STATE AND PROVE “ THALES THEOREM” “If in two triangles, corresponding angles are equal, then their

(BASIC PROPORTIONALITY THEOREM) 5MARKS corresponding sides are in the same ratio (or proportion) and hence the
two triangles are similar.”
“If a line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle to intersect the other (AAA SIMILARITY CRITERION THEOREM)
two sides in distinct point, the other two sides are divided in the same
ratio.”

Data: In a ∆ABC & ∆ DEF

∠𝑨 = ∠𝑫 , ∠𝑩 = ∠𝑬 , ∠𝑪 = ∠𝑭 .
𝑨𝑩 𝑩𝑪 𝑨𝑪
To Prove: = =
Data: In ∆ABC DE∥BC 𝑫𝑬 𝑬𝑭 𝑫𝑭
𝑨𝑫 𝑨𝑬
To Prove: = 𝑬𝑪
𝑫𝑩 Construction: Mark P on DE & Q on DF.
Construction: draw EN ⊥ AB & DM ⊥ AC Such that DP=AB & DQ=AC. Join PQ.
Join DC & BE
𝟏
𝒂𝒓(𝑨𝑫𝑬) 𝐀𝐃 𝐗 𝐄𝐍 𝟏
Proof: = 𝟐
𝟏 ∵ A= 𝟐 b h Proof: In a ∆ABC & ∆ DPQ
𝒂𝒓(𝑩𝑫𝑬) 𝐁𝐃 𝐗 𝐄𝐍
𝟐 DP = AB ∵ Construction
𝒂𝒓(𝑨𝑫𝑬) 𝐀𝐃
∴ = . . . . . . . . . . .(i) DQ = AC
𝒂𝒓(𝑩𝑫𝑬) 𝐁𝐃
∠𝐀 = ∠𝐃 ∵ data
𝒂𝒓(𝑨𝑫𝑬)
𝟏
𝐀𝐄 𝐗 𝐃𝐌 𝟏
∴ ∆ABC ≅ ∆ DPQ ∵ SAS
𝟐
= 𝟏 ∵ A= 𝟐 b h ∠𝐀𝐁𝐂 = ∠𝐃𝐏𝐐
𝒂𝒓(𝑪𝑬𝑫) 𝐄𝐂 𝐗 𝐃𝐌
𝟐
𝒂𝒓(𝑨𝑫𝑬) 𝐀𝐄 ∠𝐀𝐁𝐂 = ∠𝐃𝐄𝐅
∴ = . . . . . . . . . . .(ii) ∴ ∠𝐃𝐏𝐐 = ∠𝐃𝐄𝐅
𝒂𝒓(𝑩𝑫𝑬) 𝐄𝐂
∴ PQ ∥ EF ∵ corresponding angles are equal
But ar(BDE) = ar(CED) 𝑫𝑷 𝑷𝑸 𝑫𝑸
= = ∵ corollary of B.P.T
𝑫𝑬 𝑬𝑭 𝑫𝑭
∵ 𝚫leS
on the same base & between same parallel line
𝑨𝑩 𝑩𝑪 𝑨𝑪
From (i) & (ii) = = ∵ ∆ABC ≅ ∆ DPQ
𝑫𝑬 𝑬𝑭 𝑫𝑭
𝑨𝑫 𝑨𝑬
= 𝑬𝑪
𝑫𝑩

SUDEESH
The ratio of the Areas of two similar triangles is equal to State and prove PYTHAGORAS THEOREM 5 marks
the square of the ratio of their corresponding sides.
“In a Right triangle, square of the hypotenuse side is equal to the
sum of the square of other two sides.”

