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Control Structures

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Control Structures

data type

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nasrafafid998
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Control Structures

Control structures in programming are constructs that enable developers to control the flow of
execution within a program. They allow for decision-making, looping, and branching based on
certain conditions or criteria. Control structures determine the order in which individual
statements or blocks of code are executed.

The main types of control structures include:

1. Conditional Statements: These allow the program to execute different blocks of code
based on specified conditions. The most common conditional statements are:
o if statement: It executes a block of code if a specified condition is true.
o if-else statement: It executes one block of code if the condition is true and
another block if the condition is false.
o if-else if-else statement: It allows for multiple conditions to be tested
sequentially.
o switch statement: It evaluates an expression and executes code blocks based on
matching cases.
2. Loops: Loops enable repetitive execution of a block of code until a specified condition is
met. Common types of loops include:
o for loop: It executes a block of code a fixed number of times, iterating over a
sequence of values.
o while loop: It executes a block of code as long as a specified condition is true.
o do-while loop: Similar to a while loop, but it executes the block of code at least
once before checking the condition.
3. Branching Statements: These alter the flow of control by transferring it to a different
part of the program. Key branching statements include:
o break statement: It terminates the current loop or switch statement and
transfers control to the next statement outside the loop or switch.
o continue statement: It skips the remaining code inside a loop for the current
iteration and proceeds to the next iteration.
o return statement: It terminates the execution of a function and returns control
to the calling code, optionally returning a value.

By combining these control structures, programmers can create complex and dynamic behavior
within their programs, allowing them to respond to different inputs, conditions, and
requirements effectively.

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