QUESTION CORRECT ANSWER

Radio Navigation
The frequency that
corresponds to a
wavelength
A frequencyofof67cm GHzis: 5000 MHz
corresponds to a
wavelength to
corresponds of:a 43 mm
frequency of 3000 MHz
theoreticalis:range of a 10 cm
DME at 460 ft amsl
interrogated by an
aircraft at FL 260 is: 228 nm
A frequency of 295 KHz
would be described
corresponding to aas: LF
wavelength of 3.5 cm
is: polarised
A horizontally 8.57 GHz
signal would be best
received by an aerial
which is:
transmitted from an horizontal
aircraft at FL 230. It will
first be received by an
aircraft at FL 50 when
Aaircraft are: a
signal with 278 nm apart
wavelength of 7360 m
lies in the:
(surface and LF band
frequency) would give
the greatest surface
wave range?
corresponds to a sea; 500 KHz
wavelength of 12 cm
is:
reconnaissance a/c 2500 MHz
receives MAYDAY from
surface vessel at a
range of 110 nm. The
altitude of aircraft is: 7750 ft
 The duration of the pulse
Pulse width can be generally measured in
Whichdefined as:
of the following microseconds
is not relevant to Reflected signal varies
secondary radar? according to the size of target
The PRF of a radar is
1500, what is theofPRI:
For a frequency 50 666.66 microseconds
KHz what is the time
taken to complete one
cycle? Class A
A VDF bearing 20 µs
should be accurate to
within: ± 2°
A frequency of 305 KHz
would
The ratebeofdescribed
refractionas:
of MF
a radio wave which
occurs within the Decreases as frequency of the
ionosphere:
of a radio wave which Increasesradio wave
as theincreases
frequency of
occurs when the wave the wave increases, and is
travels close to the greater over the land than the
Earth's
range surface:
at w/c a VHF sea
signal will be received
by a/c flying at FL 200,
if transmitter is sited at
860 ft amsl, to
corresponds is: a 213 nm
wavelength of 12 mm
ICAO recommendsis: that 25 GHz
all NDBs normally
employ: range
The promulgated NON/A2A
for an NDB is
applicable: Day only object,
from a reflecting
whereas secondary radar
Which of the following uses the response from a
statements is true? transponder
 As a radio signal
increases in frequency,
ionospheric refraction
___ (i) and atmospheric
attenuation
likely to occur___by(ii):
day (i) decreases; (ii) increases
or night in which of the
following frequency
bands?
from loop & sense LF
antenna are combined
in an ADF receiver,
resultant polar diagram
Theisperiod
called:for a a cardioid
frequency of 100 KHz
VDF bearing,is: the true 10 µsecs
bearing of the aircraft
from the ground station
is a:stations
broadcast station inQTE
same area,
should not be used for operating on same frequency,
obtaining loop bearings w/c may cause synchronous
thebecause:
reply signal Tx error
transmitted by the
ground station is (i),
this difference ensures
that the aircraft
receiver does not lock- (i) 63 MHz; (ii) ground
on to (ii): reflected signals
Which of the following
is not a major factor in
sky wave propagation? Terrain
When can an ILS back when flying in the area
beamreference
With be received?
to a behind the localiser aerial
VOR, the cone of
confusion is the: Area directly overhead a VOR
 If the __ (i) of a radio
wave is ______ (ii) then
the skip distance will
______ (iii) and the dead frequency; increased;
space
headingwillof______
270° (iv):
(M) increase; increase
has 093 set on OBS &
TO indicated on VOR
L/R deviation indicator.
Needle shows 2 dots fly
left. A/c
Coastal is on: on
refraction 269° radial
an ADF bearing will be
Whichincreased if the:
of the following beacon is further inland
factors could cause an
error to an ADF
Thebearing?
principle night effect
advantage of Doppler site errors are considerably
VOR is that: reduced
Quadrantal error will be on relative bearings of 045°,
A VDF a maximum:
bearing class C 135°, 225° and 315°
should be accurate to
When the within:
identification ± 10°
code TST is received
from a navigational aid,
Thethis
basicindicates:
principle of that the
phase beacon is
comparison on test a
between
operation of the VOR is 30 Hz reference signal and a
bearing by:of 263°(M) 30 Hz variable signal
from a VOR station. If
the OBI is set to 091,
the deviation indicator
will show: TO and fly left 4 dots
receiver DME uses:
does not lock secondary radar
on to signals that are
reflected from the reflections will not be at
Theground
accuracy because:
of DME at correct frequency for receiver
100 nm slant range is
within: 1.5 nm
 How many aircraft can
a DME respond to
simultaneously?
selected, the morse 100
identifier codes PSV.
