1

Kautilya
Differential Equations DPP-05

1. Find the general solution of the differential (abscissa) and the product of the x coordinate and y
dy coordinate (ordinate) of that point.
equation − y = cos x
dx
dy
6. + 2 y = sin x
2. Find the general solution of the differential equation dx
dy
x + 2 y = x 2 ( x  0) .
dx dy
7. + 3 y = e −2 x
dx
3. Find the general solution of the differential equation
( )
ydx − x + 2 y2 dy = 0 8.
dy y
+ = x2
4. Find the particular solution of the differential dx x
dy
equation + y cot x = 2x + x 2 cot x ( x  0) given dy  
dx 9. cos2 x + y = tan x  0  x  
 dx  2
that y = 0 when x = .
2
dy
10. x + 2 y = x 2 log x
5. Find the equation of a curve passing through the point dx
(0,1) . If the slope of the tangent to the curve at any
point (x, y) is equal to the sum of the x coordinate
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Answer Key
1. (H & S) 6. (H & S)
2. (H & S) 7. (H & S)
3. (H & S) 8. (H & S)
4. (H & S) 9. (H & S)
5. (H & S) 10. (H & S)
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Hints and Solutions

1. Given differential equation is of the form Therefore, solution of the given equation is given by
dy y.x 2 =  ( x ) ( x ) dx + C =  x dx + C
2 3
+ Py = Q , where P = - I and Q = cos x
dx
x2
Therefore I .F = e1dx e x Or y = + Cx −2
Multiplying both sides of equation by I.F, we get 4
dy − x Which is a general solution of the given differential
e− x − e y = e − x cos equation.
dx
dy
Or
dx
( )
ye − x = e − x cos x
3. The given differential equation can be written as
On integrating both side with respect to x, we get dx x
− =2y

ye−1 = e− x cos xdx + C ..... (1) dy y
This is a linear differential equation of the type
Let I =  e −x
cos xdx
dx 1
+ P1 x = Q1 where P1 = − and Q1 = 2 y
 e− x  dy y
 ( − sin x ) ( −e ) dx
−x
= cos x  − 1
 −1   − y dy −1
1
= e − log y = e ( ) =
log y
Therefore I .F = e

= − cos xe− x − sin xe− x dx y
1 1
= − cos xe −x
 ( ) 
− sin x −e − x − cos x −e − x dx 
( ) x
y
= (2 y )   dy + C
  y

= − cos xe− x + sin xe− x − cos xe− x dx x
Or = (2dy ) + C
y 
−x
Or I = −e cos x + sin xe− x − I
x
Or 2I = ( sin x − cos x ) e − x Or = 2 y + C
y
( sin x − cos x ) e − x Or x = 2 y 2 + Cy
Or I =
2 Which is a general solution of the given differential
Substituting the value of I in equation (1), we get equation.
 sin x − cos x  − x
ye − x =  e + C
 2  4. The given equation is a linear differential equation
 sin x − cos x  dy
Or y =  x of the type + Py = Q ,
2  + Ce dx
 
Which is the general solution of the given Where P = cot x and Q = 2x + x 2 cot x . Therefore,
differential equation. I .F = ecot xdx elogsin x sin x
Hence, the solution of the differential equation is
given by
 (2x + x cot x ) sin xdx + C
2. The given differential equation is 2
y.sin x =
dy
x + 2 y = x 2 ...... (1)
dx Or y sin x =  2x sin xdx +  x cos xdx + C
2

Dividing both sides of equation (1) by x, we get

Or
dy 2
+ y=x  2x 2   2x 2 
dx x
 
2
y sin x = sin x   − cos x   dx + x cos xdx + C
Which is a linear differential equation of the type  2   2 
dy 2
dx
+ Py = Q , where P = and Q = x
x
 
Or y sin x = x 2 sin x − x 2 cos xdx + x 2 cos xdx + C

So,
2
Or y sin x = x sin x + C ..... ( 1)
2 
 dx = e2log x = e log x = x 2 as e ( ) = f ( x ) 
2 log f x
I.F = Substituting y = 0 and x = in equation (1) , we get
ex   2
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2 6. Given
   
0 =   sin   + C dy
2 2 + 2 y = sin x
dx
− 2 dy
Or C = Given equation in the form of + py = Q where P
4 dx
Substituting the value of C in equation (1), we get = 2 and Q = sin x
2
y sin x = x 2 sin x − Now, I .F = −e  = e  = e zx
pdx zdx
4
Thus, the solution of the given differential equation
 2
Or y = x2 − ( sin x  0) is given by the relation
4sin x
Which is the particular solution of the given y ( I .F ) = − (Q  I .F ) dx + C

differential equation.  ye =  sin x.e dx + C
2x 2x
.......... (1)
5. We know that the slope of the tangent to the curve is Let I =  sin x .e dx2x

dy
Integrating using chain rule we get
dx
 d zdx 
dy  I = sinx e2x dx −  ( sin x ) .e   dx
 
Therefore, = x + xy  dx 
dx
dy e2 x  e2 x 
Or
dx
− xy = x ..... (1 ) = sin x .
2 

−  cos x .
2 
 dx
This is a linear differential equation of the type On integrating and computing we get
dy
+ Py = Q , Where P = - x and Q = x
dx e2x sin x 1   d  
−x 2 = − cos x e2x −  ( cos x ) . e2x dx  dx 
  
