LOGARITHMS (LOGS)

a = n + loga n = m

Laws of logarithms

i. loga n + loga m = loga mn

ii. loga n - loga m = l08a
ii. nloga m = loga m"

Additional Laws

i. loga a = 1 sinceal =a
ii. loge In Ine =1
ii. log a is log with base 10. log 10=1
iv. Log of a negative number does not exists.

Change the base rule

Changing from base b to base d

iog
og,(osal)
gb
Special case reciprocal.

logab:logb1 a

Example 5.

Prove the change the base rule

logeb
logab log a

a c
Let loga b =y

a = b

Now take logs on both sides

log a= loge b

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 ylog. a = loge b

loge b
logca

loge b
logab =-

loge a

Example 6.
Given that logs 2 =
a, logs e =
b. Express in terms of a and b
i) logs
loge 4

Example 7.
Simplify
a) log 2+ loge v8
b) 2log2(+log2()-2 log2()

Example 8.
Solve

a) log(3x +2)-2 logx =1- log(5x-3)

b) logy + log(2y- 1) = 1
c) 5logp 6-logp 96 = 4

Example 9.
2
Solvelog2 X+ =3
10B2*

Example 10.
log4 y + log2 y = 12

Example 11.

25logs* 16 log, 5

12
Example 12.
log2- log,(x- 4) = 2

Example 13.
Ify =log2 3 x
loga 4 Xx loga 5.. og3132.stmplify

Example 14.
Ifx+y2 =7xy
Prove log( +y)=log3+ logx +log

Example 15.
Solve
a) e2+ 4e-2* = 4
b) e2- e -6 =0

Example 16.
Solve simultaneously
ee = e5

In(2x+y) = In3 + ln4

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ure allh nit htle
Sooh.i

LOGS

a" = n + loga n = m

Laws of logarithms
ln Ar
. loga n + loga m = loga mn In A + l n &
ii. logan-loga m = loga
ii. nloga m= loga m" m n A

Additional Laws

i. loga a = 1 since a' = a

ii. loge = In Ine = 1
ii. loga is log with base 10. log10=1
iv. Log of a negative number does not exists.
Change the base rule a
lo4b- leoab
iogal)

Special case reciprocal.

1

logabogba
Example 5.

Prove the change the base rule

logeb
logablogea
a c
Let logab =y
a =b
Now take logs on both sides
loge a = loge b

yloge a = logeb

logb
ylog
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PLire Math Unit 1
S.h0khai Modtule

logb= logeb
loga

Example 6.
Given that logs 2 =
a, logs e =
b. Express in terms of a and b

i) logs
logs2- logs 5
a-1
i) loge 4
4
loge4
logs e
logs22
logs e
2 logs2
logse
b

Example 7.

Simplify
a) log v2 + loga v8
log4 V165
log4 4
=1
b) 2log(+oga()-2 loga(
2

loBHlog:()-log(
Hog,
log28
3

c)log1o + lo810(70)- log10 (2) +2 log10( 5)

log1035+ log1o(70) - log1o(2) + logio(5)*

log(0x
log10 100
2

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Pure hath tinit
S.Sookhai Moditl

Example 8.
Solve

a) log(3x +2) -2 logx = 1- log(5x- 3)

log(3r +2) - logx2 = log10 - log(5x-3)

3x +2 10
log- -= l085x-3
3x+2 10
5x-3
(3x+2)(5x-3)=10x2
15x2+x-6-10x2
5x +x6 0
X=1
Inadmissible

b) logy + log(2y - 1) = 1
logy + log(2y-1) = log 10
logy(2y-1) = log10
2y-y-100
y y-2
Inadn ssible

c)5log, 6-log, 96 =4
log, 6 - logp 96 = logp p*

65
lo8P 96 = logp p*

81-p
P-3

Example 9.
Solve
2
= 3
log2* log2*
Let y= log2 *

y+=3
+ 2 =3y
y - 3 y+ 2 = 0

Y=1 y2
log2 x = 1 log2 = 2
X=21 X-22
X-2 x=4

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Pure a t i Uit
i Module
S.S0okinai

Example 10.

log4y +log2 y = 12

lo82+ log?
log,22 loB2 y 12
12 =

1 al5
log2 y2 + log2 y =12
3
log2 y2 =12log2 2
3
log2 = log2 212
y = 212
y = (212)3i
y = 256

Example 11.

25logs = 16log 5
25 16log 5
log 5 1

Let y = logx 5

2516y
1
25-16y
25
y 16

log,5=
z =5

X-(5)
Example 12.
log2 -

log4(x- 4) =2

1Og4loga(x-4) = 2
2log4X-log,(x-4) =2
log4x- log,(x- 4) = 2

2
2
log-4
2
-416

x2 16x - 64

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Pure Math Unit Modt le
SSoolkhai

x2-16x + 64 = 0D
X=8

Example 13.

Ify=log23 x log3 4 x log, 5.. . . log31 32.simplifyy

log4 5.....loga1 32
y =log2 3 x loga 4 x
O824log25
y=log2 3 x log2 log232
3 og2 4 .*log231
ylog2 32
ylog2 25
y=5

Example 14.
Ifx2+y2 = 7xy
Prove
log* + )=log 31 logx+ logy

log(z +y)
logx+)*
log+y +2:)
Since x2+ y2 = 7xy

log(7xy + 2xy)

;log(9xy)
log 9+logx + logy)
log9i+logxtlogy
log 3 logx +; logy

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Pure Math unitlodule i
S.SO0khai

Example 15.
Solve
a) e2x+ 4e-2x = 4
4
e2x +2x e2 4

Ley y=e2x

y+-4
y+4 4y
y2 - 4y +4 0
Y=-2
e2 2
Ine2=In 2
2xn 2
Xn2
2

b)e2x e - 6 = 0
(e*)2 e - 6 = 0
Let y=e
y2-y-6 0
Y-3 y-2
e=3 inadmissible
x = In 3

Example 16.
Solve simultaneously

ee = e5
In(2x +y) = In3 + ln4

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