………………………………………. [29]
Exercise-3 …………………………………………………………………………………………….. [37]

CATJEE, Raman Niwas, Near Aakashvani, Mahmoorganj, Varanasi. Ph. (0542)–2363455, website www.catjee.in
 [2]

1. Introduction
Circular motion is the type of motion in which a particle moves keeping its separation constant from a
fixed point. Various examples of such motions are: motion of particles of a ceiling fan or needles of a wall
clock. In this chapter we will discuss about the motion of particles on such circular paths as well as other
curved paths, along with dynamics of their motions.

2. Object Moving on Curved Path

When the directions of instantaneous acceleration of the particle and direction of its instantaneous velocity
lie along same line, the particle follows straight line path. In all other circumstances the particle follows
curved path. To analyze motion of such particles moving on curved paths, the acceleration vector of the
particle is resolved in the direction of velocity (tangential acceleration) and perpendicular to direction of
velocity (radial or centripetal acceleration) as shown in following diagram:

ar= a sin
a

at= a cos

If tangential and radial components of velocities are ar and at, the magnitude of acceleration a is:
a  at 2  ar 2
The dimensional formula and SI unit of tangential and radial accelerations are same as that of acceleration.
2.1 Tangential Acceleration: The component of acceleration (at) in the direction of velocity at any
instant is called its tangential acceleration. In other words, the tangential component of
acceleration of a particle is that component of acceleration which lies along tangent to the path
followed by the particle at that moment. Tangential acceleration of the particle is responsible for

change in magnitude of the velocity vector at any instant. If is the angle between acceleration a

and velocity v for a particle, then

dv
at  a cos 
dt
2.2 Radial Acceleration: The component of acceleration (ar) perpendicular to instantaneous velocity
of the particle is called its normal acceleration. The normal acceleration changes the direction of
velocity vector only.

at  a sin 

CATJEE, Raman Niwas, Near Aakashvani, Mahmoorganj, Varanasi. Ph. (0542)–2363455, website www.catjee.in
 [3]

3. Circular Motion
Circular motion is a specific kind of curved motion. If a particle moves in a circle with constant speed, the
motion is called uniform circular motion; otherwise the motion is non-uniform circular motion.
3.1 Uniform Circular Motion: In such kind of motion, since the speed remains constant, tangential
acceleration of the particle (rate of change of speed) remains zero. Consider one such kind of
circular motion in which particle moves with speed v in a circle of radius r. To find radial
acceleration of a particle we will consider a time t in which particle travels a length vt and
v t
hence covers angle about centre of the given circle. This is shown in following diagram:
r

v  v

v

v  v v
 v 
R

From diagram we may conclude,

v v tan   

t t
Considering the time interval t to be small,

v  d 
ar 
dt
v  ds 
ar   
dt  R 
v2
ar 
R
Since this acceleration is perpendicular to the velocity therefore it is called normal acceleration. It
is also called centripetal acceleration because it is always directed towards the centre of the circle.

Example 1: A stone, tied to the end of a string 80cm long, is whirled in a horizontal circle with a constant
speed. If the stone makes 5 revolutions in 10s, what is the magnitude and direction of acceleration
of the stone?
Solution: Here speed v of the particle is given by,

5  2  80cm 
v  2.5m/s
10s
Acceleration of the particle under such uniform circular motion is given by:

CATJEE, Raman Niwas, Near Aakashvani, Mahmoorganj, Varanasi. Ph. (0542)–2363455, website www.catjee.in
 [4]

v 2  2.5m/s 
a=   7.8m/s 2 (Towards centre)
R 0.8m
Now Solve: By what factor will this acceleration change if the same number of revolutions is completed in half
the given time?
Answer: Four times

Example 2: A particle moves in a circle of radius 20 cm. Its linear speed is given by v  2t , where t is in
second and v is in m/s. Find the radial and tangential accelerations at t = 3 s.
Solution: Tangential acceleration atis:

dv
at   2m/s 2
dt

After 3s, speed of the particle is 6m/s. Hence radial acceleration ar is:

v 2  6m/s 
2

ar    180m/s2
r  0.2m 
Now Solve: Find the angle between acceleration vector of the particle and the velocity vector of the particle.
 1 
Answer: tan 1  
 90 

Example 3: The Moon is approximately 3.824 x 105 km from the centre of the Earth and requires 27.3 days for
each revolution around it. What is the radial acceleration of the Moon?

Solution: Here radius of the circular motion of earth around sun is r  3.824  108 m

And the time Period T  27.3days  27.386400s   2.358 106 s

The centripetal acceleration of the earth is given by:

 
v 2  4 2 r 2   1   39.48  3.824  108  m/s 2 = 0.0027 m/s2
ac    2     2  
r  T   r   2.358  106
   
Now Solve: If velocity of moon somehow becomes zero relative to earth, with what acceleration will Moon
start to move after it is released from rest?
Answer: 0.0027m/s2

4. Curved Motion as approximation of circular motion

A curve at a point can be considered as a part of a circle in same plane as that of the curve. The radius of
circle which best fits the curve at that point is called radius of curvature of the curve at that point. The
small portion of a curve around a particular point can be assumed as the part of a circle. A particle passing
through such a curve can be considered to perform circular motion with radius equal to radius of curvature
of the curve at that point.

CATJEE, Raman Niwas, Near Aakashvani, Mahmoorganj, Varanasi. Ph. (0542)–2363455, website www.catjee.in
 [5]

5. Angular variables
For quantification of angle covered by a particle about a point, we define following physical quantities:
5.1 Angular Displacement: A particle which moves from point A to point B, then angular
displacement of the particle about another point O is the angle measured from ray OA to ray OB.
The SI unit for its measurement is radian (rad).

A B



O
For a particle moving in a circle of radius r which covers a distance dl in time dt, the angular
displacement is:

r
dl
d

dl
d 
r
This infinitesimal angular displacement is a vector quantity with its direction perpendicular to
plane of the circle. The direction is determined by curling our right hand four fingers in the sense
of circular motion and then observing the direction of opening of thumb of the same hand. In other
words, for clockwise rotation the direction of angular displacement is going in to the plane of the
paper  while for counter clockwise rotation it is coming out of the plane of the paper . Hence
in terms of vectors,

r  dl
d  2
r

5.2 Angular velocity: Angular velocity of a particle about a point O is defined as the rate at which
angular displacement is covered by the particle about point O. It is measured in SI unit of rad/s.

The direction of angular velocity  is same as that of the infinitesimal angular displacement d .
Mathematically,

d

dt

CATJEE, Raman Niwas, Near Aakashvani, Mahmoorganj, Varanasi. Ph. (0542)–2363455, website www.catjee.in
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5.3 Average Angular Acceleration: Average angular acceleration of the object is defined as the
change in angular velocity divided by the time interval during which the change in angular
velocity occurred



t
5.4 Instantaneous Angular Acceleration: The average acceleration in an infinitesimally small time
interval is called instantaneous angular acceleration.

 d 
  lim 
t 0 t dt
Angular acceleration is a vector quantity directed in the direction of the change in angular velocity.
The SI unit of angular acceleration is rad/s2.

