Introduction
Introduction
Introduction
Local diabetes studies has reported an incidence of T1DM in children in Saudi Arabia of 27.5 per
100,000. (PMID: 20844831) The incidence of T1DM in children has doubled in less than 20 years,
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from 18.05 per 100,000 children from 1990 to 1998 to 36.99 per 100,000 children from 1999 to
2007, with annual average incidence rates The rate of increase corresponds to
16.8%. (PMID: 20383419)
Dm is a metabolic disorder resulting from disturbances in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both
and is diagnosed by the presence of hyperglycemia [1].
It is associated with poor metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and fats [PMID: 28539866].
Based on the etiology and clinical characteristics, DM can be divided into three main categories.
They are gestational diabetes (GDM), type 1 diabetes (T1DM), and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Due
to the pancreatic cells being destroyed by a cellularly mediated autoimmune process in T1DM, there
is a complete lack of insulin. There is relative insulin insuf ciency and insulin resistance in T2DM.
GDM refers to any level of glucose intolerance identi ed during pregnancy. Genetic abnormalities,
surgery, malnutrition, infections, and the use of corticosteroids are only a few of the conditions or
medications that can cause DM [PMID: 21250351,PMID: 22079683].
References
1-Mohieldein AH, Alzohairy MA, Hasan M. Awareness of diabetes mellitus among Saudi
non-diabetic population in Al- Qassim region, Saudi Arabia. J Diabetes Endocrinol.
2011;2(2):14-9.
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