Basic Power BI Interview Questions for

Freshers

1. What is Power BI?

Power BI is a collection of Business Intelligence tools, techniques, and

processes that are used to extract valuable information from the raw
business data by connecting, transforming, and visualizing raw data sets
from multiple sources.

It provides the right tools to create interactive dashboards and live reports
that can be shared and published on various platforms to help business
users and stakeholders make better decisions. With the competitive and
highly categorized information, planners and decision-makers can track
their performance in the market.
If you want to learn the tool in-depth, then come to us and sign
up for this Power BI Course at Intellipaat.

2. Why use Power BI?

Power BI provides a simple setup to connect, transform, and visualize the

raw business data from multiple sources. Even non-technical users can
extract valuable information from their business data and use it to make
better decisions. It provides a secure cloud service that enables the user
to view dashboards, reports and share them with other business users and
stakeholders in real-time analysis.

Power BI provides AI features in the form of Power Query and Power Q&A.
With Power Query, you can create the dashboards by simply typing in the
columns and the visuals you want to include. While Power Q&A allows you
to analyze your data by giving voice commands.
Small businesses can use Power BI Desktop to visualize their business
data without spending their time and money in maintaining a separate
team for data analysis.

3. What is the difference between Managed

Enterprise BI and Self-service BI?

The limitations of Managed Enterprise BI led to the birth of Self-service BI.

There are significant differences that separate them.
Managed Enterprise BI Self-service BI
Here, data flows in from a plethora of sources This enables companies to ingest data
and, for this reason, there is no order in which from any data source, seamlessly.
companies ingest and manage their data sources. Companies take in data from any source in
any format.
Companies fail to conduct their business With data ingestion falling into order,
operations, effectively, as they are not able to companies are able to process data and,
report and analyze data and collaborate for consequently, conduct business operations
collecting valuable insights from it. with ease.
There are time constraints and a lack of proper Analyzing data is easy, and it is done
information when it comes to analyzing data. implicitly. Time constraints are hence
alleviated.
Third-party vendors are employed to help There is no need for third-party vendors
companies make the most out of their data anymore and all associated constraints are
sources, leading to budget problems and slow eradicated.
productivity.
Complex programming skills are necessary for Users could generate intuitive and
generating reports. actionable dashboards almost
instantaneously without executing
complex programming codes.
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4. Why are you interested in Power BI? What
makes you think that Power BI would be a great
career option?

A cloud-based data reporting and visualization tool, Power BI makes it

possible for users to generate reports online. Once reports are generated,
users can share them with their colleagues in their workplace. This aspect
of Power BI makes it quite popular among business users. And therefore,
Power BI is both an interesting and promising career option.

5. Mention the important features of Power BI.

Features of Power BI are many. The most notable ones are:

 It allows users to transform data into visuals and share those

visuals with colleagues.
 It allows users to explore and analyze data from all sources (in
an all-in-one view).
 It allows users to scale across organizations with built-in
governance and security.
 Once an output is generated, users can display the same in
multiple devices that are compatible with the Power BI
application.
 With Power BI natural language processing or Power BI Q&A,
users can perform queries on reports using simple English
words.

6. Is Power BI free to use?

Well, users can use Power BI for free. However, the best of Power BI can
be availed with the Power BI Pro subscription account. This can be
purchased from the Microsoft Store. The subscription account basically
offers an enhanced version of several features that are available with the
Power BI free account. Most business users use a subscribed account as it
offers more data refreshes per day and other features as compared to the
free version.

7. What are the versions of Power BI?

Power BI currently comes in three versions:

 Microsoft Power BI Free/Desktop – This version is for users

who want to get business insights from their data with
visualizations.
 Microsoft Power BI Pro – This is the full version of Power BI. It
allows users unlimited reporting, sharing, and viewing of reports.
 Microsoft Power BI Premium – This version provides a license
for all users in an organization.

Go through the Power BI Course in Bangalore to get a clear

understanding of Power BI!

8. What is Power BI Desktop?

Power BI Desktop is a Windows desktop-based application for personal

computers, primarily for designing, generating, and publishing reports to
the cloud. Used as an on-premise version of Power BI, Power BI Desktop
can run on PCs and work full-fledged even when the system is not
connected to the Internet. Just when users want to publish their reports to
the cloud or share with colleagues, they are supposed to connect to the
Internet. Power BI Desktop is basically the first application that users jump
into when they board on Power BI.

Check out the Power BI tutorial to learn more about its concepts.

9. What are the major components of Power BI?

There are five different components of Power BI.

 Power Pivot: Fetches and cleans data and loads on to Power

Query
 Power Query: Operates on the loaded data
 Power Q&A: Makes it possible for users to interact with reports
using simple English language
 Power View: Lets users create interactive charts, graphs,
maps, and other visuals
 Power Map: Enables the processing of accurate geographic
locations in datasets

10. What is the purpose of the ‘Get Data’ icon

in Power BI?

When users click on the Get Data icon in Power BI, a drop-down menu
appears and it shows all data sources from which data can be ingested.

Data can actually be directly ingested from any source including files in
Excel, CSV, XML, JSON, PDF, and SharePoint formats and databases such
as SQL, Access, SQL Server Analysis Services, Oracle, IBM, MySQL, and
much more. Also, Power BI datasets and Power BI data flows are
compatible. Data can also be taken in from Azure and other online
sources.

11. How can we filter data in Power BI?

Data can be filtered using various filters that are available in Power BI,
implicitly. There are basically three types of filters, namely, Page-level
filters, Drillthrough filters, and Report-level filters.

 Drillthrough filters: With Drillthrough filters in Power BI

Desktop, users can create a page in their reports that focuses on
specific entities such as suppliers, customers, or manufacturers.
 Page-level filters: These are used to filter charts that are
present on individual pages.
 Report-level filters: They are used to simultaneously filter
charts that are present on all pages of a report.

