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HGY2018 pH Meter

Manual
(New Version 3.0)

Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Engineering and Metallurgy, CNNC

BeijingBricemScienceandTechnologyCompany,Ltd.
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 Content
1 Summary ………………………………………………… …… ………………..1
2 Operational principle……………………………………………………………..2
3 Technical specification …………………………………………………………..2
4 Installation and operation ………………………………………………………..3
1，Unpacking……………………………………………………………………3
2，Installation of electronic unit……………… …………… …… ……………3
3，Installation of sensor…………………………………………………………5
4，Connection of sensor and electronic unit………………………… …………6
5，Starting ………………………………………………………………………7
5 Detailed operation introduction………………… ………………………………..8
1. Display and function keys………………… …… ……………………………8
2. Menu operation…………………………… …………………………………8
（1） History data………………………………………………………….8
（2） Hardware testing……………… ………… ……………………….11
（3） Parameter setting………… …………… ………………………….11
（4） Calibration……………… …………………………………………13
6 Stimulating verification…………………………… … ……… ………………..16
7 Instrument maintenance…………………… ………………… ………… ……..19
8 Kit ………………………………………………………………………………..20

9 Order and after service …………………… ………… …………………………20

10 Attachment 1 Contrast table of temperature and buffer solution pH value … …21
 LIST OF ABBREVIATION

Abbreviations Exist in Programme.

COT Current Output
ULA Upper Limit Alarm
LLA Low Limit Alarm
OFS Output Full-Scale
OLL Output Lower Limit
ECT Electrode Constant
SWR Select Water
TCN Time Correction
TST Temperature Setting
MTT Manual Temperature
PMF Password Modification
FCN Flow Compensation
DCV Dynamic Compensation Value
NWR Normal Water
PWR Pure Water
AUPWR Ammoniate Ultra Pure Water
Abbreviations Exist in Component Labels.
TC Temperature Compensation
SC Solution Cell
BRICEM, CNNC Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Engineering and Metallurgy,
CNNC
 1 Summary
HGY2018 pH meter (hereafter call meter) is on-line pH monitor with microprocessor. Its
equipped sensor adopts the compounded electrode of measuring electrode, reference electrode
and temperature compensation electrode. It is widely used for constant monitoring aqueous
solution's pH value of power plant, chemical industry, environment protection, bio-
fermentation, semi-conductor, pharmaceutical industry and other industries. It is applicable for
pH value measuring of power plant feed water, saturated water, condensation water, boiler
water or other high purified water, also applicable for pH value measuring of normal water
sample.
The instrument consists of sensor (include flow-through cell and compounded pH
electrode), electronic unit and cable. Measured aqueous solution flows through sensor, its pH
value and temperature displayed on electronic unit.
The main features are:
1. Overall intelligent: It adopts MCU to complete pH measuring, temperature measurement
and compensation, without function switch and adjusting button.
2. Dual high-resistance preamplifier: input impedance up to 1014Ω, strong anti-interference
3. Large LCD display, English menu guide operation, same screen displays pH value,
temperature, electrode potential, time and instrument status parameter.
4. Temperature auto-compensation is applicable for water, pure water and ammoniate ultra
pure water and other water body. It realizes pH 25℃ converting for pure water and
ammoniate ultra pure water of thermal power plant.
5. Several calibration methods option: one point calibration, two points calibration and
manual entering EO, S.
6. It owns upper limit alarm and low limit alarm functions, and 4~20mA isolate current
output, the low limit output and output full-scale is freely set within measurement range.
7. History data query: it constantly stores pH data for more than 1 year, and records
measuring data automatically in every 10 minutes. The measured pH value of specific
point, time can be obtained in query data status.
8. Hardware testing function: it can detect whether actions of the upper/low limit alarm relay
is normal, 4~20mA isolated current output is correct. It realizes manual current source
function by setting current output, and is convenient to detect recorder and auto-control
device.
9. Backlight function: it can be used in completely obscure and dark environment.
10. Anti-halted (programme) function to make sure the instrument will not halt.
 2 Operational principle
1. Measuring principle
The instrument equipped sensor to monitor pH value of solution. The sensor is a battery
that consists of pH glass electrode and reference electrode. According to Nernst equation, it
forms a potential difference which is related to pH value of solution:
EX = EO + SpH
Such potential difference is amplified by high-input impedance preamplifier, then
thermistor provide temperature signal. These two signals are converted by A/D after being
amplified, via I/O interface chip, and display marked on screen after calculating by MCU.
2. Measuring flow:

A/D 4~20mA
convert
Analog
measurement Alarm

3 Technical specification
1． Measurement range: pH: 0.00～14.00 pH temperature: 0～60.0℃
2． Accuracy: pH: ±0.05 pH temperature: ±0.5℃
3． Water sample temperature: 0 ～ 60.0℃; temperature auto-compensation range: 0 ～
60.0℃(25℃ is basic temperature)
4． Water sample flow: 50～400ml/min(flow request basically stable) water pressure: no
more than 0.6Mpa
5． Input impedance: ≥1×1014Ω
6． Isolated output: 4～20 mA (load resistance≤500Ω) communication interface: RS485
7． Upper/low limit alarm contact capability: 3A240VAC, 6A28VDC
8． Data storage amount: 1 month (1 point/5 min) constantly store time: more than 6 years
9． Power supply: AC 220 V±10 %, 50±1 Hz Power consumption: 10W
10. Dimension of electronic unit: 145(length) ×145(width) ×150(depth)mm
11. Installation of electronic unit: plate-loaded or wall-mounted. Weight: 1.2 Kg
 Wall-mounted trepanning dimension: 138×138mm;
Installation frame is on request which is manufactured by us.
12. Inlet/outlet water pipe link: rigid or soft tube, diameter: ø6(inner)xø8(outer)mm。
13. Working condition: a) environment temperature: 0～50℃;
b) environment relative humidity: ＜85％;
c) no vibration, no corrosive gas, no direct sunlight.

4 Installation and operation

HGY2018 pH meter consists of sensor and electronic unit, connected with cables. Sensor
consists of flow-through cell and compounded pH electrode. The electronic unit has universal
standard enclosure, its wiring are fetched out from terminal.

1. Unpacking
Please check the objects with packing list after opening the case, if there is any missing
please contact with supplier. Generally, it can be opened while installing or operating. If there is
any obvious damage please contact with transporter and supplier.

2. Installation of electronic unit

The electronic unit owns universal standard enclosure which is totally enclosed type of
structure which is made of plastic. The installation can be plate-loaded or wall-mounted. Its
figuration and dimension is like Figure 1:

Figure 1 Figuration and dimension of electronic unit

(1) Plate-loaded installation
The plate-loaded installation’s trepanning dimension is like Figure 2, with equipped fixing
clip to fix the instrument when installing, circle the screw, the fixing clip with gradually close to
plate till it is satisfied.

Figure 2 Trepanning dimension of plate-loaded installation (Unit: mm)

(2) Wall-mounted installation

It is possible to install the electronic unit with the frame that manufactured by us. Firstly link

the equipped fixing clip with frame, clip the instrument and fix it, finally fix the frame on the wall.

The wall-mounted installation is like Figure 3:

Figure 3 Schematic diagram of wall-mounted installation (Unit: mm)

 The distance between electronic unit and sensor is the nearer the better, generally, no more
than 10 meters, so that convenient for connection of pipe and electric; some space should be kept
around instrument for operation and maintenance; it is better to fix the electronic unit on the best
apparent horizon, and install it in a place where is clean, dry, vent and without vibration, corrosive
gas or steam around. In order to avoid influence to signal, the cable which connect electrode and
electronic unit should not be parallel and close to power supply cable. The instrument is precise
equipment which detecting small signal, and needs good grounding. The power supply wire
should be three-wire with reliable grounding, or it will lead to signal unstable.

3. Installation of sensor
The measuring cell of sensor is flow-through type, with compounded pH glass electrode
inside (contains NTC temperature sensor), stainless enclosure, shielding to harmful interference,
easy installation. It just needs to fasten the flow-through cell around water-outlet on frame with
screw, and install the pH electrode on flow-through cell. It is fast-installation structure, when the
compounded pH electrode insert into flow-through cell along opening, and rotate 90o,, install on
flow-through cell and be sealed by its own O seal ring. The flow-through type construction and
installation is like Figure 4:

Figure 4 Construction of flow-through type sensor

Below of Figure 4 is water-inlet, upper is water-outlet, outer diameter of inlet and outlet tube

isφ8, it can be soft tube or rigid tube so that to satisfy the different requirement of customer. The

sensor is easy to install, it just needs to fix the flow-through cell around water-outlet on frame with
screw.

