LESSON 1

Badminton

TOPICS:
1. History and Development of Badminton
2. Terminology
3. Laws of the Game
4. Equipment
5. Badminton Strokes
6. Footwork
7. Events

LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
1. recognize the historical background and development of badminton;
2. determine the laws of badminton
3. analyze and remember the equipment used and terminologies;
4. demonstrate the basic skills in badminton.

TOPIC 1: HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF BADMINTON

Battledore and shuttlecock was the game

developed from the ancient pastime known as. The game
was learned in India as ‘poona’, it was brought to
England about 1870 by British army officers stationed in
India. The Duke of Beaufort introduces the game at his
country place, Badminton, in Gloucestershire. Not
having a name at that time, the Game was referred to as
“that Badminton game.”
Badminton Club of the City of New York, is the oldest badminton club in the world is the
which was founded in 1878, however, the game did not become widely popular in the United
States until the middle 1930’s. The US Badminton Association was formed in 1936.

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 The world governing body for the sport is the International Badminton Federation, was
founded in1934. “Thomas Cup,” is the premier international men’s team which was established
in1948 and its counterpart in the women’s competition is the “uber Cup,” which was founded in
1956.
In 1977, the World Badminton Federation (WBF) was founded. It sponsored the first World
Championship in the same year in Malmo Sweden. This was the start of several international
competitions all over the world. The “Suderman Cup” in 1989 was established in memory of the
former IBF Vice President Dick Suderman. He was also the “Father of Indonesian Badminton”.

TOPIC 2: TERMINOLOGIES

1. Alley – an extension of the width of the court on both sides to be used in doubles play.
2. Backhand – any stroke made on the side of the body opposite the racket side.
3. Baseline – back boundary line.
4. Bird – the object that flies over the net, officially known as a shuttlecock.
5. Block – placing the racket in front of the bird and letting it rebound into the opponent’s
court. Carry – momentarily holding the bird on the racket during the execution of a stroke.
6. Clear – a high shot that falls close to the baseline.
7. Double hit – contacting the bird twice in succession on the same stroke.
8. Doubles – a game of four players, two on each team.
9. Drive – a hard stroke that just clears the net on a horizontal plane.
10. Drop – a shot made that barely clears the net with little speed.
11. Fault – any violation of the rules whose penalty is loss of serve or the point.
12. Forehand – any stroke made on the racket side of the body.
13. Hairpin (net) stroke – shot made from below and very close to the net with the bird just
clearing the net and dropping sharply downward.
14. Home position – the ideal spot for awaiting the opponent’s return.
15. Let – a play allowed to be replayed.
16. Match – best two out of three games.
17. Odd and even courts – in singles, the right half of the court is “even” and the left half of
the court is the “odd.” When the even player is serving from the right the score is even, and
odd when serving from the left.
18. Rally – rapid returns made by players.
19. Ready position – an alert body position enabling quick movement in any direction.
20. Receiver – the player to whom the bird is served.
21. Server – the player who puts the bird in play.
22. Shuttlecock – the feathered/plastic object that is hit back and forth in badminton.
23. Singles – a game involving one player on each end of the court.
24. Sling – an untrue hit, usually because of the bird momentarily resting on the racket.
25. Smash – a powerful overhand stroke that sends the bird downward over the net.
26. Stroke – the action of striking the bird with the racket.

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 27. Toss/spin – the method of deciding which side will serve first at the beginning of the
match.

TOPIC 3: LAWS OF THE GAME

Basic Rules and Regulations
1. Tossing for Serve
3.1 Before play commences, a toss shall be conducted and the side winning the toss shall
exercise the choice in either Law 1.1 or 1.2
3.1.1 to serve or receive first;
3.1.2 to start play at one end of the court or the other.
3.2 The side losing the toss shall then exercise the remaining choice.

2. Scoring
The rally point system is used in scoring the badminton game which means any fault
committed by the serving or receiving team gains point.

Love – designates a score of zero

Love- all – is called when both opponents or teams have a score of zero.
In side – is called for the serving player or team
Out Side – is called for the receiving player or team
Game Point – is the point that a server won which results to the server’s winning the match

3. Setting the score

a. A match – best of 3 games
b. Side which first scores 21points wins the game
c. The side winning a rally scores a point
d. When score reaches 20 – all, the side which gains a 2-point lead wins the game
e. If the score reaches 29 – all, the side scoring the 30th point wins the game
f. Winner of a game serves first in next game

4. Change of Ends

1.1 Players shall change ends:

4.1.1 at the end of the first game;
4.1.2 at the end of the second game, if there is to be a third game; and
4.1.3 in the third game when a side first scores 11 points.
4.2 If the ends are not changed as indicated in Law 1, it shall be done so as soon as the
mistake is discovered and when the shuttle is not in play. The existing score shall stand.

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5. Service
5.1 In a correct service,
5.1.1 neither side shall cause undue delay to the delivery of the service once the
server and the receiver are ready for the service.
5.1.2 on completion of the backward movement of the server’s racket head, any
delay in the start of the service (Law 5.2) shall be considered to be an undue
delay;
5.1.3 the server and the receiver shall stand within diagonally opposite service
courts without touching the boundary lines of the service courts;
5.1.4 some part of both feet of the server and the receiver shall remain in contact
with the surface of the court in a stationary position from the start of the
service (Law 5.2) until the service is delivered (Law 5.3)
5.1.5 the server’s racket shall initially hit the base of the shuttle;
5.1.6 the whole shuttle shall be below 1.15 metres from the surface of the court
at the instant of being hit by the server’s racket;
5.1.7 the movement of the server’s racket shall continue forwards from the start of
the service (Law 5.2) until the service is delivered (Law 5.3);
5.1.8 the flight of the shuttle shall be upwards from the server’s racket to pass over
the net so that, if not intercepted, it shall land in the receiver’s service court
(i.e. on or within the boundary lines); and
5.1.9 in attempting to serve, the server shall not miss the shuttle.

5.2 Once the players are ready for the service, the first forward movement of the server’s racket
head shall be the start of the service.
5.3 Once started (Law 5.2), the service is delivered when the shuttle is hit by the server’s
racket or, in attempting to serve, the server misses the shuttle.
5.4 The server shall not serve before the receiver is ready. However, the receiver shall be
considered to have been ready if a return of the service is attempted.
5.5 In doubles, during the delivery of service (Law 5.2, 5.3), the partners may take up any
positions within their respective courts, which do not unsight the opposing server or
receiver.

6. Lets
When lets occurs, players who served serves again. The following are considered lets:
a. A shuttle or player from an adjacent court encroaches, thus, interfering with play
or concentration.
b. A shuttle, after passing over the net, becomes caught in or on the net except during
service;
c. A shuttle hits an obstruction that hangs over the court and is lower than the
recommended 24-foot ceiling height;
d. During service, the receiver and server both fault at the same time;

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 e. The server serves before the receiver is ready; and
f. A line judge is not present and the umpire is unable to make decisions

TOPIC 4: FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT

Court
The size of the court is a rectangular shape, measures 44 ft. long by 22ft. wide for doubles
game and 44 ft. long and 17 ft. wide while for singles game. A 1 ½ ft. alley on each side is
commonly referred to as double alleys. There is also space 2 ½ ft. wide at both ends of the court,
which are the back alleys. The right and left service court are the two service areas on each side of
the net, bounded by a line running parallel to the net, called the short- service line.
The ceiling height should be 30 ft. for official game, and 24 ft. for instructional game. Floor
surface is traditionally wood, but many synthetics is traditionally wood, but many synthetic and
plastic courts have been developed.
Singles 44 feet long and 17 feet wide
Doubles
44 feet long
and 20 feet
wide

Net
The net
should be
made of a
dark- colored
mosh, 2 ½
feet deep,
with a 1 ½
inch white tape extending across the top. The top of the net should be 5 feet above the floor
at a point equidistant from the sidelines; and 5 feet and 1 inch in height at point above the
double’s sidelines.