The DME morse
identifier codes PSZ. two transmitter aerials do not
This means
glidepath that the: meet the co-location criteria
approximate
angles of lower &
upper useable vertical Lower Useable: 1.35°; Upper
coverage & first false Usable: 5.25°; First False
glidepathcoverage,
ILS glidepath are: Glidepath 6°
in extends to a range 8° either side of the centre
of 10 nm and: line
Category I ILS provides 250 ft above the horizontal
accurate
time guidance
interval betweento: plane containing threshold
aircraft transmission &
the reply pulse is 200
µsecs. The slant range
bearing ofis:090° (M) 12.5 nm
from a VOR. The
bearing you should
select on the omni-
bearing selector in
order to centralise the
deviation needle with
TO nm
4.2 showing is:
from ILS 270°
touchdown point. If
approach speed is 130
kt, height of a/c at
outer marker should
Fading be:
of an ADF 1300 ft
signal, together with a
hunting needle, is an
indication of: night effect
 navigational
information the
approximate coverage 1.35° to 5.25° from horizontal
ofDME
a 3°isglideslope
a ______ (i) is: & 8° either side of localizer
radar operating in the
______ (ii) band and (i) secondary; (ii) UHF; (iii)
transmits
during the ______
search(iii): pulse pairs
the airborne transmitter
pattern before "lock- transmits 150 pulse pairs per
flying on":
at FL 390 second
indicates 15 nm.
Approximate horizontal
distance of aircraft
from DME station
frequencies in the is: 13.5 nm
______ (i) band and the
glideslope uses
frequencies in the
______
of the(ii) band:
cone of (i) VHF; (ii) UHF
confusion at 15 000 ft
overhead a VOR
beacon should not be
greater
amsl. If nothan:
other 6 nm
factors are involved,
maximum range at w/c
signal could be
range detected
of 17 nm is: on 116 nm
either side of the
centre line through an
angle
A radio aidof:
has a 35°
wavelength of 2.4 m.
The
In anfrequency
ADF system, is: 125 MHz
night effect is most
pronounced:
does not have a at dusk and dawn
system to warn the
pilot that it is
inoperative? ADF
 During maintenance,
malfunction or testing
the identification signal
of a VOR transmitter is (i) suppressed; (ii) a
__
Time(i) by __ (ii) between
interval or __ (iii): continuous tone; (iii) removed
transmission of DME
interrogation pulse &
reception of response
pulse is 2 milliseconds.
The slant is
transmitter range is: as
stated 300 km
500, the corresponding
techniquePRI is:
for ILS is 2 milliseconds
______ (i), and a typical
localiser frequency is
normal______angle(ii):
glidepath A8W; 110.30 MHz
transmitter provide
coverage to a range of
__ (i) within __ (ii)
degrees
Which ofof centre
the line:
following (i) 25 nm; (ii) 10°
statements is incorrect it is used to effect long range
with regard to circular communication with
thepolarisation?
weather mode submerged submarines
(beam width 4°). A
cloud is seen on the
radar at 35 nm. Using
the tilt control the paint
on the screen goes at
5° up. Approximate
altitude of the cloud
used for top AWR is:is ___ (i), 39 500 ft
which has a
wavelength of ___ (ii)
and lies in the ___ (iii)
band: 9375 MHz; 3.2 cm; SHF
 a VOR at 30000ft,
groundspeed of 300 kt.
