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08 Maths Key Notes CH 10 Visualising Solid Shapes

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08 Maths Key Notes CH 10 Visualising Solid Shapes

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Chapter – 10
Visualising Solid Shapes

• There are three types of shapes:


(i) One dimensional shapes: Shapes having length only. Example: a line.
(ii) Two dimensional Shapes: Plane shapes having two measurements like length and
breadth. Example: a polygon, a triangle, a rectangle, etc. generally, two dimensional
figures are known as 2-D figures.
(iii) Three dimensional Shapes: Solid objects and shapes having length, breadth and
height or depth. Example: Cubes, cylinders, cone, cuboid, spheres, etc.
(iv) Face: A flat surface of a three dimensional figure.
(v) Edge: Line segment where two faces of solid meet.

• Polyhedron: A three-dimensional figure whose faces are all polygons.


• Prism: A polyhedron whose bottom and top faces (known as bases) are congruent polygons
and faces known as lateral faces are parallelograms. When the side faces are rectangles, the
shape is known as right prism.

• Pyramid: A polyhedron whose base is a polygon and lateral faces are triangles.

• Vertex: A point where three of more edges meet.


• Base: The face that is used to name a polyhedron.

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• Euler’s formula for any polyhedron is F + V – E = 2, where F stands for number of faces, V for
number of vertices and E for number of edges.
• Recognising 2D and 3D objects.
• Recognising different shapes in nested objects.
• 3D objects have different views from different positions.
• Mapping: A map depicts the location of a particular object/place in relation to other objects/
places.
• A map is different from a picture.
• Symbols are used to depict the different objects/places.
• There is no reference or perspective in a map.
• Maps involve a scale which is fixed for a particular map.
• Convex: The line segment joining any two points on the surface of a polyhedron entirely lies
inside or on the polyhedron. Example: Cube, cuboid, tetrahedron, pyramid, prism, etc.

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