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Part 2 - Tools of Research

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24 views14 pages

Part 2 - Tools of Research

Uploaded by

mesogaianjay
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Methods of Research

ECEA109

“Tools of Research”
Tools of Research
General Tools of Research
Array of means by which data can be collected and made
meaningful
 Library and its resources
 Computers and software
 Techniques of measurement
 Statistics
 Human mind
 Language
Library and its resources
• Library catalogs
• Indexes and Abstracts
• Reference Librarian
Computers and software
A computer is not a miracle worker. It cannot do thinking for you. It can,
however, be a fast and faithful assistant. When told exactly what to do, it is
one of a researcher’s best friends.
Take advantage of the Internet
• World wide web (W3)
• Email
• Newsgroups
Measurement as a Research Tool
Measurement is limiting the data of any phenomenon –
substantial or insubstantial – so that those data may be
interpreted and, ultimately, compared to an
acceptable qualitative or quantitative standard.
Four scales of measurement
Measurement Characteristics Statistical Possibilities
scale
Non-interval Nominal - Measures in terms of - Enables one to determine
scales names or designations of the mode, percentage
discrete units or categories values or chi-square

Ordinal - Measures in terms of - Enables one to determine


values as “more” or “less” the median, percentile
w/o specifying the size of rank, and rank correlation
intervals
Four scales of measurement (cont…)

Interval Interval - Measures in terms of - Enables one to determine


scales equal intervals or the mean, std. deviation,
degrees of difference and product moment
but whose zero point is correlation; allows one to
arbitrary conduct most inferential
statistics
Ratio - Measures in terms of - Enables one to determine
equal intervals and an the geometric mean, and
absolute zero point of percentage variation; allows
origin virtually any inferential
statistics
Statistics as a Research Tool
Statistics gives us information about the data, but a
conscientious researcher is not satisfied until the
meaning of this information is revealed.
Primary Functions of Statistics

Descriptive statistics – summarizes the general nature of the data


obtained

Inferential statistics - helps the researcher make decisions about the


data
Human Mind Research Tools
After using statistics, human mind interprets the data to arrive at a
logical conclusion
• Deductive logic
• Inductive reasoning
• Scientific method
• Critical thinking
• Collaboration with others
Language as a Research Tool
Learning the specialized terminology of your field is indispensable
to conducting a research study, grounding it in prior theory and
research and communicating your results to others.
Language as a Research Tool
1. Write exactly what you mean
2. Relate your discussion to your research problem
3. Give an overview of the topics to be discussed
4. Organize ideas with the use of headings and subheadings
5. Provide transitional words
6. Give examples to illustrate an abstract idea
7. Use the correct punctuation
8. Present information in figure or table form as much as possible
9. Revise your work several times over

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