Maximum time during
which no usable signals
will be received (in
Themin. & sec.)
middle is: of
marker 2:20
an ILS installation alternating dots and dashes
identifies
dusk to flyitself with:
a westerly with an amber light
route. Frequencies that
should be used for HF
communication to
stations ahead of &
behind a/c are A - 10MHz; B - 5MHz
A typical ILS glidepath
frequency,
PRF of 500inpps. MHz, is:
The 329.3
maximum theoretical
unambiguous range,
ignoring all other
VLF factors,
surface is:waves 162 nm
achieve greater range
than LF surface waves VLF diffraction is greater and
The ILS because:
outer marker attenuation is less
transmits on a
frequency of ______ and
is identified by an aural
signal of
obtain ______:
a fix from 75 MHz; 2 dashes per second
ground, the pencil
beam is used in at ranges over 50–70nm
preference to mapping greater power can be
beam
feet perbecause:
minute, concentrated in beam
appropriate to a 3.2°
ILS glidepath at an
approach groundspeed
of 110 kts is: 586 fpm
 under what
circumstances will
there be increase in
frequency proportional the transmitter moving
to transmitter velocity: towards the
Returning receiver
echoes being
biased towards the vertical
Doppler Sea Bias effect and reducing the doppler shift
In an ILS is:installation measured
the accurate coverage 8° either side of the centre
of the glidepath signals line out to a distance of 10
in azimuth
140°(M) is:
bears 320°(T) nm
from VOR (VAR 10°E).
OBS selection to make
CDI center with "TO"
OBS & "TO" is? indicated 130°
on VOR L/R deviation
indicator. With needle
showing 2 dots fly left
a/c is on: reduction269°
of radial
its power by
Attenuation of a radio absorption, scattering or
wave is Ithe:
Category ILS is dispersion
Whichcertificated to:
of the following ATC200ft barometric
is responsible forheight
keeping
statements concerning large a/c at a safe distance
the ILS localiser is from a Category III installation
correct? to a
corresponds in use in minimum conditions
wavelength of 12 cm
is: 2500 MHz
The ILS glidepath
operates
When usingbetween:
the ILS, a 329.3-335 MHz in UHF
false glidepath is ______ found both above and below
difference :between a the real
reflection, glidepathradar
secondary
primary radar and a relies on transponder at
secondary radar target to generate reply
system is that: pulse/pulses
 pulse width of 1.5
microseconds and a
PRF of 809 it will have
a Minimum and a
Maximum range
For a given HFof: 0.12 nm - 100 nm
frequency skip distance be greater by night than by
will normally: day
When would VDF be When declaring an
used for a position
navigation system,fix: emergency on 121.500 MHz.
accuracy will be
greatest:
obtain a fix from Along the base line
ground, pencil beam is
used in preference to at range over 50nm greater
mapping beam power can be concentrated in
320°(M) because:
bears 320°(T) beam
from VOR (VAR 10°E).
w/c bearing on OBS
would make CDI to
270°(M) show
has"TO":
273 set on 130°
OBS with "TO"
indicated. With needle
showing 2 dots fly left
a/c is situated on: 089° radial
Category II ILS is
certificated
The definitiondownof to:
a 100 ft radio altimeter height
hyperbolic position line
is: “a line joining points difference in distance from 2
Whichofofequal....”
the following locations
is an advantage of only a VHF radio is needed in
VDF: width of
having beam the aircraft
5°. Tilt 3.5° up, when
cloud at 105 nm just
disappears from
screen. Height of cloud
is: 35 500 ft
 A NDB transmits a
signal pattern
magnetic which
bearing is:
of his Omni-directional
aircraft from a VDF
station. Which of
following terms would
NDB is heause?
______ (i) QDR
transmitter within the
assigned frequency
Theband ______range
minimum (ii): of LF/MF; 190 - 1750 KHz
radar with a pulse
width of 1.5Your
glidepath. 3 secsg/s is:
is 225 metres
180 kts & 4 nm from
touchdown. What
should be ROD &
height passing?
association w/ ILS 1250 fpm; 1600 ft
operate on (i). OM is
modulated with (ii) & (i) 75 MHz; (ii) 400 Hz tone in
will illuminate (iii) on the form of 2 dashes per
Wheninstrument
using anpanel:
AWR in second; (iii) blue
the weather mode, the areas where high
strongest returns on concentrations of large water
the screen indicate: MLS droplets exist in
can be installed
The main advantage of difficult sites w/c are not
withMLShighover
PRFILSofis?
upto suitable for ILS
(i) until equipment
locks on. Aft lock-on
PRF is reduced to
usingapprox.
