English for Academic and  Written for a specific audience –

researchers, academics, and post-

Professional Purposes graduate students.

Lesson 1 – Reading Academic Texts

5. Case studies
 May be found in any discipline. Most
Academic – relation to academe/ education. common are business, sociology, and
law. They are DESCRIPTIVE
- Source of knowledge, new learnings, skills, a. Context
values, and habits. b. Description of the setting
- Are educational texts. Includes c. An account of how this changed over
schoolbooks, newspapers, articles, period of time.
textbooks, theses, dissertations, and
anything written by experts in various 6. Reports
fields of specialization.  To describe what happened (in piece of
research) and discuss/evaluate its
importance.
a. Context/overview
b. introduction
c. methodology
d. Findings/main point
e. Discussion
f. Conclusion

Reading in Various Academic

Fields
Jargon – Language used in a specific discipline,
profession of occupation. 1. Readings in Science
2. Readings in History
Why Read Academic Texts? 3. Readings in Literature
4. Readings in Mathematics
 Requires more than surface reading.
Process of working with the text.
 To improve critical thinking skills; beyong
the lower-order thinking skills. To test the Structure of Academic Texts
level of comprehension.
 To judge the validity of the author’s Text structure – how information is organized in a
argument. passage.
 Make you students better academic - Depends on the purpose of the text.
readers. A. Three Part Essay
a. Introduction – introduces and states
Types of Academic Texts the thesis
b. Body paragraphs – topic of evidence
1. Textbooks
sentences.
 Specifically deigned to help you, the
c. Conclusion – summarizes the essay
learner. Might have summaries or
structure and restate the thesis.
review quizzes.
B. IMRaD
 Vary in style, tone and level depending
a. Introduction – show that the author is
on their audience.
knowledgeable about his field of study.
 Good place to start when learning a
Contains summary of existing research
new topic.
on the subject, current situation.
2. Essays
b. Method – applying valid methods.
 Vary in length and formality.
Accounts for what the author did and
 Contains 3 sections: introduction, main
did not do.
body, and conclusion.
c. Results – findings, data, evidence.
 Include citation of sources.
Essence of the paper.
 Help teachers to see student’s
d. Discussion – discusses the results of
progress,
his study/project. Decides if it possible
3. Theses and Dissertations
to compare to other studies. Decides if
 Theses – 10,000-20,000 words.
more research is needed and makes
Baccalaureate and master’s levels.
recommendations.
 Dissertation – 60,000-80,000 words.
Doctor’s level.
- Structure and style vary across disciplines
but are likely to include the ff: Tips in Reading Academic Texts
a. Introduction
b. Background 1. Highlight, underline, encircle, mark any line
c. Literature review that is essential or important.
d. Methodology 2. Read every sentence. If there is a word you
e. Results/findings do not understand, write it down and go
f. Discussion search it. Reading academic texts will also
g. Recommendations enrich your vocabulary.
h. Conclusion 3. Understand what the text says. Investigate.
Learn how to distinguish truth from lie,
4. Research articles facts from opinions.
 4. Make sure piece is reliable. Avoid Wikipedia 1. Paraphrase – one’s own words.
and try google scholar. Paraphrasing lines according to how you
understand them.
2. Precis – summing up of an academic or
official document (paraphrasing
academically)
Lesson 2 : Skills in Reading
Academic Texts

3. Summary – summing up. Less lengthy

Outlining – skeletal overview of draft than the original.
- Re-states only the main ideas. Omitting
- Contains fundamental points and various examples and evidence used in supporting
ideas that support them and illustrating those points.
- Usually in the form of a list divided into - Shorter than the original and may use
headings and subheadings that some of the same words.
distinguished main points from supporting 4. Abstract – summary in 300 words or less.
points. Seen at the first part of a research/thesis
- Presents a picture of main ideas and paper and serves as an overview of the
supporting ideas of a subject paper.
- General to specific.