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Post
Post should be 5 feet
and 1 inch in height from
the floor.

Racket
It is a synthetic light material and can be made of wood, aluminum metal such a graphic or
carbon. It can be up to 68 cm long and it is usually weighing about 100grams. Most strings
are made of synthetic such as nylon but world-class players use lamb.
Gut is more expensive than synthetic and has disadvantages of a short lifespan when strung
tightly or not protected from
moisture. String diameter ranges
from 19-22 gauge. Most
competitive players prefer 21 to 22-
gauge strung string at 14 to 15
pounds of tension, that provides
power and control. For school and
recreational use, with 20-gauge
string at a tension of 12 to 13
pounds is adequate.

Shuttlecocks
It is made from 14-16 goose feathers that are placed in a leather- covered cork head, made
of either plastic or nylon. Synthetic shuttles are suitable for recreational games but
feathered or official shuttlecock weighs from 4.74 to 5.50 grams.

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TOPIC 5: BADMINTON STROKES

a. Forehand Stroke – refers to any shock struck on the racket side of the body.
b. Backhand Stroke – these are hosts on the side away from the racket / left side of right-
handed, right side for left-handed.
Three parts of backhand of forehand stroke:
 Backswing – involves all movements of the racket away from the target.
 Hitting action – includes all forward motions until the racket contacts the shuttle.
 Follow- Through – involves all movements from control contact until the player is back in
a position to wait the opponent’s next shot.
c. Underhand Stroke – when the approaching shuttle is low in front of the player.
Steps in executing the underhand stroke
 In a backswing position, drop the racket hand down and back
 Move the right foot forward in the direction of the spot where the shuttle will hit the floor,
weight will transfer to front foot.
 The wrist cocks back during the backswing, hyperextension on the forehand side but
flexing on the backhand side.
 Move forward the arm while the wrist remains cocked.
 Hit the target shuttle combining the three movements in accelerating with full and rapid
upward movement of the hand toward the target, including a vigorous uncocking of the
wrist.

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 d. Overhand Stroke – used to return the shuttle with a high trajectory coming from the
opponent’s court when the shuttle gets behind you.
Steps in executing the overhand stroke
 Lift both arms overhead. Sharply bend the elbow of the racket arm and move the racket
foot in the direction of the area where the shuttle would hit the floor.
 The non-racket hand provides balance. It should be higher than the head and points toward
the incoming shuttle when you are hitting a forehand, and it will be nearer shoulder level
and behind the shuttle when you are hitting a backhand.
 During the execution of a smash (overhead shot sharply hit forcefully at a steeper
downward angle), the wrist sometimes moves fast extending to a flex position during the
follow-through.
e. Sidearm Stroke – if the opponent uses a drive (fast low shot with flat trajectory) to hit the
shuttle parallel to either sidelines and you reach it at a height between your waist and your
shoulder, return it with a sidearm stride.

Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jUjFMxH-HfM

TOPIC 6 : FOOTWORK

Ready Position the stance you assume while waiting for the opponent.
 Establish both feet at the moment the opponent is hitting the shuttle.
 Feet should be apart, one slightly ahead of the other for better balance.
 Knees remain flexed at all times, to move fast around the court.
 Remember to position yourself at the center court to reach any return.
Moving into hitting position the steps you take in getting into position to stroke the shuttle.
 Consider to take a long first step with the racket foot when moving forward in the court
for effective technique
 Pivot your left or right when moving to the rear of the court. If the shuttle is hit to your
backhand side, pivot is followed by crossover step with right foot.
 Use shuttle or short steps to reach the shuttle, avoiding further crossover steps.
Footwork during the hitting action the relationship of the feet during the hitting action.

Forehand:
 When the shuttle is behind you on the forehand side or directly overhead, faces the
forehand sideline or front corner.

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  During the hitting action, transfer your weight to your front foot, raising the heel of your
back foot well off the floor.
 Powerful hitting could be displayed through hitch kick or scissors kick, in which both feet
come off the floor at the same time.
Backhand:
 When the shuttle is behind you, pivot and cross over so that you face the backhand sideline
or back corner.
 Transfer your weight onto the foot closest to your target as you stroke the shuttle.
 Back heel will come high off the floor, and the toe of your back foot may drag across the
surface.
Footwork during the recovery returning to base before your opponent hits again.
 If in front court, it is efficient to recover with long step with the racket foot, followed by
the shuffle steps as needed.
 When you have hit from the back 8 feet of the court, or your backcourt the first recovery
step will also be with the racket foot.
Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1UIhKZCPMYM

TOPIC 7: EVENTS
Tournament/Badminton Competition
Events Played in Badminton Competitions:
Mens Singles-1
Womens Singles-1
Mens Doubles- 2 regulars
-1 alternate player
Womens Doubles- 2 regular player
1 alternate player
Mixed Doubles 2 regular players
1 alternate player

Mode of Tournament
 Knock out system
 Double Elimination
 Single Round Robin
ASSESSMENT

Learning Activity 1.1:

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Direction: We provided instructional video on how to do it. Open the link below and take a screen
shot to prove that you already watch it and send the screenshot to your subject teacher. After
watching, it is now your turn to do the shuttle control and control the shuttle base on the level
indicated below. (FOREHAND, BACKHAND and COMBINATION). Take a video of your
self at least 1 to 2 minutes then submit it to your subject teacher through email or messenger.
Equipment:
 Racket
 Shuttlecock
1st Level: From the waist level up to head
2nd Level: From waist level to 3 meters high
3rd Level: From waist level up to ceiling

Link: https://youtu.be/3kRvce9ql40

Learning Activity 1.2: (Serving)

Direction: We provided instructional video on how to do the service. Open the link below and take
a screen shot to prove that you already watch it and send the screenshot to your subject teacher.
After watching, it is now your turn to do the Service and use the Forehand and Backhand in serving
the shuttlecock to the opponent’s court. Take a video of yourself at least 1 to 2 minutes then submit
it to your subject teacher through email or messenger.
 Forehand/Backhand serving ------- right to right service court and left to left service court
Note:
If you are right-handed that is your forehand and once you extend your right arm towards your
left side that is backhand
If you are left-handed that is your backhand and once you extend your left arm towards your right
side that is forehand.
Link: https://youtu.be/b7gy7c0uJ8k
NOTE: The skill will be graded using to the rubrics below.

Novice Beginner Good Excellent

(2 pts) (3 pts) (4 pts) (5 pts)
GRIP

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Forehand and
backhand Racquet Correct grip Correct grip Correct grip
gripped in a used used majority used every time
Head of the way that sometimes of the time
racket resembles
perpendicular
to the floor
when it is held
straight out in
front.

