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Sample Problems for the Third In-Class Exam
Math 246, Fall 2019, Professor David Levermore
(1) Compute the Laplace transform of f (t) = t e3t u(t − 2) from its definition.
(2) Consider the following MATLAB commands.
>> syms t y(t) s Y
>> f = heaviside(t)*tˆ2 + heaviside(t − 3)*(3*t − tˆ2);
>> diffeqn = diff(y, 2) − 6*diff(y, 1) + 10*y(t) == f;
>> eqntrans = laplace(diffeqn, t, s);
>> algeqn = subs(eqntrans, ...
[laplace(y(t), t, s), y(0), subs(diff(y(t), t), t, 0)], [Y, 2, 3]);
>> ytrans = simplify(solve(algeqn, Y));
>> y = ilaplace(ytrans, s, t)
(a) Give the initial-value problem for y(t) that is being solved.
(b) Find the Laplace transform Y (s) of the solution y(t).
DO NOT take the inverse Laplace transform of Y (s) to find y(t), just solve for Y (s)!
You may refer to the table on the last page.
(3) Find Y (s) = L[y](s) where y(t) solves the initial-value problem
y 00 + 4y 0 + 13y = f (t) , y(0) = 4 , y 0 (0) = 1 ,
where (
cos(t) for 0 ≤ t < 2π ,
f (t) =
t − 2π for t ≥ 2π .
DO NOT take the inverse Laplace transform of Y (s) to find y(t), just solve for Y (s)!
(4) Find X(s) = L[x](s) where x(t) solves the initial-value problem
x00 + 4x = δ(t − 3) , x(0) = 5 , x0 (0) = 0 .
DO NOT take the inverse Laplace transform of X(s) to find x(t), just solve for X(s)!
(5) Find the inverse Laplace transforms of the following functions.
2
(a) F (s) = ,
(s + 5)2
3s
(b) F (s) = 2 ,
s −s−6
(s − 2)e−3s
(c) F (s) = 2 .
s − 4s + 5
1
2
(6) For each of the following differential operators compute its Green function g(t) and
its natural fundamental set for t = 0.
(a) L = D4 + 8D2 − 9 ,
(b) L = (D − 2)3 .
(7) Recast the equation u000 + t2 u0 − 3u = sinh(2t) as a first-order system of ordinary
differential equations.
(8) Two interconnected tanks are filled with brine (salt water). At t = 0 the first tank
contains 45 liters and the second contains 30 liters. Brine with a salt concentration
of 5 grams per liter flows into the first tank at 6 liters per hour. Well-stirred brine
flows from the first tank into the second at 8 liters per hour, from the second into
the first at 7 liters per hour, from the first into a drain at 4 liter per hour, and from
the second into a drain at 3 liters per hour. At t = 0 there are 27 grams of salt in
the first tank and 18 grams in the second.
(a) Give an initial-value problem that governs the amount of salt in each tank as a
function of time.
(b) Give the interval of definition for the solution of this initial-value problem.
(9) Consider the matrices

−i2 1 + i 7 6
A= , B= .
2 + i −4 8 7
Compute the matrices
(a) AT ,
(b) A ,
(c) AH ,
(d) 5A − B ,
(e) AB ,
(f) B−1 .
4 2
t +3 t
(10) Consider the vector-valued functions x1 (t) = 2 , x2 (t) = .
2t 3
(a) Compute the Wronskian Wr[x1 , x2 ](t).
(b) Find A(t) such that x1 , x2 is a fundamental set of solutions to the system
x0 = A(t)x ,
wherever Wr[x1 , x2 ](t) 6= 0.
(c) Give a fundamental matrix Ψ(t) for the system found in part (b).
(d) For the system found in part (b), solve the initial-value problem

0 1
x = A(t)x , x(1) = .
0
(e) For the A(t) found in part (b), give the Green matrix for the system
x0 = A(t)x + f (t) .
3
(11) Compute etA for the following matrices.

1 4
(a) A =
1 1

6 4
(b) A =
−1 2
(12) Give the Green matrix for the system x0 = Ax + f (t) when

1 4
(a) A =
1 1

6 4
(b) A =
−1 2
(13) Consider the matrix

 
−1 −2 1
A= 4 0 −2 .
−2 0 1
Compute etA given that the characteristic polynomial of A is p(z) = z 3 + 9z and that
the natural fundamental set of solutions associated with t = 0 for D3 + 9D is
N1 (t) = 13 sin(3t) , N2 (t) = 19 1 − cos(3t) .

N0 (t) = 1 ,
(14) Solve each of the following initial-value problems.

d x 2 2 x x(0) 1
(a) = , = .
dt y 5 −1 y y(0) −1

d x 1 1 x x(0) 1
(b) = , = .
dt y −4 1 y y(0) 1
(15) Find a general solution for each of the following systems.

d x 3 −4 x
(a) =
dt y 1 −1 y

d x 2 −5 x
(b) =
dt y 4 −2 y

d x 5 4 x
(c) =
dt y −5 1 y
4
(16) Given that 1 is an eigenvalue of the matrix

 
2 −1 1
A = 1 1 −1 ,
0 −1 3
find all the eigenvectors of A associated with 1.
(17) Consider the matrix
3 3
A= .
4 −1
(a) Find all the eigenvalues of A.
(b) For each eigenvalue of A find all of its eigenvectors.
(c) Diagonalize A.
(d) Compute etA .
(e) Compute (sI − A)−1 for every s where it is defined.
(18) What answer will be produced by the following Matlab command?
>> A = [1 4; 3 2]; [vect, val] = eig(sym(A))
You do not have to give the answer in Matlab format.
(19) A 3 × 3 matrix A has the eigenpairs
        
1 −1 1
−3 , 1 , 2 ,  1  , 5 , −1 .
0 1 2
(a) Give an invertible matrix V and a diagonal matrix D such that etA = VetD V−1 .
(You do not have to compute either V−1 or etA !)
(b) Give a fundamental matrix for the system x0 = Ax.
Table of Laplace Transforms
n!
L[tn eat ](s) = for s > a .
(s − a)n+1
s−a
L[eat cos(bt)](s) = for s > a .
(s − a)2 + b2
b
L[eat sin(bt)](s) = for s > a .
(s − a)2 + b2
L[j 0 (t)](s) = sJ(s) − j(0) where J(s) = L[j(t)](s) .
L[tn j(t)](s) = (−1)n J (n) (s) where J(s) = L[j(t)](s) .
L[eat j(t)](s) = J(s − a) where J(s) = L[j(t)](s) .
L[u(t − c)j(t − c)](s) = e−cs J(s) where J(s) = L[j(t)](s), c ≥ 0,
and u is the unit step function.
L[δ(t − c)j(t)](s) = e−cs j(c) where c ≥ 0 and δ is the unit impulse.

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Sample Problems for the Third In-Class Exam

Math 246, Fall 2019, Professor David Levermore

(11) Compute etA for the following matrices.

(13) Consider the matrix

(14) Solve each of the following initial-value problems.

(15) Find a general solution for each of the following systems.

(16) Given that 1 is an eigenvalue of the matrix

Table of Laplace Transforms

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