2 2  dx  

Therefore, I.F = − xdx = e 2

e2x sin x 1  e2 x e2 x 
 ( − sin x ) .
e
= − cos − dx 
Hence, the solution of equation is give by 2 2  2 2 
− x2  − x2 
y.e 2 = ( x )  e 2  dx + C ..... ( 2) e2x sin x e2x cos x 1
 



=
2
−
4
−
4 (
sin x .e2x dx )
− x2
Above equation can be written as
Let I = (x) e 2 dx
=
e2 x
(2sin x − cos x ) − I
1
4 4
−x2 2x
Let = t then, - x dx = dt or x dx = - dt 5 e
2  I= (2sin x − cos x )
−x 4 4

Therefore, I = − et dt = −et = −e 2
 I=
e2 x
(2sin x − cos x )
Substituting the value of I in equation (2), we get 5
− x2 x2
Now, putting the value of I in 1, we get
ye 2 =e 2 +C e2 x
 ye2x = (2sin x − cos x ) + C
x2 5
Or y = −1 + Ce 2 ...... (3) 1
 y = ( 2sin x − cos x ) + Ce −2x
Now (3) represents the equation of family of curves. 5
But we are interested in finding a particular member Therefore, the required general solution of the
of the family passing through (0,1) . Substituting x = given differential equation is
1
y = ( 2sin x − cos x ) + Ce −2 x
0 and y = 1 in equation (3) we get
1 = −1 + C .e0 or C = 2 5
Substituting the value of C in equation (3), we get
x2 7. Given
y = −1 + 2e 2 dy
+ 3 y = e −2 x
Which is the equation of the required curve. dx
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dy dy
This is equation in the form of + py = Q Given equation is in the form of + py = Q
dx dx
Where p = 3 and Q = e −2x Where p = sec2 x and Q = sec2 x tan x

Now I .F = e  = e  = e3x Now, I .F = e  = e 

pdx 3dx pdx sec2 xdx
= e tan x
Thus, the solution of the given differential equation Thus, the solution of the given differential equation
is given by the relation is given by the relation
y ( I .F ) = (Q  I.F ) dx + C y ( I .F ) =  (Q  I.F) dx + C
 ye3x =  ( e  e ) dx + C
−2x 2x
 y.etan x =  e dx + C
tan x
... (1)

 ye3x =  e dx + C
x Now, Let t = tan x
d dt
On integrating we get = ( tan x ) =
dx dx
 ye3x = e x + C dt
 sec2 x =
 y = e−2x + Ce −3x dx
Therefore, the required general solution of the  sec2 xdx = dt
given differential equation is y Thus, the equation 1 becomes,
= e−2x + Ce−3x  y.etan x =  (e .t ) dt + C
t

8. Given  y.etan x =  (t .e )dt + C

t

dy y
+ = x2 Using chain rule for integration we get
dx x
d 
dy  y.etan x = t . et dt −  (t ) et dt  dt + C
  
This is equation in the form of + py = Q  dt 
dx
1
Where, p = and Q = x 
 y.etan x = t .et − et dt + C 
x On integrating we get
1
 tetan x = ( t − 1) et + C
Now, I .F = e  = e  = elog x = x
pdx dx
x

Thus, the solution of the given differential equation  tetan x = ( tax − 1 ) e tan x + C
is given by the relation  y = ( tan x − 1 ) + Ce − tan x
y ( I .F ) =
 (Q  I.F ) dx + C Therefore, the required general solution of the given
 y ( x ) =  ( x .x ) dx + C
2 differential equation is
y = ( tan x − 1 ) + Ce − tan x
 xy =  ( x ) dx + C
3

On integrating we get 10. Given

dy
x4 x + 2 y = x 2 log x
 xy = +C dx
4
The above equation can be written as
Therefore, the required general solution of the given
dy 2
differential equation is  + y = x log x
dx x
x4
xy = + C dy
4 This is equation in the form of + py = Q
dx
2
9. Given Where p = and Q= x logx
dy x
cos2 x + y = tan x 2
Now, I.F =e = e  x = e ( ) = elog x = x 2
dx pdx dx  log x 2

The above equation can be written as

Thus, the solution of the given differential equation
dy
 + sec2 x . y = sec2 x tan x is given by the relation
dx
y(I .F ) =  (Q  I.F ) dx + C
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 y.x 2 =  ( x log x.x )dx + C

2 Integrating and simplifying we get
x 4 log x 1 x 4
The above equation becomes  x2 y = − . +C
4 4 4
 x2 y = (x )
2
log x dx + C 1
 x2 y = x 4 ( 4log x − 1) + C
On integrating using chain rule we get 16
d  1
 x2 y = log x . x 2dx −  ( log x ) . x 2dx  dx + C
    y = x 2 ( 4log x − 1) + Cx −2
 dx  16
 1 x4  Therefore, the required general solution of the given
x4
 x 2 y = log
4 
−  .  dx + C
x 4 
differential equation
1 2
y= x ( 4log x − 1) + Cx −2
x 4 log x 1 3 16
 x y =
4
−
4
x dx + C 

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