STANCE

Side on - Non Standing front Non racquet Correct stance Correct stance
racquet foot on to net foot slightly used majority always used -
forward - forward - not of time - non non racquet
weight mostly all the time - no racquet foot foot forward -
on back foot real weight forward - more shifts weight
transfer focus on from back foot
shifting weight to front foot
required

SHUTTLE CONTACT

Shuttle No consistency Point of contact Point of contact Point of contact

dropped - in shuttle drop generally in always in front always in front
contact made in and racquet front of body - of body and to of body and to
front/side of swing - varying inconsistent the side - the side -
body - below heights and shuttle height - shuttle consistently
waist - smooth wild swing poor follow contacted contacts shuttle
racquet action through around waist below the waist
level most - smooth
times - short racquet action
follow through and follow
through

SERVE

Shuttle clears Struggles to Clears the net Clears the net Always clears
net and lands in clear the net most of the every time - the net and
the correct part and no time - landing most shuttles shuttle always
of court accuracy of anywhere in the landing in lands in correct
shuttle court correct part of part of the court
court

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 SHUTTLE TRAJECTORY

Shuttle travels Shuttle only Shuttle lands in Shuttle travels Shuttle always
high and long clears the net the middle of to the back of travels very
to the back of sometimes - not the box - needs the court but high and lands
the court long enough or to be higher could be higher right at the back
high enough of the court -
lots of air time

Total

Learning Activity 1.3: (Footwork)

Direction: Master the badminton footwork. We provided instructional video on how to do it. Open
the link below and take a screen shot to prove that you already watch it and send the screenshot to
your subject teacher. After watching, it is now your turn to do the Footworks. Take a video of
yourself at least 1 to 2 minutes then submit it to your subject teacher through email or messenger.
 V Front
 Side to side (for defense)
 V Back
 Moving forward and backward
See the link: https://youtu.be/mAsM7ZOhbLs
NOTE: The skill will be graded according to the rubrics below

Criteria Points

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 1 2 3 4

Now you can

Using the footwork Now you can use
use the
to move forewords the footwork to
footwork in a
Moving Running foreword only when you move foreword
game to move ____
forewords in a game have lots of time, in a game all the
foreword, and
and when you are time but still not
also you are
prepared in a game to fast
very fast

Using the footwork Using the Using the

to move back when footwork to footwork in a
Running back in a you have lots of move back in a game to move
Moving back ____
game time, and when you game all the time back and also
are prepared in a but still not to you are very
game fast fast

Using the footwork

Use the footwork using the
to move right when
to move to the footwork in a
Moving to Just running to the you have lots of
right in a game game to move ____
the right right in a game time, and when you
all the time but right and also
are prepared in a
still not that fast very fast
game

Using the footwork Using the

Using the
to move to the left footwork to
footwork to
Moving to Running to the when you have lots move to the left
move left in a ____
the left left in a game of time, and when all time in a
game and also
you are prepared in game but still
very fast
a game not to fast

____
Total----> ____

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 LESSON 2
Table Tennis
TOPICS
1. Table Tennis History and Development
2. Equipment
3. Starting Game
4. Styles of Play

LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
1. display active and healthy lifestyle, value of fitness and experience and lifelong activity;
2. demonstrate the different grips; and
3. perform the different footwork

TOPIC 1: HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT

Table Tennis
Table tennis is very popular, especially in East Asia and is among the most popular sports in the
world in terms of player numbers, as well as one of the newest of the major sports.
Ping Pang Qiu- is the official name of the sport in Mainland China, Hong Kong, Taiwan and
Macau.
Takkyu is the official name of the sport in Japan.
Tak-gu is the name of the sport in Korea

The game is controlled by the International Table Federation (ITTF), founded in 1926.

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History
The history of table tennis (or ping-pong as it is also commonly known) is a long
and interesting sequence of events, which would require a book to do it justice. This article
provides a brief overview of the origins of the game, as well as what are generally
acknowledged as many of the important highlights of the game's development.

There is often conflicting information available regarding the early days of table
tennis and all differing opinions are presented here for completeness.
Early Origins of Table Tennis/Ping-Pong
 12th Century AD: The game of table tennis probably descended from the the game of
"Royal Tennis" (also known as Real Tennis or Court Tennis), which was played in the
medieval era.
 1880's: Some sources claim that the sport was once known as indoor tennis, and was played
in the early 1880's by British army officers stationed in India and South Africa. These
officers are supposed to have used cigar box lids as paddles, rounded wine bottle corks as
balls, and books for an improvised net.
 1880's: The game had become fashionable among the upper classes in England.
 1887: According to the ITTF website, the first use of the name "Table Tennis" appeared
on a board and dice game made by J.H.Singer of New York.
 1890: The earliest existing evidence of a table tennis game is a set made by David Foster,
patented in England, which included table versions of Lawn Tennis, Cricket and Football.
 1891: John Jacques of London introduce their "Gossima" game, which used drum-type
paddles, a 50mm web wrapped cork ball, and a 30cm high net.
 1890's: By this time, several patents with basic rules had been registered.
 1890's: Parker Brothers begin making an indoor tennis kit which included a portable net,
a small ball covered in netting, and paddles.
 1900: Englishman James Gibb is credited with bringing hollow celluloid balls back to
England from the USA, although some other sources claim they were plastic balls.
Previously most balls were solid rubber or cork, often covered in material. Some sources
also credit Gibb with inventing the name "ping pong", which was supposed to have been
derived from the sound of the ball bouncing off the drum battledores (paddles), each of
which had a different sound.
 1901: John Jacques register "Ping Pong" as a trade name in England. The American rights
to the name are sold to Parker Brothers.
 1901: On the 12th December 1901, "The Table Tennis Association" is formed in England.
Four days later, "The Ping Pong Association" is also formed in England.
 1901: Table tennis is first brought to China via western settlements.
 1902: Englishman E.C.Goode is credited with putting pebbled rubber on his wooden blade,
allowing him to put more spin on the ball. This is the forerunner of the ordinary pimpled
rubber racket, which will dominate table tennis until 1952.

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 1903: On the 1st May 1903, "The Table Tennis Association" and "The Ping Pong
Association" amalgamate, forming "The United Table Tennis and Ping Pong Association".
This association will later revert its name to "The Table Tennis Association", before
becoming defunct in 1904.
 1920's-1950's: Classic Hard Bat Era / Europe Dominates the Sport
 1920's: In the early 1920's the game began to revive in England and Europe.
 1922: "The Table Tennis Association" is reconstituted, with the name "English Table
Tennis Association" being adopted in 1927.
 1926: The International Table Tennis Federation is formed.
 1926-1931: Maria Mednyanszky of Hungary wins the Women's Singles event at the World
Championships five times in a row.
 1930-1935: Victor Barna of Hungary wins five of the six Men's Singles events at the World
Championships (and was runner up in 1931).
 1935: The American Ping Pong Association, US Amateur Table Tennis Association, and
National Table Tennis Association merge to form the US Table Tennis Association (which
was renamed USA Table Tennis in 1994).
 1936: Repainted tables (which made the playing surface very slow) and a high net (6¾
inches high) combine to make attacking play very difficult at the World Championships in
Prague, Czechoslovakia. This results in the longest rally ever in a World Championships
taking place, lasting over two hours.
 1938: The ITTF lowers the net from 6¾ inches to 6 inches, and bans the finger spin serves
which had been used with devasting effect by American players.
 1940-1946: No World Championships held due to World War II.
 1950-1955: Angelica Rozeanu-Adelstein of Romania wins six Women's Singles titles in a
row at the World Championships. Since her last title win in 1955, every World Champion
in Women's Singles has been an Asian player.
 1950's-1970's: Sponge Bat Era / Rise of Japan and China
 1952: Hiroji Satoh of Japan becomes notorious for his use of a wooden racket covered in
thick foam sponge rubber, which produces much more speed and spin than conventional
pimpled rubber rackets. He wins the 1952 World Championships over Jozsef Koczian of
Hungary, and begins a period of Asian male domination in the sport which will last until
Sweden rises to supremacy from 1989 into the early 1990's.
 1957: The World Championships changes to a biennial event (once every two years), due
to the logistics of hosting an event of such size, and difficulty in finding suitable venues.
 1958: The first European Championships is conducted in Budapest, Hungary, and sees the
USSR's debut in international table tennis.
 1959-1960: The ITTF standardizes the thickness of ordinary pimpled rubber and sponge
rubber.
 1960's: In the early 1960's, the loop drive was invented and become popular around the
world.
 1960's: From around 1965 to 1971, China under the rule of Ma Tse-Tung disappears from
world table tennis events.