Besides, according to the customer's requirement, the sensor can also be installed by

immersion way. The sensor construction of immersion type is like Figure 5:

Figure 5 Sensor construction of immersion type

4. Connection of sensor and electronic unit

Sensor connects to electronic unit with a 5 meters cable which can be lengthened according
to user's requirement. Power supply, output signal, alarm contact point, and connection of sensor
and electronic unit are fetched out from connection terminal. Insert the marked clip on the end of
cable connection terminal into corresponding connection terminal and fasten with screw. The
connection terminal inside instrument is like Figure 6:
 Figure 6 Connection terminals inside instrument
5. Starting
After installation by the above methods, turn on the power, it displays:

About 10～60 seconds later, the instrument goes into measuring status automatically.
If the LCD is vague under starting and measuring status, open the front panel of instrument,
and adjust the potentiometer RP2(10K)on left-up corner of circuit to make is clear.

Besides, before the instrument begin to work, please correctly set each parameter of
"Parameter Setting", for example: "Water Option", "Upper(Low) Limit Alarm", "Output

Full-scale", "Low Limit Output" and so on. More details see "Parameter Setting".

5 Detailed operation introduction

1. Display and function keys
After entering measuring status, it displays like Figure 7:

Figure 7 Display and panel disposition

The panel function keys are:
are direction keys, with which to go up and down to select item, the selected item
turns light. When starts to correct data, with to add or reduce the value.
is to select the digit position, which has a cursor flashing below when selected.
"Esc" is to exit current status. In the measuring status, press "Esc", to enter main menu. In any
level of menu, press "Esc" to return to previous menu, keep pressing to go back to measuring
status.
"OK" is to enter selected menu, or to ensure the parameter setting.
After entering measuring status, the instrument displays: pH is the major displaying, its
dimension is: 16×24mm; temperature, pH electrode potential, Year/Month/day and hour/minute
are minor displaying, the dimension is: 8×8mm; status remark column's dimension is: 16×16mm,
it remarks following information: ①normal ②upper limit alarm ③ low limit alarm.
Press "Esc" under measuring status to enter main menu.

2. Menu operation
HGY2000 series instruments have multi-functions, adopt categories of menu structures.
There is basically no multiplicity of function keys on panel; it is easy to operate as the screen
request.
Press "Esc" under measuring status to enter main menu, it displays:

With to move the cursor to select one of subject (turns light), press "OK" to
enter submenu. Press "Esc" to return to measuring status.
The menu structure is multi-level, which should be entered and exited one by one. After
entering one submenu, press "Esc" to return to the previous menu, till it goes back to measuring
status.
Once the instrument exits measuring status and enters menu, an internal clock starts up, in
order to prevent error operation that it does not return to measuring status after menu operation
which leads to no measuring for longtime, the clock will auto-record the time of exiting measuring,
and it goes back to measuring status automatically after 5 minutes.
(1) History data
Select "History Data" in main menu, press "OK" the screen displays:

Select "Query Data" and press "OK". The screen displays the latest 10 data; its interval is 5
minutes:
 Press "OK" again, the screen requests to enter query date:

with to enter the query date, press "OK", the screen displays corresponding
data of date. with to check the data of different time period.
In "Query Data" menu, if press "OK" or enter an query date and press "OK", there is no data,
the screen displays:

Press "OK" again, the screen request to enter query date, press "OK" to query a data of new
date, press "Esc" to return to previous menu.
The instrument auto-records measuring data in every 5 minutes, it is able to store the data of
nearly 300 days, the data before will be covered.
Select "Query Calibration" and press "OK", it displays:

Eo stands for zero potential of electrode, S stands for slope of electrode, "1"means one-point
calibration's result,"2"means that of two-point calibration,"3"means manual-entering value.
The instrument stores the calibration and correction of 10 times, user can only view without
correcting.
 Query function of Eo 、S value will truly records electrode's changing and aging process, to
estimate whether it is failure or need to change a electrode. (It is suggested to change an electrode
when Eo is larger than 50, S less than 0.80)
(2) Hardware testing
Select "Hardware Testing" in main menu and press "OK", the screen displays:

With to select a subject, press "OK" to enter corresponding submenu.

