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ICT Assignment

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44 views9 pages

ICT Assignment

Uploaded by

princeumair465
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Assignment

Submitted By :
Umair Fayyaz
Submitted To :
Mr. Muhammad Shabbir
Subject :
Applications of Information and Communication
Technologies (ICT)
Topic :
History of Computer
Department :
Islamic studies(M)
Roll Number :
S24BHADH1M04001

💫The Islamia University of Bahwalpur 💫

History of Computer
“Introduction”
Computer was invented because "necessity is the mother of invention" Man
always searched for a fast
calculating device
It took a long time to invent the digital computer. A brief
history behind the invention of
computer is as follows.
Abacus
Abacus was first computing device
It was developed 5000 years ago by Chinese. It was used to perform simple
addition and subtraction. Abacus was a wooden rack with horizontal wires
containing beads. The beads could move easily. All simple arithmetic
calculations were performed by moving the beds
Napier's Bone
John Napier was a Scottish scientist. He invented a device in 1614 known as
Napier's bones. The device used rods to perform arithmetic calculations. He also
created logarithm tables for making calculations easily

Slide Rule
An English mathematician William Oughtred developed a device known as
Slide Rule in 1622. It was based on the idea of logarithm. It was very useful in
solving the problems related to multiplications and divisions. The device
consisted of three parts called slide, rule and sliding cursor
Pascaline
Blaise Pascal was a French mathematician. He invented a calculating
machine in 1642. The machine was known as Pascaline. The machine had metal
wheels with the digit 0 to 9. The calculation was done by rotating the wheels. It
could only add and subtract the whole numbers
Pascaline is also known as Arithmetic Machine.

Leibniz Calculator
Von Leibniz was a German scientist. He invented a calculating machine in
1694. It was the first calculator that could add, subtract, multiply and divide. It
was more reliable and accurate than Pascal's calculator
Jacquard's Loom
Jacquard Marie from France invented a machine Jacquards' in 1801. The
machine could read punched cards to design a pattern automatically. It was used
in textile manufacturing. The invention of this machine helped in making
programmable machine like computer

Babbage's Differential and Analytical Engines


Charles Babbage was an English mathematician. He designed an automatic
mechanical calculating machine in 1822. Known as difference Engine. The
machine worked by steam power and was fully automatic. The machine could
calculate the table of numbers
Charles Babbage also designed an automatic machine in 1834 known as
Analytical Engine. It worked on the same principle that is used in modern
computer. It was more intelligent machine and was fully controlled by computer
program. He could not complete it as the technology was not advanced.
However, he laid the foundation for modern digital computers. That is why he is
known as the father of computer

Hollerith Desk
An American statistician Herman Hollerith developed a tabulating machine
in 1890 known as Hollerith Desk. It was used in American census. It had a card
reader that could count and display the result

The Mark I Computer


Howard Aiken of Harvard University developed a computer know as Mark-I.
It was made in 1944 with the help of IBM. It was the first automatic electro
mechanical computer. It could multiply ten digits in five seconds. Mark-I was
very reliable but huge in size
The ENIAC
ENIAC stand for Electrical Numerical Integrator and Calculator. It was the
first general purpose electronic computer. It was designed by John William
Mauchly and John Eckert in 1946. It was very heavy and large in size. It
consumed a large amount of power. It could perform 5000 additions per second.
It used decimal number system

The EDVAC
EDVAC stands for Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic computer. It was an
electronic computer designed by John Mauchly and John Eckert. It used binary
system for calculations instead of decimal system

UNIVAC
UNIVAC was released in 1951. It was initially built for the U.S. Census
Bureau. It was used to analyze votes in 1952 U.S. election. It predicted the result
of the election correctly only in 45 minutes after the polls. UNIVAC become the
first computer that was commercially produced for general use

IBM 650
IBM 650 was an early computer developed by IBM in 1955. It was designed to
use magnetic drums. It could read data from punched cards and magnetic tapes.
It could perform the calculations in milliseconds. The IBM model 650 was one
of the first widely used computers. It was so successful that IBM manufactured
more than 1000 computers of this model. The IBM was able to dominate the
mainframe market
for the next decade
Apple Computer
Apple-I was developed by Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs in 1977. It was the
first computer by Apple Company. It was small and user friendly computer. The
common people could use it easily. Apple-II was the first computer that used a
color display. It was very popular computer of its time

IBM PC
IBM Personal Computer was introduced by IBM in 1981. It was a small and
fast computer. it could be attached to an audio cassette player and TV set at
home. It used an audio cassette to load and save data. It was based on Intel 8088
microprocessor and used MS DOS Operating System. It quickly became the
standard for business personal computers

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