CE 514

FOUNDATION ENGINEERING

Prepared by:

Engr. John Ronald R. Fortuito

Instructor/Reg. Civil Engineer
ACI Certified Concrete Field Testing Technician Grade 1
 Design of Square Footing
Course Objectives:
Given the loads:
• Design the dimension of the footing
• Check the wide beam shear
• Check the punching shear
• Determine the number of bars in each side
Example
The square footing shown supports the
350mm x 350mm square column. Given
PDL = 500 kN
the following data: PLL = 300 kN

Column loads:
Dead load = 500 kN
Live load = 300 kN
Main bar diameter = 20 mm γsoil = 15.74 kN/m3
Concrete strength, fc’ = 20.7 MPa
Steel strength, fy = 415 MPa 1.5 m
Clear concrete cover = 75 mm
γconc = 23.5 kN/m3
Allowable soil pressure = 240 kPa

Design the square footing and determine

the required number of bars in each
direction.
Solution: PDL = 500 kN
PLL = 300 kN
1. Dimension of the square footing:
Assume thickness of footing = 400 mm.
Effective soil pressure: γsoil = 15.74 kN/m3 1.1 m
qe = 240 – 1.1 (15.74) – 0.4 (23.5)
qe = 213.29 kPa
γconc = 23.5 kN/m3 0.4 m
Area required:
qu
P +P
Afooting = DL LL
qe
500 + 300
L2 =
213.29
L = 1.94 m say 2.00 m

Ultimate upward soil pressure:

1.2PDL + 1.6PLL
qu =
Afooting
1.2(500) + 1.6(300)
qu =
2(2)
qu =270 kPa
Solution: (2000 – 350)/2 = 825

Check for Wide Beam shear:

350 530
Effective depth:

350
d = 400 – 75 – 20 – 10 = 295 mm

d= 295
Vu = 270 (2 x 0.53) = 286.2 kN
Vu = Vc
Vu = 0.17 λ bw d
286200 = 0.75(0.17)(1) 20.7 (2000) d
d =246.68 mm < 295 mm (OK)

Check for Punching shear: 2000

Effective depth:
d = 400 – 75 – 20 = 305 mm
Vu = Pu – qu (c+d)2

350 + d = 655
Vu = 1080 – 270 (0.655)2 350

350
Vu = 964.16 kN
Vu = Vc
Vu = 0.33 λ bo d
964160 = 0.75 (0.33) (1) 20.7 (4)(655)d 350 + d = 655
d = 326.80 mm > 305 mm (Not OK)
Solution: PDL = 500 kN
PLL = 300 kN
Try thickness of footing = 450 mm.
Effective soil pressure:
qe = 240 – 1.05 (15.74) – 0.45 (23.5) γsoil = 15.74 kN/m3 1.05 m
qe = 212.90 kPa

Area required: γconc = 23.5 kN/m3 0.45 m

P +P
Afooting = DL LL qu
qe
500 + 300
L2 =
212.90
L = 1.94 m say 2.00 m

Ultimate upward soil pressure:

1.2PDL + 1.6PLL
qu =
Afooting
1.2(500) + 1.6(300)
qu =
2(2)
qu =270 kPa
Solution: (2000 – 350)/2 = 825

Check for Wide Beam shear:

350 480
Effective depth:
d = 450 – 75 – 20 – 10 = 345 mm

350
Vu = 270 (2 x 0.48) = 259.2 kN

d= 345
Vu = Vc
Vu = 0.17 λ bw d
259200 = 0.75(0.17)(1) 20.7 (2000) d
d =223.41 mm < 345 mm (OK)

Check for Punching shear:

Effective depth: 2000
d = 450 – 75 – 20 = 355 mm
Vu = Pu – qu (c+d)2
Vu = 1080 – 270 (0.705)2
Vu = 945.80 kN

