The importance of introducing Artificial Intelligence

tools in the Indigenous Communities' development

Johanna Trujillo-Diaz Victor Alonso Orellano-Calambas xxxxxxxxxx
Faculty of Economic, Administrative, and Informatics Engineering dept. name of organization (of
Accounting Sciences Fundación Universitaria Internacional de la Rioja
Affiliation)
Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia Bogotá, Colombia
Bogotá, Colombia [email protected] name of organization (of Affiliation)
[email protected] ORCID City, Country
ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6243-6393 email address or ORCID

those prevalent in surrounding societies [2].

Abstract— Context: Colombia is in a post-conflict phase.
Planes and policies have been implemented to sustain peace and Technological illiteracy in indigenous communities around
respect for human rights in vulnerable populations, especially in the world indicates the lack of dialogue between technological
in areas of Development Programs with a Territorial Approach
(for its acronyms in Spanish PDET). The municipality of Ataco, transhumanism and critical posthumanism, towards the
in the department of Tolima, Colombia has been one of the conceptualization of a historical future beyond the human [3].
regions most affected by the armed conflict, with an economy Here, there is a gap in the knowledge and application of digital
based on agriculture and a population of part of the Pijao platforms and AI tools in Indigenous communities [4] by
indigenous community. This community faces significant accessing state or international financing for investment
economic challenges and a high level of technological illiteracy, projects, business plans, or entrepreneurship oriented to
which hinders their ability to formulate and finance productive
projects and business plans. Objective: To develop a digital improve the territory economy, as a technique to overcome
platform that uses artificial intelligence (AI) to help the Pijao barriers and access to fundamental human rights promoted
Indigenous community (PIC) formulate productive projects and since the technological knowledge in vulnerable and
business plans, thus improving their economic and living minority populations located in rural or remote areas [5].
conditions. Methodology to build the platform: Frontend: Use of The problem described is widespread globally, some studies
the Next.js framework, supported by its popularity and extensive have shown it for vulnerable and minority communities
documentation, allowing easy integration of new developers and
improving the efficiency of the project. Backend: Use of Xata as located in Australia [6], the Arctic region of Russia [7], South
an ORM (Object Relational Model), taking advantage of its free Africa [8], India [9], and Canada [10] where the lag is due,
version for testing and initial development. AI Chatbot: among other factors, to the lack of technological literacy,
Integration of OpenAI's GPT-4 and Llama-3 through an API to infrastructure, and investment resources for economic
provide advice and guidance in formulating projects using development. However, worldwide exists a great Indigenous,
PROMTs that facilitate the structure and the analysis. For
governmental, and international interest in improving these
Architecture Assessment: The Trade-Off Analysis Method
(ATAM) was applied to evaluate the system architecture's quality indicators, especially in terms of Indigenous governance [6].
requirements and business objectives. As a result of the platform:
The Chatbot will provide detailed instructions and specific Indigenous communities (IC) in Colombia are recognized as
questions to guide users in the formulation of their projects a vulnerable [11] and almost invisible [12] population because
significantly reducing the time needed to formulate a project they are located in rural areas geographically isolated from
from 1 year to approximately 3-to 4 months, using a platform
large cities [11, 13]. The factors that affect these populations
with an interactive, efficient interface and receive step-by-step
advice, where all relevant information obtained by AI will be in Colombia are the lack of access to health, education [14],
stored and used to give feedback and generate final project internet connectivity [11, 13], employment, technology,
documents.. transportation, and facilities [13]; and investment resources or
ventures to improve their quality of life. IC have lived in
Keywords— artificial intelligence, business plan, chatbot, extreme poverty, inequality, and discrimination, due to the
digital platform, entrepreneurship, Indigenous, invest project,
Colombian armed conflict [11] Colombia, after the stage of
Pijaos, vulnerable communities.
armed conflict that lasted five decades of armed
I. INTRODUCTION confrontations, signed the peace agreement in 2016 which
The global "invisibility" of Indigenous and tribal peoples in included the demobilization, disarmament, and reintegration of
data, official statistics, and public policies has been a ex-combatants. Peace program includes development and
significant challenge to better understand the size and social reconstruction to ensure the recognition of some of the
magnitude of this population at the regional and global levels most important fundamental human rights such as education,
[1]. Indigenous communities maintain social, cultural, health, employment, and housing, that lead to the economic
economic, and political traits that differ significantly from development of the inhabitants and minority populations
located in areas of Development Programs with a Territorial appropriate information, and expert advice for formulation,
Approach (for its acronyms in Spanish PDET), in those planning, and execution of investment projects in the PDET
PDTE’s territories the government has been promoted the territory. Moreover, investment project formulation or
entrepreneurship and formulate and finance social investment business plans require the application of deep knowledge in
projects, and infrastructure, as mechanisms that lead to several fields of research (market, technical or operations,
economic development and generate opportunities for administrative, financial, social, and environmental), but most
Indigenous, rural, and racial communities towards the of the PIC population hold only elementary and secondary
maintenance of peace in these PDET territories. studies. For which the use of AI tools can increase the
probability of formulating business plans or profiling
Always, the Colombian political constitution has been productive projects to accelerate and improve the indigenous
promoted respect for the fundamental rights of all citizens. economy without losing culture. To reach that goal, this
But, in this peace stage or the Colombian armed post-conflict research proposes the development of a platform for the PIC
stage, the policies in this country are to hard work for rooted in Ataco (Tolima, Colombia) which allows users to