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 1961-1965: Zhuang Zedong of China wins 3 Men's Singles titles in a row at the World
Championships, each time over compatriot Li Furong.
 1960's: In the early 1960's, Xhang Xi Lin of China uses a "Yin-Yan" bat with normal
rubber on one side, and long pimples on the other—the first recorded instance of
successful combination bat play.
 1971: China returns to International Competition at the 1971 World Championships.
 1971: The US Table Tennis Team takes a "Ping-Pong Diplomacy" trip to China, in a world
first effort to use sport to establish and improve diplomatic relations.
 1971: Jean-Paul Weber of France uses the first anti-spin rubber in the World
Championships in Nagoya, Japan, and enjoys some success with its use.
 1971: The first Commonwealth Championships are held in Singapore.
 1970's-2000's: The Age of Speed Glue & Technology
 1970's: Table tennis players discover that using bicycle tyre repair glue to put rubber on a
blade dramatically increases the speed and spin that can be produced. This discovery is
often credited to Dragutin Surbek of Yugoslavia, and Tibor Klampar of Hungary. This
discovery is called speed glue.
 1970's-1989: China is the dominant force in both men's and women's events on the world
scene, winning multiple events at all world championships.
 1980: John Hilton of England wins the European Championships using a combination bat
of normal rubber and antispin, twiddling the racket and playing aggressively.
 1980: The first World Cup event is held in Hong Kong.
 1982: The initial World Veteran's Championships is conducted in Gothenburg, Sweden.
 1980's: In 1985, the two-color rule is adopted to reduce the effectiveness of combination
rackets.
 1988: Table Tennis becomes an Olympic sport, in Seoul, South Korea.
 1989-1993: Sweden breaks the Chinese stranglehold in Men's World Championships,
winning the 1989, 1991, and 1993 Teams Events, and producing the 1989 and 1991 World
Men's Champions (Jan-Ove Waldner and Jorgen Persson respectively). China continues its
dominance in female ranks.
 1995-present: China reasserts its control over the Mens Team and Mens Singles events at
the World Championships.
 1997: Jan-Ove Waldner wins the Mens Singles title at the World Championships for the
second time, this time without the loss of a single game!
 2000: A brief blip in the Chinese men's dominance occurs when the aging Swedish trio
of Jan-Ove Waldner, Jorgen Persson and Peter Karlsson combine to steal the Mens Team
title in a thrilling final.
 2000: The ITTF increases increases the ball diameter to 40mm.
 2001: The ITTF changes the scoring system, moving to 11 point games, and using a best
of 5 games or best of 7 games match.
 2002: Table Tennis becomes a Commonwealth Games Sport, at Manchester, England.
 2003: Werner Schlager of Austria breaks the Chinese stranglehold on the Men's Singles
World Championship title, saving several match points along the way against opponents in

17
 Wang Liqin and Kong Linghui. He meets Joo Se Hyuk of South Korea in the final - Joo is
the first defensive player to make the Mens Singles final since the Eberhard Scholer of
Germany in 1969 (Scholer also lost in his final, to Japan's Shigeo Itoh).
 2000's: In the early 2000's, frictionless long pimples become popular among many players,
in an attempt to negate the the power and spin produced by modern technology and speed
glue.
 2006: The intended banning of frictionless long pips and speed glues with toxic organic
solvents is announced by the ITTF.
 2007: The ITTF withdraws its approval of all table tennis glues, following a health incident
involving a speed glue user in Japan.
 2008: The use of speed glues with illegal VOCs is banned for all ITTF junior competitions
as of January 1. Machines that test for illegal VOCs are introduced to check for rules
infractions.

TOPIC 2: EQUIPMENT

The Table
It the table shall be made of any material and shall yield a uniform bounce of not less than
220mm, and not more than 250mm, when a standard ball is dropped from a height of 305 mm,
above its surface. The playing surface shall be dark-colored, preferably dark green and matt, with
a white line of 20mm, broad along each edge. The line at the 1.525m. edges, or ends, shall be
termed as end lines and the lines at the 2.74m. edges or side, shall be termed as side lines.
For doubles, the playing surface shall be termed center line, divided into halves by a white
line 3mm, broad, running parallel to the side lines. The center line may, for convenience, be
permanently marked in full length on the table and this in no way invalidates the table for singles
play.
The upper surface of the table, known as the playing surface, shall be rectangular 9 feet
(2.74m) in length and 5 feet (1.52mm) in width. The playing surface shall be in a horizontal plane
2 ft. 6 inches (76cm.) above the floor.
The playing surface shall include the top below the edges. The playing surface shall be
made of any material and shall yield a uniform bounce of about 23cm, when a standard ball is
dropped to it from a height of 30cm. The playing surface shall be divided into 2 equal courts by a
vertical net running parallel with the end lines and shall be continuous over the whole area of each
court; For doubles, each court by a white center line 3mm wide running parallel with the side lines.
The centerline shall be the part of each right half court.

18
The Net
The net shall be suspended by a cord attached at each end to an upright post 15.25cm high,
the outside units of a post being 15.25 cm outside the side line. The top of the net along its whole
length shall be 15.25 cm above the playing surface and bottom of the net shall be as close as
possible to the playing surface along its whole length and the net shall be as close as possible to
the playing surface along its whole length and the ends of the net shall be as close as possible to
the supporting posts.

The Ball

19
 The International rules specify that the game is played
with a light 2.7 gram, 40 mm (formerly 38mm) diameter ball. The
ball is required to have a coefficient of restitution of 0.94. the
40mm ball was introduced at the 2003 Work Table Tennis
Championship.
Balls are usually white, but some are orange. They
vary in price from cheap 10-cent balls that break on contact
with a racket to three-star quality balls that cost nearly a dollar
each. A poorly made ball tends to be lopsided, with soft spots, so
that it not only breaks easily, it doesn't bounce the same way each time. You should probably go
for the expensive three-stars. They bounce better, and in the long run they're cheaper because they
last much longer. Balls are usually marked either one, two, or three-star. Get the three-stars. If
there are no stars, avoid them.