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Chennai to get ahead in your career!

12. How is Power BI different from other BI

tools?

Power BI provides better features and data manipulation tools as

compared to other BI tools like Tableau. A single user can connect with
multiple data sources without any experience in coding and data
analytics. As a product of Microsoft, Power BI is closely integrated with
other Microsoft tools such as Office 365, SharePoint, and Bing.

In the free version of Power BI Desktop, the user can analyze datasets of
up to 1GB in storage along with 10,000 rows of data steaming every hour.
Moreover, it provides features like Power Query which allows the user to
easily visualize the datasets by giving the command in the natural English
language.

13. MSBI vs Power BI

Below are the key differences between the MSBI and Power BI:
MSBI Power BI
SSRS in MSBI is used to integrate the Power Bi is a collection of BI tools and techniques
processing components and that allows the user to create dashboards and
programming interfaces to test and share reports by transforming the raw business data into
the reports on various devices. visually interactive charts, maps, and graphs.
It cannot access the data from cloud Can access the data from both On-premise and
storage. cloud storage.
MSBI can handle large datasets without Power BI can handle datasets of a maximum of
putting much stress on the computer 10MB or 33,000 rows. The user has to run direct
systems. queries if the data exceeds the limit.
SSRS in MSBI can only be used to Power BI is used to create data models, reports, and
create visualizations and reports. dashboards, which you can access and share via
Power BI Apps and web browsers.

14. Power BI vs Tableau

Below are some of the major differences between Power BI and Tableau:
Power BI Tableau
Power BI can handle a limited volume of Can handle huge datasets without affecting the
datasets. performance of the system.
Can be used by both naive and experienced Used by experienced professionals for data
users. analytics purposes.
Power BI has an easy-to-learn interface that The interface is difficult to understand by a non-
helps the user to visualize the data and technical user.
create reports.
Provides an easy way for embedding the It’s a real-time challenge for embedding reports
reports. in Tableau.
Power BI uses Data Analysis Tableau uses Multidimensional
Expression(DAX) to build formulas and Expressions(MDX) to create complex
expressions for measuring the columns. calculations and measure columns and
dimensions.

Learn important Tableau concepts and enhance your skills by

enrolling in this Tableau Certification Course.
15. What are the essential applications of
Power BI?

Power BI is used by the following professionals and departments:

 Project Management Office: Power BI is used by project

managers to identify the current situation of various business
units. It helps them to see the overall performance of the team
and track the progress of various projects.
 Business and Data Analysts: Business Analysts use Power BI
to analyze the raw business data at greater speeds and
efficiency. They prepare the data by cleaning and transforming
it based on specific requirements and prepare live reports to
express the raw in the form of visual insights.
 Database Administrators: By using PowerShell or Microsoft
365, the database administrator can increase the Power BI
embedded capacity and assign the roles to different team
members. With Power BI, the Database Administrators can set
the passwords and decide who can access the reports and
dashboards in Power BI.
 IT Professionals: IT professionals can use Power BI to create
stunning visualizations and dashboards to track their
performance and visualize various log files for the meetings. It
also helps them to find out the areas where the team needs to
work on and improve their performance.
 Reports for the consumer: With Power BI, the business user
can add custom reports to various applications designed from
the consumer’s perceptive. For example, you can create a report
that shows your daily sales down in different countries and add
it to your social media profiles, websites, and applications. This
will show the consumer your product’s popularity and will
motivate him to buy it.
Check out why Power BI is one of the best business intelligence
tool!

16. Advantages of using Power BI?

Here are a few advantages of using Power BI over other applications:

 ETL/Data Recovery Suite: Power BI has a robust set of tools

for implementing the ETL(extraction, transformation, and
loading the datasets) capabilities. Data preparation and
transformation are very important before moving to the
visualization part. Power BI allows the user to directly build
reporting datamarts and remove any ambiguities present in the
datasets.
 Custom Visualization: Power BI provides you the flexibility of
creating custom visualizations and adding them to your
dashboards and live reports. Custom reports help the planners
and decision-makers to identify the problems and make the best
decision to improve their performance in the market.
 Q&A Capability: Power BI is capable of executing natural
language queries with the help of Power Query and Power Q&A.
Power Bi use AI and Natural Language Processing(NLP)
algorithms to process the commands given by the user and
produce the desired results.
 Easy to use: You don’t need to be an expert to visualize your
data and create reports in Power BI. It has a simple interface
that allows even a non-technical user to transform the raw data
into visually interactive dashboards and reports.
 Price: Compared to other BI and data visualization tools, Power
BI is highly affordable. Small businesses can use power BI for
free and take smart decisions to improvise their performance in
the market. Moreover, Power BI Pro comes with an array of
features for just $10 a month.
17. What is Power BI Dashboard?

Power BI Dashboard is a canvas that helps in creating a story with

visualizations and templates to better understand the data. It contains all
the highlights of the data in the form of a one-page report.

18. What are custom visualizations?

Power BI Pro users can create their own visualizations from the custom
visualizations library. First, a development project will have to be created
and then the visual can be tested in Power BI services. As soon as the
custom visualization is created, it is thoroughly tested before posting. It is
saved as a .pbiviz file before sharing.

Learn more about Power BI Integration with Azure!

19. What are the parts of Microsoft’s self-

service business intelligence solution?

Microsoft’s self-service business intelligence solution has two

parts:

 Excel BI Toolkit – It helps users create interactive reports using

imported data from various data sources. Data can be modeled
according to what is needed in the report.
 Power BI – It helps users share the interactive reports created
using Excel BI Toolkit.

