HarmonyOS

HarmonyOS (HMOS) (Chinese: 鸿蒙; pinyin: Hóngméng) is a distributed operating system developed
by Huawei for smartphones, tablets, smart TVs, smart watches, personal computers and other smart
devices. It has a microkernel design with single framework: the operating system selects suitable
kernels from the abstraction layer in the case of devices that use diverse resources.[5][6][7]

HarmonyOS was officially launched by Huawei and first used in Honor smart TVs in August 2019.[8][9]
It was later used in Huawei wireless routers, IoT in 2020, followed by smartphones, tablets and
smartwatches from June 2021.[10]

The operating system was initially based on code from the Android Open Source Project (AOSP) and
the Linux kernel; many Android apps can be sideloaded on HarmonyOS.[11]

The next iteration of HarmonyOS known as HarmonyOS NEXT was announced on August 4, 2023. It
replaces the OpenHarmony multi-kernel system with its own HarmonyOS microkernel at its core,
removes all Android code and supports only apps in its native App format.[12][13] It is currently in
public beta testing as official launch of HarmonyOS NEXT 5 and is expected to launch stable builds in
the fourth quarter of 2024.[14]

Architecture

HarmonyOS is designed with a layered architecture, which consists of four layers; the kernel layer at
the bottom provides the upper three layers, i.e., the system service layer, framework layer and
application layer, with basic kernel capabilities, such as process and thread management, memory
management, file system, network management, and peripheral management.[15]

The kernel layer incorporates a subsystem that accommodates HarmonyOS kernel based on
microkernel as Rich Executed Environment (REE), catering to diverse smart devices. Depending on
the device type, different kernels can be selected; for instance, like OpenHarmony base itself but with
a single kernel, lightweight systems are chosen for low-power devices like watches and IoT devices
to execute lightweight HarmonyOS apps, whereas large-memory devices like mobile phones, tablets,
and PCs utilize standard system. The dual-app framework was replaced with a single-app framework
in HarmonyOS Next, supporting only native HarmonyOS apps with APP format.[16]

The system includes a communication base called DSoftBus for integrating physically separate
devices into a virtual Super Device, allowing one device to control others and sharing data among
devices with distributed communication
HarmonyOS
capabilities.[17][18][19] "To address security
concerns" arising from varying devices, the
system provides a hardware-based Trusted
Execution Environment (TEE) microkernel to
prevent leakage of sensitive personal data when Developer Huawei
[20]
they are stored or processed.
Written in C, C++, JavaScript,
It supports several forms of apps, including native ArkTS, Cangjie,[1]

apps that can be installed from AppGallery, Rust, Assembly

installation-free Quick apps and lightweight Meta language and others

Services accessible by users on various OS family OpenHarmony · RTOS

devices.[21][22][23][24] (LiteOS)

Working state Current

Android fork Source model Closed, with open

source components
When it launched the operating system, Huawei
stated that HarmonyOS plans to become a Initial release August 9, 2019

microkernel-based, distributed OS that was

Latest release 5.0.0.102(SP3C00E73R4P17)
completely different from Android and iOS in
- Release / October 23, 2024
terms of target market towards Internet of
things.[25] A Huawei spokesperson subsequently Latest preview 5.0.0.103 - Release

stated that HarmonyOS supported multiple (Beta) / October 23,

2024
kernels and used a Linux kernel if a device had a
large amount of RAM, and that the company had Marketing target Embedded systems,
taken advantage of a large number of third-party Internet of Things,

open-source resources, including Linux kernel with Internet of vehicles,

POSIX APIs on OpenHarmony base, as a Edge computing,

wireless routers,
foundation to accelerate the development of its
smartphones, tablet
unified system stack as a future-proof,
computers, smart
microkernel-based, and distributed OS running on
TVs, smartwatches,
multiple devices.[26][27][28]
fitness trackers,
smart speakers,
At its launch as an operating system for
personal computers,
smartphones in 2021, HarmonyOS was, however,
Laptops, mixed reality
rumored by Ars Technica to be a "rebranded
headsets, virtual
version of Android and EMUI" with nearly "identical reality headsets,
code bases".[29] Following the release of the wireless earbuds,