P code (ii):
is better (i) 150 pps; (ii) 25 pps
than __ (i), however,
civil aircraft may
expect an accuracy of
GNSS, about __ (ii):
for an aircraft (i) 3 metres; (ii) 100 metres
can determine its 3 satellites plus the aircraft's
position: altitudes are required
 aid operating between
(i). High power of the
transmitter means that
coverage is available to (i) 90 - 110 KHz; (ii) 1000 nm
(ii):
beacon designating using ground waves
centreline of airway
(10nm wide), if
expected VOR bearing
You are error is 5.5°:
at FL 290. Your 109 nm
AWR is tilted 4° up &
you see cloud at 25 nm
range. What are cloud
tops (Beamof
frequency width
10 GHz 5°): 32 750 ft
with an aerial of 24
inches diameter. The
Beam of
bearing Width is:
263°(M) 3.4°
from a VOR station, the
OBI is set to 091°, the
deviation indicator will
VOR "X"show:
maintaining TO & fly left 4 dots
045° radial, drift 6°S.
NDB "Y" bears 250°
relative. RMI would
indicate:of the
The purpose VOR 225°;
indicate NDB 109°
most likely areas of
"Iso-Echo" contour turbulence associated with
circuit on annavigation
The basic AWR is to: cumulo form clouds
information given by
doppler
would is:
be correct drift and groundspeed
frequencies for VOR,
ILS glidepath and ILS
localiser (all VOR-109.8; ILS G/s- 332; ILS
frequencies in MHz): Loc- 109.3
 range at which UHF
transmission can be
received by aircraft
flying at FL 200, if UHF
station height is 860 ft
amsl: the
increases, 213 nm
attenuation of a ground increases & is greater over
wave: in VHF land than
band overthere
when sea is a
marked inversion & a
Duct propagation decrease of humidity with
Theoccurs mainly:
refraction of a height
radio wave in the decreases as frequency
band, ionosphere:
it transmits a increases
bearing signal by
means of a ___ (ii) &
uses ___ (iii) to (i) VHF; (ii) rotating limacon;
Thedetermine
range of aradial:
primary (iii) phase comparison
radar would not be increasing the transmitter
b/nincreased by: &
transmitter wavelength
receiver will cause
received freq. to (ii) if
transmitter & receiver (i) relative motion; (ii)
AWR are moving
with (iii):
a maximum decrease; (iii) apart
range of 150 nm, the
best combination of
beam type and range Beam: pencil; Range: 70 - 95
contour mode is? gain is nm
controlled _ (i), iso-
echo circuit would be
__ (ii) & ___ (iii) would (i) Automatically; (ii)
When be used.
using AWR for Functional; (iii) Pencil
mapping purposes the
pencil beam should be
used in preference to mapping at long range (> 50 -
the broad beam when: 70 nm)
 radar at an airfield has
maximum range of
10nm. Max PRF,
ignoring pulse length &
flyback,
The radius is: cone
of the 8300 pps
of confusion over a
ATC VOR at FL that
reports 240 your
is: 4.70 nm
R/T is strength 3. This the transmission is readable
DMEmeans that:
Tx takes 1800 but with difficulty
µsecs to arrive back at
a/c after a/c
transmission. Range of
Duringa/c from DME
an ILS, a 10is: kts 146 nm
groundspeed reduction
what will the change be
toused
the rate of descent?
to track airway 50 ft per minute less
(10nm wide), inbound
on 160°R. At 60nm,
QDM is 336°, a/c four miles left of the airway
position
published is:
letdown centre line
procedures, the
responsibilities for
heading and height
control
picking up rest
more with:
of the QGH: controller; QDM: pilot
150 Hz AM signal than
the 90 Hz signal. The
indications will be? 108 MHz flyand
left;112
fly up
MHz with
ILS localizer signals use the frequencies allocated
VHF frequencies every odd 100 KHz and every
between:
In which frequency odd 100KHz plus 50 KHz
band is a transmission
having a wavelength of
8 cm: SHF
 An NDB radio wave is
moving from land to
sea. On crossing coast
wave will bend ___ (i)
normal & ____
frequency (ii) coast:
band with away from / towards
the longest surface
bearingwave
from is:a VDF 40 KHz; LF
station will be a ______
(i) with an accuracy of
______ (ii):
The coverage provided QDR; ± 2°
by SATCOM satellites
runway is:threshold. 80°N - 80°S
Using the 1/60 rule and
assuming the aircraft is
at 50 ft over the
threshold, the aircraft
check height at the
outer marker should
When using be:non-colour 1420 ft
weather radar in the
mapping mode, you
can use the: pencil beam &
surveillance out to 150 R/T
reduced nm
The purpose of Mode S communications & use by
would be the is: preferred TCAS II
fix for RNAV
showsequipment?