20. Is Power BI an effective solution?

Power BI is a cloud-based business intelligence tool. It helps analyze and

visualize raw data imported from various data sources. It integrates data
visualizations with data analytics, to help businesses make better
decisions centered around data. Power BI is easy to use and processes
data in a reliable and easy-to-understand way.
Power BI can work on different platforms and be shared on the cloud. All
of this makes it an affection solution.

21. What do you understand by Power BI

services?

Power BI Services is a Service-as-a-platform or a cloud-based service. It

can be used to analyze, and visualize data aligned with sharing business
insights efficiently.

22. What is Power Query?

Power Query is an ETL tool. It can help shape, transform, and clean data
with the help of intuitive interfaces and no need for coding. Power Query
can help with the following:

 Importing data from various data sources like files, databases,

social media data, big data, etc.
 Appending and joining data from several sources.
 Adding or removing data to shape it according to requirements.

23. What is Power View?

Power View is a technology for data visualization that allows users to

create interactive graphs, charts, maps, and other visualizations that help
bring data to life. Power View is available in SharePoint, Excel, Power BI,
and SQL Server.

Enroll in our SQL Course to learn the concepts of Microsoft SQL

Server.

24. Differentiate between Power BI and Excel.

The following comparisons show the differences between Excel and Power
BI.
Parameter Power BI Excel
Tabular Power BI is not very good at Excel is better at handling tabular reports.
reports handling tabular reports.
Duplicate Power BI can’t display duplicate Excel allows users to display duplicate
table tables. tables.
Reports Power BI allows interactive, Excel users cannot perform advanced
personalized reports. cross-filtering between charts.
Analytics Power BI offers simple analytics. Excel offers advanced analytics.
Applications Power BI is ideal for KPIs, alerts, Excel has new charts now but they can’t
and dashboards. connect to data model.

Learn a step-by-step guide on exporting Power BI data to

excel from our blog!

25. Explain the filled map in Power BI.

Power BI comes with two built-in maps – chart maps and filled maps. A
filled map will show you data points in geospatial areas instead of just
showing points on a map. Working with a filled map can be a lot more
difficult than working with a chart map.

26. How to perform query tasks on the Power BI

desktop?

In order to utilize Power Query within Power BI desktop, users have the
capability to employ the Power Query editor. To access this functionality,
one must navigate to the “Edit Queries” option located within the home
tab of the Power BI desktop interface.

27. How do you create a group in Power BI?

To group fields in Power BI, begin by selecting all the desired fields. Next,
right-click on the selection to open the context menu. From the menu,
choose the “Group” option, and Power BI will automatically group the
selected items for you.

28. What is the Time Intelligence function?

The Time Intelligence function allows users to manipulate data with the
help of periods.

Power BI Interview Questions for

Intermediate Level

29. Where is data stored in Power BI?

When data is ingested into Power BI, it is basically stored in Fact

and Dimension tables.

 Fact tables: The central table in a star schema of a data

warehouse, a fact table stores quantitative information for
analysis and is not normalized in most cases.
 Dimension tables: It is just another table in the star schema
that is used to store attributes and dimensions that describe
objects stored in a fact table.

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30. What are the different views in Power BI

Desktop?

There are three different views in Power BI, each of which serves a
different purpose:
  Report View: Users can add visualizations and additional report
pages and publish the same on the portal from here.
 Data View: Data shaping can be performed through Query
Editor tools.
 Relationship View: Users can manage relationships between
datasets in this view.

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31. How are relationships defined in Power BI

Desktop?

If there are no null values or duplicate rows, relationships between tables

can be defined in two ways:

 Manually: Users can manually define relationships between

tables using primary and foreign keys.
  With the autodetect feature: When enabled, this inherent
feature of Power BI detects relationships between tables and
creates them automatically.

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32. What do you know about Power BI Query

Editor?

By using Power BI Query Editor, users can load data from a wider number
of data sources and apply transformations to them, including adding new
columns and measures.

Power BI Query Editor comprises four tabs:

Query Editor Use Case
Tab
Home  Import data from Query Editor into the New Query group
 Use the Parameter group to create and manage
parameters
 Include a function to refresh the preview data for the
current table, or all tables, in the dataset
 Manage columns, reduce rows, and sort groups

Transform  Change the data types of columns, rename columns, replace

values, and fix errors in the Any Column group
 The structured column group provides options for working with
the nested data
 Run R Script function enables to run R Queries directly on Power
BI Query Editor

Add Column  Use Add Custom Column to create a new column using a DAX
formula
 Use Conditional Column to add a column based on t
he values in another column
 Use
the From Number group to apply statistical, standar
d, and scientific functions to numerical columns

View  Show or hide Query Editor Settings

 From here, the Advanced Editor window can be opened
 to view and edit the query code

33. What is Advanced Editor in Power BI?

Advanced Editor can be used to see the query that Power BI runs
against data sources to import data.

 The query is written in M-code, the Power Query Formula

Language
 To view the query code from Power BI Desktop, choose Edit
Queries from the Home tab
 From either the Home or the View tab, click on Advanced Editor
to work on the query. The Advanced Editor window opens,
displaying the code for the currently selected query
 When we make transformations to our data in Query Editor, the
steps are saved to the Applied Steps in the Query Settings
 These steps are also applied to the code in the Advanced Editor

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34. Why should general formatting be applied

to data in Power BI?

By formatting data, users can help Power BI categorize and identify data,
making it much easier to work with.

 Enter a custom formula to create a new column, including

calculations using values from the other columns
 To create a new column, click on Add Custom Column
 In the new column name box, type the name of the column and
add the formula to the custom column formula box; for example,
[ShipDate] – [OrderDate]
  Select a column from the available columns list and click on
Insert or double-click to add it to the custom column formula
text box. Then, click on OK
 The new column is appended to the table, and the formula is
visible in the Formula Bar

Custom Column Formula:

1= Table.AddColumn(#"Sorted Rows",
2"DaysOrderToShip", each [ShipDate] -
3[OrderDate])

The above code is the formula to create a custom column, which

calculates the days from when an order was placed to when it got
shipped.

