Introduction

Background of the study

Chrysanthemum is a botanically identified as chrysanthemum morifolium by bailey (1949). The

chrysanthemum sometimes called mums or chrysanths, are following plants of the genus

chrysanthemum in the family Asteraceae they are native to the east Asia and northern Europe most

species originate from east Asia and the center of diversity is in China. Liu, P.L, al (2012).

The genus Chrysanthemum was first formally described by Linnaeus in 1753, with 14 species,

and hence bears his name (L.) as the botanical authority. Linnaeus (1753) The genus once included more

species, but was split several decades ago[when?] into several genera, putting the economically

important florist's chrysanthemums in the genus Dendranthema. The naming of these genera has been

contentious, but a ruling of the International Botanical Congress in 1999 changed the defining species of

the genus to Chrysanthemum indicum, restoring the florist's chrysanthemums to the genus

Chrysanthemum.

The genus Chrysanthemum are perennial herbaceous flowering plants, sometimes subshrubs.

The leaves are alternate, divided into leaflets and may be pinnatisect, lobed, or serrate (toothed) but

rarely entire; they are connected to stalks with hairy bases. Oberprieler et al (2007)
Importance of the study

Chrysanthemum is one of the leading cut flowers in the country used in flower arrangement

interior decoration, and as well as potted plants, Benguet province is still the largest producer of

chrysanthemum in the Philippines. (Country STATPhilippines,2017) One of the greatest attraction of

mums is their versatility chrysanthemum can be grown for cut flowers or planted n pots and make a

fascinating hobby for the exhibiting and competing at garden shows it also offers incredible beauty of

shape and color

Fertilizers are any solid, liquid or gaseous substances containing one or more plant nutrients in

known amount, that is applied to the soil, directly to the plant (foliage) or added to aqueous solutions as

in fertilization to maintain soil fertility, improve crops development, yield and/or crop quality. (IFA

InternationalFertilizers,2013)

Modern foliar fertilizer are concentrated solutions using very high-grade technical elements in

which the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are combined to the desired ratio in a controlled

environment. (Echochem, 2014)

Latundan bananas, are triploid hybrid banana cultivars from the Philippines. It is one of the most

common banana cultivars in Southeast Asia and the Philippines, along with the lacatan and Saba

bananas. (Haute,D.M., 2002) Latundan or Musa sapientum peels were analyzed for minerals, nutritional

and anti-nutritional contents. (Anhwage, 2008) Banana peels are 3.25% phosphorus help rooting and

speeds up flower and fruiting. 42% of potassium, promotes the movement of water and cells. It contains

nitrogen, calcium, manganese, sodium magnesium and sulfur. (Reed, 2016)

 Objectives of the study

1. Determine the effect of different method of fertilizer on the growth and yield of

chrysanthemum

2. Determine the effect of different rate application on the growth and yield of

chrysanthemum. And 3.to determine the best method and application rate applied on the

growth and yield of chrysanthemum

Place and time study

The study will be conducted at Bahong, la Trinidad Benguet Under la, Trinidad condition from

December 2023 to April 2024

 Review of literature

Foliar fertilizer

Foliar fertilizer application constitutes the most effective placement when problem on soil

nutrient fixation exists. It gives direct effect to the crop because of its immediate utilization besides the

occurrence of nutrient deficiencies which may impair the growth and development of the plant can be

corrected immediately through foliar spray. (Guanzon 1982)

It was found that different kinds of rate of foliar fertilizer had a significant effect on the N, P and

K contents of soil after harvest, and gives significant effect on the final height. This coincides with the

findings of Foth (1952) that the most efficient method of fertilizer application is direct application to the

foliage this prevents problem fixation, leaching, and denitrification which are encountered in the soil

application.

Banana peel and Pseudo stem (BPPS)

Apart from direct use of sap as liquid fertilizer, an enrichment process was developed (patented)

for preparing Novel Organic Liquid Fertilizer (NOLF) suitable for foliar and soil application by Navsari

Agricultural University, Navsari. It was tested in mango, banana, wheat and paddy crops. The NOLF has

been prepared using only organic inputs and hence suitable for use in organic farming systems liquid

formulation. Organic liquid fertilizer is good source of plant nutrient along with growth promoting

substances like cytokinin, GA3, etc. (Anon., 2014).

Organic fertilizer (BPPS)

Banana peel compost offers the following benefits. These benefits are important organic

fertilizer for soil fertility, plant feeding, environmental protection, increasing soil fertility and increasing

the growth of microorganisms that accelerate the growth of plants and roots. In addition, the

conversion of banana peel into compost contributes significantly to the environment. This is because

banana peel attracts a variety of pathogens. These pathogens can cause various diseases in humans

(Alam and Ahmade, 2013). Therefore, the study of the use of various types of solid waste, especially

banana peel, as compost for agricultural purposes, was very important for the environment and human

health. It will also provide guidance for future research and extension programs that will benefit the

local community. Heliyon. (2022 Aug)

Banana does to plant

Banana peel fertilizer is an organic fertilizer that can provide nutrients to your garden plants or

houseplants. A banana peel fertilizer contains many nutrients that contribute to healthy and happy

plants, including: Calcium: This element supports plant growth by helping to break down nutrients in the

soil and distributing them throughout the plant’s system. Magnesium: One of the main contributors to

plant photosynthesis, magnesium assists plants with photosynthesis—the process by which plants

harness energy from the sun. Phosphorus: This element contributes to healthier plants with strong

stems and roots, and it aids the growth of flower blossoms and pollen. Potassium: A vital nutrient for

plants, potassium helps plants regulate enzymes and distribute nutrients through their systems. It also

encourages new growth and stronger stems. Potassium-loving plants, like tomato plants, can benefit
throughout the growing season from a good potassium fertilizer, such as one from banana peels.