6. Equations of motion in angular form

The three equations of motion developed for linear motion can be modified for angular variables of motion
as:

 f  i   t
  i t  1 2  t 2
 f 2  i 2  2

Here the symbols have usual meaning with subscript i and f representing initial and final variables. These
equations are valid only for motion of the particle with constant angular accelerations. In other cases,
required integration or differentiation is to be performed to obtain equation of motion.
Example 4: The blades of airplane propeller are rotating at the rate of 600 rpm. Calculate the angular velocity
in rad/s.
Solution: Here rpm stands for revolutions per minute. Thus angular velocity  is given as:
  600rpm 10rps  10  2  rad/s  20 rad/s
Now Solve: If rpm is considered SI unit of angular velocity, what will be SI unit of angular acceleration?
Answer: rev/min2
Example 5: A particle is moving with constant speed in a circle as shown in figure. Find the angular velocity
of the particle A with respect to fixed point B and C if angular velocity with respect to O is .

r 
B r A
C O

Solution: Angular velocity of A with respect to O is

AO 
 vA, O   v  
rAO r

CATJEE, Raman Niwas, Near Aakashvani, Mahmoorganj, Varanasi. Ph. (0542)–2363455, website www.catjee.in
 [7]

Therefore, the angular velocity of the particle A about point B is given by:

AB 
 vA, B   v  
rAB 2r 2

AC 
v 
A, C 

v 

and
rAC 3r 3
Now Solve: In the same example, find the angular velocity of the particle about point D in following diagram:
D

r A
O


Answer:
2
Example 6: A wheel rotates with a constant angular acceleration of 2.0 rad/s2. If the wheel starts from rest,
how many revolutions will it make in the first 10 seconds?
Solution: The angular displacement in the first 10 seconds is given by
1
  0t   t 2 
2
1
2
 2.0 rad/s 2  10s   100 rad
2

As the wheel turns by 2 radian in each revolution, the number of revolutions in 10 s is

100
n  16
2
Now Solve: What is the angular velocity of the wheel after completing 2 revolutions?
Answer: 4  rad/s

Example 7: A particle is performing uniform circular motion on a circular path of radius r with constant
angular velocity . Prove that its acceleration is always towards the centre and it has value  2 r .
Solution: Consider the particle to be moving on the following circular path starting with  = 0:

r


Position vector of the particle is given by:

r  r cos iˆ  r sin  ˆj …(i)
Now since particle covers the circle with constant angular velocity , the angle  rotated in time t
will be t. Thus the position vector can now be written as:
r  r cos  t iˆ  r sin t ˆj
To obtain velocity and acceleration, differentiation is to be performed as:
d r d  r cos t  ˆ d  r sin t  ˆ
v  i j
dt dt dt

CATJEE, Raman Niwas, Near Aakashvani, Mahmoorganj, Varanasi. Ph. (0542)–2363455, website www.catjee.in
 [8]

 v  r sin t  iˆ  r cos t  ˆj

d v d  r sin t  ˆ d  r cos t  ˆ
a  i j
dt dt dt
 a  r 2 cos t  iˆ  r 2 sin t  ˆj
Now it can be observed using equation (i) that,
a   2 r
Thus the acceleration for a particle moving in a circle, acceleration has a magnitude  2 r while it is
directed opposite to position of the particle relative to origin.
Now Solve: In this example, let angular velocity be increasing at constant rate of . Show that there will be an
extra term for acceleration of the particle from the result derived above. What is the direction of
this extra term in the final acceleration vector?

Answer: This extra term will have magnitude r and will be directed towards velocity of the particle.

7. Relation between linear and angular variables

For a particle moving in a circle of radius r, consider a time interval dtin which it covers a distance dl. The
angle covered by particle about centre of the circle is
dl
d  …(i)
r
Dividing both sides by time dt, we get
d 1 dl v
   …(ii)
dt r dt r
Now differentiating both sides with respect to time, we get
d  1 dv a
  t …(iii)
dt r dt r
Here  and atrepresents angular acceleration and tangential acceleration for the particle. The equations
(i), (ii) and (iii) represent relation between angular and linear variables of circular motion.
Example 8: The angular velocity of a particle moving in a circle of radius 50 cm is increased in 5 minutes from
100 rpm to 400 rpm. Find: (i) Angular acceleration (b) tangential acceleration.
Solution: (i) Angular acceleration can be determined by finding the rate of change of angular velocity.
Thus,
  0 2  v  v0  2  400 / 60  100 / 60  
   rad/s 2  rad/s 2
t t 5  60 30
(ii) Tangential acceleration is given by:
aT   R

   
 aT   0.50m   rad/s 2     m/s 2
 30   60 
Now Solve: By what amount, has the radial acceleration of the particle changed during these 5 minutes?
Answer: 821.9m/s2

CATJEE, Raman Niwas, Near Aakashvani, Mahmoorganj, Varanasi. Ph. (0542)–2363455, website www.catjee.in
 [9]

INCHAPTER EXERCISE1

Subjective
1. Find the angular velocity of A with respect to O at the instant shown in figure.
d v
A
d

O(fixed)

2. Two particles 1 and 2 move with velocities v1 and v 2 making the angles 1 and  2 with the line joining
them, respectively. Find angular velocity of 2 relative to 1, taking separation between the particles to be .
v2 2
2

1 v1
1
3. Particles A and B move with constant and equal angular speeds in a circle about O as shown in figure. Find
the angular velocity of the particle A with respect to B.
v

B O A
r

4. The angular velocity of a particle moving in a circle relative to the center of the circle is equal to . Find
the angular velocity of the particle relative to a point on the circular path.
5. A particle is moving with constant speed in a circle as shown in figure. Find the angular velocity of the
particle A with respect to fixed point B and C if angular velocity with respect to O is .
v
r
B r A
C O

6. What is the angular velocity in rad/s of the hour, minute and second hands of a clock?
7. The wheel of an automobile is rotating with 4 rotations per second. Find its angular velocity. If the radius
of the wheel is 50 cm, find the linear velocity of a point on its circumference.

CATJEE, Raman Niwas, Near Aakashvani, Mahmoorganj, Varanasi. Ph. (0542)–2363455, website www.catjee.in
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8. A disc of radius 10 cm is rotating about its axis at an angular speed of 20 rad/s. Find the linear speed of
(a) a point on the rim
(b) the middle point of a radius.
9. Find the magnitude of the acceleration of a particle moving in a circle of radius 10 cm with uniform speed
completing the circle in 4s.
10. For uniform circular motion, does the direction of centripetal acceleration depends upon the sense of
rotation?
11. A car is travelling along a circular curve that has a radius of 6 m. If its speed is 6 m/s and is increasing
uniformly at 8 m/s2, determine the magnitude of its acceleration at this instant.
12. Read each statement below carefully and state with reasons, if it is true or false.
(i) The net acceleration of a particle in the circular motion is always along the radius of the circle
towards the centre.
(ii) The velocity vector of a particle at a point is always along the tangent to the path of the particle at
that point.
(iii) The acceleration vector of a particle in uniform circular motion averaged over one cycle is a null
vector.
13. The wheel of a motor, accelerated uniformly from rest, rotates through 2.5 radian during the first second.
Find the angle rotated during the next second.
14. A wheel rotating with uniform angular acceleration covers 50 revolutions in the first five seconds after the
start. Find the angular acceleration and the angular velocity at the end of five seconds.
15. Find the angular velocity of a body rotating with an acceleration of 2 rev/s2 as it completes the 5th
revolution after the start.
16. A wheel starting from rest is uniformly accelerated at 4 rad/s 2 for 10 seconds. It is allowed to rotate
uniformly for the next 10 seconds and is finally brought to rest in the next 10 seconds. Find the total angle
rotated by the wheel.
17. If angular displacement of a particle moving in a circular path of radius ‘r’ is given as   t 2  t 3 ,
(i) Find time when the particle turns back.
(ii) Find out the angular displacement when the particle turns back.

18. Two satellites 1 and 2 orbiting with the time periods T1 and T2 , respectively, lie on the same line as shown
in figure. After what minimum time, again the satellites will remain on the same line? Assume that the two
satellites should lie in same side of the center of their concentric circular paths.

2
1

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 [11]

19. A particle is projected with a speed u at an angle  with the horizontal. What is the radius of curvature of

the parabola traced out by the projectile at a point, where the particle velocity makes an angle with the
2
horizontal?
20. A boy whirls a stone in a horizontal circle of radius 1.5 m and at height 2.0 m above level ground. The
string breaks, and the stone flies off horizontally and strikes the ground after travelling a horizontal
distance of 10 m. What is the magnitude of the centripetal acceleration of the stone while in circular
motion?
21. A particle moves in a circle of radius 2.0 cm at a speed given by v  4t , where v is in cm/s and t in
seconds.
(i) Find the tangential acceleration at t  1s.
(ii) Find total acceleration at t  1s.