The Racket
Players are equipped with a wooden
blade covered with rubber on one or two
sides depending on the grip of the player.
This is called either a paddle, racket or bat
depending on where in the world the game
is being played. In the USA the term
“paddle” is common, in Europe the term is
“bat,” and the official ITTF term is “racket.”
This section will use the ITTF term.
Table tennis regulations allow
different surfaces on each side of the racket.
The different types of surface provide
various levels of spin or speed, or in some
cases, nullify spin. For example, a player
may have a rubber that provide much spin on one side of his racket, and no spin on the other side
of the racket. By flipping the racket in play, different types of returns are possible. To help a player
distinguish between different types of rubber used by his opposing player, international rules
specify that one side must be red while the other side must be black. The player the right to inspect
his opponent’s racket before a match to see the type of rubber used and what color it is. Despite
high speed play and rapid exchanges, a player can see clearly what side of the racket was used to
hit the ball.
Racket construction and new rubber technology (skilled elite players typically select and
attach the rubber to their own rackets and glue them before every match) contribute significantly
to the amount of deviation from the expected ball flight path. The fairly recent development of

20
speed glue speeds up the departure of the ball from the rubber considerably, through at the cost of
some ball control.

Different Types of Rubber Sheets

 Inverted (non-Chinese): This is the most widely used rubber type. The surface is smooth,
with the pimpled side facing inwards toward the blade. This enables the player to generate
high level of spin and speed. Spin is mainly generated not by the action of the top sheet
alone, but also by the ball sinking into the sponge and allowing greater surface area to
contact the ball.
 Inverted (Chinese): Chinese rubbers typically have sticker (or “tackier”) top sheets. Spin
is generated mainly by the top sheet, as opposed to the sponge, which is relatively more
condensed and firmer. The result is usually a far better short game and potential power
capabilities than normal inverted.
 Short pimples (or “pips”): Short pimples-out rubbers are usually used by close-to-the-table
hitters (for example, Liu Guoliang). They do not generate as much spin as inverted rubbers,
but also make the user less susceptible to the opponent’s spin. Speed generated from a short
pip rubber is generally faster than the inverted with the same sponge. Depending on the
thickness of the sponge it is also possible to play a chopping game with short pimples by
varying the spin of the return. While blocking and attacking a “dead ball” effect is often
noticed. Ding Song is an exponent of this style.
 Long pimples (or “pips”): Long pimples- out rubbers carry relatively long and soft pips.
They do not have the ability to generate any real spin of their own, but feed off the
opponent’s spin back upon impact as the pips bend and slide. They are usually used by
closed-to-the-table blockers or choppers. They are usually only used on the backhand side,
as they offer very limited attacking capabilities. Depending on the grip of the pimples and
the thickness of the sponge it is also possible to play an aggressive game with long pips,
though with not much spin capability.
 Anti-spin: Anti-spin rubbers may look similar to inverted ones, but the surface is really
slick. Like long pimples, they cannot generate much real spin, but just allows the user to
produce a non-spin ball. Anti-spin in also not very susceptible to the opponents incoming
spin, due to the low coefficient of friction of the rubber’s surface. This is also used to
confuse the opponent, and is not widely used at international level.

TOPIC 3: STARTING GAME

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 Starting Game

In top-flight competition, service is decided by a coin toss, at lower levels it is

common for one player (or the umpire/scorer) to hide the ball in one or the other hand
(usually hidden under the table), allowing the other player to guess which hand the ball is
in. the correct or incorrect guess gives the “winner” the option to choose to serve, or to
choose which side of the table to use. In recreational games, the players may have a rally
for a minimum set number of 10 hits, after which the rally is played out, with the winner
either choosing to serve or choosing the table side. Others use the “P-O-N-G” or “P-I-N-
G” method rallying back and forth spelling a letter of P-O-N-G or P-I-N-G after every hit.
After P-O-N-G or P-I-N-G is spelled the person to win the rally also wins the serve.

Service
In game play, the player serving the ball commences a point. Standing behind the
end game of the table, with the ball in the palm of one hand- over the table’s height –and
the paddle in the other, the server tosses the ball without spin, upward, at least sixteen
centimeters (approximately 6 inches).

He or she then must hit the ball such that it bounces once on his or her half of the
table, and then bounces at least one time on the opponent’s half. If the ball strikes the net
but does not strike the opponent’s half of the table, then a point is awarded to the opponent.
However, if the ball hits the net, but nevertheless goes over and bounces on the other side,
it is called a let (or net-in). Play stops, and the ball must be served again with no penalty.
Unlike the old service rules, where a player may only commit three lets, now a players may
commit any number of lets without penalty.

If the service is “good” return- by returning the ball before it bounces on his or her
side of the table a second time. Returning the serve is one of the most difficult parts of the
game, as the server’s first move is often the least predictable.

Hitting the ball

Any hitting of the ball must be done such that the ball passes over or around the
net. If the ball is struck such that it travels around the net, but still lands on the opponents
cannot return it over (or around) the net and make it bounce on your side, then win the
point.

Scoring
Points are awarded to the opponent for any of several errors in play:

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  Allowing the ball to bounce on one’s own side twice
 Not hitting the ball after it has bounced on one’s own side
 Having the ball bounce on one’s own side after hitting it
 Hitting the ball before it has bounced on one’s own side of the table
 Double hitting the ball. Note that the hand below the wrist is considered part of the bat and
making a good return of one’s hand or fingers is allowed, but hitting one’s hand or fingers
and subsequently hitting the bat is a double strike and an error.
 Allowing the ball to strike anything other than the bat (see above for definition of the bat)
 Causing the ball not to bounce on the opponent’s half (i.e., not making a”good return”)
 Placing one’s free hand on the playing surface or moving the playing surface
 Offering and failing to make a good serve (i.e., making a service toss and failing to strike
the ball fairly into play)
 Making an illegal serve (e.g., one preceded by a player’s hiding the bail or his failing to
toss the ball at least 16 centimeters (six inches) in the air).
 Hitting the net with bat or any body part, or moving the table.
Alternative Service
Service alternates between opponents every two points (regardless of winner of the
rally) until a player reaches 11 points with at least a two-point lead, or until both player
have 10 points apiece. If both players reach 10 points, then service alternatives after each
point, until one player gains a two-point advantage.

In doubles, service alternates every two points between sides, but also rotates
between players on the same team. At the end of every points, the receiving player becomes
the server, and the partner of the serving player becomes the receiver.

In the older 21-point game system, service would alternate every 5 points. If both
players reached a score of 20, then service would alternate each point until one player gains
a two- point advantage. When a match point occurs, the server is allowed three attempts at
serving and 2 lets before he loses the point.

Series of Games
After each game, players switch sides of the table and in the fifth or seventh, game
“for the match”, players switch sides when the first player scores 5 points, regardless of
whose turn is to serve. In competition play, matches are typically best of five or seven
games.

Recreational Variations
Some recreational players may choose to use a volleyball style system of scoring and play.
Such variations include, but are not limited to, allowing the let serve, not requiring the server to
hit the ball on his half of the table first (but still allowing it), allowing the volleying of returns and
relaxing other small rules in doubles to make the game easier to play. Common recreational scoring

23
styles includes best of three game side out scoring to 15, 21, 25, or 30 points per game with a third
game being played rally style to 15; best of five game rally style play with each game, save the
fifth (to 15), played to 30 points; and traditional tennis scoring.