35. Name the different connectivity modes

available in Power BI?

There are three main connectivity modes available in Power BI:

 SQL Server Import: It’s the default and most commonly used
connectivity option in Power BI. With SQL Server Import, the
user can fully utilize the Power BI Desktop. You can easily
connect the SQL Server data with Power BI and run queries on it.
 Direct Query: Direct queries can be executed on datasets
exceeding the recommended size. In this case, Power BI will only
store the metadata of the source and execute direct queries on
it. However, it limits the operations you can perform to prepare
your data for reporting.
 Live Connections: Power BI Service can be used to connect
with live data sources such as SQL Server Analysis Services,
Power BI Datasets hosted by Power BI Service, and Azure
Analysis Service. In a live connection, all the interactions will be
done using direct queries.
36. What are the different types of refresh
options available in Power BI?

There are four types of refresh options available in Power BI:

 Package Refresh: It synchronizes your data in Power BI

Desktop or Excel files between Power BI service and SharePoint
Online and OneDrive.
 Model or Data Refresh: Refresh the data available in Power BI
Service with the data stored in the original data source.
 Tile refresh: This feature updates the cache for Power BI tiles
every 15 minutes on the dashboards.
 Visual Container Refresh: Used to refresh the visual
containers and the visuals of cached reports once the data is
changed.

37. What data sources can Power BI connect to?

Power BI can connect to various data sources but it can be categorized as

follows:

 Files: Power BI can import data from.csv,.xslx,.pbix, and.xlxm

files, among others.
 Content packs are collections of connected items or documents
that are kept together for storage. Both content packs
generated and shared by other users inside the company as well
as content packs from service providers like Google
Analytics or Salesforce are available in Power BI.
 Connectors: These include connectors to databases and other
datasets like Azure SQL, Database and SQL, etc.

38. What is a comprehensive working system of

Power BI?
Power BI operates on a four-step process to facilitate efficient data
analysis:

 Data Import: The initial phase involves importing data from

various sources and converting it into a standardized format for
further processing.
 Data Cleansing: Once the data is gathered, it undergoes a
transformation process to eliminate any undesired or irrelevant
information, ensuring a clean dataset for analysis.
 Data Visualization: Utilizing a robust set of visualization tools,
the processed data is visually represented in the form of
interactive reports and dashboards within the Power BI desktop
environment. This step aids in extracting valuable insights from
the data.
 Save and Publish: After the report creation phase, the
finalized reports can be saved and published, enabling seamless
sharing and collaboration. Users can access the reports via
mobile applications and web platforms, facilitating widespread
data dissemination.

39. What are the different types of filters in

Power BI reports?

There are various filter types in Power BI:

 Visual-level Filters – These filters work on single

visualizations. They reduce the amount of data the visualization
can see. These filters can filter calculations as well as data.
 Page-level Filters – These filters work on the report-page level.
Different pages in the same report can have different page-level
filters.
 Report-level Filters – These filters work on an entire report.
They filter all visualizations and pages included in the report.
40. What are the types of visualizations in
Power BI?

The following are some types of visualizations that are available

in Power BI:

 Bar and Column Charts: You can use these visualizations to

look at a specific value across various categories.
 Area Charts: Area Charts help look at the magnitude of change
over time.
 Card: Cards can be used to show the aggregate value of
particular data points.
 Doughnut and Pie Charts: These charts help you visualize the
relationship between parts of a whole.
 Maps: Maps show quantitative and categorical data with spatial
locations.
 Matrix: Matrix is a type of table that helps see aggregate data
easily.
 Slicers: A slicer is used to filter other visuals on the page.

41. Why and how would you use a custom visual

file?

A custom visual file helps users if none of the already existing visuals fit
the needs of the business. These are usually generated by developers and
they can be used just like prepackaged files.

42. What are the various types of users who

can use Power BI?

 Report Consumers: They consume reports according to their

particular needs.
  Report Analyst: They require detailed data for their analysis of
the reports.
 Self-Service Data Analyst: They need an in-depth analysis of
the data to work with.
 Basic Data Analyst: They are able to build their own datasets.
 Advanced-Data Analyst: They can write SQL queries and bring
hands-on experience in Power BI.

43. Where do you reshape data in Power BI?

Data can be reshaped in Data Editing.

44. Which is a single-page canvas that uses

visualizations to depict a story?

Power BI Dashboard.

45. List out some drawbacks/limitations of

using Power BI.

Some limitations of Power BI are as follows:

 Complex in nature
Power BI has been designed a little complex. Users need to
know in-depth about Power BI before they can start working on
it.
 Large Data
Power BI isn’t capable of handling large data and might time out
while processing it. It cannot process data larger than 1 GB.
 Limited Sharing of Data
Only users who are on the same domain or have their email
addresses listed on Office 365 can receive the files you share.
  Limited Data Source
Power BI allows real-time connection with very limited data
sources.

46. What are the purpose and benefits of using

the DAX function?

DAX or Data Analysis Expression is a functional language that can create

calculated columns and/or measures for smarter calculations to limit the
data the dashboard has to fetch and visualize.

47. What are the different Excel BI add-ins?

The most important Power BI add-ins to Excel are as follows:

 Power Query – Power Query helps in editing, loading, and

finding external data.
 Power Pivot – Power Pivot is mainly used in data analysis and
data modeling.
 Power View – Power View is used to design interactive and
visual reports.
 Power Map – Power Map helps display insights on 3D maps.

48. What is Power Pivot Data Model?

The Power Pivot Data Model encompasses a range of integral elements

such as data tables, data types, table relationships, and columns. These
data tables act as dedicated repositories responsible for housing data
associated with distinct business entities.