Select "Upper Limit Alarm" or "Low Limit Alarm", and press "OK", corresponding alarm
status is selected (turns light, with or to switch upper(low) alarm on/off, corresponding
relay pull-in or release, press "Esc" to cancel the testing function of upper (low) limit alarm.
Select "Current Output" and press "OK", "Current Output" testing function is selected
(output current value turns light), with or to change the output current value, and give the
instrument manual current source function. The purpose of this design is: firstly, allow the user to
check current accuracy within full-scale range; secondly, when it connects to recorder or
slave-computer, it is able to detect the accuracy of recorder and slave-computer, clarify the
responsibilities, and even control adjuster by manual. Press "Esc" to exit "Current Output" testing
function.
(3) Parameter setting
Select "Parameter Setting" in main menu and press "OK", it displays:

In order to prevent misoperation that impact instrument operating, for example correction
function, HGY series instruments set password protection, user must enter with correct password;
while there is no password setting for the operations that has no impact to system.
With and to enter password, press "OK", if the password is correct, it goes into
next step, or it displays "Password Error", press "OK" again to return to "please enter password"
status.
 The original password is: 2018, if it is necessary, the user can change the password according
to "Password Modification" in "Parameter Setting".
Press the original password 2018 and press "OK", it displays:

With or to select corresponding item, when the cursor is on the first one or last
one, press again, the screen displays another page of "Parameter Setting" :

With or to select corresponding item, when the cursor is on the last item, press

the screen displays another page of "Parameter Setting":

Select "Upper Limit Alarm"(or "Low Limit Alarm", "Output Full-scale", "Low Limit
Output") and press "OK" to enter corresponding correction, first digit of parameter has cursor
flashing, with to select correction position (selected position has cursor flashing), with
to correct selected digit. After correction, press "OK" to complete parameter setting. During
correcting, if the "Esc" is pressed, parameter setting will be exited; the original parameter will be
retained.(Remark: parameter is available within measurement range, meanwhile, "Output
Full-scale" is larger than "Low Limit Output", and "Upper Limit Alarm" is larger than "Low
Limit Alarm".)
Select "Electrode Parameter" and press "OK" to enter "Enter EO, S by Manual ". Respectively
set electrode zero potential EO and electrode slope S, firstly the cursor flashing on EO, with to
select position and with to correct. Press again, the cursor flashing on S, with the
same method to set and press "OK" to complete the setting of "Electrode Parameter". "Enter EO, S
by Manual" will be recorded in "Query Calibration". Such function is mainly used for enter zero
potential and slope of a new electrode that is calibrated in lab.
Select "Select Water" and press "OK" to enter water measuring. With or to select
"Normal Water", "Pure Water", or "Ammoniate Ultra Pure Water". User is able to select measuring
water as requirement. "Pure Water" and "Ammoniate Ultra Pure Water" are to convert pH of any
temperature into pH of 25℃, then display, while "Normal Water" has no convert of pH of 25℃.
Select "Time Correction" and press "OK" to enter the correction of Year/Month/Day.
With to select position and with to correct, press "OK" to complete the correction of
Year/Month/Day. Press "OK" again to enter the correction of hour/minute. Press "OK" to
complete time correction.
Select"Temperature Setting" and press "OK", "Temperature Setting" turns light, with or
to alternatively change the temperature setting between "Auto" and "Manual". When "Auto"
is selected, press "OK" to complete auto temperature setting, the instrument measure according to
the automatic temperature compensation. When "Manual" is selected, press "OK" to measure the
temperature compensation by manual. The purpose is to satisfy instrument's normal operation
when temperature measuring circuit failure. When manual is set, the instrument displays "M"
mark. Select "Manual Temperature" and press "OK", "Manual Temperature" turns light, with
to select position (with a cursor flashing) and with to correct, press "OK" to complete
"Manual Temperature" setting. (Generally, "Temperature Setting" is in auto-status.)
Select "Password Modification" and press "OK" to enter "Enter Password 9999", the
password has 4 numbers. With to select position (with a cursor flashing) and to
correct, press "OK" to finish. Next time it should enter "Parameter Setting" with correct new
password. If user forget new password, please contact us.
Select "Flow Compensation" and press "OK", "Flow Compensation" turns light, with or
to alternatively exchange "dynastic" or "static". When "static" is selected, press "OK" to set
"static" flow compensation, in such status, the instrument does not compensate flow; when
"dynastic" is selected, press "OK" to enter dynastic compensation. Select "dynastic compensation
value" and press "OK", the "Dynamic Compensation Value" turns light. With to select
position (a cursor flashing) and with to correct, press "OK" to complete dynamic flow
compensation.