an NDB bearing DME/DME
180° on the RMI. Any
Quadrantal Error
affecting the accuracy
of this bearing is likely
A primary to be:
pulse radar at a maximum
system operates with a
PRF of 450 pps. The
maximum theoretical
range of the system is: 180 nm
 used to generate a a linear time base is required
time base of a simple to correctly represent range
non-rotating radar and any flyback period is
because:
When a DME short
interrogator is
searching:to a
corresponds the transmitter sends 150 pps
frequency of 3000 MHz
theoreticalis:range of a 10 cm
DME at 460 ft amsl
interrogated by an
aircraft at FLdistance
propagation 260 is: 228 nm
b/n end of surface
wave & 1st returning
sky wave is
Category called the:
I aircraft ILS dead space
equipment is
certificated
indication to:
of passing 200 ft barometric height
outer marker is a ___ (i)
light with a series of ___
(ii) at 400
aircraft on aHz:
2.5° (i) Blue; (ii) Dashes
glideslope with a
groundspeed of 142 Kt
at a distance of 4 nm
from the
When threshold
using is:
a N0N A2A 600 fpm
NDB the BFO should on for tuning and off for
be:
w/c incorporates sense identification
& loop aerial is tuned
to an NDB & loop is
rotated so that a sharp
null is found, the aerial at right angles with the
When usingis: NDB's incoming signals
night effect is most
likely to bedesignation
The ICAO greatest at: dawn or dusk
for VOR is: A9W
 what is maximum
radius above a VOR
where unreliable or no
signals at all may be
To received:
increase the 6 nm
maximum theoretical
range of a pulse radar
one could
provides a increase:
readout of the PW and the power
___ (i) which becomes
___ (ii) accurate with
greater range from the
beacon:
If an aircraft is hijacked (i) slant distance; (ii) more
ICAO recommend
which of the following
SSR codes:
An aircraft AWR in the A7500 + mode C
iso-echo or contour identifying areas of maximum
mode is used
between for:
its signals turbulence within a cloud
returning from ground
equipment & signals
reflected from the they are at different
groundto
required because:
report a/c frequencies
altitude referenced to
__ (i) & accurate within
__ (ii): in the
When operating (i) 1013.2 mb; (ii) 200 ft
stabilised mode, the
antenna of an AWR is
occursgyro-stabilised:
in ___ (i) band & in pitch and roll only
atmospheric ducting
occurs in the ___ (ii)
For an ILS band:
installation a (i) VLF; (ii) VHF
false glidepath is .......
the real glidepath:
A ground based always found above
secondary radar will
transmit and receive
on which frequencies? 1030 Mhz & 1090 Mhz
 from a VOR. Bearing
you should select on
OBS in order to
centralise deviation
needle with TO
showing on TO/FROM
indicator
advanced is:
Doppler 270°
position computer not
operating in the
memory mode is likely
to be:
VHF frequencies heading input error
between 108 MHz and
118.85 MHz with
frequencies allocated odd 100 KHz and odd 100 KHz
ionosphere every:
causes ___ + 50 KHz
(i) errors by day for an
NDB system & ___ (ii)
errors by night for a
WhenVOR will system:
groundspeed (i) No;
when the (ii) No
aircraft is flying
based on DME range away from the transponder at
Thebe brilliance
most accurate?