Doubles Game
In addition to games between individual players, pairs may also play table tennis. In
doubles, all the rules of single play apply except for the following. A line painted along the long
axis of the table to create double courts bisects the table: this line’s only purpose is to facilitate the
doubles service rule, which is that service, must originate from the right hand “box” in such a way
that the first bounce of the serve bounces once in said right hand box and then must bounce at least
once in the opponents side’s right hand box (far left box for server). Play then continues normally
with the exception that players must alternate hitting the ball. For example, after a player serves
the receiving player make his or her return, the server’s partner returns the ball and then the service
receiver’s partner would play the ball. In wheelchair doubles side. The point proceeds this way
until one side fails to make a legal return and point is the point is then awarded to the other team.
Also, when the game reaches the final set, the teams must switch side and the team that receives
the service must switch server when one of the teams reach 5 points. Singles the doubles are both
played in international competition, including the Olympics Games since 1988 and the
commonwealth Games since 2002.
In 2005, the ITTF has announced that doubles table tennis will be featured only as a part
of teams’ events in the 2008 Olympics.

TOPIC 4: STYLES OF PLAY

Grip
Competitive table tennis players grip their bats in a variety of ways. The manner in which
competitive players grip their bats can be classified into two major families of styles. One is
described as pen hold, and the other shake hand. The Laws of the Table Tennis do not prescribe
the manner in which one must grip the bat, and numerous variations on gripping styles exist.

a. Penhold

24
 The penhold grip is so-named because one grips the bat to
the way one holds a writing instrument. The style of play among
penhold players can vary greatly from player to player. The style
usually referred to as the Chinese penhold style, involves curling
the middle, ring, and fourth finger back. In contrast, another styles,
sometimes referred to as the Japanese penhold, involves
splaying those three fingers out across the back of the bat.
Penhold styles are popular among players originating from Asian nations such as China, Taiwan,
Japan and South Korea.Traditionally, penhold players use only one side of the bat to hit the ball
during normal play. The side which is in contact with the last three fingers is generally not use.
However, the Chinese have developed a new technique in which a penholder utilizes both sides of
the bat. This is referred to as the Reverse penhold backhand (RPB).

b. Shakehand
The Shakehand grip is so-named because one grips the
way one performs a handshake. The grip is sometimes
colloquially referred to as a “tennis grip” or a “Western grip.”
The shakehand grip is most popular among players originating
in Western nations. Today, though, there are many Asian
players using the shakehand grip.

Unusual Grips
 V-grip
As an experimental style being developed in China, it is held
by forming a “V for victory” sign and gripping the blade
between the forefinger and middle finger, while having the
other fingers rest under and on top of the handle; it requires a
modified blade to grip successfully. A noticeable spin benefit
is noticed due to the longer lever and mechanics utilized in the
forehand and backhand (much like those found in the Western
grip in tennis).

25
  Seemlier grip
A grip that was made famous by Danny
Seemiller, an American champion. This grip is a
variation of the shakehand grip. In this grip, the
forefinger and thumb are placed on the same side of the
bat, which allows the backhand and forehand shots to use the
same side of the rubber. This grip also has the
nickname “windshield wiper” due to the motion of the
backhand and forehand.

Types of Shots
In table tennis, the strokes break down into generally offensive (producing topspin) and
defensive (producing backspin). Spin exceptions are the smash, block, and lob. The types of
strokes include backhand and forehand.

Offensive Strokes
Speed drive
In table tennis it is not similar to strokes of a racket sport like tennis. The bat is primarily
perpendicular to the direction of the direction of the stroke, and most of the energy applied to the
ball results in speed rather than spin, creating a shot that does not are much, but is fast enough that
it can be difficult to return. A speed drive is used mostly for keeping the ball in play, applying
pressure on the opponent and potentially opening up an opportunity for a more powerful attack.

Loop drive
It is essentially the reverse of the speed drive. The bat is much more parallel to the direction
of the stroke (“closed”) and the bat thus grazes the ball, resulting in a large amount of topspin. A
good loop drive will arc quite a bit, and once striking the opponent’s side of the table will jump
forward much like a kick serve in tennis. A loop drive is dangerous because of its topspin- while
not as difficult to return as a drive, it is more likely to rebound off the opponent’s bat At a very
high angle, setting up an easy smash on the follow up. As the loop drive requires a lot of topspin,
players generally use their entire body to generate the movement required. Variations in spin and
speed adds to effectiveness of this shot.

Chinese players categorized loop-drives in 3 variations based on trajectories:

26
 1. The “Loop”
(or is called the “ultra-topspin”) Produces a more pronounced loopy arc, with a higher
trajectory and extreme topspin, but is typically slower.
2. The “Rush”
Produces a flatter trajectory than a typical “Loop” but carries much stronger topspin than
a regular speed-drive. It can be as fast as a speed-drive ,and in modern table tennis has
come to replace it in virtually all cases. The ball seems to ”rush ” forward and downward
upon hitting the table, and hence the nickname. (Compared to the “kicking” or “jumping”
actions resulted from the high-arc “Loop”)
3. The “Hook”
Similar to a rectangular Loop, but carries a titled topspin (or is referred as the ‘’top-side”
spin ), it bounces sideways and downward upon hitting the table. Similar but stronger than
the defensive “side-drive” described below.
Counter drive
Usually a counter attack against drives (normally high loop drives). You have to close the
bat and stay close to the ball (try to predict its path). The bat is held closed and near to the ball,
which is hit with a short movement “off the bounce” (before reaching the highest point) so that the
ball travels faster to the other side. If performed correctly, a well-timed , accurate counter-drive
can be as effective as a smash.

Flip (or Flick in Europe)

When a player tries to attack a ball that has not bounced beyond the edge of the table,
he/she does not have the room to wind up in a backswing. The ball may still be attacked, however,
and the resulting shot is called flip because the backswing is compressed into a quick wrist action.
A flip is not a single stroke and can resemble either a drive or a loop in its characteristics. What
identifies the stroke is instead whether the backswing is compressed into a short wrist flick. Also
known as ”harai” in Japanese.
Smash
The offensive trump card in table tennis. A player will typically execute a smash when his
or her opponent has returned a ball that bounces too high and/or too close to the net. Smashing is
essentially self-explanatory – large backswing and rapid acceleration imparting as much speed on
the ball as possible. The goal for a smash is to get the ball to move so quickly that the opponent
simply cannot return it. Because the ball speed is the main aim of this shot, often the spin on a
smash to alter the ball’s trajectory significantly, although most intermediate players will smash the
ball with little or no spin. An offensive table-tennis player will think of rally as a build-up to a
winning smash; only a calculated series of smashes can guarantee a point against a good opponent.
However, most players will be able to return at most one or two smashes consistently. Provided
that the opponent is not too close to the table or too far away from the ball, a smash can be lobbed,
chopped, blocked or even counter-looped, albeit with some difficulty. A player who smashes
generally works out a series of smashes (and possibly drop-shots) to rush the opponent out of

27
position out him off balance, or both. Smashers who fail to do this find it difficult to win a point
against an excellent defense

Defensive Strokes
Slice
The slice is analogous to the speed drive in some respects- it is very simple, usually used
for keeping the point alive and creating offensive opportunities. A-Slice resembles a tennis slice;
the bat cuts underneath the ball, imparting backspin and causing the ball to float slowly to the other
side of the table. While not obvious, a slice can be difficult to attack because the backspin on the
ball causes it to drop toward the table upon striking the opponent’s bat- in order to attack a slice a
player must lift the back over the net.
Chop
A Chop or cut is the defensive, backspin counterpart of the offensive loop drive. A chop is
essentially a bigger, heavier slice, taken well back from the table. The bat face points primarily
horizontally, perhaps a little bit upward and the direction of the stroke is straight down.
Block
The block or short is a simple shot, barely worthy of being called a “stroke,” but
nonetheless can be devastating against an attacking opponent. A block is executed by simple
putting the bat in front of the ball- the ball rebounds back toward the opponent with nearly as much
energy as it came in with.
Push-Block
High level players may use what is called push block or block, adding speed to the ball
(with a small topspin movement). When playing in the Penhold Grip, Many players use push
blocks when being pressured on the backhand. Chinese pen-hold players refer it as push-block as
they literally “push” their backhand forward, instead of simply blocking it.
Side Drive
This Spin is alternately used as a defensive and offensive maneuver. The premise of this
move is to put a spin on the ball either to the right or the left of the bat. The execution of this move
is similar to a slice, but to the right or left instead of down.