HarmonyOS 2.0 beta, Ars Technica and XDA wireless headphones,

wearable devices,
Developers suggested that "the smartphone
augmented reality
version of the OS had been forked from Android
headsets, smart
10". Ars Technica alleged that it resembled the
printers, interactive
existing EMUI software used on Huawei devices,
whiteboards, E-
but with all references to "Android" replaced by readers, cars, smart
"HarmonyOS". It was also noted that the DevEco homes, enterprise,
Studio software based on JetBrains open source industry, aerospace

IntelliJ IDEA IDE "shared components and tool

Available in 77 languages
chains" with Android Studio.
Update method Over-the-air
When testing the new MatePad Pro in June 2021,
Android Authority and The Verge similarly Package manager .app

observed similarities in "behavior", including that it

Platforms 64-bit ARM, x86-64,
was possible to install apps from Android APK RISC-V, LinxiISA [2]
files on the HarmonyOS-based tablet, and to run
Kernel type HarmonyOS kernel
the Android 10 easter egg apk app, reaffirming
(Microkernel)
earlier rumor mills.[26][28]
Userland System Service Layer
History (OpenHarmony-based
HarmonyOS system,
Linux ABI Runtime
Early development reused drivers
container) [3][4]
Reports surrounding an in-house operating
system being developed by Huawei date back as Default Harmony Design
far as 2012 in R&D stages with HarmonyOS NEXT user interface (Design System)

system stack going back as early as 2015.[30][31] (multi-touch, GUI)

These reports intensified during the Sino-

License Commercial software,
American trade war, after the United States Proprietary software
Department of Commerce added Huawei to its except for open-
Entity List in May 2019 under an indictment that it source components

knowingly exported goods, technology and

Preceded by LiteOS, EMUI, Android
services of U.S. origin to Iran in violation of
and Microsoft
sanctions. This prohibited U.S.-based companies Windows
from doing business with Huawei without first
obtaining a license from the
government.[32][33][34][35][36] Huawei executive Official website www.harmonyos
Richard Yu described an in-house platform as a .com/en/ (https://ww
"plan B" in case it is prevented from using Android w.harmonyos.com/e

on future smartphone products due to the n/)

sanctions.[37][38][39]
Support status

Prior to its unveiling, it was originally speculated to Supported

be a mobile operating system that could replace
Articles in the series
Android on future Huawei devices. In June 2019,
an Huawei executive told Reuters that the OS was HarmonyOS version history
under testing in China, and could be ready "in
months", but by July 2019, some Huawei executives described the
HarmonyOS
OS as being an embedded operating system designed for IoT
hardware, discarding the previous statements for it to be a mobile Simplified Chinese 鸿蒙
operating system.[40]
Traditional Chinese 鴻蒙
Some media outlets reported that this OS, referred to as
Transcriptions [show]
"Hongmeng", could be released in China in either August or
September 2019, with a worldwide release in the second quarter of
2020.[41][42] On 24 May 2019, Huawei registered "Hongmeng" as a trademark in China.[43] The name
"Hongmeng" (Chinese: 鸿蒙; lit. 'Vast Mist') came from Chinese mythology that symbolizes primordial
chaos or the world before creation.[44] The same day, Huawei registered trademarks surrounding "Ark
OS" and variants with the European Union Intellectual Property Office.[45] In July 2019, it was reported
that Huawei had also registered trademarks surrounding the word "Harmony" for desktop and mobile
operating system software, indicating either a different name or a component of the OS.[46]

Framework transitions

Early versions of HarmonyOS, starting from version 1.0, employed a "kernel abstraction layer" (KAL)
subsystem to support a multi-kernel architecture.[47] This allowed developers to choose different
operating system kernels based on the resources available on each device. For low-powered devices
such as wearables and Huawei's GT smartwatches, HarmonyOS utilized the LiteOS kernel instead of
Linux. It also integrated the LiteOS SDK for TV applications and ensured compatibility with Android
apps through the Ark Compiler and a dual-framework approach.[48] HarmonyOS 1.0's original L0-L2
source code branch was contributed to the OpenAtom Foundation to accelerate system
development.[49]
HarmonyOS 2.0 introduced a modified version of OpenHarmony's L3-L5 source code, expanding its
compatibility across smartphones and tablets. Underneath the kernel abstraction layer (KAL)
subsystem, HarmonyOS used the Linux kernel and the AOSP codebase. This setup enabled Android
APK files and App Bundles (AAB) to run natively, similar to older Huawei EMUI-based devices, without
needing root access.[50][51]