vulnerable, minorities, rural, Indigenous, or racial have access to the AI as a Chatbot developed with ChatGPT4
communities especially all of those located in post-conflict or Llama-3 APIs specifically programmed using PROMTs.
territories. Also, in this stage among the more promoted
rights by the government to sustain peace are the employment Therefore, the research question in this study is: What are
right in dignified and fair conditions (Articles 25 and 53), the features most important to the development of a digital
education free for elementary and secondary levels as a social platform development using artificial intelligence tools with
function (Articles 67 and 69), health accessibility to NLP (Natural Learning Processing) algorithms to help the
promotion, protection and recovery services (Articles 49), to PIC located in Ataco (Tolima, Colombia), in the business
decent housing (Art. 51) with quality conditions and the plans design, productive and investment projects formulation,
essential and public services (Art. 365) [15]. or ventures financial to obtain funding resources which allow
the economic development of this PDET territory?
II. PROBLEM STATEMENT
Colombia is currently experiencing the peace or post- III. LITERATURE REVIEW
conflict stage, where the government has established plans and The literature review was collected on Scopus and Web of
policies for peace maintenance and human rights respect for Science, using the following search equation: ("artificial
vulnerable populations located in PDET territories. To this intelligence" OR platform OR chatbot OR app) AND
end, it promotes the inclusion of technology in their economic (indigenous) AND ("business plan" OR projects OR
development. entrepreneurship OR "Project design"). There were 14 articles
The department of Tolima in Colombia has been one of the related to digital platforms using AI and 4 applying advanced
most affected by the violence of the armed conflict. Therefore, models in Big Data mixed with AI in IC. Moreover, it was
the Colombian municipality Ataco (Tolima, Colombia) will be identified that AI supports the decision-making for vulnerable
taken as PDET territory a case study, which is a rural and communities through extraction and transfer of knowledge,
mountainous area, favored by the climate which leads to its reading images or documents provided by citizens or
economy being based on agriculture, with characteristic crops scientists, which IC can bring closer early solutions in human
in coffee and corn. It is known for its natural beauty and rights such as education, health [19][8] employment and its
cultural richness. The Ataco’s population is 13,470 people tool the entrepreneurship [4], environmental, ecology and
[16], which includes Pijao Indigenous communities (PIC), and agriculture, and ecology among other fields, as described
mestizos which by Latin American specialists are referred to below:
the people with mixed ancestry by European and indigenous
A. Education
heritage [17].
PIC are 412 family nuclei with 2,533 people, PIC was Several developments in digital platforms using AI were
affected by the armed conflict for many years, generating low found, among others, those supported the IC education
economic incomes, unemployment, technological illiteracy, extracting and transferring the Indigenous knowledge [3] and
lacking internet accessibility, technological tools, and its minority languages [9] for instance ELLORA from
economic development. In that way, they have been working Microsoft Research Lab is a literacy platform that through AI
on territorial initiatives for the government seeking the algorithms based in machine learning it translates and
recovery of their ancestral lands, the culture revitalization, digitalized in Maithili (its minority language) websites,
(customs, traditions, and language), claiming employment and reports, children's books and news about Mundari which is a
incomes formulating productive projects for public or private Nilotic ethnic group from South Sudan, [9]
entities, making great efforts to build a sustainable and B. Health
peaceful future for future generations [18]. However, PIC Concerning IC health rights, historically ancestral medicine
faces difficulties in accessing resources, seeking specific and
is more popular than traditional medicine, for which for regenerative tourism in Aotearoa New Zealand [34], the
technological platforms with AI have been transferring that Maori's journey to Antarctica [35]
knowledge between generations [10]. PolyAnalyst Unstructured Text Extraction on Social Media
On the one hand, during the pandemic, Sakitawak Health [7]games [36], the astronomical data identification, and the
forecasted the COVID-19 infection and contagion in IC [20], transcription of historical documents. [19], electric vehicle
and their report of food and public services availability and charging [37], and LaMDa created by Google discusses ethical
accessibility [5]. On the other hand, in mental health, Standup use [3]
for Health monitors measured the stress and anxiety facing
financial problems [10]. IV. METHODOLOGY
In this research, for the development of the platform
C. Employment and entrepreneurship architecture, a utility tree was used in the planning phase,
Entrepreneurship is a tool or mechanism to improve the where the quality attributes in the NC/ISO 9126-1 standard
employment indexes in IC and Indigenous governance [6]. were identified (see Table. 1). For its evaluation, the
To increase employability the government has been promoting compensation analysis method Architecture Tradeoff Analysis
a strategy using data analytics, AI, big data algorithms [7], and Method (ATAM) was applied (see Fig. 1), which is a scenario-
Digital platforms developed for empowerment, ventures, based method that evaluates a system's architecture against
business plans, or productive projects financing [4][8] and the their quality attribute requirements and business objectives. It
associativity [5] for IC [21] or young people [22]. In the consists of the evaluation and analysis phases [38, 39]. The
literature review applications in that way were found in urban- platform is based on a hexagonal architecture that not only
rural IC empowerments in Mapuche (Chile) [23], Ubuntu that ensures easy scalability in the future but also provides
introduced the Indigenous values maintaining the immediate advantages, such as being able to quickly switch
empowerment [24], Indigenous Innovation in the Blue between AI models in a few seconds or add new ones without
Economy [25], or using platforms and campaigns for making changes that affect the rest of the application's
crowdfunding to raise IC funds such as Kicktraq, IndieGogo, functionality.
Webrobots, Kickstarter, Chuffed, and StarSomeGood [8].
To develop a digital platform that uses artificial intelligence (AI) to help the Pijao Indigenous
D. Environmental, ecology, and agriculture Busine
ss
community (PIC) formulate productive projects and business plans, thus improving their economic
and living conditions.
driver
Platforms using AI have been used in geography, s