22. A particle is moving on a circular path of radius ‘r’ such that is speed varies as v  kt 2 . Find out the time
(a) When acceleration vector is parallel to velocity vector
(b) When acceleration vector is perpendicular to velocity vector

(c) When acceleration vector and velocity vector are at an angle of 45.
23. A point moves along the arc of a circle of radius r. Its velocity (v) depends upon the distance (s) as
v   s , where  is a constant. Find the resultant acceleration and angle  between acceleration vector
and velocity vector as a function of s.
24. A stone is projected from a level ground at t  0 sec such that is horizontal and vertical components of
initial velocity are 10m/s and 20m/s respectively. Then what will be the instant of time at which magnitude
of tangential and magnitude of normal components of acceleration of stone are same? (neglect resistance)
g = 10 m/s2.
Objective:-
25. The angular speed of a fly wheel making 120 revolutions/minute is
(A) 2 rad / s (B) 4 2 rad / s (C)  rad / s (D) 4 rad / s

26. Two racing cars of masses m1 and m2 are moving in circles of radii r1 and r2 respectively. Their speeds
are such that each makes a complete circle in the same duration of time t . The ratio of the angular speed
of the first to the second car is
(A) m1 : m2 (B) r1 : r2 (C) 1 : 1 (D) m1r1 : m2 r2
27. In uniform circular motion, the velocity vector and acceleration vector are
(A) Perpendicular to each other (B) Same direction
(C) Opposite direction (D) Not related to each other

28. What is the value of linear velocity, if   3iˆ  4 ˆj  kˆ and r  5iˆ  6 ˆj  6kˆ

(A) 6iˆ  2 ˆj  3kˆ (B) 18iˆ  13 ˆj  2kˆ (C) 4iˆ  13 ˆj  6kˆ (D) 6iˆ  2 ˆj  8kˆ

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 [12]

29. A wheel is subjected to uniform angular acceleration about its axis. Initially its angular velocity is zero. In
the first 2s, it rotates through an angle 1 . In the next 2s, it rotates through an additional angle  2 . The

2
ratio of is
1
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 5

30. The angle turned by a body undergoing circular motion depends on time as   0  1t   2t 2 . Then the
angular acceleration of the body is
(A) 1 (B)  2 (C) 21 (D) 2 2

ANSWER KEY

Subjective:- 16. 800 rad

v 2 4
1. 17. (a) t  s , (B)   rad
2d 3 27
v1 sin 1  v2 sin  2 T1T2
2. 12  18. T'
l T1  T2
3.  u 2 cos 2 
19.
  
4. g cos3  
2 2

  20. 163m/s2
5. ,
2 3
21. (i) 4cm/s 2 , (ii) 4 5 cm/s 2
6. (i)  / 21, 600  rad/s, (ii)  /1800  rad/s, 1/ 3
 2r 
22. (a) t  0 ; (b) never ; (c) t   
(iii)  / 30  rad/s  k 

7. 8 rad/s, 4  m/s s2 1
23. 2  ,   tan 1  2s / r 
8. 2 m/s, 1 m/s r2 4
9. 2.5 cms2 24. t = 1 second.
10. No Objective:-

11. 10 m/s 2 25. (D)

26. (C)
12. (i) True, (ii) True, (iii) True
27. (A)
13. 7.5 rad
28. (B)
14. 4 rev/s2, 20 rev/s
29. (C)
15. 2 5 rev/s
30. (D)

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 [13]
8. Dynamics of circular Motion
When a body moves along a circular path with uniform speed, its direction changes continuously i.e.
velocity keeps on changing on account of a change in direction. According to Newton’s second law of
motion, a change in the direction of motion of the body can take place only if some external force acts on
the body. Following are few examples of circular motions along with the agents applying force towards the
centre:

Table: Centripetal force in different situation

Situation Centripetal Force

A particle tied to a string and whirled in a Tension in the string
horizontal circle
Vehicle taking a turn on a level road Frictional force exerted by the road on wheels
Revolution of earth around the sun Gravitational force exerted by the sun
Electron revolving around the nucleus in an atom Coulomb attraction exerted by the protons in the nucleus
A charged particle describing a circular path in a Magnetic force exerted by the agent that sets up the
magnetic field magnetic field

8.1 Uniform Circular Motion: Since tangential acceleration of a particle remains zero in uniform
circular motion, the component of force acting on the particle in the direction of velocity of the
particle will be zero. The force acting on a particle of mass m moving in a circular motion of radius r
with constant speed v is:
 v2 
F  m 
 r 
Such force acts towards the centre and hence is called centripetal force. This is to be noted that this is
just name of component of net force acting towards the centre of circular motion applied by other
agents. Thus this centripetal force needs not to be represented in free body diagram of a body in
circular motion.
8.2 Non-Uniform Circular Motion: In non uniform circular motion, radial as well as tangential
acceleration is also present. Thus force acting on particle under such motion has components along
velocity as well as perpendicular to velocity. These components are given by:
 v2 
F  m  
 r 
dv
F m
dt
Example 9: A string can withstand a tension of 25 N. What is the greatest speed at which a body of mass 0.5 kg
can be whirled in a circle using 0.5 m length of the string? Neglect the force of gravity on the body.
Solution: Let such maximum speed be v. Then the tension present in the string must be 25N. Using Newton’s
second law on the body,

25N 
 0.5kg  v 2
 0.5m 
0.5  25
 v m/s = 5 m/s
0.5
CATJEE, Raman Niwas, Near Aakashvani, Mahmoorganj, Varanasi. Ph. (0542)–2363455, website www.catjee.in
 [14]
Now Solve: What modifications in the string should be done, if the same body is to be rotated with 10m/s?
Answer: Length of the string should be quadrupled.
Example 10: For a car of mass m moving on a bridge with speed v determine the normal force acting on the car in
each of the following cases:
v
(ii)
(i) 
v


Concave bridge Convex bridge

Solution: (i) When car moves on a concave bridge then the corresponding free body diagram is as shown:
N

v mg cos

Concave bridge mg
mg sin

Now using Newton’s laws along normal to the surface,

mv 2
N  mg cos 
r
Thus the Normal force is given by:

mv 2
N  mg cos 
r
(ii) When car moves on a convex bridge then the corresponding free body diagram is as shown:
v N

 mg cos
Convex bridge
mg

mg sin
Now using Newton’s laws along normal to the surface,
mv 2
mg cos  N 
r
Thus the Normal force is given by:
mv 2
N  mg cos 
r
Now Solve: In which of the above two cases, the car is more likely to lose contact with the surface? What should
be minimum speed of the car such that car loses contact at the topmost or bottommost point?

CATJEE, Raman Niwas, Near Aakashvani, Mahmoorganj, Varanasi. Ph. (0542)–2363455, website www.catjee.in
 [15]
Answer: In second case with convex bridge. Minimum such required speed is rg .

Example 11: A particle of mass m is suspended from a string of length L and travels at a constant speed v in a
horizontal circle. The sting makes an angle  as shown in figure:

 L

r
m

Find the tension in the string and the angular speed of particle.
Solution: The two forces acting on the particle are that due to the earth’s attraction mg acting vertically
downward and the tension T, which acts along the string.

T T cos θ

m
Tsin

mg

In this problem we known that the acceleration is horizontal, towards the centre of the circle, and of
magnitude  2 r thus the vertical tension must balance the weight mg. The horizontal component of
the tension is the resultant centripetal force is the resultant centripetal force. The vertical and
horizontal components of  F  ma, therefore gives

T cos  mg  0
T sin   m 2 r
The tension is found directly from the first equation since  is given. We can find the speed v in
terms of the known quantities r and  by diving one equation by the other to eliminates T.We
obtain

 2r
tan  
g

Now radius of the circular motion followed by the bob is LsinThus,

g
or 
L cos

Now Solve: Is it possible that the bob performs circular motion with negligible angular velocity? What is the
minimum possible angular velocity.

CATJEE, Raman Niwas, Near Aakashvani, Mahmoorganj, Varanasi. Ph. (0542)–2363455, website www.catjee.in
 [16]
g
Answer: No;
L
Example 12: A bucket of water is whirled in a vertical circle of radius r. If its speed is v at the top of the circle,
find the force exerted on the water by the bucket. Find also minimum value of v for the water to
remain in the bucket.