Additionally, HarmonyOS supported native apps packaged for Huawei Mobile Services through the
Ark Compiler, leveraging the OpenHarmony framework within its dual-framework structure at the
System Service Layer. This configuration allowed the operating system to run apps developed with
restricted HarmonyOS APIs.[52]

Until the release of HarmonyOS 5.0.0, known as HarmonyOS NEXT 5, using its microkernel within a
single framework, replacing the operating system dual-framework approach for Huawei's
HarmonyOS devices with the AOSP codebase.[53][54]

Release

On 9 August 2019, three months after the Entity List ban, Huawei publicly unveiled HarmonyOS,
which Huawei said it had been working on since 2012, at its inaugural developers' conference in
Dongguan. Huawei described HarmonyOS as a free, microkernel-based distributed operating system
for various types of hardware. The company focused primarily on IoT devices, including smart TVs,
wearable devices, and in-car entertainment systems, and did not explicitly position HarmonyOS as a
mobile OS.[55][56][57]

HarmonyOS 2.0 launched at the Huawei Developer Conference on 10 September 2020. Huawei
announced it intended to ship the operating system on its smartphones in 2021.[58] The first
developer beta of HarmonyOS 2.0 was launched on 16 December 2020. Huawei also released the
DevEco Studio IDE, which is based on IntelliJ IDEA, and a cloud emulator for developers in early
access.[59][60]

Huawei officially released HarmonyOS 2.0 and launched new devices shipping with the OS in June
2021, and started rolling out system upgrades to Huawei's older phones for users gradually.[61][62][28]

On July 27, 2022, Huawei launched HarmonyOS 3 providing an improved experience across multiple
devices such as smartphones, tablets, printers, cars and TVs. It also launched Petal Chuxing, a ride-
hailing app running on the new version of the operating system.[63][64][65][66]

On 29 June 2023, Huawei launched the first developer beta of HarmonyOS 4.[67] On 4 August 2023,
Huawei officially announced and released HarmonyOS 4 as a public beta.[68] On 9 August, it rolled the
operating system out on 34 different existing Huawei smartphone and tablet devices—albeit as a
public beta build.[69] Alongside HarmonyOS 4, Huawei also announced the launch of HarmonyOS
NEXT, which is a "pure" HarmonyOS version, without Android libraries and therefore incompatible with
Android apps post-software convergence.[70]

On 18 January 2024, Huawei announced commercialisation of HarmonyOS NEXT with Galaxy stable
version rollout which will begin in Q4 2024 based on OpenHarmony 5.0 (API 12) version after
OpenHarmony 4.1 (API 11) based Q2 Developer Beta after release of public developer access of
HarmonyOS NEXT Developer Preview 1 that has been in the hands of closed cooperative developers
partners since August 2023 debut. The new system of upcoming HarmonyOS 5 version that replaced
HarmonyOS multi-kernel dual-frame system convergence for unified system stack of the unified app
ecosystem for commercial Huawei consumer devices.[71][72]

On March 11, 2024, Huawei announced the early recruitment for the new test experience version of
Huawei HarmonyOS 4 firmware update that includes performance improvements, purer and better
user experiences. HarmonyOS version 4.0.0.200 (C00E200R2P7) of the firmware was gradually rolled
out on March 12, 2024.[73][74]

On April 11, 2024, it has been reported that Huawei opened the registration and rolled out public beta
of HarmonyOS 4.2 for 24 devices. On the same day, the company announced its incoming
HarmonyOS 5.0 operating system version of Galaxy Edition version under HarmonyOS NEXT system
that will first be released as open beta program for developers and users at its annual Huawei
Developer Conference in June 2024 before Q4 commercial consumer release with upcoming Mate 70
flagship, among other ecosystem devices. [75][76]

On April 18, 2024, Huawei Pura 70 flagship series lineup received HarmonyOS 4.2.0.137 update, after
release.[77]