Written by Masterclass (Dec 16, 2021)

Materials and methods

Materials

The materials will be used in this study are the rooted chrysanthemum cuttings, banana peel

and Pseudo stem, knife, power sprayer or nap sack, meter, nylon wire, bulb lights and electrical wire and

tape, labeling materials and ruler.

Experimental design and treatment data; The experiential will be laid out in randomized

complete block design (RCBD) with three replication per treatment, the different method of fertilizer

application as will be Factor A, for factor B have 2 categories which will be the application rate of foliar

(spray method) ml/li, and on the other hand will be the application rate through soil (compost method)

kg/hectare applied in growth and yield of chrysanthemum. The treatment will be as follows.

Factor A Method application

M1 foliar (spray method)

M2 through soil (compost banana)

M3 combine method (foliar +compost)

 Factor B

Application rate of Banana foliar(ml/li) Application rate of Banana compost (kg. /hectare)

F1 control C1 control

F2 50ml/li C2 50kg/hectare

F3 100ml/li C3 100klg/hectare

F4 150ml/li C4 150klg/hectare

F5 200ml/li C5 200klg/hectare
Data to be gathered

1. Weekly height increment(cm). The height increment will be measured weekly until the

start of flower bud formation. (0.5cm in size)

2. #of days from planting to flower bud formation (0.5cm). The #of days will be from

transplanting to the appearance of flower buds will be counted

3. #of days from transplanting to 25% anthesis.

4. #of days from transplanting to 50% anthesis.

5. Average # of days from transplanting to harvesting. the number of days from transplanting

to 75% anthesis which the maturity stage will be counted

6. #of lateral flower plant. The number of lateral flower plant will be counter

7. Marketable yield per plot (in dozen). The marketable yield per plot will be counted and

classified as follows

Classification stem length (cm)

Class AA 70

Class A 60-69

Class A 50-59

Class A 40-49

Class B 30-39
8. Total yield (in dozen). This will be done by counting marketable yield in all treatments

9. Vase life. This will be obtained by recording the days from holding cut flower in a vase up to

the point at which a plant's leaves or flowers begin to wilt and fall off.

10. ROCE. This will be obtained by recording all the expenses used in study and calculated as

follows;

ROCE% Gross income – Expenses X 100

Total expenses

11. Soil analysis. Soil sample will be taken from the experimental and will be subjected to soil

analysis

12. Insect pest and disease incidence. Observation will be recorded for the presence of pest and

disease during cropping period

A. Incidence of insect infectant. Insect in crop plat will be recorded during cropping period

using the following scale;

SCALE

1 0% (no infectant)

2 Slight infectant (1-25%)

3 Moderate 26-50%
 4 Slightly severe (51-75%)

5 Severe infectant (76-100%)

B. Incidence of plant disease infectant. Observation in plant chrysanthemum will be

recorded using the following scale;

Scale

1.

2. No infection

3. Slight infection 1-25%

4. Moderate infection 25-50%

5. Slight severe infection 51-75%

6. Severe infection 76-100%

13. Other observation. Relevant observation will be recorded and characterized during cropping

period until harvesting.

 APPENDICES

Appendix 1. Plans of activities

ACTIVITY START FINISH

Land preparation august2024 august 2024

Lay outing august2024 august 2024

Planting august2024 august 2024

Care and Management august 2024 October 2024

Data gathering august 2024 november2024

Harvesting October 2024 October 2024

Writing of manuscript November 2024 November 2024

Defense of manuscript december2024 December 2024

Appendix 2. Experimental field lay out

M1 M2 M3

F1 C1 F1C1

F2 C2 F2C2

F3 C3 F3C3

F4 C4 F4C4

F5 C5 F5C5
Appendix 3. Sample Sheet for Data Gathering

TREATMENT REP.1 REP.2 REP.3 MEAN TOTAL

F1

F2

F3

F4

F5

C1

C2

C3

C4

C5

F1C1

F2C2

F3C3

F4C4

F5C5

TOTAL
Appendix 4. Analysis of Variance

SOURCE OF DEGREE SUM OF F COMPUTED TABULATED

VARIATION OF SQUARE VALUE F F
FREEDOM 5% 1%
REPLICATION

VARIETY

ERROR

TOTAL
 EVALUATION OF EIGHT TISSUE CULTURED STEM CUTTING OF
POTATO (Solanum tuberosum L.) VARIETIES UNDER
TUBLAY, BENGUET CONDITION

KIJU A. CARBONEL

A THESIS OUTLINE SUBMITTED TO THE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE

BENGUET STATE UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT
OF THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE DEGREE

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURE

(HORTICULTURE)
MARCH 2024