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    CCNA 200-301 Official Cert Guid - Wendell Odom - New - Parte139

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    CCNA 200-301 Official Cert Guid - Wendell Odom - New - Parte139

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    CCNA 200-301 Official Cert Guid - Wendell Odom - New - Parte139

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    of 10

    features mentioned in this chapter.

    Second, the optional features


    listed here happen to be relatively popular in production networks.

    The chapter begins with a section about OSPF network types. As a


    setting on each interface, the OSPF network type dictates whether
    the router attempts to dynamically discover neighbors, and once
    discovered, whether routers on the link use a designated router (DR)
    or not. The section also discusses how to influence which router
    wins the DR election using OSPF priority and router IDs (RIDs).

    The final section then moves on to discuss a variety of smaller


    optional OSPF configuration topics. The features include topics such
    as how to use passive interfaces, how to change OSPF costs (which
    influences the routes OSPF chooses), and how to create a default
    route advertised by OSPF.

    “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz

    Take the quiz (either here or use the PTP software) if you want to
    use the score to help you decide how much time to spend on this
    chapter. The letter answers are listed at the bottom of the page
    following the quiz. Appendix C, found both at the end of the book as
    well as on the companion website, includes both the answers and
    explanations. You can also find both answers and explanations in the
    PTP testing software.
    Table 23-1 “Do I Know This Already?” Foundation Topics Section-to-Question Mapping

    Foundation Topics Section Questions

    OSPF Network Types 1–4

    Additional Optional OSPFv2 Features 5–6

    1. Routers R1 and R2, with router IDs 1.1.1.1 and 2.2.2.2, connect
    over an Ethernet WAN link. If using all default OSPF settings, if the
    WAN link initializes for both routers at the same time, which of the
    following answers are true? (Choose two answers.)

    1. Router R1 will become the DR.


    2. Router R1 will dynamically discover the existence of Router R2.
    3. Router R2 will be neither the DR nor the BDR.
    4. Router R1’s show ip ospf neighbor command will list R2 with a
    state of “FULL/DR.”

    2. Routers R1 and R2, with router IDs 1.1.1.1 and 2.2.2.2, connect
    over an Ethernet WAN link. The configuration uses all defaults,
    except giving R1 an interface priority of 11 and changing both
    routers to use OSPF network type point-to-point. If the WAN link
    initializes for both routers at the same time, which of the following
    answers are true? (Choose two answers.)

    1. Router R1 will become the DR.


    2. Router R1 will dynamically discover the existence of Router R2.
    3. Router R2 will be neither the DR nor the BDR.
    4. Router R2’s show ip ospf neighbor command will list R1 with a
    state of “FULL/DR.”

    3. Per the command output, with how many routers is Router R9


    fully adjacent over its Gi0/0 interface?

    Click here to view code image

    R9# show ip ospf interface brief


    Interface PID Area IP Address/Mask Cost
    Gi0/0 1 0 10.1.1.1/24 1

    1. 7
    2. 0
    3. 5
    4. 2

    4. Routers R1 and R2, which use default priority settings, become


    neighbors, with R1 as the DR and R2 as the BDR. The engineer then
    configures R2’s interface to use OSPF priority 100. Which answers
    correctly predict any changes in the OSPF neighbor relationship?

    1. Router R2 will immediately become the DR.


    2. Router R2 will become the DR after the neighbor relationship fails.
    3. Router R2 will immediately stop filling the BDR role.
    4. Router R2 will become the DR after four OSPF Hello intervals.

    5. Which of the following configuration settings on a router does not


    influence which IPv4 route a router chooses to add to its IPv4
    routing table when using OSPFv2?

    1. auto-cost reference-bandwidth
    2. delay
    3. bandwidth
    4. ip ospf cost

    6. A network engineer configures the ip ospf hello-interval 15


    subcommand under the interfaces that connect OSPF neighbors R1
    and R2 but with no use of the ip ospf dead-interval subcommand.
    Eventually, Router R1’s OSPF process fails, but the link between R1
    and R2 remains working. How long after Router R1’s last Hello does
    R2 consider its neighbor relationship with R1 to fail?