Lob

28
 The defensive lob is possibly the most visually-impressive shot in the sport of table tennis,
and it is deceptive in its simplicity. To execute a lob, a defensive player first back of the table 8-
10 feet (2.5 to 3m, advanced players sometimes go 20 feet or 6m or more); then the stroke itself
consists of simply lifting the ball to an enormous height before it falls back to the opponent’s side
of the table.
Stop
Stop (or drop shot) is a high level stroke, used as another variation for close to table strokes
(like harai and slice). You have to position the body close to the ball and just let the ball touch the
bat (without any hand movement) in a way that the ball stays close to net with almost no speed
and spin and touches the other side of the table more than twice if the opponent doesn’t reach it.

ASSESSMENT

Learning Activity 2.1: (Service)

Direction: After watching the video clip, do the service using any table at home or any available
that you can use to play. Take a video of yourself while doing the service at least 1 to 2 minutes.
Send the video clip to your subject teacher through email or messenger. This will be assessed using
the rubric below.
See the link below:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NfmPcpi4sfc

Learning Activity 2.2: (Footwork)

Direction: See the link below: After watching the video clip, do the service using any table at
home or any available that you can use to play. Take a video of yourself while doing the footworks
atleast 1 to 2 minutes. Send the video clip to your subject teacher through email or messenger. This
will be assessed by the rubric below.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M0v5SvlD1oQ

29
 Learning Activity 2.3: (Grip)

Direction: See the link below: Do the service using any table, after watching the video clip at home
or any available that you can use to play. Take a video of yourself while doing the grip at least 1
to 2 minutes. Send the video clip to your subject teacher through email or messenger. This will be
assessed by the rubric below.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Zq-OHCNx7o
5 4 3 2
Body Excellent Good Fair Poor total
Control/Footwork points
body in low body in weight on hands were
athletic low heels, apart, body
stance, athletic elbows in upright
weight on stance, were bent, position,
balls of weight on ball was did not
feet, knees balls of playable for call, lift,
bent, called feet, knees teammates, ball was
mine, bent, called some
hands mine, control of
together, hands ball
ball went together,
towards ball went
target, towards
control of target,
the ball, control of
pass had a the ball
purpose
Strokes Excellent Good Fair Poor total
points
body in body in made a hands were
athletic athletic triangle, hit apart, body
position, position, ball off of not in
made a made a palms (not athletic
triangle for triangle for fingers), position,
hands, hands, some lift, no
called called control of control of
mine, mine, ball ball
weight on weight on
balls of balls of
feet, good feet, good
follow follow
through, through,
control of control of

30
 ball to ball to
target, pass target
could
spiked,
pass had a
purpose
Service Excellent Good Fair Poor total
points
serve was serve was serve was Ball not
over the net over the over and in over and in
and in net and in or close. or close, no
bounds, bounds, Had some control of
arm arm control of ball, ball
correct, correct, ball, arm hit off of
weight weight was too wrist or
transfer, transfer, low, not fingers
control of control of proper
the ball, the ball weight
ball was transfer
placed in a
difficult
area to
return
Body Excellent Good Fair Poor total
Control/Footwork points
body in low body in weight on hands were
athletic low heels, apart, body
stance, athletic elbows in upright
weight on stance, were bent, position,
balls of weight on ball was did not
feet, knees balls of playable for call, lift,
bent, called feet, knees teammates, ball was
mine, bent, called some
hands mine, control of
together, hands ball
ball went together,
towards ball went
target, towards
control of target,
the ball, control of
pass had a the ball
purpose

T O T A L

31
 LESSON 3
Arnis

TOPICS
1. History
2. Equipment
3. Fundamental Skills in Arnis
4. 12 Striking Points

LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
1. exhibit and promote active and healthy lifestyle, value of fitness and experience
and lifelong activity;
2. analyze the movements and level of efforts applied the execution of skills; and
3. perform the basic 12 strikes of arnis.

TOPIC 1: HISTORY

Arnis was developed by the indigenous populations of the Philippines, who used an
assorted range of weaponry for combat and self-defense. Encompassing both simple impact and
edged weapons, arnis traditionally involved rattan, swords, daggers and spears.
In 1521, equipped with nothing more than bladed weapons and their fearsome arnis
abilities, Filipino islanders defeated Ferdinand Magellan’s armored, musket-bearing Spanish
conquistador forces when they tried to invade.
When the Spanish eventually returned and successfully conquered parts of the Philippines,
the traditions of arnis were preserved, despite its prohibition, in the forms of ritual dance,
performance and mock battles. While earlier Filipino martial arts were influenced by Spanish
colonization, the modern forms have been affected by the country’s contact with both the United
States and Japan after gaining independence in 1898. Just over a century later, in 2009, the
government of the Philippines declared arnis to be the martial art and national sport of the
Philippines.
Arnis is the system of Filipino martial arts founded by the late Remy Presas as a self-
defense system . His goal was to create an injury-free training method as well as an effective self-

32
defense system in order to preserve the older Arnis systems . The term Modern Arnis was used by
Remy Presas’ younger brother Ernesto Presas to describe his style of Filipino martial arts ; since
1999 Ernesto Presas called his system Kombatan . It is derived principally from the traditional
Presas family style of the Bolo(Machete) and the stick-dueling art of Balintawak Eskrima , with
influences from other Filipino and Japanese martial arts . Arnis -
Arnis is a Philippines’ national martial art or sport , After President Gloria Macapagal-
Arroyo signed the Reoublict Act. No. 9850 in 2009. The act mandates the Department of Education
to include the sport as a Physical Education course . Arnis will be included among the priority
sports in Palarong Pambansa(National Games) beginning 2010.

TOPIC 2: EQUIPMENT

Weapon
 The padded stick shall be the official weapon of the player.
 The specification of which shall be in accordance with the i-ARNIS standard.
 No other similar material will be allowed to be used in any local, national or international
competition.
 Each padded stick shall be properly foam-cushioned and shall have a maximum grip
diameter of not more than 3.81cm.(1 ½ inch) and length of 76.20cm (30 inches for men
and women).The length of padded stick shall be 27 inches for boys and girls.
 Both padded stick shall be color-coded, one red and the other blue.
Head Protector
 Refers to a pair of protective head gear to include an impact worthy face mask, the
specifications of which shall be in accordance with the i-ARNIS standard.
 Both headgears must be color-coded, one red the other blue, to match the padded stick of
the player.
Body Protector
 Refers to a pair of protective body protector, properly cushioned, the specifications of
which shall be in accordance with the i-ARNIS standard.
 Male and female player must both wear body protector and groin protector.
 Body protector and groin protectors specifications shall be in accordance with the i-ARNIS
standard.
 Both body protectors and groin protectors shall be color coded to match the color of the
player.
 Forearm and shin guards are compulsory.
 The specifications shall be in accordance with i-ANIS standard. Both shin & forearm
guards must be color of the player.