49. Can we have more than one active

relationship between two tables in Power Pivot
Data Model?
When considering database relationships, it is crucial to understand that
two tables cannot simultaneously have multiple active relationships. While
it is feasible for two tables to establish multiple relationships, only one of
these relationships can be active at any given moment.

50. Can SQL and Power Query/Query Editor be

used together?

Certainly, The integration of SQL and Power Query/Query Editor enables

the utilization of an SQL statement as the source for a Power Query/Query
Editor function. This integration serves the purpose of executing a reliable
database query directly at the source, resulting in a reduction of
unnecessary complexity and processing on the client machine. By
seamlessly combining these technologies, the efficiency and effectiveness
of data retrieval and transformation processes can be optimized.

51. What are the primary requirements for a

table to be used in Power Map?

The primary requirement is to have unique rows. The table also needs to
have location data. The location data can be in the form of
latitude/longitude pair, address fields, etc.

52. What are the data sources for Power Map?

The data sources can be Excel or external. To prepare the data you have
to make sure all the data is in the Excel table format, with each row
depicting a unique record. The row/column headings must contain text
and not actual data. This is important to make sure Power Map interprets
it correctly while plotting geographical coordinates. You can use
meaningful labels to make the category and value field handy when
you’re designing your tour in the Power Map Tour Editor pane.
If you want to load data from an external source, you can follow
these steps:

1. Open Excel, click Data, and then the connection you want to add
from the Get External Data group.
2. A wizard will open. You can follow the steps given.
3. On the final step of the wizard, check the Add this data to the
Data Model.

53. Is Power BI available on-premises?

No. Power BI isn’t available on-premises as a private cloud service. But,

you can securely connect your on-premises data sources with Power BI
and Power BI Desktop.

54. What is Power BI Q&A?

Power BI Q&A is a language tool that helps with data querying and
obtaining the required results. Q&A renders your questions and reveals a
restated query about what it requires from your data.

Advanced Power BI Interview Questions

for Experienced

55. What are the most common data shaping

techniques?

The most common data shaping techniques are:

 Removing Columns and Rows

 Adding Indexes
 Applying a Sort Order
56. What is the difference between Calculated
Columns, Calculated Tables, and Measures?
Calculated Columns Calculated Tables Measures
Added to tables by applying Created using DAX formula to Use other DAX functions to
DAX formula on the define values create complex calculations
existing data
DAX formula defines Created in both Report and Data Used for highlighting running
values in new columns views totals, comparing sales, sales
rather than querying data forecasting, and other purposes
sources
Useful when data sources Work well for intermediate Created in both Report and
do not contain data calculations and the data that Data views
presented in the desired users want to be stored in the
format model

57. Which In-memory Analytics Engine is used

in Power Pivot?

The primary in-memory analytics engine behind Power Pivot is xVelocity.

This engine handles large amounts of data as it stores data in columnar
databases. In in-memory analytics, all data is loaded to RAM memory, and
therefore, the processing speed is really fast.

58. What is Power BI Designer?

A powerful and flexible new tool under the Power BI umbrella, Power BI
Designer empowers users to create intuitive reports and dashboards,
easily and quickly and also lets the users change visual views of their data
at their fingertips for better analytics and informed decision-making. This
designer is a host of drag-and-drop capabilities that help users place
content exactly where they want it on the report canvas in a well-
structured layout.
59. Is it possible to refresh Power BI Reports
after they are published to the cloud?

Yes, it is possible. Gateways can be used to do so.

 For SharePoint: Data Management Gateway

 For Powerbi.com: Power BI Personal Gateway

If you have any doubts or queries related to Power BI, get them
clarified from Power BI experts on our Power BI Community!

60. How can geographic data be mapped into

Power BI Reports?

Through a map chart and a filled map chart, Power BI makes it possible for
users to visually map geographic data, both globally and regionally.

 Power BI integrates with Bing Maps to find default coordinates

for locations in a process known as geocoding.
  This integration means that users do not need to provide
longitude and latitude coordinates.

61. What happens when you click on a single

data point in one of the multiple visuals in a
report?

When we do that, data gets selected and copied to the clipboard. Further,
the copied data can be pasted anywhere as per the requirement of the
user.

62. What is z-order in Power BI?

Z-order is a design strategy that is used for arranging visuals over shapes.
Also, z-order can be defined as an implementation method that can be
applied when reports have multiple elements. Further, this can also be
used to refresh the display after the order of items in a report is changed.

63. What is the prerequisite for connecting to a

database in Azure SQL Database?

There is only one prerequisite for this. Before connecting to a database in

Azure SQL Database, users should configure firewall settings to allow
remote connections.

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64. What are some ways that Excel experience

can be leveraged with Power BI?

In Power BI, the excel experience can be leveraged in the

following ways:
  Power BI Publisher for Excel:
o The charts, tables, and ranges can be pinned to Power
Bi Service.
o Datasets and reports stored in Power BI Service can be
used to connect with the publisher for Excel.
 Excel workbooks can be used for Power BI report creation by
exploring the models in tables in Excel.
 Pivot models of Excel workbooks can be imported to Power BI
Desktop models and to save both time and effort.
 You can upload Excel workbooks in Power BI and view them on a
web browser, Power BI Desktop, or Power BI Apps.
 Like any other report, Excel reports can be shared on Power BI
Service with other users.

65. How is the FILTER function used?

The FILTER function gives back a tabler with a filter applied for all of its
source table rows. The FILTER function is used as a parameter for other
functions.
FILTER can have a negative impact on large source tables as it is an
iterator.

A complex filtering logic can be applied, for example,

1FILTER(ATable,[SalesMetric] > 1000)

66. What is the CALCULATE function in DAX?

The CALCULATE function helps calculate the sum of an entire column. It

can be modified using filters.