On April 17, 2024, Huawei's chairman Eric Xu revealed plans to push native HarmonyOS NEXT system
for next gen HarmonyOS in global markets as the company's focus at Huawei's Analyst Summit 2024
(HAS 2024) to Chinese and international press which was reported in various international outlets on
April 22, 2024.[78][79]

On May 17, 2024, during the HarmonyOS Developer Day (HDD) event, Huawei announced
HarmonyOS upgrade with the new HarmonyOS NEXT base will begin commercial use by September
with over 800 million units of devices and 4,000 apps in use for a target of 5,000 apps at launch.[80][81]

On June 21, 2024, during Huawei Developer Conference (HDC) keynote, Huawei announced
HarmonyOS NEXT Developer Beta for registered developers and 3,000 pioneer users on limited
models such as Huawei Mate 60 Series, Huawei Mate X5 Series and Huawei MatePad Pro 13.2
tablet. The consumer beta version is expected to be released in August 2024 while the stable build to
be made available in Q4 2024.[82] During the conference, Huawei formerly announced in-house
Cangjie programming language for the new native system alongside releasing the Developer Preview
Beta recruitment program.[83]

On October 22, 2024, at Huawei HarmonyOS Next event, it was officially revealed as "pure blood"
HarmonyOS NEXT 5 brand transitioning to HarmonyOS 5, incorporated as HarmonyOS 5.0.0 version,
for public beta with 2025 expansions. Ahead of flagship devices with stable builds factory in
November.[84]

Features

User interface

The HarmonyOS interface is overhauled with native HarmonyOS Design system as "Harmonious
aesthetics" philosophy [85] by ang Zhiyan, Chief UX Designer at Huawei Consumer BGf or the native
launcher system that has an emphasis on 'vivid' system colours and reflective 'spatial' visual of light,
blur, glow with glassmorphism and neumorphism soft UI that is a medium between skeuomorphism
and flat design. In addition to standard folders that require tapping on them to display their contents,
folders can be enlarged to always show their contents without text labels directly on the home
screen.[86]

Apps can support "snippets", which expose a portion of the app's functionality (such as a media
player's controls, or a weather forecast) via an iOS style pop-up window by swiping left after holding
the app icon in context menu, and can be pinned to the home screen as a widget. Apps and services
can provide cards; as of HarmonyOS 3.0, cards can also be displayed as widgets with different sizes
and shapes to adapt to the home screen layout, and can also be stacked.[87][88]

The user interface font of HarmonyOS on HarmonyOS Next base is HarmonyOS Sans. It is designed
to be easy to read, unique, and universal. The system font was used throughout the operating system
alongside previous Android-based EMUI 12 and up, including third-party HarmonyOS and former
Android apps.[89]
Software

Traditional apps

Unlike Meta Services that are installation-free, traditional apps need installation. They are available to
users through Huawei AppGallery, which serves as the application store for HarmonyOS with
HarmonyOS-native apps.[90][91]HarmonyOS-native apps have access to capabilities such as
distributed communications and cards.[92][93]

Quick apps

Similar to applets, Quick apps were single-page apps written using JavaScript and CSS, with code
volume about one fifth of that of a traditional app.[94][95] They are developed based on the industry
standards formulated by the Quick App Alliance, comprising mainstream mobile phone
manufacturers in China.[96][97]

Quick apps are available to users through the AppGallery, Quick App Center, Huawei Assistant, etc.,
on supported devices. They are installation-free, updated automatically, and their shortcuts can be
added by users to the home screen for ease of access.[96][98]

Meta Services

Managed and distributed by Huawei Ability Gallery, Meta Services (formerly, Atomic Services) are
lightweight and consist of one or more HarmonyOS Ability Packages (HAPs) to implement specific
convenient services, providing users with dynamic content and functionality.[99] They are accessible
via the Service Center from devices, and presented as cards that can be added to a favorite list or
pinned to the home screen.

Meta Services are installation-free since the accompanying code is downloaded in the
background.[100][99][101] They can also be synchronized across multiple devices, such as updating the
driver's location on the watch in real time after the user hails a taxi on the mobile phone.[102]

Note: Meta Services (a component of HarmonyOS) should not to be confused with products and
services from Meta Platforms (the parent company of Facebook).