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 Scoreboards
 A pair of scoreboard, either manually or electronically operated, the specifications of which
shall be in accordance with the i-ARNIS standard.
 Two score boards per contest area shall be placed at diagonally opposite at diagonally
opposite corners outside the playing area, inside the competition area within the free zone,
right where the judges are positioned.
Flags
 Two sets of red and blue flags, the size of which is 30 cm by 25 cm, are used by the judges
in declaring decisions or asking for consultations.
 One yellow flag, size 30 cm by 25 cm.
 For timer’s use to signal the start and the end of each round and to declare a time-out and
resumption of the game.
Other Equipment
 Stopwatch is use to keep the two-minutes per round.
 This include interruptions such as injury, changing of broken stick.
 A gong and mallet or other similar audible substitutes such as whistle, bell or buzzer shall
be provided for the timer to indicate the start and end of the round.
 A table shall be provided for the TIMER and RECORDER which shall be situated one (1)
meter in front of the playing area so that time signals are audible enough to both players
and referee.

TOPIC 3: FUNDAMENTAL SKILLS IN ARNIS

The stick is the principal weapon in learning arnis. It is made of rattan stick approximately 28-
30 inches long and a diameter of around 1 inch.
GRIP
 2 inches from the line
 No extension downward
 6 inches from the base or butt
 Middle grip
 4-6 inches from the tip or “susi” or “daga” or knife

Mechanics in the Correct Way of Gripping the Weapon

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  Hold your cane stick with your two hands it at the ends.
 Bring the cane upward in front of you
 Release your right hand and transfer it to the left side of your hand holding the cane.
 Palm facing towards you, roll your fingers and press them on the first and middle fingers,
holding it firmly but not too tight.
 When the wrist becomes flexible it adds speed and power then follow and try to strike your
stick.
Length of the Weapon
The length of the stick, or cane depends on the height and build of the practitioner. He should
measure the length of the arnis weapon depending upon the length of his arm.
Step 1
 Extend your right arm straight downward and straighten your forefinger.
 Measure your stick from the tip of your finger up to the shoulder.
Step 2
 Extend your right arm to the right side of the body at shoulder level then measure your
cane.
Step 3
 Some measure from 24 to 26 inches.
 Others’ from 28 to 30 inches, and others have a measurement of 90 centimeters or 1 meter.
Stance and Posture
Arnis is a martial art of self-defense. Prowess and stability are essential to succeed against the
opponents. Before fighting, one should learn the proper stance and posture to enable one to master
other skills.
A. Straddle Stance
 Perform by sliding the left foot sideward.
 The toe should point forward.
B. Forward Stance
 Perform by sliding the foot forward.
 The toes should point forward.
 The front leg should be bent while the leg at the back should be straight.
 It can be performed either by using the left foot in the left forward stance or by the
right foot in the right forward stance.

C. Back Leading Stance

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  Put one leg forward and let the toe of your forward foot touch the ground at the
same time pivot at the back.
 It can be performed using either the left or the right.
D. Forward Leaning Stance-Side Direction
 Perform by sliding the foot to the side bended knee, toes should point sideward.
 The other leg must be straight, similar to forward stance but the direction is
different.
E. Forward Leaning Stance-Facing the Back
 Perform as in forward stance but the direction of the body is at the back.
 However, the eyes are focused at the opponent.
F. Cross Stance
 Perform by positioning the other leg forward.
Salutation or Saludo
Both fingers, as a courtesy and a sign of a true gentleman, give salutation. There are
mechanics followed in executing the saludo.
 Hold the Stick down the open leg facing each other.
 Close the leg by moving the left leg close to the right in 45 degrees angle.
 Lift the stick to the chest wherein the butt is resting on the chest. The top of the
stick is pointing up.
 Take a bow with the opponents or sparring mate, then go back to the original
position.

TOPIC 4: 12 STRIKING POINTS

1. Left side of the head attack.

A diagonal downward forehand swing to the left temple. From the position, the warrior
will hold the stick with one hand at 1 o’clock moving his stick in slashing motion while his
free hand on his chest.
2. Right side of the head attack.

A diagonal downward backhand swing striking to the right temple. Assuming a fighting
stance like the left temple strike, the warrior this time held his stick at 11 o'clock with his
free hand kept on his chest.

3. Left side of the body or torso, to the left arm or elbow.

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 The 3rd striking technique allows the practitioner to extend his weapon hand making it
easier for him to strike any part of the opponent between its shoulder and hips. The stick
will be draw in a diagonal forehand slashing swing making it easier to deliver a damage.

4. Right side of the body or torso, to the left arm or elbow.

Same as the 3rd strike but this time the practitioner will extend the weapon hand to strike
any part of the body between the shoulder and the hips in a backhand slashing swing located
on the right side

5. Thrust to the stomach.

In this strike, the practitioner will thrust the weapon hand to the stomach and is followed
by an upward motion that will cut through his opponent's body.

6. Right lower leg.

Again, like the 8th strike, the main target here is the right lower leg which immobilize the
opponent. By doing this, the palm should face downward.

7. Left lower leg.

In this technique, the practitioner will deliver a powerful strike to the opponents lower leg,
mainly the knee, the angle or the ankel which throws off the opponents balance and
immobilize him. By doing this, the warrior is supposed to lower his body(extending the
weapon arm). Holding his palm upward and hit any part of the opponents lower leg.

8. Right chest stab.

In this stance, the practitioner will practice the scooping action. The weapon hand is then
extended forward with the palm facing outward. To deliver the strike properly, the elbow
should be kept up puncturing the opponents right lung.

9. Left chest stab.

In this strike, the weapon hand is then extended to the front with the palm facing outward
and the elbow kept up where this strike can cause damage to the rib cage.

10. Right eye poke.

Same as the 10th strike technique. To execute it properly the practitioner will have to hold
his elbow down poking the right eye of the opponent.

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11. Left eye poke.

The target here is the left eye socket. In order to execute it properly, the practitioner should
assume fighting stance then extend the weapon hand forward with the palm facing outward
with its elbow kept down.

12. Strike to the crown/top of head.

The last strike will be a straight downward overhead swing directed towards the crown of
the head which could throw off the opponents mobility and balance.
Link: https://youtu.be/_p-FnGX4dPU
Note: Watch the link on Youtube, take a screenshot and send it to your subject teacher.

ASSESSMENT

Learning Activity 3.1:

t of badminton
Direction: Explain the following question.
1. How does martials arts (Arnis) change your life style?
2. What happened to your body if the strike is wrong?

Learning Activity 3.2:

Direction: Make a video on how to show the proper handling of the stick in Arnis.

Learning Activity 3.3:

Direction: Make a short video doing the twelve strikes. Send it to your subject teacher through
email or messenger.

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REFERENCES

https://www.rcampus.com/rubricshowc.cfm?code=ZX4794W&sp=yes&
http://badmintontips.blogspot.com/2006/05/preface.html
https://www.britannica.com/sports/badminton
Jones, B. (2007). Badminton
Tulio, D. (2008) Physical Education 3 for College. National Bookstore.
Tulio et al., (2005). PE 3 Individual and Dual Sports. Katha Publishing

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