environmental and ecological care, native species [19], To include information from 9 indigenous communities: Ico Valle de Anape, Kalapica Ambulú,
Mesa de Pole, Brisas de Ata, Ancestral Pijao Buenavista, Pijao de Beltrán, Cacique Agua Dulce,
ecosystem extinctions [6], biological invasions [19], weed Web
design
Resguardo Santa Rita la Mina y Casa de Zinc
To include information general of 10 prioritized productive entrepreneurship projects: Poultry
management in the Nardab floodplain in Australia's North site
and its
farming, Cereal, Fruit trees, Livestock, Pastures, Fish farming, Pig farming, Services, Traditional
tropical crops, Tubers
conten
Kakadu National Park [26], eggs and larvae identification in t
User
the Beni River, Upper Amazon [27], collaborative monitoring interfa The application must be able to be viewed correctly from mobile devices
Registers and user access to the Project Formulation system
ce (UI)
of intertidal invertebrates in the Karajarri IPA, Northeast Develo The User Interface (UI) interacts with the User Management System and the Project Formulation
System to allow users to register and access the formulation of their projects, manage their accounts.
pment
Australia [28]. Some platforms found were: Living Systems -
Chatbo
Wellbeing Compass used AI for the projection of ecological t visual
design Register new users with user or administrator roles, edit, delete and manage their accounts, log in
and climate crises and the visualization of the well-being User
Mana
User authentication and authorization.
The User Management System communicates with the Database to store and retrieve user
compass of living systems [29] iNaturalist for the detection gemen
t
information and project formulation

and monitoring of invasive species in different ecosystems Syste

m:

using the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) Creation, updating, monitoring and level of progress of project formulation.
Recording and documentation of observations and key metrics of the project formulation process.
database, [19]; Project Noah to analyze photographs of wild Projec
t
Use the Database to store and retrieve information about the formulation of the project, members and
cases of success or failure.
plants and animals [19], and KABADA, for forest Formu
lation
It has graphic indicators to visualize the progress in each module, which depends on the design of
the PROMTs.
Syste
management based on theoretical and statistical models [8]; m:

Healthy country is a platform used for monitoring the Include improvements proposed by users, experts and the administrator. It has user's help messages
The chatbot must generate a document with the project formulation.
adaptation of geese and planning their habitats using drones The project result formulation by the Chatbot must be validated.
The Chatbot includes AI response and efficiency indicators and
Tests
and AI [6]. REDD projects seek knowledge transfer for
monitoring deforestation in the Congo Basin [30].
E. Other Platform Applications in AI Fig. 1 ATAM methodology to design the platform and
Applications in AI were found in the genetic selection of functional requirements
Hanwoo (Korean) cattle, for long-term breeding [31]. The quality attributes according to the NC/ISO 9126-1
TraSeable Solutions, Viant-WWF, which is a platform that standard are presented in Table 1.
uses blockchain to validate tuna supply chain traceability in Table 1 Nonfunctional requirements or quality Attributes
Pacific Fiji [32], ConsenSys, also included land registration according to NC/ISO 9126-1
[32]. Other applications found in war logistics [33], VUCA, Attributes
 Functionality: The www.pijaosatacotolima.com.co platform can it also allows us to handle the back end. Server components
formulate projects or business plans under requirements specified by enable to rendering part of the web on the server, reducing the
public or private calls. resource consumption of the user's device and displaying
Reliability: The platform generates business plans or investment projects
at 60%, considering the general criteria for formulating calls.
information on the page from the very first second. Only what
Usability: The chatbot allows user interaction with the platform with is necessary is executed and rendered on the client side, thus
60% effectiveness and efficiency. It should work as a chat expert avoiding consuming the user's device resources. If something
focused on helping the user to formulate projects or business plans, at the needs to be re-rendered, Next.js allows to use of Incremental
end of the conversation the chatbot must send the resultant document to
the user. The user can have multiple conversations with the Chatbot with Static Regeneration (ISR), which means that like Server-Side
different projects. Rendering (SSR), the page is generated on the server.
Efficiency: The platform can formulate investment projects or business However, unlike SSR, ISR allows to send a signal from the
plans, minimizing the average time from 1 year to 3 or 4 months.
Maintainability: The platform has the possibility of feedback through
application to refresh the information and generate a new
the experience of the users, and the validation of the projects or business HTML (see Fig. 2)
plans generated.
Portability: The platform is available for web and app use. B. Back end
The backend is working with an ORM called Xata because,
The platform structure has several components which are in a free version, it runs tests easier without incurring costs
shown in Fig. 2., and explained as follows: yet.
C. Database model
All relevant information obtained by the AI will be stored in
the database and used to resume conversations and generate
final project documents.
In the PPEDPATC are mainly three entities involved: the
user, the projects, and the Chatbot (see Fig. 3). With this
information, we can define the attributes and how these three
entities are related.

Vercel is a secure hosting platform for web services or applications on the cloud where
a) development code is storaged, on NEXT14 is hosted
Frontend

(ORM, conexion with the data base)

b) Xata.io has a monthly subscription to the secure office storage plan, user data registration,
Back generated projects, photos, images, videos.
end Fig. 3 Chatbot Data Model
in free version, which is a service designed to protect web pages from denial of service
Clou (DDoS) attacks and automated requests Flexible and scalable
dflar D. Chatboot
e
The AI-powered chatbot provides PIC users advice and
SQL allows the storage of unstructured or semi-structured data: Store and manage
information related to projects and users; cases of success or failure.
guidance for formulating their productive projects (see Fig. 4).
Data
base Each user can have one or several projects, and these in turn
are formed by a conversation using PROMTs that can be
Chat
Integrate two technologies in Artificial Intelligence: ChatGPT and LLAMA-3 interpreted as the exchange of one or several messages. For
bot this project, the goal is to provide a quick solution while also
having a small team.
Fig. 2 Platform structure

A. Front end
The Next.js framework since React is currently one of the
most popular libraries, which means it is easier to find
documentation and integrate new developers into the project.
Additionally, companies like Facebook and Vercel backing
React and Next.js have constant maintenance and
improvements. Take advantage of a couple of the latest
features added, such as server actions and server components. Fig. 4 Chatbot development use cases
Server actions allow us to easily integrate an Object Relational
Model (ORM), meaning that besides working on the front end, Access to this technology will significantly reduce the time
needed to obtain information and expert advice, potentially living conditions of population rooted in the PDET territory.
decreasing the total project development time from 1 year to 3 PPEDPATC’s could significantly reduce the project’s
or 4 months. The website integrates an intuitive and accessible formulation-time, which is estimated in 1 year, until to
interface so that users can interact and receive step-by-step approximately 3-4 months, through of the chatbot developed
guidance in project formulation and business plan formulation. which is easy-to-use as an user interface that provides detailed
The chatbot is personalized to provide detailed instructions instructions and specific questions to guide users in
and targeted questions, facilitating the structuring, research, formulating their productive projects.
and analysis required during the preparation of the document. The platform an interface, allowing users to interact
ChatGPT4 (Generative Pretrained Transformer) and LLaMA- efficiently and receive advice in the formulation of their
3 (Large Language Model Meta AI) are tools working with projects or business plans step by step.
Natural Language Processing (NLP) algorithms. The
architecture proposed in this research considers that users ACKNOWLEDGMENT
interact with a Chatbot (see Fig. 5) developed using whatever The study was funded by the Ministry of Science,
APIs; The Chatbot generates responses in the context of the Technology and Innovation, Call 935-2023 "Call for the
formulation of projects or business plans. Orchid Program, Women in Science: Agents for Peace",
Contract 112721-283-2023, Project Form # 101414. Title:
"Development of a digital platform for peacebuilding and
promoting the internationalization of the economy of Pijao
indigenous women".

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