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Statistik

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12 views1 page

Statistik

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RH Heidas
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This article is about the field of statistics.

For statistics about Wikipedia, see


Wikipedia:Statistics. For other uses, see Statistics (disambiguation).

Statistics is the science of the collection, organization, and interpretation of data.[1][2] It deals
with all aspects of this, including the planning of data collection in terms of the design of
surveys and experiments.[1] Statistics is closely related to probability theory, with which it is
often grouped.

A statistician is someone who is particularly well versed in the ways of thinking necessary for
the successful application of statistical analysis. Such people have often gained this
experience through working in any of a wide number of fields. There is also a discipline
called mathematical statistics, which is concerned with the theoretical basis of the subject.

The word statistics, when referring to the scientific discipline, is singular, as in "Statistics is
an art."[3] This should not be confused with the word statistic, referring to a quantity (such as
mean or median) calculated from a set of data,[4], whose plural is statistics, e.g. "This statistic
seems wrong." or "These statistics are misleading."

Statistics is considered by some to be a mathematical science pertaining to the collection,


analysis, interpretation or explanation, and presentation of data,[5] while others consider it a
branch of mathematics[6] concerned with collecting and interpreting data. Because of its
empirical roots and its focus on applications, statistics is usually considered to be a distinct
mathematical science rather than a branch of mathematics.[7][8]

Statisticians improve the quality of data with the design of experiments and survey sampling.
Statistics also provides tools for prediction and forecasting using data and statistical models.
Statistics is applicable to a wide variety of academic disciplines, including natural and social
sciences, government, and business.

Statistical methods can be used to summarize or describe a collection of data; this is called
descriptive statistics. This is useful in research, when communicating the results of
experiments. In addition, patterns in the data may be modeled in a way that accounts for
randomness and uncertainty in the observations, and are then used to draw inferences about
the process or population being studied; this is called inferential statistics. Inference is a vital
element of scientific advance, since it provides a prediction (based in data) for where a theory
logically leads. To further prove the guiding theory, these predictions are tested as well, as
part of the scientific method. If the inference holds true, then the descriptive statistics of the
new data increase the soundness of that hypothesis. Descriptive statistics and inferential
statistics (a.k.a., predictive statistics) together comprise applied statistics.[9]

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