Solution: The forces on the water at the top of the circle are shown in figure. They are the force of gravity mg
and force N exerted by the bucket. Both these forces act downward.

mg

The acceleration, which is toward the centre of the circle, is also downward at this point Newton’s
second law gives.

mv 2
N  mg 
r
mv 2
The force exerted by the bucket is therefore,  mg  N
r
If we increase the speed the bottom of the bucket will exert a large force on the water to keep it
moving in a circle. If we decrease the speed, N will decrease. Since the bucket cannot exert an
upward force on the water, the minimum speed the water can have at the top of the circle occurs
when N  0. Then

2
mvmin
mg 
r
 vmin  rg
When the water is moving at this minimum speed, its acceleration at the top of the path is g. The
only force acting on the water is the gravitational attraction of the earth, i.e., weight mg.

Now Solve: If the same bucket is whirled inside an elevator accelerated upwards with acceleration a, what will
be the new answer to this example problem?

Answer: vmin  r  g  a 

CATJEE, Raman Niwas, Near Aakashvani, Mahmoorganj, Varanasi. Ph. (0542)–2363455, website www.catjee.in
 [17]
9. Banking of tracks
If a vehicle moves in a circle on a horizontal rough track the required centripetal force is being provided by
the frictional force by the road.
N1 N2

fr

mg

Considering such situation, with vehicle of mass m moving with uniform speed v on a horizontal road having
radius r,
mv 2
Requirement of frictional force, f req 
r
Maximum frictional force, f max   N
For the car to negotiate the curve without skidding,
f req  f max

mv 2
 N
R
v   Rg
If the above condition is not fulfilled, the vehicle will skid away from centre of the circle. For the vehicles
to negotiate the curve, component of normal force can be used to provide the centripetal acceleration. This
is achieved by banking of roads.
9.1 Smooth banked track: Considering the road to be smooth (or rough but no friction is used by
vehicle), only component of force in the direction of centripetal acceleration is component of
Normal force.
N




mg

Thus using Newton’s laws,

N cos   mg
mv 2
N sin  
R
v  Rg tan 

CATJEE, Raman Niwas, Near Aakashvani, Mahmoorganj, Varanasi. Ph. (0542)–2363455, website www.catjee.in
 [18]
At smooth banked track this is the exact velocity (neither les nor more than this) to be able to
negotiate the track. If the speed of the vehicle will be more than this derived value, the vehicle will
be thrown out of the track (away from the centre).
9.2 Rough banked track: Considering the road to be rough, the centripetal force is due to the
contribution of a component of friction as well as a component of Normal force.
9.2.1 For maximum speed: To find maximum speed of the vehicle with which it can negotiate
the curve, the frictional force will tend to pull the vehicle into the circular track as shown in
following diagram:
N




fr

mg

Under such situation, frictional force will be at its maximum. Thus,

Fr   N
Again using Newton’s laws,
N cos  Fr sin   mg
 N cos   N sin   mg
2
mvmax
N sin    N cos 
R
 sin    cos 
vmax  Rg  
 cos   sin  

9.2.2 For minimum speed: To find minimum speed of the vehicle with which it can negotiate the
curve, the frictional force will tend to push the vehicle away from the centre of the circular
track as shown in following diagram:

N


fr



mg

Under such situation, frictional force will be at its maximum but in opposite direction from
previous condition. Thus,
Fr   N
Again using Newton’s laws,
N cos  f r sin   mg
 N cos   N sin   mg

CATJEE, Raman Niwas, Near Aakashvani, Mahmoorganj, Varanasi. Ph. (0542)–2363455, website www.catjee.in
 [19]
2
mvmax
N sin    N cos 
R
 sin    cos 
vmin  Rg  
 cos   sin  
Thus for a vehicle to take a safe turn (without skidding) on a road with a banking angle and co-
efficient of friction , while moving with speed v, then the given speed must be in range:

 sin    cos   sin    cos 

Rg    v  Rg  
 cos   sin    cos   sin  
Example 13: An inclined plane of angle  is fixed onto a horizontal turntable, with its line of greatest slope in same
plane as a diameter of turntable. A small block is placed on the inclined plane a distance r from the
axis of rotation of the turn-table and the coefficient of friction between the block and the inclined
plane is  . The turntable along with incline plane spins about its axis with constant angular velocity  .



Find an expression for the minimum angular velocity, c , to prevent the block from sliding down
the plane, in terms of g , r ,  and the angle of the plane  .
Solution: (i) Net force along vertical axis is zero and along radial axis provides centripetal acceleration.
N
N

mg


Using Newton’s laws along these two directions,

 N sin   N cos   mg  0


 sin    cos    m 2 r
N sin    N cos   m 2 r mg
(  sin   cos  )
g  sin    cos  

r   sin   cos  
Now Solve: Now a block of same mass but having coefficient of friction (with inclined plane) 2  is kept
instead of the original block. Consider system to be still rotating with same angular velocity as
determined in previous part. Find the ratio of friction force acting between block and incline now to
the friction force acting in part (a).
Answer: 1.

CATJEE, Raman Niwas, Near Aakashvani, Mahmoorganj, Varanasi. Ph. (0542)–2363455, website www.catjee.in
 [20]
INCHAPTER EXERCISE2

Subjective:-
31. A scooter weighing 150 kg together with its rider moving at 36 km/hr is to take a turn of radius 30 m. What
horizontal force on the scooter is needed to make the turn possible?
32. An un-deformed spring of spring constant k has length 0 . When the system rotates at an angular velocity

 as shown in figure the weight with mass m causes an extension of the spring. The length of the rotating
spring is


33. Consider a small cube of mass m kept on a horizontal disc at a distance r from center of the disc.
Coefficient of static friction between cube & disc is . If the disc is to rotate with uniform angular velocity,
what could be its maximum value of angular velocity  without causing any sliding between the cube and
the disc?



34. A mass m rotating freely in a horizontal circle of radius r on a frictionless smooth table supports a mass 2m
in equilibrium attached to the other end of the string hanging vertically.

2m

Find the angular velocity of rotation of mass m.

35. The bob of a simple pendulum of length 1m has mass 100g and a speed of 1.4m/s at the lowest point in its
path. Find the tension in the string at this instant.
36. A stone is fastened to one end of a string and is whirled in a vertical circle of radius R. Find the minimum
speed the stone can have at the highest point of the circle.

CATJEE, Raman Niwas, Near Aakashvani, Mahmoorganj, Varanasi. Ph. (0542)–2363455, website www.catjee.in
 [21]
37. Consider two small balls connected to a rigid rod of length 2 which in turn is suspended by a thread &
rotated about the thread at angular velocity . What would be the magnitude & direction of total force
exerted by rod on one of the balls?

2

38. A 70 kg man stands in contact against the inner wall of a hollow cylindrical drum of radius 3 m rotating
about its vertical axis with 200 rev/min. The coefficient of friction between the wall and his clothing is
0.15. What is the minimum rotational speed of the cylinder to enable the man to remain stuck to the wall
(without falling) when the floor is suddenly removed?
39. A small cube of mass m is placed on the inside of a funnel rotating about a vertical axis at a constant
angular velocity of . The wall of the funnel makes an angle  with the horizontal. The coefficient of static
friction between the cube and the funnel is  and the centre of the cube is at a distance r from the axis of
rotation.



Find the (i) largest and (ii) smallest value of  for which the cube will not slip inside the funnel.
40. A turn of radius 20m is banked for the vehicles going at a speed of 36 km/h. If the coefficient of static
friction between the road and the tyre is 0.4, what are the possible speeds of a vehicle so that it neither slips
down nor skids up?
41. A block of mass m is kept on a horizontal ruler. The friction coefficient between the ruler and the block is
. The ruler is fixed at one end and the block is at a distance L from the fixed end. The ruler is rotated about
the fixed end in the horizontal plane through the fixed end.
(i) What can the maximum angular speed be for which the block does not slip?