of a CRT low level
display is adjusted by
varying the voltage on
The correct the:height for Grid
an aircraft at 4 nm
from the threshold on a
The 2.7°
OFFglideslope is:
flag on aircraft 1145 ft
DME mileage display
indicates:
DME operates on ______ any of the above
(i) frequencies and
uses ______ (ii)
propagation: (i) UHF; (ii) Space wave
 beacons to provide
range to threshold on
ILS approach & where
DME frequency is
paired with ILS, DME
indications should not
be used at altitudes
greater than: 25 000 ft
When an E/D point is
entered
FMC caninrefine
the FMC:
its A descent path is calculated
position based on IRS, DME, VOR and ILS
inputs from: localizerother than
A thrust reference
take-off is selected and the
After take-off VNAV MCP altitude is set to an
mode
In engages
flight, the FMSafter: altitude the
CDU Initially above the aeroplane
appropriate page
is used to modify the must be displayed by pushing
flight plan to change the functions/mode key that
information: says what you wish to do
LNAV outputs from the Great circle courses between
FMC are normally:
navigational data each waypoints
navigation database for
FMC is renewed at
intervals not greater
than: 28 days data
performance
For a FMC, RAM downloaded from the Bubble
For anmemory:
electronic Memory
display system, red is Warnings or flight envelope
used for: and
Precipitation and systems limits
turbulence areas are
coded by colour, green
Refer indicates:
to Fig RN-1. At 1 – 4 mm/hr
the time of observation
the aircraft was on: 159° radial
 center line, it will be
necessary to make
which of the following
alteration of the
heading to remaine of
the
the course:
time of right onto 347°
observation, the
aircraft's radial and
distance from the
airway
the TAScentre
was 380 lineknots,
was: 062° radial; 9 nm
the mean wind
component for the
Refer to flight is:
RN-Table 1: +22.5
The mean fuel flow
(kg/hr) for the period of
120the nm. flight is:
If aircraft 2400
heading is 315°(M) and
the variation at the
aircraft is 11°E, the
aircraft range (nm) and
bearing (°T) from the
What is return is:
the maximum 60 nm, 116°
range at which a VDF
station at 325ft can
provide a service to
Theaircraft
coverage at FL080:
of the ILS 134nm
glideslope with respect
to the localiser
centreline
operation of theis ILS +/-8° to 10nm
localiser transmitter is The same frequency with
that transmits two different amplitude
overlapping lobes on
The ILS glideslope modulations
transmitter generates
false glidepaths Multiple lobes in the radiation
because of: pattern
 What happens when a
DME in the search It stays in the search mode,
mode fails to achieve but reduces to 60 ppps after
lock-on:
A typical DME 15,000 pulse pairs
The DMEfrequency is: are
counters 1000MHz
continuously rotating; The DME is in the search
this indicates
modulations arethat:
at 150 mode
Hz & 90 Hz. On
approach, which of the The 150 Hz modulation
following statements is predominates to the right of
correct?signals
The glide-path the centre line
must be received to a
range of 10 NM over a 8° each side of the localiser
An ADFsector:
uses a sense centre line
aerial
error to:ADF
on an Resolve ambiguous bearings
bearing increases if
the: The beacon is further inland
Which of the-following It does not have a `signal
is trueTheabout the ADF?
Declared failure` warning
Operational Coverage An altitude and range limited
When of atracking
VOR is: the by signal to noise ratio
090° radial outbound
from a VOR, the track
flown is:
The preferred length of A great circle
a half-wave dipole
designed to operate on
10 MHz
The errorswould
of a be:
ILS 14.25m
localiser (LLZ) beam
are due to: Ground reflections
The main factors which The size of the water droplets
affect whether an AWR and the
will detect a cloud are: wavelength/frequency
 from the VOR/DME
designating the
phantom station and
the phantom station is
35nm from the
VOR/DME, the range
read out in the aircraft
Regulations,will be:
B-RNAV is 12nm
required to provide en
route track keeping +/- 5 nm or better for 95% of
accuracy of: the flight time
In NAVSTAR/GPS the
PRN codes are used to: Determine satellite range
When using GPS to fly
airways, what is the
vertical
Which GPS reference used:
frequencies Barometric
are available for
commercial air
transport: 1575.42
Computer MHz only
generated from the
IRS and radio navigation
The FMC position
In RNAV systems,is: positions
which combination of
external references will
give the most accurate
position
system provides Rho/rho
accurate guidance
down to: the
are received, The surface of the runway
aircraft will be on the
extended centre line.
The upper limit of the Not less than 7° above the
vertical coverage of the horizontal (drawn from the
localiser must be: localiser)
Is used to make the ident
The "BFO": from an A1A NDB audible
The ILS localiser is 300m from the upwind end of
normally positioned: the runway
 Why is a secondary
radar display free from The principle of the return of
weather clutter:
The principle of echoes is not used
operation of LORAN C Differential range by pulse
is: technique