(4) Calibration
Due to the difference of each pH glass electrode, the conversion coefficient (slope) of
electrode to solution pH can not as accurate as theoretical value, and zero potential and slope
changes and aging during using, it needs regularly calibrate the buffer solution to obtain actual
zero potential EO and slope S.
Select "Calibration" in main menu, press "OK", it displays:
 The instrument has one-point calibration and two-point calibration for user to choose.
One-point calibration: with one standard buffer solution calibrate electrode and only calibrate
electrode's zero potential. This method is used in condition of low accuracy requirement to
simplify the operation.
Two-point calibration: select two buffer solution among 4.00pH 、 6.86pH 、 9.18pH. The
electrode should adopt two-point calibration for the first time use, and should be calibrated from
time to time; to make sure the measuring accuracy, two-point calibration should be adopted; if the
displaying value is dissatisfy after one-point calibration, it should calibrate again with two-point
calibration.
When adopts two-point calibration, the user should select two similar buffer solution within
daily measured range to calibrate. For example: measured solution is acid (pH ﹤ 7), it should
choose the buffer solution between pH4.00 and pH6.86 to calibrate. Overall, measured pH should
be close to pH buffer solutions, so that it is able to improve measuring accuracy.
As the screen displays, it is convenience to calibrate intuitively. After calibration, enter
"Parameter Setting" submenu to observe EO and S, the calibration results are recorded in "Query
Calibration" of history data.
With or to move cursor and select calibration method, press "OK" to begin.
Select "One-point Calibration" and press "OK", follow next steps to operate.

With or to select standard buffer solution (4.00、6.86 and 9.18pH solutions are optional),
here assume that 6.86 pH is selected, press "OK", the screen displays:
 As request, clean and dry the electrode, put it into 6.86pH solution, press "OK", the screen
displays:

After millivolt value become stable, press "OK", the calibration result displayed as:

User should decide that, firstly, whether solution's millivolt is same as theoretical value (25℃,
4.00pH solution's theoretical millivolt value is 177.48mV, 6.86 8.3mV, 9.18pH -129mV); secondly,
whether the error of EO value is acceptable. Details should be ensured by user according to the
requirement of measuring accuracy on the spot.
If "Esc" is pressed, calibration result will be cancelled, and the instrument will operate as
original EO, S.
If "OK" is pressed, calibration result will be auto recorded, the instrument operates as new
EO(S retains for one-point calibration), calibration result can be checked in "Query Calibration".
Finally, put the electrode back to flow-through cell and install it, connect to water sample,
press "OK" to complete one-point calibration.
Select "Two-point Calibration" and press "OK", two-point calibration is selected. The
processes are similar to those of one-point calibration; it needs to measure solution 2 after
measuring solution 1. Details are as follow:

Select 9.18 pH solution, press "OK", it displays:

 Clean the electrode and dry it with filter paper, and put the electrode into 9.18 pH solution
and press "OK", it displays:

When millivolt become stable, press "OK", the calibration result displayed as:

Press "OK", the instrument will store calibrated EO and S automatically, which is able to
checked in "Query Calibration"; press "Esc" to cancel calibration result, the instrument operates
according to EO and S.
Next put the electrode back to flow-through cell and install it, connect to water sample, press
"OK" to finish two-point calibration.
Remark: during calibration, parameter setting has nothing to do with "water selection",
while after calibration, if counter-test is required, select "normal water" for "water selection", and
check with attachment 1 according to actual solution temperature.