Syntax:
1CALCULATE ( [, [, [, … ]]] )

Expression: The expression that has to be evaluated.

Filter: The filter is a boolean expression or a table expression that is
supposed to define a filter.

67. What is special or unique about the

CALCULATE and CALCULATETABLE functions?

These are the only functions that allow you to modify the filter context of
tables or measures.

 You can add to the existing filter context of the queries.

 You can override the filter context from the queries.
 You can remove the existing filter context from the queries.

Limitations:

 Filter parameters will only be able to work on one column at a

time.
 Filter parameters will not be able to reference a metric.

68. What is the common table function for

grouping data?

SUMMARIZE()

 This is the main groupby function in SSAS.

 You should specify tables and groups by columns instead of
metrics.

SUMMARIZECOLUMNS

 It is the new group by function in SSAS and Power BI desktop. It

is also more efficient.
 You should specify groups by table, expressions, and columns.
69. How would you create trailing X month
metrics via DAX against a non-standard
calendar?

You will have to use the following:

 CALCULATE function to take over the filter context of measures.

 ALL to remove the existing filters on the date dimension.
 FILTER to identify which rows of the date dimension you would
use.

CONTAINS can also used.

70. What are some of the differences between

data modeling between Power BI Desktop and
Power Pivot for Excel?

The differences between Power BI Desktop data modeling and Power Pivot
data modeling are as follows:
Power BI Desktop Power Pivot
Supports bi-directional cross-filtering Supports only single relationships.
relationships.
Security roles can be defined in Power BI Security roles cannot be defined in Power Pivot
Desktop. for Excel.

71. What are data destinations for Power

Queries?

There are two different data destinations for Power Queries:

 You can load to a table in a worksheet.

 You can load it to the Excel Data Model.
72. What are some common Power Query/Query
Editor transforms?

Filtering rows, Adding new columns, Grouping, Choosing/Removing

columns, Changing data types, Splitting a column into multiple columns,
etc.

73. What are query parameters and Power BI

templates?

Query parameters are used to give a local Power BI Desktop report with a
prompt to the users. This helps specify the values they’re interested in.

 The query and calculation can use parameter selection.

 PBIX files can also be exported as Power BI Templates (PBIT).
 The Template files will contain everything from the PBIX files
except for the data.

Templates and parameters help share small template files and limit the
amount of data that is loaded into the local PBIX files. This improves the
experience as well as processing time.

74. Why do we need Power Query when Power

Pivot can import from mostly used sources?

Power Query is a versatile tool that enables users to extract data from
diverse sources, apply necessary transformations, and seamlessly import
it into Excel. Its functionality surpasses that of Power Pivot, as Power
Query not only facilitates data loading but also provides extensive
capabilities for data manipulation, allowing users to tailor it to their
specific requirements.
75. Name some commonly used tasks in the
Query Editor.

 Shape Data – You can transform your data according to your

needs, to shape and clean it.
 Pivot Columns – You can pivot columns and then create a table
with the aggregate values.
 Connect to Data – You can get data from various sources and
transform it.
 Group Rows – You can group the values of various different
rows in a single value by summarizing.
 Advanced Editor – You can modify data using Advanced Query
Editor.
 Create Custom Columns – You can create custom columns
with the help of custom formulas.

76. What are the data management gateway

and Power BI personal gateway?

Gateways bridge the gap between data sources on-premise and Azure
cloud service.

Let’s look at the features of both of these separately.

Power BI Personal Gateway:

 No central managing, Only Power BI service, Only import

 Can only be used by one person

Data Management Gateway:

 Supports direct query and import

 Multiple users can use the gateway to develop content
 Monitor and control centrally
77. What happens when you click the Infocus
mode of a tile on the Power BI dashboard on
the browser?

When you click the Infocus mode of a tile, it expands the tile and the tiles
take full space.

78. How do you consolidate inquiries in Power

BI?

Inquiries in Power BI are consolidated using Join Queries.

79. What is a calculated column in Power BI and

why would you use them?

Calculated columns are DAX expressions. They are calculated during the
model’s refresh process/processing of every row of the particular column.
It can also be used like any other column of the model.

Calculated columns consume more memory and reduce query

performance. They also reduce refresh/processing performance if they are
applied on large tables.

80. How is data security implemented in Power

BI?

A DAX expression has to be applied on a table that filters its own rows at
query time. Dynamic security will involve using USERNAME functions in
defining security roles. Finally, a table will be created within the model
that will relate users to specific dimensions and roles.
81. Why might you have a table in the model
without any relationships to other tables?

There are usually two reasons for doing that:

 An unrelated table can be used to provide the user with

parameters that need to be exposed and selected in slicers.
o DAX metrics can retrieve this information and use it in
other calculations or metrics.
 An unrelated table can also be used as a placeholder for UI
metrics.

82. What are the differences between a Power

BI dataset, a Report, and a Dashboard?
Power BI Dataset Report Dashboard
Source data provides the basis forPower BI Desktop files Visuals taken from different
creating reports and visuals. may contain several pages reports make up this
of reports. slideshow.
Data are contained within a model Built for interactive, in- Built for easy visuals and
or available via direct query depth analysis of specific metrics collection from
connection from its source. datasets. multiple datasets.

83. What are the three Edit interactions options

of a visual tile in Power BI Desktop?

The three edit interaction options are:

 Filter – It completely filters a visual tile on the basis of the filter

selection of another visual tile.
 Highlight – It highlights the related elements on the visual tile
and greys out the unrelated elements.
 None – It ignores the filter selection from another visual tile.

84. How does SSRS integrate with Power BI?

There are a few ways SSRS can integrate with Power BI:

 Some report items like charts can be pinned on Power BI

dashboards.
 If you click on the tile in the Power BI dashboard, it will take the
user to the SSRS report.
 Users will soon be able to publish Power BI reports on SSRS
portals.