CATJEE, Raman Niwas, Near Aakashvani, Mahmoorganj, Varanasi. Ph. (0542)–2363455, website www.catjee.in
 [22]
(ii) If the angular speed of the ruler is uniformly increased from zero at an angular acceleration  , at
what angular speed will the block slip?
dv
42. A car goes on a horizontal circular road of radius R, the speed increasing at a constant rate  a. The
dt
friction coefficient between the road and the tyre is  . Find the speed at which the car will skid.
Objective:-
43. A body of mass 5kg is moving in a circle of radius 1m with an angular velocity of 2 radian/sec. The
centripetal force is
(A) 10 N (B) 20 N (C) 30 N (D) 40 N

44. A stone of mass m is tied to a string of length  g / L and rotated in a circle with a constant speed
1/ 4
  g  2 
   a  . If the string is released, the stone flies
2

 L  
(A) Radially outward (B) Radially inward
mv 2
(C) Tangentially outward (D) With an acceleration
l
45. A car moving on a horizontal road may be thrown out of the road in taking a turn
(A) By the gravitational force
(B) Due to lack of sufficient centripetal force

(C) Due to rolling frictional force between tyre and road

(D) Due to the reaction of the ground
46. A body is revolving with a constant speed along a circle. If its direction of motion is reversed but the speed
remains the same, then which of the following statement is true
(A) The centripetal force will not suffer any change in magnitude
(B) The centripetal force will have its direction reversed
(C) The centripetal force will not suffer any change in direction
(D) The centripetal force would be doubled

47. Two masses M and m are attached to a vertical axis by weightless threads of combined length l . They
are set in rotational motion in a horizontal plane about this axis with constant angular velocity  . If the
tensions in the threads are the same during motion, the distance of M from the axis is
Ml ml M m M m
(A) (B) (C) l (D) l
M m M m M m
48. A stone of mass of 16 kg is attached to a string 144m long and is whirled in a horizontal circle. The
maximum tension the string can withstand is 16 Newton. The maximum velocity of revolution that can be
given to the stone without breaking it, will be
(A) 20 ms 1 (B) 16 ms 1 (C) 14 ms 1 (D) 12 ms 1

CATJEE, Raman Niwas, Near Aakashvani, Mahmoorganj, Varanasi. Ph. (0542)–2363455, website www.catjee.in
 [23]
49. A coin, placed on a rotating turn-table slips, when it is placed at a distance of 9 cm from the centre. If the
angular velocity of the turn-table is tripled, it will just slip, if its distance from the centre is
(A) 27 cm (B) 9 cm (C) 3 cm (D) 1 cm
50. A simple pendulum is oscillating without damping. When the displacement of the bob is less than
maximum, its acceleration vector a is correctly shown in

a
(A) (B)

(C) (D)
a

a
51. A small block is shot into each of the four tracks as shown below. Each of the tracks rises to the same
height. The speed with which the block enters the track is the same in all cases. At the highest point of the
track, the normal reaction is maximum in

(A) (B)
v v

(C) (D)
v v

52. A mass is supported on a frictionless horizontal surface. It is attached to a string and rotates about a fixed
centre at an angular velocity 0 . If the length of the string and angular velocity are doubled, the tension in

the string which was initially T0 is now

(A) T0 (B) T0 / 2 (C) 4T0 (D) 8T0

53. Find the maximum velocity for skidding for a car moved on a circular track of radius 100 m. The
coefficient of friction between the road and tyre is 0.2
(A) 0.14 m/s (B) 140 m/s (C) 1.4 km/s (D) 14 m/s

54. Radius of the curved road on national highway is R . Width of the road is b . The outer edge of the road is
raised by h with respect to inner edge so that a car with velocity v can pass safe over it. The value of h is
v 2b v v2 R v 2b
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Rg Rgb g R

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 [24]
55. Three identical particles are joined together by a thread as shown in figure. All the three particles are
moving in a horizontal plane. If the velocity of the outermost particle is v0, then the ratio of tensions in the
three sections of the string is

O A B C
l l l

(A) 3 : 5 : 7 (B) 3 : 4 : 5 (C) 7 : 11 : 6 (D) 3 : 5 : 6

56. A particle describes a horizontal circle in a conical funnel whose inner surface is smooth with speed of 0.5
m/s. What is the height of the plane of circle from vertex of the funnel ?
(A) 0.25 cm (B) 2 cm (C) 4 cm (D) 2.5 cm
57. The kinetic energy k of a particle moving along a circle of radius R depends on the distance covered s as
k  as 2 where a is a constant. The force acting on the particle is
1/ 2
s2  s2  R2
(A) 2a (B) 2as 1  2  (C) 2as (D) 2a
R  R  s
58. A long horizontal rod has a bead which can slide along its length, and initially placed at a distance L from
one end A of the rod. The rod is set in angular motion about A with constant angular acceleration . If the
coefficient of friction between the rod and the bead is , and gravity is neglected, then the time after which
the bead starts slipping is
  1
(A) (B) (C) (D) Infinitesimal
  
ANSWER KEY

Subjective :-   g  2 
1/ 4

31. 500 N 41. (i)  g / L ; (ii)   a 

2

m lo
2
 L  
32. x
 k  m 
1/ 4
2
42. (  2 g 2  a 2 ) R 2 

g Objective:-
33. 43. B
r
44. C
2g
34. 45. B
r
46. A, C
35. 1.2 N
47. B
36. Rg
48. D
37. m ( 2 )2  g 2 49. D
38. 4.67 rad/s 50. C
g  tan     51. A
39. (i)
r 1   tan   52. D
53. D
g  tan    
(ii) 54. A
r 1   tan  
55. D
40. Between 14.7 km/h and 54 km/hr 56. D
57. B
58. A

CATJEE, Raman Niwas, Near Aakashvani, Mahmoorganj, Varanasi. Ph. (0542)–2363455, website www.catjee.in
 [25]
EXERCISE–1

59. A point moves along a circle with velocity v = at where a = 0.5 m/sec2. Then the total acceleration of the
point at the moment when it covered (1/10)th of the circle after beginning of motion-
(A) 0.5 m/sec2 (B) 0.6 m/sec2 (C) 0.7 m/sec2 (D) 0.8 m/sec2
60. Angular position of a line of a disc of radius r = 6 cm is given by  = 10 – 5t + 4t2 rad. The average angular
speed between 1 and 3 s is-
(A)  rad/s (B) 11 rad/s (C) 22 rad/s (D) 5.5 rad/s
61. A car is moving in a circular path of radius 500m with a speed of 30m/sec. If its speed is increasing at the
rate of 2m/sec2, the resultant acceleration will be -
(A) 2 m/sec2 (B) 2.5 m/sec2 (C) 2.7 m/sec2 (D) 4 m/sec2
62. A racing car is travelling along a track at a constant speed of 40 m/s. A T.V. camera men is recording the
event from a distance of 30m directly away from the track as shown in figure. In order to keep the car
under view in the position shown, the angular speed with which the camera should be rotated, is-
Track
car
40 m/s

30 m

30º

T.V Camera

(A) 4/3 rad/sec (B) 3/4 rad/sec (C) 8/3 3 rad/sec (D) 1 rad/sec
63. Two moving particles P and Q are 10 m apart at a certain instant. The velocity of P is 8m/s making an
angle 30º with the line joining P and Q and that of Q is 6m/s making an angle 30º with PQ as shown in the
figure. Then angular velocity of P with respect to Q is 
6 m/s

10 m 30º
P 30º Q

8 m/s
(A) Zero (B) 0.1 rad/sec (C) 0.4 rad/sec (D) 0.7 rad/sec

CATJEE, Raman Niwas, Near Aakashvani, Mahmoorganj, Varanasi. Ph. (0542)–2363455, website www.catjee.in
 [26]
64. A particle of mass m is fixed to one end of a light spring of force constant k and unstretched length . The
system is rotated about the other end of the spring with an angular velocity , in gravity free space. The
increase in length of the spring will be-

k m

m2  m2  m2 

(A) (B) (C) (D) None of these
k k  m2 k  m2
65. A railway track is banked for a speed v, by making the height of the outer rail (h) higher than that of the
inner rail. The distance between the rails is d. The radius of curvature of the track is r-
h v2  h  v2  h  v2 h v2
(A) = (B) tan  sin 1  = (C) tan–1   = (D) =
d rg  d  rg  d  rg r dg
66. A particle is acted upon by a constant force always normal to the direction of motion of the particle. It is
therefore inferred that-
(i) Its velocity is constant
(ii) It moves in a straight line
(iii) Its speed is constant
(iv) It moves in circular path
(A) i , iv (B) iii, iv (C) i, ii (D) i, ii, iii
67. A car moves at a constant speed on a road as shown in figure. The normal force by the road on the car is
NA and NB when it is at the points A and B –
A B