Ways of Doing your Outline

Lesson 3 : Writing the Reaction
1. Format your Outline – traditional outline
follows a specific format of letters and Paper
numbers.
- An essay which you describe the emotions
I. Roman Numerals
of a certain person, object, or event cause
A. Capital Letters
in you.
1. Arabic Numerals
- Response paper
b. lowercase letters
- Should include summary of the work, but
2. Indent your Outline – align each section the the main focus is your thoughts, feelings,
left of the paper. Indent each subsection, and with and realizations about what’s discussed n
every subsequent subsection, indent more. the original text.
- Also a type of academic paper that
requires an ability to present thoughts and
ideas in a scholarly manner.
Steps in Creating an Outline - Remain critical and develop thoughts
during the reading process.
1. Read the entire text first. Skim the text
- Identify a set of points you want to discuss,
afterward.
argue or expand on. (disagree or agree
2. Locate the main idea of the thesis of the
with author)
whole essay.
- Must be interesting and thought-provoking.
3. Look for key phrases in each paragraph of
the essay. Purposes of a Reaction Paper
4. Evaluate the supporting details provided.
5. Go back to the text to check whether you 1. TO develop one’s ability to express oneself
have followed its sequence closely and that in an academic and professional manner.
you have not missed any information. 2. Ability to research, understand, and then
communicate information is the essence of
being educated.
Thesis Statement – a sentence in an essay, 3. Opportunity to explore the topic;
report, research paper, or speech that identifies understand the material, exercise verbal
the main idea and/or central purpose of the text skills, express your opinion.
4. Provides opportunity to develop precious
research and comprehension.
5. Can help improve writing skills, including
Tips in writing a Thesis Statement organization, clarity, coherence, and the
ability to express thoughts and ideas
1. Be clear and concise
effectively,
2. Don’t say much, just the important.
6. Can be basis for discussion and debate.
Simplicity is key.
7. Can serve as a record of personal growth
3. Avoid jargons, unless you are confident
and development
that your reader will understand it.
4. Avoid injecting your personal touch in the
theses statement. Don’t take sides.
Parts of Reaction Paper
1. Summary of the work – identify the author
Writing Paraphrase, Precis,
and title of the work.
Abstract, and Summary 2. Your reaction – discuss if the work increase
your understanding of a particular issue
and if it changed your perspective.
3. Conclusion of your reaction paper
Tips in Writing a Reaction Paper 4. Marxism – difference between economic
classes. Karl marx and Friedrich Engels
1. Read or watch the work carefully. –
understand the content, identify the main
idea.
2. Create good outline before writing Literary Criticisms
3. Organize your paper.
- Reasoned consideration of literary works
4. Be honest and personal
and issues. It applies, as a term, to any
5. Maintain formal tone.
argumentation about literature. Whether or
6. Revise and Edit
not specific works are analyzed.
7. Cite sources
- Practical criticism
1. Biological Criticism – depends on the life
story of the author in doing his critical
Lesson 4 : Writing the Review analysis.
2. Cognitive-Scientific Criticism – guided
Paper by his knowledge of science processes to
explain how the narrative is structured.
3. Formalistic/Structural – concerns himself
Review Paper – critique or evaluative paper. with the form or structure of the reading
selection.
- Critically and carefully examines another 4. Gender Criticism – comments on the
writer’s work, almost like peer review. treatment of the female, gay, or lesbians in
- Objective. Summary and analysis of the text.
something. 5. Historical Criticism – deals with the past
- A critical and objective review that events and criticizes the manner by which
provides new insights or interpretation of a the events influenced the text.
subject through thorough and systematic 6. Linguistic Criticism – focuses on the
evaluation of available evidence. etymology or origin of the words by the
- Provides evidence for particular point of writer.
view. 7. Marxist criticism – centers on the
- Do not rely on opinions but rather use struggles of the working class to upgrade
proofs and logical reasoning. their living standards.
- Presents an analytical response to a book 8. Moral Criticism – delves on moral or
or article. ethical issues affecting the reading
selection
9. Political criticism- deals with the manner
Characteristics of a Good Review by which politics, political systems, etc.
affect the lives of the characters.
Paper 10. Psychological Criticism – deals with the
concept of analysis of the character’s
1. Comprehensive – analyzes all the
psychology.
elements of the genre to which the
11. Sociological Criticism – investigates the
particular work belongs.
way society affects the lives of characters.
2. Critical – review is in-depth. Critical
12. Stylistic Criticism – concerned with te
approaches are applied.
manner by which the writer presents his
3. Timely – the review is about a work that is
ideas in the reading selection. (rhythm,
relatively recent.
meter, theme, imagery, metaphor)
4. Objective – review is not tainted by the
author’s personal biases and prejudice
5. Credible – acceptable to many. Reviewer
made use of a generally accepted criteria Structure of a Review paper
in evaluating the work.
6. Original – simple piecing together of other 1. Title:
critic’s reviews. Your Name:
7. Fair – author does not unfairly compare Date:
the work with another work. 2. Abstract : Provide a brief summary of the
8. Decisive – decides whether the work is review being addressed or the rationale for
good or bad, good or poor quality. the review and the major studies reviewed.
3. Introduction – title or the work, writer’s
name, thesis statement.
- Introduce the topic and your rationale for
Critical Approaches in Writing a addressing this topic, focusing why it is
Review Paper important.
- Define what this article will discuss.
1. Formalism – claims that literary works - Can help readers understand the direction
contain intrinsic properties and treats each of your critique.
work as a distinctive work of art. 4. Body – subtopics being addressed.
- Structure, style, language, and technical - Form critical evaluations.
aspects. - Organize your ideas.
- Sums up entirety of the work - Cover more than just the basics.
2. Feminism – focuses on how they present 5. Conclusion – restate your overall
women. assessment of the work.
- How culture determines gender.
3. Reader-Response – reviewer’s reaction
as audience of a work.