Power BI Interview Questions for 3

Years Experienced

85. What exactly is Self-service BI?

Self-service BI or Self-service Business Intelligence (SSBI) is an approach

to data analytics, reporting, and visualization that enables users to
generate easy-to-understand, intuitive, and actionable dashboards, almost
instantaneously.
The most striking feature of SSBI is the fact that users are not required to
be adept at technical expertise when it comes to data reporting. Using
available filters and data manipulation options, they can influence data as
per their business needs and further create reports. There are two parts to
Microsoft SSBI:

 Excel BI toolkit
 Power BI

Learn more about Why Power BI is a Revolutionary Business

Intelligence Tool?

86. What are formats in Power BI?

The different formats in Power BI are as follows:

 Power BI Desktop – Power BI Desktop can be downloaded and

installed on your PC. You can connect it to the data source,
transform the data, and analyze and visualize it with the help of
templates.
 Power BI Services – Power BI Services is a Service-as-a-
platform or a cloud based service.
 Power BI Mobile App – The Power BI App is available for iOs,
Android, and Windows.

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87. How can you refresh data in Power BI?

Data can be refreshed in the Gateway in Power BI by scheduling Refresh.

88. What is row-level security?

Row-level security restricts the data that a user can view and has access
to, based on filters. For configuring row-level security, users can define
rules and roles in Power BI Desktop and publish the same to Power BI
Service. Also, the username() function can be used alongside table
relationships to restrict the data to the current user.

However, for enabling row-level security, a Power BI Pro subscription

account is required, and Excel sheets can only be used when they are
converted to the .pbix file format.

89. What is DAX? What are the benefits of using

variables in DAX?

DAX or Data Analysis Expressions can be used to query and return data by
a table expression. It is a formula language that is used to perform basic
calculations and data analysis on the data in Power Pivot. Also, it is used
to compute calculated columns, calculated fields, and measures.
However, data cannot be inserted or modified using DAX.

DAX Syntax:
1Total Sales = SUM(Sales[SalesAmount])
Where ‘Total Sales’ is a ‘Measure’; ‘SUM’ is a ‘DAX Function’, and
‘Sales[SalesAmount]’ represents the referenced table and the referenced
column name.

Benefits of using variables in DAX:

 Variables can be reused in DAX queries, thus avoiding additional

queries of the source database.
 Variables make DAX expressions understandable.

90. What is bidirectional cross-filtering in Power

BI?

Bidirectional cross-filtering in Power BI Desktop allows data modelers to

determine how they want filters to flow for data using relationships
between tables. With bidirectional cross-filtering, the filter context is
propagated to a second related table on the other side of a table
relationship. This can help data modelers solve the many-to-many
problem without writing complicated DAX formulas. Thus, bidirectional
cross-filtering simplifies the job for data modelers.

91. What are the most common DAX functions

used?

Here are some of the most commonly used DAX functions:

 SUM, MIN, MAX, AVG, COUNTROWS, DISTINCTCOUNT

 IF, AND, OR, SWITCH
  ISBLANK, ISFILTERED, ISCROSSFILTERED
 VALUES, ALL, FILTER, CALCULATE,
 UNION, INTERSECT, EXCEPT, NATURALINNERJOIN,
NATURALLEFTEROUTERJOIN,
SUMMARIZECOLUMNS, ISEMPTY,
 VAR (Variables)
 GEOMEAN, MEDIAN, DATEDIFF

92. Which language is used in Power Query?

M-code is a new programming language used in Power Query. It’s really

easy to use and pretty similar to other programming languages.

Power BI Interview Questions for 5

Years Experienced

93. What are the building blocks of Power BI?

Below are the building blocks of Power BI:

 Visualizations: These are the visual representations of the raw

data collected from varied data sources. Visualizations can be
different types such as line graphs, donut charts, pie charts, bar
graphs, maps, etc.
 Datasets: It’s a collection that Power BI uses to create
visualizations and reports. Datasets in Power BI can be of
different types such as Excel sheets, CSV files, Oracle tables,
and more.
 Reports: A report in Power BI is a collection of visualizations
bought together on a single or multiple pages. Each visualization
in a report shows the specific aspect of the data based on the
 requirements. For example, profit by-products, sales by country,
city report, etc.
 Dashboards: Dashboards are single-layer presentations with
one or more visualizations embedded on a single page.
Dashboards can be shared on various platforms like Power BI
Apps to provide live information.
 Tiles: Tiles are the single visualizations in a dashboard or
report. For example, a pie chart, line graph, or any other
visualization is a single tile in Power BI.

Next up on this top Power BI interview questions and answers, let us

check out some of the top Power BI questions that come under the
intermediate category.

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94. What is Power Pivot?

An add-in for Microsoft Excel 2010, Power Pivot enables users to import
millions of rows of data from various sources into one Excel Workbook.
Users can create calculated columns, measure using formulas, and create
relationships between heterogeneous data. They can also build
PivotCharts and PivotTables. Users can analyze data effectively to help in
making timely business decisions without any help from IT.

Check out how to build an impressive Power BI Developer

Resume!

95. Explain what M language is in Power BI.

M is a query language formula that is used in Power BI Query Editor. It

helps in preparing data before loading it into the Power BI model. The
main function of Power Query is to mash-up data from one supported
source to another. These data mashups are expressed with the help of
Power Query M Formula Language.

96. What are content packs?

Content packs are packaged reports, dashboards, and datasets, which can
be shared with other Power BI users in the organization. When a content
pack is connected on the Powerbi.com portal, report items are merged
into workspace lists.

The most notable features of content packs are as follows:

 Provide access to specific groups or entire organizations

 Can be customized with a title and a description to help users
select the right pack
 Users who have access to the content pack can create new
dashboards from the contents

97. What is the maximum data limit per client

for the free version of Power BI?