(A) NA = NB (B) NA> NB

(C) NA< NB (D) insufficient information
68. A bucket tied at the end of a 1.6 m long string is whirled in a vertical circle with constant speed. What
should be the minimum speed so that the water from the bucket does not spill, When the bucket is at the
highest position (Take g = 10 m/sec2) 
(A) 4 m/sec (B) 6.25 m/sec (C) 16 m/sec (D) None of the above
69. A particle, moving along a circular path has equal magnitudes of linear and angular acceleration. The
diameter of path is (in meters) –
(A) 2 (B) 1 (C)  (D) 2


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 [27]
70. A simple pendulum is vibrating with an angular amplitude of 90º as shown in the following figure . For
what value of  is the acceleration directed –

B O B


C
A
(i) Vertically upwards
(ii) Horizontally
(iii) Vertically downwards
(A) 0º,cos–1(1/ 3 ),90º (B) 90º,cos–1(1/ 3 ),0º

(C) cos–1(1/ 3 ),0º,90º (D) cos–1(1/ 3 ), 90º,0º

71. A small bead of mass m = 1 kg is carried by a circular hoop having centre at C and radius r = 1m which
rotates about a fixed vertical axis. The coefficient of friction between bead and hoop is  = 0.5. The
maximum angular speed of the hoop for which the bead does not have relative motion with respect to hoop.


C
45º
m

(A) (5 2 )1/ 2 (B) (10 2 )1/ 2

(C) (15 2 )1/ 2 (D) (30 2 )1/ 2

72. A stone is thrown horizontally with a velocity of 10m/sec. Find the radius of curvature of it’s trajectory at
the end of 3 sec after motion began

(A) 10 10 m (B) 100 10 m

(C) 10 m (D) 100 m

73. A disc of radius R has a light pole fixed perpendicular to the disc at the circumference which in turn has a
pendulum of length R attached to its other end as shown in figure. The disc is rotated with a constant
angular velocity . The string is making an angle 30º with the rod. Then the angular velocity  of disc is

CATJEE, Raman Niwas, Near Aakashvani, Mahmoorganj, Varanasi. Ph. (0542)–2363455, website www.catjee.in
 [28]


R
30º
R

1/ 2 1/ 2 1/ 2 1/ 2
 3g   3g   g   2g 
(A)  
 (B)  
 (C)   (D)  
 R   2R   3R   3 3R 
74. Two cars having masses m1 and m2 move in circles of radius r1 and r2. If they complete the circle in equal

time. The ratio of their angular speeds 1/2 is 

m1 r1 m1r1
(A) (B) (C) (D) 1
m2 r2 m 2 r2

75. A motorcycle is going on an over bridge of radius R. The driver maintain a constant speed. As the
motorcycle is ascending on the over bridge, the normal force on it –
(A) increases (B) decreases (C) remains same (D) fluctuates
76. Let  denote the angular displacement of a simple pendulum oscillating in a vertical plane. If the mass of
the bob is m. The tension in the string is mg cos  -
(A) always (B) never
(C) at extreme position (D) at mean position

ANSWER KEY

59. D 65. B 71. D

60. B 66. B 72. B
61. C 67. C 73. D
62. D 68. A 74. D
63. D 69. A 75. A
64. B 70. A 76. C

CATJEE, Raman Niwas, Near Aakashvani, Mahmoorganj, Varanasi. Ph. (0542)–2363455, website www.catjee.in
 [29]
EXERCISE2

PYQ 2021

77. A particle is moving with uniform speed along the circumference of a circle of radius R under the action
of a central fictitious force F which is inversely proportional to R3. Its time period of revolution will be
given by :
5 4 3
(a) T  R 2
(b) T  R 2
(c) T  R3
(d) T  R
2

78. A particle of mass m is suspended from a ceiling through a string of length L. The particle moves in a
L
horizontal circle of radius r such that r  . The speed of particle will be :
2
rg
(a) rg (b) 2rg (c) 2 rg (d)
2
79. A block of 200 g mass moves with a uniform speed in a horizontal circular groove, with vertical side walls
of radius 20 cm. If the block takes 40 s to complete one round, the normal force by the side walls of the
groove is :
(a) 6.28 × 10–3 N (b) 0.0314 N (c) 9.859 × 10–2 N (d) 9.859 × 10–4 N
80. A modem grand-prix racing car of mass m is travelling on a flat track in a circular arc of radius R with
speed v. If the coefficient of static friction between the tyres and the track is  s , then the magnitude of
negative lift Fl acting downwards on the car is : (Assume forces on the four tyres are identical and
g = acceleration due to gravity)

 v2   v2   v2   v2 
(a) m   g (b) m   g (c) m  g   (d)  m  g  
 s R   s R   s R   s R 
81. The normal reaction 'N' for a vehicle of 800 kg mass, negotiating a turn on a 30° banked road at maximum
possible speed without skidding is _________× 103 kg m/s2. [Given cos30° = 0.87,  s = 0.2]
(a) 12.4 (b) 7.2 (c) 6.96 (d) 10.2
82. The angular speed of truck wheel is increased from 900 rpm to 2460 rpm in 26 seconds. The number of
revolutions by the truck wheel during this time is ______. (Assuming the acceleration to be uniform).
83. A body rotating with an angular speed of 600 rpm is uniformly accelerated to 1800 rpm in 10 sec. The
number of rotations made in the process is _______.

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 [30]
PYQ 2022

84. A boy ties a stone of mass 100g to the end of a 2m long string and whirls it around in a horizontal plane.
The string can withstand the maximum tension of 80N. If the maximum speed with which the stone can
K
revolve is rev./min. The value of K is (Assume the string is massless and unstretchable)

(a) 400 (b) 300 (c) 600 (d) 800
85. A stone of mass m, tied to a string is being whirled in a vertical circle with a uniform speed. The tension in
the string is
(a) the same throughout the motion
(b) minimum at the highest position of the circular path
(c) minimum at the lowest position of the circular path
(d) minimum when the rope is in the horizontal position
86. For a particle in uniform circular motion, the acceleration a at any point P (R, ) on the circular path of
radius R is (when  is measured from the positive x-axis and v is uniform speed)
v2 v2 v2 v2
(a)  sin ˆi  cos ˆj (b)  cos ˆi  sin ˆj
R R R R
v2 v2 v2 ˆ v2 ˆ
(c)  cos ˆi  sin ˆj (d)  i j
R R R R
87. A ball is released from rest from point P of a smooth semi-spherical vessel as shown in figure. The ratio of
the centripetal force and normal reaction on the ball at point Q is A while angular position of point Q is 
with respect to point P. Which of the following graphs represent the correct relation between A and 
when ball goes from Q to R?
O
P 
Q
R

A A

 
(a) (b)

A A

 
(c) (d)
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 [31]
88. One end of a massless spring of spring constant k and natural length l0 is fixed while the other end is
connected to a small objects of mass m lying on a frictionless table. The spring remains horizontal on the
table. If the object is made to rotate at an angular velocity  about an axis passing through fixed end, then
the elongation of the spring will be
k  m2l0 m2l0 m2l0 k  m2l0
(A) (B) (C) (D)
m2 k  m2 k  m2 m2
89. A small block of mass 100 g is tied to a spring of spring constant 7.5 N/m and length 20 cm. The other end
of spring is fixed at a particular point A. If the block moves in a circular path on a smooth horizontal
surface with constant angular velocity 5 rad/s about point A, then tension in the spring is –
(A) 0.75 N (B) 1.5 N (C) 0.25 N (D) 0.50 N
90. A child of mass 5 kg is going round a merry-go-round that makes 1 rotation in 3.14 s. The radius of the
merry-go-round is 2 m. The centrifugal force on the child will be
(A) 40 N (B) 100 N (C) 80 N (D) 50 N
91. As shown in the figure, a particle is moving with constant speed  m/s. Considering its motion from A to
B, the magnitude of the average velocity is :

