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7 SQL String Functionss

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Assistant Professor,Cse Vel Tech, Chennai
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11 views

7 SQL String Functionss

Uploaded by

Assistant Professor,Cse Vel Tech, Chennai
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SQLString Functions

String functions are used to perform an operation on input string and return an output
string. Following are the string functions defined in SQL:

1. ASCII(): This function is used to find the ASCII value of a character.

Syntax:

SELECT ascii('t');

Output: 116

2. CHAR_LENGTH(): Doesn’t work for SQL Server. Use LEN() for SQL Server. This function
is used to find the length of a word.

Syntax: SELECT char_length('Hello!');


Output: 6

3. CHARACTER_LENGTH(): Doesn’t work for SQL Server. Use LEN() for SQL Server. This
function is used to find the length of a line.

Syntax: SELECT CHARACTER_LENGTH('geeks for geeks');


Output: 15

4. CONCAT(): This function is used to add two words or strings.

Syntax: SELECT 'Geeks' || ' ' || 'forGeeks' FROM dual;


Output: ‘Geeks forGeeks’

5. CONCAT_WS(): This function is used to add two words or strings with a symbol as
concatenating symbol.

Syntax: SELECT CONCAT_WS('_', 'geeks', 'for', 'geeks');


Output: geeks_for_geeks

Database Management Systems


School of Computing
Department Computer Science and Engineering
6. FIND_IN_SET(): This function is used to find a symbol from a set of symbols.

Syntax: SELECT FIND_IN_SET('b', 'a, b, c, d, e, f');

Output: 2

7. FORMAT(): This function is used to display a number in the given format.

Syntax: Format("0.981", "Percent");

Output: ‘98.10%’

8. INSTR(): This function is used to find the occurrence of an alphabet.

Syntax: INSTR('geeks for geeks', 'e');


Output: 2 (the first occurrence of ‘e’)

Syntax: INSTR('geeks for geeks', 'e', 1, 2 );


Output: 3 (the second occurrence of ‘e’)

9. LCASE(): This function is used to convert the given string into lower case.

Syntax: LCASE ("GeeksFor Geeks To Learn");


Output: geeksforgeeks to learn

10. LEFT(): This function is used to SELECT a sub string from the left of given size or
characters.

Syntax: SELECT LEFT('geeksforgeeks.org', 5);


Output: geeks

11. RIGHT(): This function is used to SELECT a sub string from the right end of the given
size.

Syntax: SELECT RIGHT('geeksforgeeks.org', 4);


Output: ‘.org’
Database Management Systems
School of Computing
Department Computer Science and Engineering
12. LENGTH(): This function is used to find the length of a word.

Syntax: LENGTH('GeeksForGeeks');
Output: 13

13. LOCATE(): This function is used to find the nth position of the given word in a string.

Syntax: SELECT LOCATE('for', 'geeksforgeeks', 1);


Output: 6

14. LOWER(): This function is used to convert the upper case string into lower case.

Syntax: SELECT LOWER('GEEKSFORGEEKS.ORG');


Output: geeksforgeeks.org

15. LPAD(): This function is used to make the given string of the given size by adding the given
symbol.

Syntax: LPAD('geeks', 8, '0');


Output: 000geeks

16. RPAD(): This function is used to make the given string as long as the given size by adding the
given symbol on the right.

Syntax: RPAD('geeks', 8, '0');


Output: ‘geeks000’

17. LTRIM(): This function is used to cut the given sub string from the original string.

Syntax: LTRIM('123123geeks', '123');


Output: geeks

Database Management Systems


School of Computing
Department Computer Science and Engineering
18. POSITION(): This function is used to find position of the first occurrence of the given
alphabet.

Syntax: SELECT POSITION('e' IN 'geeksforgeeks');


Output: 2

19. REPEAT(): This function is used to write the given string again and again till the number
of times mentioned.

Syntax: SELECT REPEAT('geeks', 2);


Output: geeksgeeks

18. REPLACE(): This function is used to cut the given string by removing the given sub string.

Syntax: REPLACE('123geeks123', '123');


Output: geeks

20. REVERSE(): This function is used to reverse a string.

Syntax: SELECT REVERSE('geeksforgeeks.org');


Output: ‘gro.skeegrofskeeg’

21. RTRIM(): This function is used to cut the given sub string from the original string.

Syntax: RTRIM('geeksxyxzyyy', 'xyz');


Output: ‘geeks’

22. SPACE(): This function is used to write the given number of spaces.

Syntax: SELECT SPACE(7);


Output: ‘ ‘

Database Management Systems


School of Computing
Department Computer Science and Engineering
23. STRCMP(): This function is used to compare 2 strings.

If string1 and string2 are the same, the STRCMP function will return 0.

If string1 is smaller than string2, the STRCMP function will return -1.

If string1 is larger than string2, the STRCMP function will return 1.

Syntax: SELECT STRCMP('google.com', 'geeksforgeeks.com');

Output: -1

24. SUBSTR(): This function is used to find a sub string from the a string from the given position.

Syntax:SUBSTR('geeksforgeeks', 1, 5);
Output: ‘geeks’

25. SUBSTRING(): This function is used to find an alphabet from the mentioned size and the
given string.

Syntax: SELECT SUBSTRING('GeeksForGeeks.org', 9, 1);


Output: ‘G’

26. TRIM(): This function is used to cut the given symbol from the string.

Syntax: TRIM(LEADING '0' FROM '000123');


Output: 123

27. UCASE(): This function is used to make the string in upper case.

Syntax: UCASE ("GeeksForGeeks");


Output: GEEKSFORGEEKS

Database Management Systems


School of Computing
Department Computer Science and Engineering

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