𝑨𝑩 𝑩𝑪 𝑨𝑪 Data: in ⊿ ABC , ∟𝑨𝑩𝑪 = 𝟗𝟎0

Data: ∆ABC ~ ∆PQR and = =
𝑷𝑸 𝑸𝑹 𝑷𝑹
To prove: AC2 = AB2 + BC2
𝐚𝐫(𝐀𝐁𝐂) 𝐀𝐁 𝟐 𝐁𝐂 𝟐 𝐀𝐂 𝟐
To Prove: = (𝐏𝐐) = (𝐐𝐑) = (𝐏𝐑) Construction: Draw BD ⊥ AC
𝐚𝐫(𝐏𝐐𝐑)
Construction: Draw AM ⊥ BC & PN ⊥ QR Proof: In ∆ BDA & ∆ ABC
Proof: In ∆AMB & ∆PNQ ∠𝑩𝑫𝑨 = ∠𝑨𝑩𝑪 =900 ∵data and construction
∠𝑩 = ∠𝑸 ∵ Data
∠𝑩𝑨𝑫 = ∠𝑩𝑨𝑪 ∵ common angle
∟𝑨𝑴𝑩 = ∟𝑷𝑵𝑸 = 900 ∵ Construction
∆ BDA ~ ∆ ABC
∆AMB ~ ∆PNQ ∵ AA similarity criteria ∴
𝑨𝑩
=
𝑨𝑫
𝑨𝑪 𝑨𝑩
𝑨𝑴 𝑨𝑩 AB2 = AD . AC …………(1)
∴ = 𝑷𝑸
𝑷𝑵
𝑩𝑪 𝑨𝑩 In ∆ BCD & ∆ ABC
= 𝑷𝑸 ∵ given ∠𝑩𝑫𝑪 = ∠𝑨𝑩𝑪 =900 ∵data and construction
𝑸𝑹
𝑨𝑴 𝑩𝑪 ∠𝑩𝑪𝑫 = ∠𝑩𝑪𝑨 ∵ common angle
∴ = 𝑸𝑹 . . . . . . . . . . . . [1]
𝑷𝑵
𝟏 ∆ BDA ~ ∆ ABC
𝒂𝒓(𝑨𝑩𝑪) 𝐁𝐂 𝐗 𝐀𝐌 𝐁𝐂 𝐗 𝐀𝐌
𝟐
= 𝟏 = 𝑩𝑪 𝑫𝑪
𝒂𝒓(𝑷𝑸𝑹) 𝐐 𝐑 𝐗 𝐏𝐍 𝐐𝐑 𝐗 𝐏𝐍 ∴ =
𝟐
𝑨𝑪 𝑩𝑪
𝐁𝐂 𝐗 𝐁𝐂
= from [1] 2
BC = AC . DC …………(2)
𝐐 𝐑 𝐗 𝐐𝐑

𝒂𝒓(𝑨𝑩𝑪) 𝑩𝑪 𝟐 By adding (1)+(2) AB2 + BC2 = AD . AC + AC . DC

= (𝑸𝑹) = AC(AD+DC)
𝒂𝒓(𝑷𝑸𝑹)

𝒂𝒓(𝑨𝑩𝑪) 𝑨𝑩 𝟐 𝑩𝑪 𝟐 𝑨𝑪 𝟐
= AC.AC ∵ AD+DC=AC
Similarly = (𝑷𝑸) = (𝑸𝑹) = (𝑷𝑹) AB2 + BC2 = AC2
𝒂𝒓(𝑷𝑸𝑹)
SUDEESH
 THEOREM: THEOREM:
Tangent at any point of a circle is perpendicular to the radius The length of tangents drawn from an external point of a circle
through the point of contact. are equal.

Data: XY is a tangent to the circle with the centre O

at a point of contact P
Data: PQ & PR are the tangents drawn to the circle
To prove: OP ⊥ XY
with centre O from an external point P.
Construction: Mark a point Q on XY. Join OQ
To prove: PQ = PR
let it cut the circle at R.
Construction : Join OP, OQ and OR
Proof: In the figure
Proof : In △ OQP & △ORP
OR < OQ
OQ = OR ∵ radii of the circle.
But OR = OP
OP = OP ∵common side
∴OP < OQ
∟𝑶𝑸𝑷 = ∟𝑶𝑹𝑷 = 900
This is true for every point on XY other than P ∴ △ OQP ≅ △ORP
∴ OP is the shortest of all the distance of the point O to the ∴ 𝑷𝑸 = 𝑷𝑹
points of XY.
∴ OP ⊥ XY

SUDEESH
 State and Prove: CONVERSE OF PYTHAGORAS THEOREM
“In a triangle, If square of on side is equal to the sum of the squares of the
other two sides, then the angle opposite the first side is a right angle”

DATA: in △ABC, AC2 =AB2 +BC2

TO PROVE: ∠ABC = 900
CONSTRUCTION: Draw △DEF such that ∠E=900 & DE= AB , EF =BC.

PROOF: In △DEF,
DF2 = DE2 +EF2 [By Pythagoras theorem]
DF2 = AB2 +BC2 ………..(1) ∵construction.
AC2 = AB2 +BC2 ……….. (2) ∵Data
∴ AC2 = DF2 ∵ From (1) and (2).
∴ AC = DF …………………(3)
In △ABC and △ DEF
AB=DE, BC=EF ∵ Construction
AC =DF ∵From (3)
∴ △ ABC ≅ △DEF [ SSS congruency rule]
∴ ∠B = ∠ E = 900
∴ ∠ABC = 900

SUDEESH