SOLAR INVERTERS

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ABOUT SOLAR INVERTER
Inverter is considered as the brain of Solar PV photovoltaic and
it works as the gateway between PV and energy off taker.

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TYPES OF SOLAR PV SYSTEMS
Types of
Solar PV
Systems

Off-Grid On-Grid
Solar PV Solar PV
System System

Stand- Hybrid Grid-Tied Grid-

Alone System or Grid- Interactive
System Connected or Hybrid
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 TYPES OF SOLAR INVERTER
INVERTER

BASED ON APPLICATION BASED ON RATED CAPACITY

• Grid Connected Inverters • Central Inverters
• Stand Alone Inverters • String Inverters
• Hybrid Inverters

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GIRD CONNECTED INVERTER
Grid connected inverter takes input from PV and supplies to grid.
The grid connected inverter takes the reference from the grid for its operation with
following criteria
➢Grid Voltage
➢Grid Frequency
➢Phase
If grid is absent the inverters shuts down.
Grid connected inverter comes with the anti-islanding feature.

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Frequency 50Hz .
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③ voltage
Iph-220rza = 10
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Anti-Islanding
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OFF GRID INVERTER
Operates from batteries and independent of utility grid.

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 STRING INVERTER

• A string-inverter is a standalone box that is typically installed close to your fuse box and
electricity meter.
• There is typically only one, or possibly two, string inverters on each residential solar installation

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ADVANTAGES:
The advantage of a string inverter is that you only need one of them.
If anything is going to fail in a solar system it is likely to be the inverter and so it is
less likely that as an installer you will have to go back to a job.
Cost is another advantage, a single string inverter on a solar panel installation is
usually cheaper than installing micro-inverters.

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CENTRAL INVERTER
In central inverter all the string from are wholly connected to a single central inverter

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 MICRO INVERTER ADVANTAGES
•A microinverter consists of a small box located on the back of or situated very close
to a solar panel.
•Its role is to convert the DC electricity produced by a single solar panel.

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 MICRO INVERTER ADVANTAGES
Panel level MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking)
Increase system availability – a single malfunctioning panel will not have such an impact on the
entire array
Panel level monitoring
Lower DC voltage, increasing safety. No need for ~ 600 V DC cabling requiring conduits
Allows for increased design flexibility, modules can be oriented in different directions
Increased yield from sites that suffer from overshadowing, as one shadowed module doesn’t
drag down a whole string
No need to calculate string lengths – simpler to design systems
Ability to use different makes/models of modules in one system, particularly when repairing or
updating older systems

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MICRO INVERTER DISADVANTAGES
Higher costs in terms of dollars per watt, currently up to double the cost compared to
string inverters
Increased complexity in installation
Given their positioning in an installation, some micro-inverters may have issues in
extreme heat
Increased maintenance costs due to there being multiple units in an array

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PV – GRID HYBRID INVERTERS

Hybrid inverter
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HYBRID SYSTEM
(OFF-GRID AND ON-GRID COMBINATION)

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GRID SYNC – HYBRID INVERTER GENERAL WIRING

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GRID SYNC HYBRID INVERTERS – OFF GRID
INVERTERS

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GRID SYNC HYBRID INVERTERS – GRID SYNC
LOAD SHARING

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GRID SYNC HYBRID INVERTERS – LOAD SHARING

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400W
(import
600
· 1000W

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H1000W
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GRID SYNC HYBRID INVERTERS – LOAD SHARING

Y -
dow (Export)
1000W ·

X400 W
400W
H

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GRID SYNC HYBRID INVERTERS – GRID FEEDING

S
G
W
1000
- T100or
our
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GRID SYNC HYBRID INVERTERS – PEAK POWER
SHAVING

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MPPT(S) & STRINGS

D i/P
of

*
ze

Ex

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MPPT(S) & STRINGS

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InRemot 24 sys)
MPPT(S) & STRINGS

D
&
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MPPT(S) & STRINGS

Tipil a
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SINGLE PHASE TO THREE PHASES SYSTEM
Small generators give a very distorted voltage

Output Voltage, three phase system with single phase

generator

500
400
300
generator
200 output
100
0 phase 2
[V]

-100 0 10 20 30 40
-200 phase 3
-300
-400
-500
time [ms]

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GOOD OFF-GRID INVERTER NEEDS TO HAVE
• Heavy duty working • High surge handling capacity
• Pure sine wave capable of handling varying PF Load
• Low conversion loss High • Less Weight
Efficiency • Safe – DC v
• Low no Load loss • Low noise
• Auto shut out on no Load • Capable of handling various Battery
• Auto restart capacities

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MAIN FACTORS GOVERNING GRID TIED INVERTERS
• Grid Voltage Other points
• Harmonics
• Grid Frequency • Isolation
• PF • Anti-Islanding – (disconnect in less than 2 sec with LCR
Loads) Can be checked with scheduled power cut for 5
• Fluctuations (LVRT and mins
HVRT)

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OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF
INVERTER
The operation and maintenance of inverter is scheduled time to time for proper
functioning of inverter, followings needs to be checked.

Line voltage / power

Grid trip
Modules mismatch
Insufficient cooling
High humidity
Insects
Dust
Regular cleaning
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POSSIBLE FAULTY CONDITIONS IN INVERTERS
• Short circuit
• Overload
• Overheat
• Spikes generation
• Reverse Voltage
• Dust
• Water
• Lightning

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PROTECTIONS
•Installation methods
•Lightning
•Earthing
•SPDs
•Spare parts
• Fuse
• Fans
• Capacitors
• Breakers
• Control cards

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TECHNICAL DATASHEET OF INVERTERS(HUAWEI INVERTER)

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TECHNICAL DATASHEET OF INVERTERS(HUAWEI INVERTER)

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TECHNICAL DATASHEET OF INVERTERS(HUAWEI INVERTER)

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ADVANTAGES OF SOLAR AND WIND HYBRID

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MAIN COMPONENTS OF PCU
➢ IGBTs ➢DC and AC Isolators
➢ Gate Driver Cards ➢Fuses for DC inputs
➢ Snubber Capacitors & Discharge ➢Cabinet and L-C-L filter cooling fans
Resistors ➢Transformer (Only for PCUs with transformer isolation)
➢ Heat sink with blower fans ➢DSP Card with communication interface
➢ DC Bus Capacitor ➢EMI & EMC Filters
➢ L-C-L Filter ➢Surge Protection Devices (SPDs)
➢ Grid Synchronizing Contactor

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IMPORTANT PARAMETERS OF PCU
➢ DC Nominal and Maximum Power
➢ Efficiency – Maximum and ➢Protection Features

European ➢Ingress Protection (IP) rating

➢ Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) ➢Operating range of temperature

➢ MPPT Range ➢Dimensions and Weight

➢ Aux. power consumption ➢Remote & Local controlling and monitoring

➢ Grid voltage and frequency

tolerances

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SELECTION OF INVERTER
•Inverter selection ( Voc / Vmp / Frequency / LVRT / HVRT / Anti-islanding )
•Efficiency (peak and Euro)
•Ambient temperature
•Secondary voltage
•Breaker requirement at the o/p
•Technology (for thin film and crystalline)
•Foot Print
•Cooling System
•Spares availability
•Replacement parts (capacitors / Stack / Fans / Fuses )
•Reactive power management
•SCADA compatibility
•IP Rating
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SPARES TO BE STOCKED FOR SOLAR INVERTER
•Fuses
•Stack
•Exhaust Fan
•MCBs
•SPDs
•Control Card
•Filters
•Cables / Lugs
•Breakers
•Capacitors

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