350 + d = 705
Vu = Vc 350
Vu = 0.33 λ bo d

350
945800 = 0.75 (0.33) (1) 20.7 (4)(705)d
d = 297.84 mm < 355 mm (OK)
350 + d = 705
Use 2.00 m x 2.00 m x 0.45 m square footing.
Solution: (2000 – 350)/2 = 825
Required Strength, Mu
Mu = 270 (2) (0.825) (0.825/2) = 183.77 kN.m 825/2
Used d = 450 – 75 – 10 = 365 mm 350
Mu 183.77 x 106

350
2m
Rn = =
Ø b d2 0.90 (2000) (365)2
Rn = 0.766 MPa
0.85 fc’ 2Rn
ρ=
fy 0.85fc’

0.85(20.7) 2(0.766)
ρ= 2m
415 0.85(20.7)
1.4
ρ = 0.00189 ; ρmin = = 0.00337 Spacing of main bars:
fy
L – 2( clear cover)
Use ρ = ρmin = 0.00337 S=
N−1
2000 – 2(75)
As = ρ b d = 0.00337 (2000)(365) = 2460 mm2 S=
8−1
A 2460
N= s =π = 7.83 say 8 bars S = 264.28 mm say 260 mm
Ab 2
4 (20)
Use 8- 20mm diameter bars both ways
Example (CE Board May 2012) PDL = 680 kN
PLL = 400 kN
The square footing 2.4 m x 2.4 m x 0.45 m
thick supports a rectangular column 0.35
m x 0.40 m at its center. Given the
following data:

Column loads:
Dead load = 680 kN
d= 0.35 m 0.45 m
Live load = 400 kN 0.1 m
Main bar diameter = 20 mm
Concrete strength, fc’ = 20.7 MPa 2.4 m
Steel strength, fy = 275 MPa
Concrete cover to the centroid of steel
reinforcement = 100 mm 0.4

0.35
2.4 m
Determine the maximum wide-beam and
punching shear stress. Determine the
number of 20 mm diameter bars required
for critical moment.
 critical section critical section for
Solution: for moment wide-beam shear
1. Maximum Wide Beam Shear Stress:
Effective depth:
d = 450 – 100 – 20 = 330 mm
0.695
Pu = 1.2PDL + 1.6PLL
Pu = 1.2(680) + 1.6(400) 0.4
d= 0.33
Pu = 1456 kN
Pu 1456 0.35
qu = = = 252.78 kPa
Afooting 2.4(2.4)
Vu = 252.78 (2.4 x 0.695) = 421.64 kN
Vu 1.025
ν=
Ø bw d
421640
ν=
0.75(2400)(330)
ν = 0.71 MPa 2.4

νall = 0.17 λ bw d
νall = 0.17 (1) 20.7 (2400) (330)
νall = 0.61 MPa (Not OK)
 critical section for
Solution: punching shear
2. Maximum Punching Shear Stress:
Effective depth:
d = 450 – 100 – 10 = 340 mm
Vu = 1456 - 252.78 (0.74 x 0.69) = 1326.93 kN c1 + d = 740
Vu

c2 + d = 690
ν=
Ø bo d
1326930 0.4
ν= 0.35 2.4
0.75(2860)(340)
ν = 1.82 MPa

νall = 0.33 λ b0 d
νall = 0.33 (1) 20.7 (2860) (340)
νall = 1.46 MPa (Not OK)
2.4
Solution:
3. Number of 20mm diameter bars required
for critical moment: critical section
Mu = 252.78 (2.4)(1.025)(1.025/2) = 318.69 kN.m for moment
Used d = 450 – 100 = 350 mm
Mu 318.69 x106
Rn = =
Ø b d2 0.90 (2400) (350)2
Rn = 1.2 MPa 0.4
0.85 fc’ 2Rn
ρ= 0.35
fy 0.85fc’

0.85(20.7) 2(1.2)
ρ= 1.025
275 0.85(20.7)
1.4
ρ = 0.00452 ; ρmin = = 0.00509
fy
Use ρ = ρmin = 0.00509 2.4
As = ρ b d = 0.00509 (2400)(350) = 4275.6 mm2
A 4275.6
N= s =π = 13.61 say 14 bars
Ab 2
4 (20)
Use 14- 20mm diameter bars both ways