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Unit 2

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17 views5 pages

Unit 2

Uploaded by

syashika1804
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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1.

Research Design

● Definition: A research design is a detailed plan outlining how to collect and


analyze data in a way that meets the study’s objectives efficiently.

● Purpose: It helps ensure that the data collected is relevant to the research
questions and that it is gathered economically and objectively.

● Components:

1. Operational Variables: Transform research questions and hypotheses


into measurable variables.

2. Efficient Process: Outline the process to achieve goals effectively.

3. Control Mechanisms: Implement methods to control the impact of


variables that could influence the study’s results.

2. Types of Research Designs

● Exploratory Research Design:

○ Purpose: To explore and clarify a problem or situation.

○ Characteristics: Simple, flexible, and loosely structured.

● Descriptive Research Design:

○ Purpose: To provide a detailed description of the phenomena.

○ Characteristics: More structured and formal than exploratory designs.

3. Measurement and Scaling

● Measurement: Assigning numbers or symbols to the characteristics of objects,


not to the objects themselves.

● Scaling: Involves creating a scale to measure objects. For example, using a


scale of 1 to 11 to measure satisfaction levels.

● Types of Scales:

1. Nominal Scale: Categorizes data without any order. Example: Assigning


numbers to different religions.
2. Ordinal Scale: Ranks data but does not measure the exact differences
between them. Example: Ranking students based on exam scores.

3. Interval Scale: Measures data with meaningful intervals but no true zero
point. Example: Temperature scales.

4. Ratio Scale: Similar to the interval scale but with a meaningful zero point,
allowing for ratio comparisons. Example: Weight, height, income.

4. Likert Scale

● A type of scale used to measure attitudes by asking respondents to specify their


level of agreement with statements on a five-point scale.

5. Questionnaire Design

● Introduction: Before drafting a questionnaire, decide on the specific data


needed and how it will be used.

● Principles for Preparing a Questionnaire:

1. Covering Letter: Include a letter explaining the survey’s purpose and


ensuring confidentiality.

2. Logical Order: Arrange questions logically and sequentially to make it


easy for respondents to follow.

3. Clarity and Simplicity: Use short, simple, and clear questions to avoid
confusion.

4. Avoid Ambiguity: Avoid questions that can be interpreted in multiple


ways.

5. Personal Questions: Avoid asking sensitive or personal questions unless


necessary.

6. Objective Questions: Focus on factual questions that can be answered


objectively.

7. Pre-testing: Test the questionnaire with a small group before the main
survey to identify any issues.

6. Using Online Tools


● Utilize online tools effectively for questionnaire preparation and data collection,
understanding their functionalities and choosing the right tool for your study.

Quiz: Business Research Methods Unit-2

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

1. What is the primary purpose of a research design?


a) To collect as much data as possible
b) To outline a detailed plan for collecting and analyzing data
c) To create hypotheses
d) To summarize the findings of a study
2. Which type of research design is most suitable for exploring a new problem or
situation?
a) Descriptive research design
b) Experimental research design
c) Exploratory research design
d) Conclusive research design
3. What is the key characteristic of a nominal scale?
a) It categorizes data without a specific order
b) It measures data on a continuum
c) It allows for the calculation of averages
d) It ranks data but does not measure exact differences
4. Which scale of measurement has a true zero point and allows for ratio
comparisons?
a) Nominal scale
b) Ordinal scale
c) Interval scale
d) Ratio scale
5. What is a Likert Scale used for?
a) Measuring temperature
b) Ranking objects
c) Measuring attitudes and opinions
d) Assigning numbers to objects
6. Why is pre-testing a questionnaire important?
a) To increase the number of respondents
b) To ensure that the questionnaire is easy to understand and free from errors
c) To reduce the length of the questionnaire
d) To collect more data
7. Which principle is NOT recommended when designing a questionnaire?
a) Asking personal questions at the beginning
b) Providing clear instructions to respondents
c) Using simple and clear language
d) Arranging questions in a logical order
8. What does 'scaling' in research involve?
a) Assigning numbers randomly
b) Creating a continuum for measuring objects
c) Asking yes/no questions
d) Calculating the mean of a dataset
9. Which of the following scales measures the relative position of objects but not the
difference in magnitude between them?
a) Nominal scale
b) Ordinal scale
c) Interval scale
d) Ratio scale
10. What should be included in a covering letter for a questionnaire?
a) A promise to solicit respondents after the survey
b) A brief explanation of the survey's purpose and confidentiality assurance
c) Detailed personal questions
d) A summary of the survey results

True/False Questions

11. A research design should outline both the data collection methods and the data
analysis techniques.
True / False
12. An exploratory research design is rigid and highly structured.
True / False
13. The interval scale allows for meaningful interpretation of both differences and
ratios between scores.
True / False
14. Nominal scale data can be ranked in order.
True / False
15. Online tools for questionnaire preparation can help streamline the data collection
process.
True / False

Answers:

1. b) To outline a detailed plan for collecting and analyzing data


2. c) Exploratory research design
3. a) It categorizes data without a specific order
4. d) Ratio scale
5. c) Measuring attitudes and opinions
6. b) To ensure that the questionnaire is easy to understand and free from errors
7. a) Asking personal questions at the beginning
8. b) Creating a continuum for measuring objects
9. b) Ordinal scale
10. b) A brief explanation of the survey's purpose and confidentiality assurance
11. True
12. False
13. False
14. False
15. True

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