6 Stimulating verification
If the user tries to check electronic unit, please remove cables linking electronic unit and
sensor, connect mV signal generator and resistance to the terminal electronic unit to carry out
stimulating verification, electronic unit connections like Figure 8:
 Figure 8 Electronic unit stimulating verification connection
As above connection, wiring short circuit should be adopted for "Reference" and "Solution Cell".
"Zero Potential EO", the electrode constant of "Parameter Setting" is set as 0, "Slope S" is 1.
"Temperature Setting" is "Manual", "Manual Temperature" is 25.0℃, the relations between mV
and pH value like following:
Relations of mV value and solution pH value (Manual temperature is 25℃)

MV signal MV signal
pH value pH value
generator(mV) generator(mV)

414.12 0.00 －414.12 14.00

354.96 1.00 －354.96 13.00

295.80 2.00 －295.80 12.00

236.64 3.00 －236.64 11.00

177.48 4.00 －177.48 10.00

118.32 5.00 －118.32 9.00

59.16 6.00 －59.16 8.00

0.00 7.00 0.00 7.00

 It adopts two-wire NTC--minor temperature coefficient thermistor as temperature sensor for
temperature measurement. When calibrating temperature with resistance, please connect the
resistance to the both ends of temperature compensation resistance, make the temperature setting
auto-status, then the resistance value and electronic unit temperature displaying as follow:

Resistance and temperature table (temperature setting is auto)

Resistance(Ω) 7352 4481 2813 2252 1814 1199 811.4 560.3

Temperature(℃) 0.0 10.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0

Error≤±0.5℃ is acceptable.

Remark: after stimulating calibration, please recover "Parameter Setting" before

operation.
 7 Instrument maintenance
The electronic unit don’t need daily maintenance, please contact supplier if any failure
happens.
Please pay attention to following item for sensor (electrode) maintenance:
1. The inlet water sample flow should be as stable as possible.
2. Compounded pH electrode is equipped a protection cap which contains a sponge
immersing special solution to maintenance sensitive membrane moisture, please take the
cap off before using.
3. A new electrode should be immersed in 3mol/L KCL for 24 hours to ensure the
calibration accuracy.
4. After taking off the cap, the sensitive glass bubble of electrode should be prevent
contacting any hardness, because any damage or scratch could lead to electrode failure.
5. If it's been a longtime of water-off or nonuse, electrode should be taken out and put on
protection cap, or put into 3mol/L KCL. Putting in distilled water, protein solution or
acidic fluoride solution is not allowed.
6. The electrode should not contact oil object, contamination on glass marble can be
cleaned with 0.1N hydrochloride acid solution, activated in KCL solution. Keep hands
off the electrode.
7. Keep electrode eduction end clean and dry, without humility or water. Output ends
should be absolutely prevented short-circuit, or it would lead to measuring inaccuracy or
failure.
8. If the slope becomes lower because of having been used for a longtime, please immerse
the bottom of electrode in 4% hydrofluoric acid for 3-5 seconds, and then clean it with
distilled water, immerse it in 0.1N hydrochloride again to renew.
9. It is suggested to calibrate the instrument once in every month under high purity water
measuring environment.
10. If the electrode is failure (in following status), electrode needs to be replaced.
① According to EO 、 S value. EO is larger than 50, S value is less than 0.80, electrode
needs to be replaced
2 After one year using, it needs to be replaced.
 8 Kit
1. HGY2018 electronic unit.......................................................1

2. Sensor (flow-through cell + pH compound electrode)...........1

3. Special cable (linking with sensor).........................................1

4. Ф8mm connecting hose......................................................... 2

5. Installation part and fuse.................................................1 pack

6. Introduction............................................................................1

7. Certification............................................ ..............................1

8. Packing list.............................................................................1

9 Order and after service

The instrument has one year of warranty, we’ll be responsible for the non-anthropogenic

failure within one year.

Company: Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Engineering and metallurgy, CNNC

Address: No.145, Jiukeshu, Tongzhou district, Beijing
Post: ICC, No.234 mailbox, Beijing
Post code; 101149
Service hotline: 010-51674210
Tel/Fax: 010-81512839 010- 81544820
Website: www.bricem.com.cn
Email: [email protected]
 Attachment 1
Contrast table of temperature and buffer solution pH value

pH value
A
Temperature B C
Potassium acid
(℃) Mixed phosphate Sodium tetra borate
phthalate
0.025mol/L 0.01mol/L
0.05mol/L

0 4.01 6.98 9.46

5 4.00 6.95 9.39

10 4.00 6.92 9.33

15 4.00 6.90 9.28

20 4.00 6.88 9.23

25 4.00 6.86 9.18

30 4.01 6.85 9.14

35 4.02 6.84 9.10

40 4.03 6.84 9.07

45 4.04 6.83 9.04

50 4.06 6.83 9.02

55 4.07 6.83 8.99

60 4.09 6.84 8.97