    1. 10 seconds
    2. 15 seconds
    3. 40 seconds
    4. 60 seconds

    Answers to the “Do I Know This Already?” quiz:

    1 B, D

    2 B, C

    3D

    4B

    5B

    6D

    Foundation Topics

    OSPF Network Types

    Two CCNA 200-301 V1.1 exam topics might be completely


    misunderstood without taking a closer look at some default OSPF
    settings. In particular, the following exam topics refer to a specific
    per-interface OSPF setting called the network type—even listing the
    keywords used to configure the setting in the exam topics:
    3.4.b: point-to-point

    3.4.c: broadcast (DR/BDR selection)

    OSPF includes a small number of network types as a setting on each


    OSPF-enabled interface. The setting tells the router whether or not
    to dynamically discover OSPF neighbors (versus requiring the static
    configuration of the neighboring router’s IP address) and whether or
    not the router should attempt to use a designated router (DR) and
    backup designated router (BDR) in the subnet. Of the two OSPF
    network types included in the CCNA exam topics, both cause routers
    to dynamically discover neighbors, but one calls for the use of a DR,
    whereas the other does not. Table 23-2 summarizes the features of
    the two OSPF network types mentioned in the exam topics.

    Table 23-2 Two OSPF Network Types and Key Behaviors

    Network Type Dynamically Discovers Uses a


    Keyword Neighbors DR/BDR

    broadcast Yes Yes


    Network Type Dynamically Discovers Uses a
    Keyword Neighbors DR/BDR

    point-to-point Yes No

    The rest of this first major section of the chapter explores each type.

    The OSPF Broadcast Network Type

    OSPF defaults to use a broadcast network type on all types of


    Ethernet interfaces. Note that all the Ethernet interfaces in the
    examples in Chapter 22, “Implementing Basic OSPF Features,” relied
    on that default setting.

    To see all the details of how the OSPF broadcast network type
    works, this chapter begins with a different design than the examples
    in Chapter 22, instead using a single-area design that connects four
    routers to the same subnet, as shown in Figure 23-1. All links reside
    in area 0, making the design a single-area design.
    Figure 23-1 The Single-Area Design Used in This Chapter

    To get a sense for how OSPF operates with the broadcast network
    type, imagine that all four routers use a straightforward OSPF
    interface configuration like the Router R1 configuration shown in
    Example 23-1. Both GigabitEthernet interfaces on all four routers
    default to use network type broadcast. Note that the configuration
    on routers R2, R3, and R4 mirrors R1’s configuration except that
    they use router IDs 2.2.2.2, 3.3.3.3, and 4.4.4.4, respectively, and
    they use the IP addresses shown in the figure.
    Example 23-1 R1 OSPF Configuration to Match Figure 23-1

    Click here to view code image

    router ospf 1
    router-id 1.1.1.1
    !
    interface gigabitEthernet0/0
    ip ospf 1 area 0
    !
    interface gigabitEthernet0/1
    ip ospf 1 area 0

    This simple design gives us a great backdrop from which to observe


    the results of the broadcast network type on each router. Both
    interfaces (G0/0 and G0/1) on each router use the broadcast
    network type and perform the following actions:

    Attempt to discover neighbors by sending OSPF Hellos to the


    224.0.0.5 multicast address (an address reserved for sending
    packets to all OSPF routers in the subnet)
    Attempt to elect a DR and BDR on each subnet
    On the interface with no other routers on the subnet (G0/1),
    become the DR
    On the interface with three other routers on the subnet (G0/0),
    be either DR, BDR, or a DROther router
    When sending OSPF messages to the DR or BDR, send the
    messages to the all-OSPF-DRs multicast address 224.0.0.6

    Example 23-2 shows some of the results using the show ip ospf
    neighbor command. Note that R1 lists R2, R3, and R4 as neighbors
    (based on their 2.2.2.2, 3.3.3.3, and 4.4.4.4 router IDs), confirming
    that R1 dynamically discovered the other routers. Also, note that the
    output lists 4.4.4.4 as the DR and 3.3.3.3 as the BDR.

    Example 23-2 R1’s List of Neighbors

    Click here to view code image

    R1# show ip ospf neighbor

    Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Add


    2.2.2.2 1 2WAY/DROTHER 00:00:35 10.
    3.3.3.3 1 FULL/BDR 00:00:33 10.
    4.4.4.4 1 FULL/DR 00:00:35 10.

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