B V
V 120°
A

(A) m / s (B) 2 3m / s (C) 3m / s (D) 1.5 3m / s

92. For particle P revolving round the centre O with radius of circular path r and angular velocity  , as shown
in below figure, the projection of OP on the x-axis at time t is

y P(t)
P(t=0)
r
30°
T=6s x
O

    
(A) x(t)  r cos  t   (B) x(t)  r cos  t   
 6  6 

 
(C) x(t)  r cos  t  (D) x(t)  r sin  t  
 6

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 [32]
93. A coin placed on a rotating table just slips when it is placed at a distance of 1 cm from the center. If the

angular velocity of the table is halved, it will just slip when placed at a distance of _____ from the centre :

(A) 8 cm (B) 4 cm (C) 2 cm (D) 1 cm

PYQ 2023

94. A particle is moving with constant speed in a circular path. When the particle turns by an angle 90°, the
ratio of instantaneous velocity to its average velocity is  : x 2 . The value of x will be –
(a) 7 (b) 5 (c) 1 (d) 2
95. An object moves at a constant speed along a circular path in a horizontal plane with center at the origin.
When the object is at x = +2 m, its velocity is 4jˆ m/s. The object’s velocity (v) and acceleration (a) at

x = 2 m will be

(a) v  4iˆ m / s,a  8jˆ m / s 2 (b) v  4jˆ m / s,a  8iˆ m / s 2

(c) v  4iˆ m / s, a  8jˆ m / s 2 (d) v  4jˆ m / s, a  8iˆ m / s 2

96. A body is moving with constant speed, in a circle of radius 10 m. The body completes one revolution in 4s.
At the end of 3rd second, the displacement of body (in m) from its starting point is
(a) 15 (b) 10 2 (c) 30 (d) 5 
97. A particle is moving along a circular path with a constant speed of 10 ms 1. What is the magnitude of the
change in velocity of the particle, when it moves through an angle of 60° around the centre of the circle?
(a) zero (b) 10 2m / s (c) 10 3 m / s (d) 10 m / s

98. Two particles A, B are moving on two concentric circles of radii R1 and R2 with equal angular speed .
At = 0, their positions and direction of motion are shown in the figure. The relative velocity

v A  v B at t  is given by
2

(a) (R1  R 2 )iˆ (b) (R1  R 2 )iˆ (c) (R 2  R1 )iˆ (d) (R1  R 2 )iˆ

CATJEE, Raman Niwas, Near Aakashvani, Mahmoorganj, Varanasi. Ph. (0542)–2363455, website www.catjee.in
 [33]
1
99. If a body moving in a circular path maintains constant speed of 10 ms , then which of the following
correctly describes relation between acceleration and radius ?

a a

r r
(a) (b)

a a

r r
(c) (d)
100. Two cars of masses m1 and m2 are moving in circles of radii r1 and r2, respectively. Their speeds are such
that they make complete circles in the same time t. The ratio of their centripetal acceleration is
(a) m1 : m2 (b) r1 : r2 (c) 1 : 1 (d) m1r1 : m2 r2
101. A point P moves in counter-clockwise direction on a circular path as shown in the figure. The movement
of P is such that it sweeps out a length s  t 3  5, where s is in metres and t is in seconds. The radius of the
path is 20 m. The acceleration of P when t  2 s is nearly

(a) 14 ms 2 (b) 17 ms 2 (c) 12 ms 2 (d) 7.2 ms 2

102. Which of the following statements is false for a particle moving in a circle with a constant angular speed?
(a) The velocity vector is tangent to the circle
(b) The acceleration vector is tangent to the circle
(c) The acceleration vector points to the centre of the circle.
(d) The velocity and acceleration vectors are perpendicular to each other.
103. A small block of mass 100 g is tied to a spring of spring constant 7.5 N/m and length 20 cm. The other end
of spring is fixed at a particular point A. If the block moves in a circular path on a smooth horizontal
surface with constant angular velocity 5 rad/s about point A, then tension in the spring is –
(a) 0.75 N (b) 1.5 N (c) 0.25 N (d) 0.50 N
CATJEE, Raman Niwas, Near Aakashvani, Mahmoorganj, Varanasi. Ph. (0542)–2363455, website www.catjee.in
 [34]
104. A child of mass 5 kg is going round a merry-go-round that makes 1 rotation in 3.14 s. The radius of the
merry-go-round is 2 m. The centrifugal force on the child will be
(a) 80 N (b) 50 N (c) 40 N (d) 100 N
105. A coin placed on a rotating table just slips when it is placed at a distance of 1 cm from the center. If the
angular velocity of the table is halved, it will just slip when placed at a distance of ______from the centre.
(a) 2cm (b) 1 cm (c) 8 cm (d) 4 cm
106. A vehicle of mass 200 kg is moving along a leveled curved road of radius 70 m with angular velocity of
0.2 rad/s. The centripetal force acting on the vehicle is
(a) 2240 N (b) 2800 N (c) 560 N (d) 14 N
107. A body of mass 200 g is tied to a spring to a springs of springs constant 12.5 N/m, while the other end of
spring is fixed at point O. If the body moves about O in a circular path on a smooth horizontal surface with
constant angular speed 5 rad/s. Then the ratio of extension in the spring to its natural length will be
(a) 1 : 1 (b) 2 : 3 (c) 2 : 5 (d) 1 : 2
108. A car is moving with a constant speed of 20 m/s in a circular horizontal track of radius 40 m. A bob is
suspended from the roof of the car by a massless string. The angle made by the string with the vertical will
be
   
(a) (b) (c) (d)
6 2 4 3
109. A car is moving on a horizontal curved road with radius 50 m. The approximate maximum speed of car
will be, if friction between tyres and road is 0.34. [take g = 10 ms2]
(a) 3.4 ms1 (b) 13 ms1 (c) 17 ms1 (d) 22.4 ms1
110. A stone of mass 1kg is tied to end of a massless string of length 1m. If the breaking tension of the string is
400 N, then maximum linear velocity, the stone can have without breaking the string, while rotating in
horizontal plane, is
(a) 40ms 1 (b) 20ms 1 (c) 400ms 1 (d) 10ms 1
111. A smooth circular groove has a smooth vertical wall as shown in figure. A block of mass m moves against
the wall with a speed v. Which of the following curve represents the correct relation between the normal
reaction on the block by the wall (N) and speed of the block (v) ?

CATJEE, Raman Niwas, Near Aakashvani, Mahmoorganj, Varanasi. Ph. (0542)–2363455, website www.catjee.in
 [35]

N N

v v
(a) (b)

N N

v v
(c) (d)
112. A car moving on a circular path of radius 600 m such that the magnitudes of the tangential acceleration and
centripetal acceleration are equal. The time taken by the car to complete first quarter of revolution, if it is
moving with an initial speed of 54 km/hr is t  a(1  e  / 2 )s. The value of a is ______.

PYQ 2024

113. A ball of mass 0.5 kg is attached to a string of length 50 cm. The ball is rotated on a horizontal circular
path about its vertical axis. The maximum tension that the string can bear is 400 N. The maximum possible
value of angular velocity of the ball in rad/s is,:
(a) 1600 (b) 40 (c) 1000 (d) 20
114. A particle moving in a circle of radius R with uniform speed takes time T to complete one revolution. If
this particle is projected with the same speed at an angle to the horizontal, the maximum height attained
by it is equal to 4R. The angle of projection is then given by :
1/2 1/2 1/2 1/ 2
 2gT 2 
1  2 R  1  2gT 
2
 R 
(a) sin  2  (b) sin 1  2
(c) cos  2  (d) cos 1  2 
R  2gT  R  2gT 
115. A train is moving with a speed of 12 m/s on rails which are 1.5 m apart. To negotiate a curve radius 400 m,
the height by which the outer rail should be raised with respect to the inner rail is (Given, g = 10 m/s2):
(a) 6.0 cm (b) 5.4 cm (c) 4.8 cm (d) 4.2 cm
116. A ball suspended by a thread swings in a vertical plane so that its magnitude of acceleration in the extreme
position and lowest position are equal. The angle () of thread deflection in the extreme position will be :

1 1  1 
(a) tan 1 ( 2) (b) 2 tan 1   (c) tan 1   (d) 2 tan 1  
2 2  5
117. If the radius of curvature of the path of two particles of same mass are in the ratio 3 : 4, then in order to
have constant centripetal force, their velocities will be in the ratio of:

(a) 3 : 2 (b) 1: 3 (c) 3 :1 (d) 2 : 3

118. A stone of mass 900g is tied to a string and moved in a vertical circle of radius 1m making to rpm. The
tension in the string, when the stone is at the lowest point is (in 2  9.8and g  9.8m / s 2 )
(a) 97 N (b) 9.8 N (c) 8.82 N (d) 17.8 N

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 [36]
119. A bob of mass ‘m’ is suspended by a light string of length ‘L’. It is imparted a minimum horizontal
velocity at the lowest point A such that it just completes half circle reaching the top most position B. The
(K.E.) A
ratio of kinetic energies is :
(K.E.) B

B
v2 

L
 v1
A
(a) 3 : 2 (b) 5 : 1 (c) 2 : 5 (d) 1 : 5
120. A particle is moving in a circle of radius 50 cm in such a way that at any instant the normal and tangential
components of its acceleration are equal. If its speed at t = 0 is 4 m/s, the time taken to complete the first
1
revolution will be [1  e 2  ]s, where   ______.