A free Power BI version allows users 10 GB of storage space in the cloud

for hosting Power BI reports. The maximum size allowed for a report in the
cloud is 1 GB.

98. What are the three fundamental concepts of

DAX?

Three fundamental concepts of DAX are as follows:

 Syntax: It is the formula that includes the functions. If the

syntax is wrong, the result will show an error.
 Functions: These are arguments that a specific order to
perform.
  Context: Contexts are of two types – Row Context and Filter
Context. Row Context is applied when a formula has a function
that applies a filter to identify a row in a table. Filter Context is
applied when one or more filters are used to get a value.

99. What is query folding in Power Query?

Query folding refers to the process in Power Query where the defined
steps are translated into SQL and executed by the source database
instead of the client machine. This practice holds significant importance in
terms of optimizing performance and ensuring scalability in data
processing.

100. What gateways are available in Power BI,

and why use them?

A gateway basically acts as a bridge between on-premise data sources

and Azure Cloud Services.

 Personal Gateway: Data can be imported and valid on Power

BI Service only. Also, this gateway can only be used by a single
person.
 On-premises Gateway: This gateway is the advanced form of
Personal gateway. It supports Direct Query, and multiple users
can use this for refreshing data.

101. What are many-to-many relationships and

how can they be addressed in Power BI?

Many-to-many relationships include a junction or a bridge table that

reflects combinations from two dimensions.

 Bi-directional relationships can be utilized in PBIX.

  CROSSFILTER function is utilized in Power Pivot in Excel.
 DAX is used to check or transform the filter context.

Power BI Scenario Based Interview

Questions

102. You have been provided with sales data

that shows sales over a period of time in
specific intervals (could be daily or monthly
intervals) for each product and their quantity.
How will you visualize the sales for each
product?

 Take a table and add the columns. (Sales, product name – taken
to find each product), Order date – (taken to specify the month
interval), Order quantity (taken to specify the quantity).
 Make sure the Order date column is in the date data type. Only
in date data type we can give a hierarchy like year, quarter,
monthly, and day.
 Choose either the month or day to specify the interval.

103. Let’s suppose you have data that contains

purchase information along with the age and
gender of the customers. Visualize the
segments of customers along with the total
spend of each customer.

 Segment Visuals include bar charts, pie charts or tables.

 You have to choose the gender, age, customer name columns.
 Create a measure to calculate
Total_Spent=SUM(table_name[SalesAmount]))
  Visual taken in both bar chart and table visual format

104. You have to visualize the overseas sales of

a product using Power BI; how will you do it?

 Overseas indicate the map visuals.

 Take a map visualization and include the country column; the
bubble size would be the size of sales.
 Take the Product name in the legend
 Note: Map1 with Product Name column , Map2 without Product
Name column

105. You have to create a visualization to

depict the difference in budgeted revenue and
actual revenue for a product over a period of
time. How will you do it?

 Create a DAX column to find the difference.

 Difference=Table1[Budgeted_revenue]-Table2[Actual_Revenue]
 Note: If there is no budgeted revenue, you have to calculate
using DAX

106. How will you create a report that will

visualize the top products based on their sales?

 Columns taken: Product Name or Product Id with Sales Column.

 Apply a visual filter for Top 10 or Top 5 or Top 3
 Give the by-value condition as Sales and apply the filter.

Power BI Salary on the Basis of

Experience
Job Role Average Salary in India Average Salary in the USA
BI Developer Minimum – 3.6 LPA Minimum – 95,000 USD
Average – 6 LPA Average – 111,000 USD
Fresher – Experience (0 to 9 Years)
Maximum – 9 LPA Maximum – 139,000 USD

Power BI Trends in 2024

1. Global Demand: With more and more data generation across the
globe, the imminent need for Power BI professionals is growing
to analyze and visualize data to help data-driven decision-
making through insights.
2. Growth Projections: The user-friendly interface is encouraging a
plethora of businesses to adapt to the platform and is creating a
surge in market demand for Power BI professionals. With
over 8000 active jobs on LinkedIn in India and over 25000 jobs
in the USA power BI jobs are flooding the market.
3. Emerging Markets: Mobile Analytics is one of the most evolving
aspects of Power BI technology for mobile reporting and
embedded analytics.
4. Future Trends: Natural Language Integration through Generative
AI is a promising aspect for generating readable descriptions for
insights.

Job Opportunities in Power BI

Data analysis and reporting play a crucial role in data-driven decision-
making, and hence has created a surge in demand for skilled
professionals who can create interactive dashboards for reporting and
analysis. Some of the most sought-after Power BI job roles are as follows:
Job Role Description
Power BI Analyst Using Power BI tools, analyze data to find
patterns, insights, etc.
Power BI Developer Analyzes data and develops designs,
visualization, and reports to present findings.
Power BI Architect Devise end-to-end business intelligence
solutions that include data integration, data
 modeling, visualization, etc. to find insights
from data for data-driven decision-making

Roles and Responsibilities of a Power BI

Developer
Reporting and analyzing also invites a lot of skilled professionals to
various organizations. Typical roles and responsibilities according
to IBM are as follows:

Based on similar requirements, we have summarized the following roles

and responsibilities of a Power BI Developer:

1. Reporting: A Power BI developer is responsible for creating

interactive dashboards that present insights using dashboards
for data-driven decision-making.
2. Data Analysis: Import data from different sources, perform
calculations to find patterns and insights, and create
visualizations for various reports.
3. Business Intelligence Solutions: Develop end-to-end business
intelligence solutions for effective gathering, analyzing, and
interpreting information for data-driven decision making.
4. Problem Solving: A really effective problem-solving mindset to
devise innovative strategies to find insights in the unstructured
or structured data and visualize the findings in the most
informative manner.