Service Collaboration Kit

The Service Collaboration Kit (SCK) provides users with cross-device interaction, allowing them to
use the camera, scanning, and gallery functions of other devices. For example, tablets or 2-in-1
laptops can utilize these features from a connected smartphone. To utilize these features, both
devices running HarmonyOS NEXT must be logged into the same Huawei account and have WLAN
and Bluetooth enabled.[103]

Harmony Intelligence

Harmony Intelligence allows users to deploy AI-based applications on HarmonyOS, using PanGu 5.0
LLM and its embedded variants, alongside new Celia capabilities, HiAI Foundation Kit, MindSpore Lite
Kit, Neural Network Runtime Kit, and Computer Vision. These features improve performance, reduce
power consumption, and enable efficient AI processing on devices with Kirin chips.[104][105][106][107][108]

Super Device

HarmonyOS supports cross-platform interactions between supported devices via the "Super Device"
interface; devices are paired via a "radar" screen by dragging icons to the centre of the
screen.[109][110][111][112] Examples of Super Device features include allowing users to play back media
saved inside a smartphone through a paired PC, smart TV or speakers; share PC screen recordings
back to a smartphone; run multiple phone apps in a PC window; share files between a paired
smartphone and PC; share application states between the paired devices, etc.[113][114][115]

NearLink

Incorporated into HarmonyOS 4, NearLink (previously known as SparkLink) is a set of standards that
combine the strengths of traditional wireless technologies like Bluetooth and Wi-Fi, while
emphasizing improved performance in areas like response time, energy efficiency, signal range, and
security. It consists of two access modes: SparkLink Low Energy (SLE) and SparkLink Basic (SLB).
SLE is designed for low-power consumption, low-latency, and high-reliability applications, with a data
transmission rate reportedly up to 6 times that of Bluetooth; SLB is tailored for high-speed, high-
capacity, and high-precision applications, with a data transmission rate reportedly around 2 times
that of Wi-Fi.[116][117][118][119]

Hardware

HarmonyOS platform was not designed for a single device at the beginning but developed as a
distributed operating system for various devices with memory sizes ranging from 128KB to over 4GB.
Hence, the hardware requirements are flexible for the operating system and it may only need 128KB
of memory for a variety of smart terminal devices.[120][121]
Devices supported at launch

The Huawei P30 is one of several

Huawei devices to run HarmonyOS.

Huawei stated that HarmonyOS would initially be used on devices targeting the Chinese market. The
company's former subsidiary brand, Honor, unveiled the Honor Vision line of smart TVs as the first
consumer electronics devices to run HarmonyOS in August 2019.[122][57] The HarmonyOS 2.0 beta
launched on 16 December 2020 and supported the P30 series, P40 series, Mate 30 series, Mate 40
series, P50 series, and the MatePad Pro.[123]

Stable HarmonyOS 2.0 was released for smartphones and tablets as updates for the P40 and Mate
X2 in June 2021. New Huawei Watch, MatePad Pro and PixLab X1 desktop printer models shipping
with HarmonyOS were also unveiled at the time.[62][28][124] In October 2021, HarmonyOS 2.0 had over
150 million users.[125][126]

App development

The primary IDE known as DevEco Studio for developing HarmonyOS apps was released by Huawei
on September 9, 2020, based on IntelliJ IDEA and Huawei's SmartAssist.[127] The IDE includes
DevEco Device Tool,[128] an integrated development tool for customizing HarmonyOS components,
coding, compiling and visual debugging, similar to other third party IDEs such as Visual Studio Code
for Windows, Linux and macOS.[129]

Applications for HarmonyOS are mostly built using components of ArkUI, a Declarative User Interface
framework. ArkUI elements are adaptable to various devices and include new interface rules with
automatic updates along with HarmonyOS updates.[130]

HarmonyOS uses App Pack files suffixed with .app, also known as APP files, for distribution of
software via AppGallery. Each App Pack has one or more HarmonyOS Ability Packages (HAP)
containing code for their abilities, resources, libraries, and a JSON file with configuration
information.[131]
HarmonyOS as a universal single IoT platform allows developers to write apps once and run
everywhere across devices such as phones, tablets, personal computers, TVs, cars, smartwatches,
single board computers under OpenHarmony, and screen-less IoT devices such as smart
speakers.[132]