121. A coin is placed on a disc. The coefficient of friction between the coin and the disc is . If the distance of
the coin from the center of the disc is r, the maximum angular velocity which can be given to the disc, so
that the coin does not slip away, is :

g r g 
(a) (b) (c) (d)
r g r rg

CATJEE, Raman Niwas, Near Aakashvani, Mahmoorganj, Varanasi. Ph. (0542)–2363455, website www.catjee.in
 [37]
Exercise-3 [Advanced Type]

122. A bead of mass m is located on a parabolic wire with its axis vertical and vertex at the origin as shown in
figure and whose equation is x2 = 4ay. The wire frame is fixed and the bead can slide on it without friction.
The bead is released from the point y = 4a on the wire frame from rest. The tangential acceleration of the
bead when it reaches the position given by y = a is –
y
m

O x

g 3g g g
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 2 2 5
123. A long horizontal rod has a bead which can slide its length and initially placed at a distance L from one
end A of the rod. The rod is set in angular motion about A with constant angular acceleration . If the
coefficient of friction between the rod and the bead is µ, and gravity is neglected, then the time after which
the bead starts slipping is -

A B
L
1
(A) / (B) µ /  (C) (D) infinitesimal

124. An insect crawls up a hemispherical surface very slowly (see the figure). The coefficient of friction
between the insect and the surface is 1/3. If the line joining the centre of the hemispherical surface to the
insect makes an angle  with the vertical, the maximum possible value of  is given by 



(A) cot  = 3 (B) tan  = 3 (C) sec  = 3 (D) cosec  = 3

125. A hemispherical bowl of radius R = 0.1 m is rotating about its own axis (which is vertical) with an angular
velocity . A particle of mass 10–2 kg on the frictionless inner surface of the bowl is also rotating with
same . The particle is at a height h from the bottom of the bowl. (a) Obtain the relation between h and .
What is the minimum value of  needed in order to have a non-zero value of h ?
(b) It is desired to measure g using this set up, by measuring h accurately. Assuming that r and  are
known precisely, and that the least count in the measurement of h is 10–4 m. What is the minimum possible
error g in the measured value of g? (g = 9.8 m/s2)

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 [38]
126. A car is moving in a circular horizontal track of radius 10 m with a constant speed of 10 m/s. A plumb bob
is suspended from the roof of the car by a light rigid rod of length 1.0 m. The angle made by the rod with
the track is –
(A) Zero (B) 30º (C) 45º (D) 60º
127. A solid body rotates about a stationary axis so that its angular velocity depends on the rotation angle  as
= 0 – k , where 0 and k are positive constants. At the moment t = 0, the angle  = 0. Find the time
dependence of rotation angle-
0  K
(A) K. oe –kt [e–kt]
(B) (C) 0 [1–e–kt] (D) [ e–kt – 1]
K K 0
128. A solid body rotates with deceleration about a stationary axis with an angular deceleration
|  | = k  ; where k is a constant and  is the angular velocity of the body. If the initial angular velocity
is 0, then mean angular velocity of the body averaged over the whole time of rotation is –
0  
(A) 0 (B) (C) 0 (D) 0
2 3 4
129. A car moving at a speed of 36 km/h is taking a turn on a circular road of radius 50 m. A small wooden
plate is kept on the seat with its plane perpendicular to the radius of the circular road. A small block of
mass 100g is kept on the seat which rests against the plate. The friction coefficient between the block and
the plate is µ = 0.58. (a) Find the normal contact force exerted by the plate on the block. (b) the plate is
slowly turned so that the angle between the normal to the plate and radius of the road slowly increases.
Find the angle at which the block will just start sliding on the plate.

O
plate
block

130. A car of mass M is moving on a horizontal circular path of radius r. At an instant its speed is v and is
increasing at a rate a –
(A) the acceleration of the car is towards the centre of the path
(B) the magnitude of the frictional force on the car is greater than mv2/R
(C) the friction coefficient between the ground and the car is not less than a/g
(D) the friction coefficient between the ground and the car is µ = tan–1v2/Rg
131. A circular road of radius r is banked for a speed of v = 40 km/h. A car of mass m attempts to go on the
circular road. The friction coefficient between the tyre and the road is negligible. Then –
(A) the car cannot make a turn without skidding
(B) if the car turn at a speed less than 40 km/h, it will slip down.
(C) if the car turn at the correct speed of 40 km/h the force by the road on the car is equal to mv2/r
(D) if the car turn at the correct speed of 40 km/h, the force by the road on the car is greater than mg as
well as greater than mv2/r

CATJEE, Raman Niwas, Near Aakashvani, Mahmoorganj, Varanasi. Ph. (0542)–2363455, website www.catjee.in
 [39]

132. A person applies a constant force F on a particle of mass m and finds that the particle move in a circle of
radius r with a uniform speed v.
(A) this is not possible
(B) there are other forces also on the particle
(C) the resultant of other forces is mv2/r towards centre
(D) the resultant of the other forces varies in magnitude as well as direction
133. Figure shows a rod of length L pivoted near an end and which is made to rotate in a horizontal plane with a
constant angular speed. A ball of mass m is suspended by a string also of length L from the other end of
the rod. If  is the angle made by string with the vertical, then 

L

 L
T
m

(A) T sin = m2L (1 + sin) (B) T cos  = mg

2 L(1  sin )
(C) tan = (D) none of above
g
Match the Column:-
134. A car of mass 500 kg is moving in a circular road of radius 35 / 3 . Angle of banking of road is 30º.
1
Coefficient of friction between road and tyres is  = . Match the following:
2 3

Column-I Column-II
(A) Maximum speed (in m/s) of car for safe turning (P) 5 2
(B) Minimum speed (in m/s) of car for safe turning (Q) 12.50
(C) Speed (in m/s) at which friction force between tyres and road is zero (R) 210

(D) 350 (S) 350

Friction force (in 102 Newton) between tyres and road if speed is m/s
6 3

CATJEE, Raman Niwas, Near Aakashvani, Mahmoorganj, Varanasi. Ph. (0542)–2363455, website www.catjee.in
 [40]

ANSWER KEY
[PYQ] 2021 108. c
77. b 109. b
78. a 110. b
79. d 111. a
80. a 112. 40
81. d PYQ 2024
82. 728 113. (b)
83. 200 114. (a)
[PYQ] 2022 115. (b)
84. c 116. (b)
85. b 117. (a)
86. c 118. (b)
87. c 119. (b)
88. c 120. (8)
89. a 121. (c)
90. a
91. d EXERCISE3
92. a 122. (c)
93. b 123. (a)
[PYQ] 2023 124. (a)
94. d 125. (a) = 7 2 rad/sec
95. b (b) = – 98 × 10–4
96. b = – 9.8 × 10–3 m/s2
97. d 126. (c)
98. c 127. (c)
99. c 128. (c)
100. b 129. (a) 0.2 N, (b)   30
101. a 130. (b,c)
102. b 131. (b,d)
103. a 132. (b,d)
104. c 133. (c)
105. d 134. AR; BP; CS; DQ
106. c
107. b

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