As of October 2024, there were reportedly over 6.75 million registered developers participated in
developing HarmonyOS apps.[133]

HarmonyOS ecosystem

HarmonyOS Connect

On May 18, 2021, Huawei revealed a plan to upgrade its HarmonyOS Connect brand with a standard
badge during a summit in Shanghai to help industrial partners in producing, selling and operating
products with third-party OEMs as part of the HarmonyOS system, framework and the Huawei Smart
Life (formerly Huawei AI Life) app.

Allowing for fast and low-cost connections to users, smart devices like speakers, fridges and cookers
of different brands powered by HarmonyOS can be connected and merged into a super device with a
single touch of smartphone without the need to install apps. Also, HiLink protocols for mesh and
wireless routers connectivity with devices alongside other smart devices that are platform agnostic
that connects to HarmonyOS devices.[134]

The HarmonyOS Connect sets the platform apart from traditional mobile and computing platforms
and the company's previous ecosystem attempts with its Android based EMUI and LiteOS
connectivity in the past.[135]

HarmonyOS Cockpit

On April 27, 2021, Huawei launched a smart cockpit solution powered by HarmonyOS for electric and
autonomous cars powered by its Kirin line of a system-on-chip (SoC) solution. Huawei opened up
APIs to help automobile OEMs, suppliers and ecosystem partners in developing features to meet
user requirements.

Huawei designed a modular SoC for cars that will be pluggable and easy to upgrade to maintain the
peak performance of the cockpit. Users would be able to upgrade the chipset as one can upgrade on
an assembled desktop computer with its scalable distributed OS.[136]
On December 21, 2021, Huawei launched a new smart console brand, HarmonySpace, a specialized
HarmonyOS vehicle operating system. Based on Huawei's 1+8 ecology, apps on smartphones and
tablets can be connected to the car seamlessly with HarmonySpace, which also provides
smartphone projection capability.[137][138]

On December 23, 2021, Huawei announced a new smart select car product – AITO M5, a medium-
size SUV with HarmonyOS ecosystem through continuous AI learning optimization and over-the-air
upgrades.[139] On July 4, 2022, Huawei officially launched AITO smart select car product to be
shipped to customers sometime in August 2022. During the launch, the company received 10,000
pre-orders in 2 hours for its M7 model.[140]

Huawei MagLink built on interconnected Cockpit solution, enables drivers to make the mobile phone
application full amount of car, no need for telephony navigation. Huawei's car solution through
seamless HarmonyOS system application, eliminate the need for drivers to use mobile phone
navigation nor the need to install mobile phone holders. With this solution, enables more built in
accessible entertainment and information services. The integration of software and hardware
technologies installed on the car, achieving “mobile whole-house intelligence.”[141]

MineHarmony OS

On 14 September 2021, Huawei announced the launch of MineHarmony OS, a customized operating
system by Huawei based on its in-house HarmonyOS based on OpenHarmony for industrial use.
MineHarmony is compatible with about 400 types of underground coal mining equipment, providing
the equipment with a single interface to transmit and collect data for analysis. Wang Chenglu,
President of Huawei’s consumer business AI and smart full-scenario business department, indicated
that the launch of MineHarmony OS signified that the HarmonyOS ecology had taken a step further
from B2C to B2B.[142][143][144]

Market share

On December 23, 2021, Richard Yu, CEO of Huawei Consumer Business Group, claimed that
HarmonyOS had reached 300 million smartphones and other smart devices, including 200 million
devices in the ecosystem and 100 million third-party consumer products from industry partners.[145]

Market research conducted in China by Strategy Analytics showed that Harmony OS was the third
largest smartphone platform after Apple iOS and Google Android, reaching a record high of 4%
market share in China during the first quarter of 2022, up from zero just a year earlier. This increase in
market share took place after the operating system was also launched for smartphone devices in
June 2021.

The research claimed that in the first quarter of 2022 the platform outgrew its rivals, such as Android
and Apple iOS, from a low install base of about 150 million smart devices overall, particularly due to
the good support in China and the HarmonyOS software upgrades that Huawei made available for its
older handset models and its former sub-brands such as Honor.[146][147]

On August 8, 2022, after the soft launch of HarmonyOS 3, Sina Finance, part of Sina Corporation, and
Huawei Central reported that the number of Huawei HarmonyOS Connect devices had exceeded 470
million units. By summer 2022, 14 OpenHarmony distributions had been launched.[148][149]

In the third quarter of 2023, HarmonyOS captured a 3% share of the global smartphone market and
13% within China, despite Huawei's limitation to LTE at the time.[150] At the launch of HarmonyOS 4 in
August 2023, it was noted that the operating system had been integrated into over 700 million
devices. By January 18, 2024, during Huawei's HarmonyOS Ecology Conference in China, this number
had risen to over 800 million devices, as reported by Huawei.[151][152]

In the first quarter of 2024, HarmonyOS reached a 4% market share globally and captured 17% of the
Chinese market, surpassing iOS to become the second largest mobile platform domestically, as
reported by Counterpoint Research on May 25, 2024.[153][154] During the HDC 2024 keynote
conference, it was announced that HarmonyOS had reached 900 million active on June 21, 2024.[155]

On October 22, 2024, Huawei announced at it's HarmonyOS NEXT 5 event that the HarmonyOS
platform has active 1 billion users.[156]

Relationship with OpenEuler

In terms of architecture, HarmonyOS has close relationship with OpenEuler, which is a community
edition of EulerOS, as they have implemented the sharing of kernel technology as revealed by Deng
Taihua, President of Huawei's Computing Product Line.[157] The sharing is reportedly to be
strengthened in the future in the areas of the distributed software bus, system security, app
framework, device driver framework and new programming language.[158]

Relationship between HarmonyOS and OpenHarmony

OpenHarmony is an open-source version of HarmonyOS donated by Huawei to the OpenAtom

Foundation, built around a LiteOS kernel descended from original LiteOS operating system. It
supports devices running a mini system such as printers, speakers, smartwatches and any other
smart device with memory as small as 128 KB, or running a standard system with memory greater
than 128 MB.[159] The open-source operating system contains the basic capabilities of HarmonyOS
and does not depend on the Android Open Source Project (AOSP) code.[160]

HarmonyOS NEXT

HarmonyOS NEXT architecture

On August 4, 2023 at Huawei Developers Conference 2023 (HDC), Huawei officially announced
HarmonyOS NEXT, the next iteration system version of HarmonyOS, supporting only native APP apps
via Ark Compiler with Huawei Mobile Services (HMS), and ending the support for Android apk
apps.[161]

Built on a custom version of OpenHarmony, HarmonyOS NEXT proprietary system has the
HarmonyOS microkernel at its core with a single framework, departing from the common Linux
kernel and aimed to replace the current multi-kernel HarmonyOS.[162]

Among the first batch of over 200 developers, McDonald's and KFC in China became two of the first
multinational food companies to adopt HarmonyOS Next.[163][164]

On September 4, 2023, it was reported on Weibo social media in China that a former Huawei
executive had claimed that HarmonyOS for PC would be released in 2024.[165]

Trademarks

In May 2019, Huawei applied for registration of the trademark "Hongmeng" through the Chinese
Patent Office CNIPA, but the application was rejected in pursuance to Article 30 of the PRC Trade
Mark Law, citing the trademark was similar to that of "CRM Hongmeng" in graphic design and
"Hongmeng" in Chinese word.[166]

In less than a week before launching HarmonyOS 2.0 and new devices by Huawei, the Beijing
Intellectual Property Court announced the first-instance judgement in May 2021 to uphold the
decision by CNIPA as the trademark was not sufficiently distinctive in terms of its designated
services.[167][168]

However, it was reported that the trademark had officially been transferred from Huizhou Qibei
Technology to Huawei by end of May 2021.[169]

On October 22, 2024, It has been reported that Huawei has applied for registration of more than 400
HarmonyOS related trademarks in China.[170]

See also

OpenHarmony

EulerOS

LiteOS

DevEco Studio

HarmonyOS NEXT

BlueOS

References

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External links

Official website (https://www.harmonyos.com/)